148 lines
18 KiB
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148 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="41055C26E761776F3156A15CDCE07D83" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3677235" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1ee19d5d-27cf-4c93-989c-3fe3eb467203" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3677235" ID-ZooBank="BA35690A-FC73-4E5A-A805-FE9550275FEC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1582218729488" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cong, Qian, Zhang, Jing, Shen, Jinhui & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2019" docId="038E29227E7AFFF6FF3F7115DBBAFB30" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0731.1-56.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 731 (731)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Apaustina Grishin 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFB7515A7E72FFFEFFFF732ADF1EFFFB" masterDocTitle="Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698720609646" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="32EE2E6D5976095186C8790B01EFF3D3">Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A9888CF7995F93D620C50E0CF33D4CE5">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D019E0C80D4C2901F895DA6117ECBF80">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AEACFD43AAD6DA50C8F0439D96408F3">Shen, Jinhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A470A7A523214F68A8EE65E00FE990F5">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1B55139E0285DBB4CBCA0ACDAF45EA2A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0EB813855CF20CB935DE4407E8B0BEB5">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="61D58B9CF08C1DC0D2854D04E0FD3EE9">2019-10-11</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038E29227E7AFFF6FF3F7115DBBAFB30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681687" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162238032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681687" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E29227E7AFFF6FF3F7115DBBAFB30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E29227E7AFFF6FF3F7115DBBAFB30" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C33DCBBF7E7AFFF6FF3F7115DD9FFDAC" box="[192,641,575,599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9898347E7AFFF6FF3F7115DD9FFDAC" blockId="8.[192,641,575,599]" box="[192,641,575,599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0D02F587E7AFFF6FF3F7115DD9FFDAC" bold="true" box="[192,641,575,599]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FF3F7115DD9FFDAC" bold="true" box="[192,641,575,599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FF3F7115DEA1FDAC" authority="Grishin" authorityName="Grishin" authorityYear="2019" box="[192,447,575,599]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Apaustina">Apaustina Grishin</taxonomicName>
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, new subtribe
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33DCBBF7E7AFFF6FF3F7146DCC1FD7F" box="[192,991,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9898347E7AFFF6FF3F7146DCC1FD7F" blockId="8.[192,991,620,644]" box="[192,991,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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http://zoobank.org/
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<uuid id="FF81A2E17E7AFFF6FE5F7146DCC1FD7F" box="[416,991,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">05EF9D2F-DACA-45DC-B6D7-7960424D3C33</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33DCBBF7E7AFFF6FF3F7198DC0EFBE1" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9898347E7AFFF6FF3F7198DDB9FD32" blockId="8.[192,679,690,714]" box="[192,679,690,714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FF3F7198DE7BFD31" bold="true" box="[192,357,690,714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<typeStatus id="549C26967E7AFFF6FF3F7198DE1AFD31" box="[192,260,690,714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Type</typeStatus>
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genus.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FE937198DDBFFD32" ID-CoL="922F9" authority="Hubner, [1819]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[364,673,690,714]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apaustus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FE937198DEC0FD32" box="[364,478,690,713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Apaustus</emphasis>
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Hübner, [1819]
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9898347E7AFFF6FF3F71CBDC51FC41" blockId="8.[192,1440,737,954]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FF3F71CBDE4CFD02" bold="true" box="[192,338,737,761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Definition.</emphasis>
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A subtribe without clear phylogenetic affinities within
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FC0771C8DB62FD01" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[1016,1148,738,762]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hesperiini">Hesperiini</taxonomicName>
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, but not a sister to Thymelicina (
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<figureCitation id="131C84B17E7AFFF6FEC67028DE60FCE1" box="[313,382,770,794]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="7.[192,275,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[194,1438,224,1577]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1440,218,1584]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 1. Genomic trees of representative Hesperiidae. The trees are built from protein-coding regions in different genomic partitions: a) Nuclear genome; b) Z chromosome; c) Mitochondrial genome. The trees are rooted with Pterourus glaucus (NVG-1670), not shown. See Table 1 and Table S1 in the Supplemental file deposited at https:// osf.io/5cfht/?view_only=21eb53b6f8f344afaee3de2be90bf5d2 for additional data about these specimens. Names of species placed in new tribes and subtribes described in this work are highlighted in yellow and clades representing new taxa are colored in red. Clades for tribes and subtribes where species of the new taxa were placed previously are colored in blue and green arrow points from the former taxon to the new taxon (only on nuclear genome tree). Statistical support values are shown by nodes in all but the COI barcode trees. COI barcode NJ dendrogram is given for comparison and is not expected to reflect phylogeny. Subfamilies, tribes and subtribes for species included in the trees are shown to the right of the nuclear tree. Sequenced specimens of the type species of the new tribes and subtribes are illustrated in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views and indicated by blue arrows" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677237/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Keys to J.1, M.1, or M4 or in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB6E5C57E7AFFF6FCFF7028DCBBFCE1" author="Evans" box="[768,933,770,794]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="54 - 88" refId="ref27591" refString="Evans, W. H. 1955. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 499 p., pl. 54 - 88" type="book chapter" year="1955">Evans (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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. Characterized by elongated wings, weak flight, short antennae and gracile bodies. Diagnosed by a combination of: flattened antennal club without apiculus, long and thin 3rd segment of palpi extending beyond the 2nd segment (less so in
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FB077068DA8EFCA1" ID-CoL="8ZYVF" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1900" box="[1272,1424,834,858]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Adopaeoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FB077068DA8EFCA1" box="[1272,1424,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Adopaeoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the lack of spines on mid-tibiae (except
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FD627048DC11FC82" ID-CoL="922F9" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[669,783,866,889]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apaustus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FD627048DC11FC82" box="[669,783,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Apaustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and the lack of brands or stigmas on wings. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic: aly3507.5.1:A578C, aly1297.14.4:A4190C, aly123.4.7:A70T, aly123.4.7:G71C, aly315.4.4:A453C.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9898347E7AFFF6FF3F70F8DABEFC11" blockId="8.[192,1440,978,1002]" box="[192,1440,978,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FF3F70F8DEBFFC11" bold="true" box="[192,417,978,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Genera included.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FE5970F8DDD7FC11" ID-CoL="922F9" authority="Hubner, [1819]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[422,713,978,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apaustus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FE5970F8DD0AFC12" box="[422,532,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Apaustus</emphasis>
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Hübner, [1819]
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FD2B70F8DB08FC11" ID-CoL="8ZYVF" authority="Godman, 1900" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1900" box="[724,1046,978,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Adopaeoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FD2B70F8DC78FC11" box="[724,870,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Adopaeoides</emphasis>
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Godman, 1900
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FBAF70F8DA82FC11" ID-CoL="8ZZXD" authority="C. Felder, 1862" authorityName="C. Felder" authorityYear="1862" box="[1104,1436,978,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ancyloxypha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FBAF70F8DBFBFC11" box="[1104,1253,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Ancyloxypha</emphasis>
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C. Felder, 1862
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9898347E7AFFF6FF3F7728DC0EFBE1" blockId="8.[192,784,1026,1050]" box="[192,784,1026,1050]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FF3F7728DE62FBE1" bold="true" box="[192,380,1026,1050]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Parent taxon.</emphasis>
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FE337728DC12FBE1" authority="Latreille, 1809" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[460,780,1026,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hesperiini">Hesperiini Latreille, 1809</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33DCBBF7E7AFFF6FF3F7718DBBAFB30" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9898347E7AFFF6FF3F7718DBBAFB30" blockId="8.[192,1440,1074,1227]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FF3F7718DE47FBB1" bold="true" box="[192,345,1074,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Comments.</emphasis>
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Our genomic findings corroborate recent anchored phylogenomic results (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB6E5C57E7AFFF6FB1E7718DFE2FB91" author="Toussaint" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Toussaint" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="101" refId="ref28396" refString="Toussaint, E. F. A., J. W. Breinholt, C. Earl, A. D. Warren, A. V. Z. Brower, M. Yago, K. M. Dexter, M. Espeland, N. E. Pierce, D. J. Lohman, and A. Y. Kawahara. 2018. Anchored phylogenomics illuminates the skipper butterfly tree of life. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18 (1): 101." type="journal article" year="2018">Toussaint et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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) in dividing the former Thymelicina into two phylogenetic lineages of different origins (
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<figureCitation id="131C84B17E7AFFF6FAB77778DA90FB91" box="[1352,1422,1106,1130]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="7.[192,275,1612,1634]" captionTargetBox="[194,1438,224,1577]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[192,1440,218,1584]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 1. Genomic trees of representative Hesperiidae. The trees are built from protein-coding regions in different genomic partitions: a) Nuclear genome; b) Z chromosome; c) Mitochondrial genome. The trees are rooted with Pterourus glaucus (NVG-1670), not shown. See Table 1 and Table S1 in the Supplemental file deposited at https:// osf.io/5cfht/?view_only=21eb53b6f8f344afaee3de2be90bf5d2 for additional data about these specimens. Names of species placed in new tribes and subtribes described in this work are highlighted in yellow and clades representing new taxa are colored in red. Clades for tribes and subtribes where species of the new taxa were placed previously are colored in blue and green arrow points from the former taxon to the new taxon (only on nuclear genome tree). Statistical support values are shown by nodes in all but the COI barcode trees. COI barcode NJ dendrogram is given for comparison and is not expected to reflect phylogeny. Subfamilies, tribes and subtribes for species included in the trees are shown to the right of the nuclear tree. Sequenced specimens of the type species of the new tribes and subtribes are illustrated in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views and indicated by blue arrows" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677237/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). While the association of
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<taxonomicName id="4C27E3B77E7AFFF6FE0B7758DD78FB72" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[500,614,1138,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Apaustus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95344267E7AFFF6FE0B7758DD78FB72" box="[500,614,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Apaustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, formerly placed in Moncina A.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB6E5C57E7AFFF6FC037759DBB7FB70" author="Warren, A. D. & J. R. Ogawa & A. V. Z. Brower" box="[1020,1193,1139,1163]" journalOrPublisher="Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="642 - 676" part="24" refId="ref28580" refString="Warren, A. D., J. R. Ogawa, and A. V. Z. Brower. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics 24 (5): 642 - 676." type="journal article" year="2008">Warren, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, with the other two genera formerly placed in Thymelicina Tutt, 1905, was unexpected at first, it makes morphological sense considering similarities in wing shapes and the gracile bodies of these butterflies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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