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<document id="2DCBD81CE432224499DC66838A24A301" ID-CLB-Dataset="29419" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4482.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5916d93e-11d4-49c5-8085-8bcd37d3739b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1440674" ID-ZooBank="10258391-162F-4C7D-AA5E-1A03A4F3FE19" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538374587817" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pal, Saunak, Vijayakumar, S. P., Shanker, Kartik, Jayarajan, Aditi &amp; Deepak, V." docDate="2018" docId="038E021DFFAEFF874FA9FB59FC19FD27" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4482.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4482 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Monilesaurus acanthocephalus Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="434" masterDocId="FFB77A65FFB0FFA64F3EFF9CFFEFFFE8" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="431" updateTime="1698559486032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="19318126A78D1B5CC873DAF88F953A22">A systematic revision of Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C97DC59AC40B5CD73B373A1EDFEB84B">Pal, Saunak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E67648482ABEC20F798E7BF752408798">Vijayakumar, S. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86A98F57F078E0E10205D0BDFD40FD6E">Shanker, Kartik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5243D503FCD4DCE51EB7BBC8241C70A2">Jayarajan, Aditi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8B83C36C7A22B8FE8F4E00F753D42C9">Deepak, V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EB38B6C9B2BA2EE4BE83CD6DAC3AE66C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D54C0EDEA721B09F7ED6F54BAE5130ED">2018-09-19</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038E021DFFAEFF874FA9FB59FC19FD27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996705" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148421702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996705" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E021DFFAEFF874FA9FB59FC19FD27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E021DFFAEFF874FA9FB59FC19FD27" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="434" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFAEFFB84FA9FB59FF13FAE9" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAEFFB84FA9FB59FD37FB37" blockId="30.[151,728,1221,1281]" box="[151,728,1221,1247]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<heading id="D0D00467FFAEFFB84FA9FB59FD37FB37" bold="true" box="[151,728,1221,1247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAEFFB84FA9FB59FD37FB37" bold="true" box="[151,728,1221,1247]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAEFFB84FA9FB59FDFCFB37" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,531,1221,1247]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAEFFB84FA9FB59FDFCFB37" bold="true" box="[151,531,1221,1247]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Monilesaurus acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et. sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAEFFB84FA9FB7BFF13FAE9" blockId="30.[151,728,1221,1281]" box="[151,252,1255,1281]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
(
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFFAEFFB84FA1FB7BFF1CFAE9" box="[159,243,1255,1281]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1719,1741]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,445,1697]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[340,1247,445,1697]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral photograph showing live coloration of A. adult male Monilesaurus acanthocephalus gen. et sp. nov. and B. adult male Monilesaurus montanus sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440688/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFAEFFB84FA9FAB5FAB6FA8E" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAEFFB84FA9FAB5FAB6FA8E" blockId="30.[151,1437,1321,1856]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAEFFB84FA9FAB5FEF1FAAA" bold="true" box="[151,286,1321,1346]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet is derived by combining the Greek word acanthos, meaning spine or thorn, and kephale latinized as cephalus meaning head; referring to the long posterorbital and supratympanic spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFAEFFB84FF9FAEDFDB1F9AB" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAEFFB84FF9FAEDFD75FA3C" blockId="30.[151,1437,1321,1856]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAEFFB84FF9FAEDFED4FA62" bold="true" box="[199,315,1393,1418]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FFAEFFB84FF9FAEDFED9FA62" box="[199,310,1393,1418]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFFAEFFB84E76FAEEFE7CFA62" box="[328,403,1394,1418]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">BNHS</collectionCode>
2409, an adult male (
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFFAEFFB84D9BFAEDFD14FA62" box="[677,763,1393,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1140,1162]" captionTargetBox="[348,1233,206,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[340,1247,193,1136]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 11. Holotype of Monilesaurus acanthocephalus gen.et sp. nov. (BNHS 2409). (A) full body dorsal (B) ventral (C) flank region (D) dorsal, ventral and lateral views of head. Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440696/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) collected from a disturbed habitat, adjoining evergreen forest—tea garden edge in Upper Manalar (
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFFAEFFB84DA8FA09FD02FA46" box="[662,749,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1468,1490]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,755,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[152,1435,591,1447]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitat of Monilesaurus acanthocephalus gen. et sp. nov. at the type locality in Upper Manalar, Megamalai showing disturbed habitat comprising evergreen forests adjoining tea estates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440698/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), Periyar tiger reserve, Megamalai (934'35. 81&quot;N, 7720'11. 43&quot;E;
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFAEFFB84FE0FA20FEDCFA3C" box="[222,307,1468,1493]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5619999999999998" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="1562.0">1562 m</quantity>
a.s.l) by
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFFAEFFB84EA4FA20FE21FA3C" box="[410,462,1468,1492]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">SPV</collectionCode>
on
<date id="FF9995CBFFAEFFB84EC6FA20FD78FA3C" box="[504,663,1464,1493]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2009-04-08">8th April 2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAEFFB84FF9FA7CFDB1F9AB" blockId="30.[151,1437,1321,1856]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAEFFB84FF9FA7CFEA9FA11" bold="true" box="[199,326,1504,1529]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Paratypes.</emphasis>
CESL 0 0 1 adult male and CESL 112 juvenile male collected by SPV on
<date id="FF9995CBFFAEFFB84BA6FA7CFAAAFA10" box="[1176,1349,1504,1529]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2009-04-08">8th April 2009</date>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FFAEFFB84A6CFA7CFDB5F9AB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889720" collectingDate="2011-09-04" collectionCode="SPP" county="Megamalai" elevation="1547" location="Upper Manalar" municipality="Periyar" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BNHS 2410" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB811B70FFAEFFB84A6CFA7CFF20F9F7" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">BNHS 2410</specimenCode>
adult male collected by
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFFAEFFB84ED2F99BFDF4F9F7" box="[492,539,1543,1567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">SPP</collectionCode>
on
<collectingDate id="EFDD6C23FFAEFFB84D76F99BFCCCF9F7" box="[584,803,1539,1567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2011-09-04">
<date id="FF9995CBFFAEFFB84D76F99BFCCCF9F7" box="[584,803,1539,1567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" value="2011-09-04">4th September 2011</date>
</collectingDate>
from
<location id="8EF8E5D0FFAEFFB84C52F994FBF5F9F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E021DFFAEFF874FA9FB59FC19FD27:8EF8E5D0FFAEFFB84C52F994FBF5F9F7" box="[876,1050,1542,1567]" county="Megamalai" municipality="Periyar" name="Upper Manalar" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Upper Manalar</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFC2971FFAEFFB84B19F99AFB97F9F7" box="[1063,1144,1542,1567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Periyar</collectingMunicipality>
tiger reserve,
<collectingCounty id="62F9CB87FFAEFFB84A20F99AFA73F9F7" box="[1310,1436,1542,1567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Megamalai</collectingCounty>
(9°34'18. 25&quot;N, 77°20'5. 02&quot;E,
<elevation id="000A5438FFAEFFB84EC7F9B7FDBDF9AB" box="[505,594,1579,1604]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.547" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="1547.0">
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFAEFFB84EC7F9B7FDBDF9AB" box="[505,594,1579,1604]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.547" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="m" value="1547.0">1547 m</quantity>
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFAEFFB94FF9F9D2FB08FA0C" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="432" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAEFFB84FF9F9D2FAEFF8A8" blockId="30.[151,1437,1321,1856]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAEFFB84FF9F9D2FDFCF98F" bold="true" box="[199,531,1614,1639]" pageId="30" pageNumber="431">Diagnosis and comparison.</emphasis>
A medium sized agamid (SVL =
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFAEFFB84C8CF9D2FBF2F98F" box="[946,1053,1614,1639]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.26" pageId="30" pageNumber="431" unit="mm" value="72.6">72.6 mm</quantity>
) characterized by backward and downward orientation of lateral body scales; antehumeral fold present, throat fold present; 6264 midbody scale rows; nuchal crest composed of 6 long, well developed spines; dorsal crest developed, in the form of a serrated ridge; two long, separated supratympanic spines; a long, well developed postorbital spine; dorsal and lateral scales keeled, ventral scales strongly keeled; paired postmentals, first pair separated by a 1 or 2 scales; 2224 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger, 2731 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; 9 supralabials and 8 infralabials; reddish brown above with alternating dark and light crossbars on the dorsum, two white spots below the eye.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF58E383FFAFFFB94FA9FBE8FC74FB40" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440696/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" startId="31.[151,250,1140,1162]" targetBox="[348,1233,206,1119]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAFFFB94FA9FBE8FC74FB40" blockId="31.[151,1436,1140,1192]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94FA9FBE8FEF0FB62" bold="true" box="[151,287,1140,1162]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94E97FBE8FD07FB62" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[425,744,1140,1162]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen.et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94E97FBE8FD07FB62" box="[425,744,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Monilesaurus acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FFAFFFB94DD1FBE8FC66FB62" box="[751,905,1140,1162]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94DD1FBE8FC66FB62" bold="true" box="[751,905,1140,1162]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">gen.et sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(BNHS 2409). (A) full body dorsal (B) ventral (C) flank region (D) dorsal, ventral and lateral views of head. Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAFFFB94FF9FB4CFB08FA0C" blockId="31.[151,1436,1232,2013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94FF9FB4CFDC1FB00" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,558,1232,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94FF9FB4CFDC1FB00" box="[199,558,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Monilesaurus acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94D02FB4CFD13FB01" bold="true" box="[572,764,1232,1257]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: 6264 midbody scale rows (vs.
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<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94B78FB69FB35FAE4" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[1094,1242,1269,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94B78FB69FB35FAE4" box="[1094,1242,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94BDCFB68FA61FAE5" bold="true" box="[1250,1422,1268,1293]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFAFFFB94FA9FA84FF15FAD9" box="[151,250,1304,1329]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3969999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4731999999999998" metricValueMin="1.3208000000000002" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="in" value="55.0" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="52.0">5258 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94E3FFA85FE88FAD8" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[257,359,1304,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94E3FFA85FE88FAD8" box="[257,359,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFAFFFB94EA0FA84FDEDFAD9" box="[414,514,1304,1329]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" metricValueMax="1.4224" metricValueMin="1.3208" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="in" value="54.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="52.0">5256 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94D36FA85FD9FFAD8" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[520,624,1305,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94D36FA85FD9FFAD8" box="[520,624,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); presence of much longer, distinct isolated spine in the posterior corner of orbit (vs. absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94EB3FAA1FE1AFABC" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[397,501,1341,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94EB3FAA1FE1AFABC" box="[397,501,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; very small, indistinct tubercle like in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94C98FAA1FBD6FABC" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[934,1081,1341,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94C98FAA1FBD6FABC" box="[934,1081,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FFAFFFB94B7EFAA0FB00FABC" box="[1088,1263,1340,1365]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94B7EFAA0FB07FABD" bold="true" box="[1088,1256,1340,1365]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and smaller in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94FA9FAFDFF12FA90" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,253,1376,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94FA9FAFDFF12FA90" box="[151,253,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 6 very long nuchal spines (vs. 36 small nuchal spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94CABFAFDFBC8FA90" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[917,1063,1377,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94CABFAFDFBC8FA90" box="[917,1063,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FFAFFFB94B10FAFCFB34FA90" box="[1070,1243,1376,1401]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94B10FAFCFB3BFA91" bold="true" box="[1070,1236,1376,1401]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 34 long nuchal spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94E3AFA19FE84FA74" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[260,363,1412,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94E3AFA19FE84FA74" box="[260,363,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 78 smaller nuchal spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94DF6FA18FCC2FA74" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[712,813,1412,1436]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94DF6FA18FCC2FA74" box="[712,813,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">C. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); longer, prominent isolated spine on the back of head and above tympanum (vs. much smaller in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94DBAFA35FCF6FA28" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[644,793,1449,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94DBAFA35FCF6FA28" box="[644,793,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FFAFFFB94C1FFA34FC3DFA28" box="[801,978,1448,1473]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94C1FFA34FC23FA29" bold="true" box="[801,972,1448,1473]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94B2DFA35FB93FA28" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1043,1148,1449,1472]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94B2DFA35FB93FA28" box="[1043,1148,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and presence of a white spot below the eye (vs. absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94D35FA51FD9EFA0C" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[523,625,1485,1508]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94D35FA51FD9EFA0C" box="[523,625,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in the form of a band in
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FFAFFFB94CAEFA51FBCDFA0C" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[912,1058,1485,1508]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94CAEFA51FBCDFA0C" box="[912,1058,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">M. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FFAFFFB94B17FA50FB3AFA0C" box="[1065,1237,1484,1509]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94B17FA50FB3FFA0D" bold="true" box="[1065,1232,1484,1509]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FFAFFF874FF9FA6CFBC6FE1F" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="434" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAFFFB94FF9FA6CFB9FF87C" blockId="31.[151,1436,1232,2013]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FFAFFFB94FF9FA6CFE1FF9E1" bold="true" box="[199,496,1520,1545]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">
Description of
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FFAFFFB94EBCFA6CFE04F9E1" box="[386,491,1520,1545]" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
BNHS 2409, a medium sized adult male (SVL:
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFFAFFFB94B7CFA6CFB40F9E0" box="[1090,1199,1520,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.26" pageId="31" pageNumber="432" unit="mm" value="72.6">72.6 mm</quantity>
), morphometric and meristic data are summarised in Appendix 2 &amp; 3. General habitus moderately compressed. Head moderately large (HL/SVL ratio: 0.29), broad (HW/HL ratio: 0.65), maximum height less than maximum width; snout pointed; rostral broader than high; nostrils in single nasal shield, which is separated from rostral by a single scale; mental shield narrower than rostral; two postmentals; first pair in contact with each other; genials keeled; gular scales strongly keeled, slightly smaller than genials; scales on top of snout smooth except median row, which is keeled; scales on top of head heterogenous in size and shape, keeled; supraorbital scales keeled; canthus-rostralis and supraciliary edge sharp; a long, well developed, thick spine at the posterior corner of the orbit, ca. 54% the orbit in length; two separated spines on posterior end of head, the anterior much longer, between the nuchal crest and tympanum, posterior above tympanum; orbit diameter 56% of distance between anterior border of orbit and snout tip; tympanum exposed, its greatest diameter 49% horizontal diameter of orbit; enlarged keeled scale between tympanum and orbit; posterior region of jaws swollen; supralabials 9/8; infralabials 8/8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFFAFFF864FF9F83CFDE8FEA8" blockId="31.[151,1436,1232,2013]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1436,151,535]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="433" pageId="31" pageNumber="432">Nuchal crest well developed, composed of six primary, long conical spines, the first being the smallest and the fourth longest; the remaining vertebral scales subtriangular, pointed, much larger than adjacent rows of scales, and possessing a strong, median keel forming an elevated, serrated ridge like the dorsal crest which continues till the tail base; 62 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; scales on dorsum keeled, oriented postero-dorsally, while lateral ones oriented postero-ventrally; lateral scales smaller than dorsal, keeled; ventrals strongly keeled, irregular, slightly smaller than dorsals but of similar size as laterals, genials and gular scales; a strong, oblique antehumeral fold, extending across the throat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF90FF864FF9FED0FF25FDFF" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
Limbs long, slender and covered with strongly keeled scales, larger than laterals, forming parallel longitudinal rows; scales under thighs keeled; length of hindlimb ca. 79 % SVL; relative length of fingers 4&gt;3&gt;5&gt;2&gt;1; relative lengths of toes 4&gt;3&gt;5&gt;2&gt;1; fourth toe longer than fifth finger; 22 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger; 27 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; subdigital lamellae with sharp keels, bicarinate; tail slender, swollen at the base; scales on dorsal and ventral surface of tail with sharply keeled, mucronate, larger than laterals; tail length
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF90FF864A4CFE40FF29FDFF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" unit="mm" value="215.0">215 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF58E383FF90FF864FA9FA20FC4CFA19" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440698/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" startId="32.[151,250,1468,1490]" targetBox="[152,1435,755,1447]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF90FF864FA9FA20FC4CFA19" blockId="32.[151,1436,1468,1521]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF90FF864FA9FA20FECDFA3A" bold="true" box="[151,290,1468,1490]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF90FF864EA3FA20FD32FA3A" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[413,733,1468,1490]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF90FF864EA3FA20FD32FA3A" box="[413,733,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Monilesaurus acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF90FF864DD8FA20FC64FA3A" box="[742,907,1468,1490]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF90FF864DD8FA20FC64FA3A" bold="true" box="[742,907,1468,1490]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
at the type locality in Upper Manalar, Megamalai showing disturbed habitat comprising evergreen forests adjoining tea estates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF90FF864FF9F982FB0EF877" blockId="32.[151,1436,1566,1951]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF90FF864FF9F982FEB0F9DF" bold="true" box="[199,351,1566,1591]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Colouration.</emphasis>
In life: dorsum olive red with a light brown head, irregular alternating red and black blotches on the mid dorsum, the black blotches extend to the lateral side in the form of alternate v shaped bands; 45 light green blotches on the lateral side followed by thin whitish stripes from behind shoulder till start of tail; two light broken dorsolateral stripes present; head laterally light olive with three dark black bands from posterior part of eye till tympanum and two white spots below the eye; tympanum off-white with light green edge, lip scales light grey; a large blackish triangular patch behind the tympanum continuing to the antehumeral fold; ventral uniformly white; gular pouch light reddish; tail with alternating spaced dark blotches forming irregular bands towards the end. In preservative: dorsum and head uniform light brown, back banded with five U shaped black bands from neck to start of tail; the black bands extend midway laterally forming an alternating pale brown and black pattern; tail banded with alternating thick brown and grey blotches; head laterally pale brown with yellowish white lip scales, tympanum pale grey; ventrally uniform pale whitish yellow with darker blotches below the limbs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF91FF874FF9FF0BFE34FE63" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,719]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874FF9FF0BFCEEFF58" bold="true" box="[199,769,151,176]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Variation and secondary sexual characteristics.</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic data for the
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF91FF874BEDFF04FAECFF58" box="[1235,1283,152,176]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">type</typeStatus>
specimens is presented in Appendix 2 &amp; 3. The adult
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF91FF874D69FF21FD2DFF3D" box="[599,706,189,213]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are all males and range from
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF91FF874B32FF20FB75FF3C" box="[1036,1178,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.045" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.89" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" unit="mm" value="70.45" valueMax="72.0" valueMin="68.9">68.972 mm</quantity>
in SVL. The
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF91FF874A0FFF21FA73FF3D" box="[1329,1436,189,213]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
agree with the
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF91FF874E00FF43FE4FFF10" box="[318,416,223,248]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(CESL 002) in general morphology and scalation except for the following characters: 62 64 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; 2224 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger, 2731 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; infralabials 9 on the left in CESL 0 0 1 and 9 on the right in CESL 410; 1
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF91FF874BD0FEBBFAC4FEAB" box="[1262,1323,295,323]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="pair">st pair</taxonomicName>
separated by a single scale in CESL 410. Dorsal and nuchal crest, spines above the orbit and tympanum not developed in the juvenile
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF91FF874FC6FEEFFEB7FE63" box="[248,344,371,395]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
CESL 112.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF91FF874FF9FE0AFBC6FE1F" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,719]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874FF9FE0AFE7AFE47" bold="true" box="[199,405,406,431]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Genetic distance.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF91FF874EA1FE04FD6AFE47" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[415,645,407,431]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874EA1FE04FD6AFE47" box="[415,645,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">M. acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF91FF874DB0FE0AFCABFE47" box="[654,836,406,431]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874DB0FE0AFCD2FE47" bold="true" box="[654,829,406,431]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
shows 46% interspecific genetic divergence in the 16S gene from
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF91FF874E7FFE27FE47FE3A" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[321,424,443,466]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874E7FFE27FE47FE3A" box="[321,424,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">M. rouxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF91FF874E91FE26FDC1FE3A" box="[431,558,442,467]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874E91FE26FDC7FE3B" bold="true" box="[431,552,442,467]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
; 56 % interspecific genetic divergence from
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF91FF874B0CFE27FB78FE3B" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1074,1175,443,467]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874B0CFE27FB78FE3B" box="[1074,1175,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">M. ellioti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF91FF874BA1FE26FAF1FE3A" box="[1183,1310,442,467]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874BA1FE26FAF8FE3B" bold="true" box="[1183,1303,442,467]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">comb. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 23 % interspecific genetic divergence from
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF91FF874D01FE7CFD3EFE1F" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[575,721,480,503]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874D01FE7CFD3EFE1F" box="[575,721,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">M. montanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF91FF874DE6FE42FC69FE1F" box="[728,902,478,503]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874DE6FE42FC90FE1F" bold="true" box="[728,895,478,503]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Appendix 5).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF91FF874FF9FD9EFAC5FDD7" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF91FF874FF9FD9EFAC5FDD7" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,719]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874FF9FD9EFE8FFDF3" bold="true" box="[199,352,514,539]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF91FF874E54FD9FFD24FDF3" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[362,715,515,539]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874E54FD9FFD24FDF3" box="[362,715,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Monilesaurus acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF91FF874DEAFD9EFC65FDF2" box="[724,906,514,539]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874DEAFD9EFC6CFDF3" bold="true" box="[724,899,514,539]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is currently known only from high elevations (above
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF91FF874FD4FDBAFED0FDD7" box="[234,319,550,575]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
asl) of Megamalai hills of southern
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF91FF874DE8FDB4FCDEFDD7" box="[726,817,552,575]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Western</collectingRegion>
Ghats (See
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFF91FF874C87FDBAFC15FDD7" box="[953,1018,550,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[434,1141,804,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[324,1231,696,1979]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map showing distribution of members of Monilesaurus gen. nov. across the Western Ghats, India. Coloured symbols indicate selected sampling localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440680/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
&amp; Appendix 1 for details).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF91FF874FF9FDD6FC19FD27" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF91FF874FF9FDD6FC19FD27" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,719]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874FF9FDD6FDC4FD8B" bold="true" box="[199,555,586,611]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Ecology and natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF91FF874D06FDD7FC72FD8B" authority="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak, 2018" authorityName="Pal &amp; Vijayakumar &amp; Shanker &amp; Jayarajan &amp; Deepak" authorityYear="2018" box="[568,925,587,611]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Monilesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthocephalus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874D06FDD7FC72FD8B" box="[568,925,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Monilesaurus acanthocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A260D262FF91FF874C97FDD6FB86FD8A" box="[937,1129,586,611]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF91FF874C97FDD6FB8DFD8B" bold="true" box="[937,1122,586,611]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">gen. et sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a diurnal lizard, semiarboreal to arboreal in habit, and has, so far, been recorded from high elevation evergreen forests and along foresttea garden edges (
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFF91FF874E5CFD0EFE5AFD43" box="[354,437,658,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1468,1490]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,755,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[152,1435,591,1447]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 12. Habitat of Monilesaurus acanthocephalus gen. et sp. nov. at the type locality in Upper Manalar, Megamalai showing disturbed habitat comprising evergreen forests adjoining tea estates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440698/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Individuals were seen perching on shrubs, branches and on tree trunks. One of the
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF91FF874A52FD0FFA73FD43" box="[1388,1436,659,683]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">type</typeStatus>
specimens (CESL 410) was found sleeping on a tree branch in a forest patch.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>