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<document id="9143899C2E647F6E5EB85D92385738AA" ID-CLB-Dataset="29419" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4482.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5916d93e-11d4-49c5-8085-8bcd37d3739b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1440674" ID-ZooBank="10258391-162F-4C7D-AA5E-1A03A4F3FE19" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538374587817" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pal, Saunak, Vijayakumar, S. P., Shanker, Kartik, Jayarajan, Aditi &amp; Deepak, V." docDate="2018" docId="038E021DFF95FF814FA9FCFBFD83FDFF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4482.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4482 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Psammophilus dorsalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="440" masterDocId="FFB77A65FFB0FFA64F3EFF9CFFEFFFE8" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="438" updateTime="1698559486032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B7562781CC33C04A9EA01500BD5815FD">A systematic revision of Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Western Ghats adds two genera and reveals two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A6D2339C6568DBA6E4A798C1D1F74835">Pal, Saunak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="98CE4310D626E09BC46E20AD78C283F4">Vijayakumar, S. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2F8BF2E1DF95A70069C1720AE0D16BD6">Shanker, Kartik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9A1168DD55F0507B1C3F4DA2A998F040">Jayarajan, Aditi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77DF1B92304EA11A237EE870E6F18515">Deepak, V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EB9E725780AE5133E94D7F146179CA1A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DF64520A1F78C23D39740FE8245D5CA2">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E3938323DDC494DDA254CEB4829FF3AD">4482</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038E021DFF95FF814FA9FCFBFD83FDFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5996715" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148421711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5996715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E021DFF95FF814FA9FCFBFD83FDFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E021DFF95FF814FA9FCFBFD83FDFF" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="440" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF95FF834FA9FCFBFF13FC4C" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FA9FCFBFDBCFC6A" blockId="37.[151,595,871,932]" box="[151,595,871,898]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<heading id="D0D00467FF95FF834FA9FCFBFDBCFC6A" bold="true" box="[151,595,871,898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF95FF834FA9FCFBFDBCFC6A" authority="(Gray, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[151,595,871,898]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FA9FCFBFDBCFC6A" bold="true" box="[151,595,871,898]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FA9FCFBFE40FC69" bold="true" box="[151,431,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Psammophilus dorsalis</emphasis>
(Gray, 1831)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FA9FC16FF13FC4C" blockId="37.[151,595,871,932]" box="[151,252,906,932]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
(
<figureCitation id="131CAF8EFF95FF834FA1FC16FF1DFC4C" box="[159,242,906,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,635,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1247,635,1919]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral photograph showing live coloration of A. adult male Psammophilus dorsalis and B. adult female Microauris aurantolabium comb. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1440690/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF95FF834FA9FC4EFA79F9B5" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FA9FC4EFC1FFC0F" blockId="37.[151,1008,977,1091]" box="[151,1008,977,999]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF95FF834FA9FC4EFED8FC0F" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[151,311,977,999]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Agama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FA9FC4EFED8FC0F" box="[151,311,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Agama dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–Gray, 1831. In Griffith, E &amp; E. Pidgeon’s Anim. King. ix, 1851: 56
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FA9FC6CFCF9FBEE" blockId="37.[151,1008,977,1091]" box="[151,790,1008,1030]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF95FF834FA9FC6CFEA2FBEE" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,333,1008,1030]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Charasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FA9FC6CFEA2FBEE" box="[151,333,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Charasia dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF95FF834E5EFC6CFE3CFBEE" box="[352,467,1008,1030]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refId="ref35213" refString="Gray, E. (1845) Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection British museum. Trustees of die British Museum / Edward Newman, London, 289 pp." type="book">Gray, 1845</bibRefCitation>
. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. 1845: 246.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FA9FB92FCBBFBCC" blockId="37.[151,1008,977,1091]" box="[151,852,1038,1060]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF95FF834FA9FB92FEA2FBCC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,333,1038,1060]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Charasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FA9FB92FEA2FBCC" box="[151,333,1038,1060]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Charasia dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF95FF834E59FB92FDFEFBCC" box="[359,529,1038,1060]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refId="ref34283" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of lizards in the British museum. Fol. 1. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae, Second edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, 436 pp." type="book">Boulenger, 1885</bibRefCitation>
. Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. 1845: 450.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FA9FBB1FC76FBAB" blockId="37.[151,1008,977,1091]" box="[151,921,1069,1091]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF95FF834FA9FBB1FE6BFBAB" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[151,388,1069,1091]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FA9FBB1FE6BFBAB" box="[151,388,1069,1091]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Psammophilus dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF95FF834EA0FBB1FDF3FBAB" box="[414,540,1069,1091]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refId="ref37909" refString="Smith, M. A. (1935) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma; Reptilia and Amphibia. Fol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp." type="book">Smith, 1935</bibRefCitation>
. Fauna of British India, ii, 1935: 209.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FA9FBF3FF0EFB1C" blockId="37.[151,1437,1135,2027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FA9FBF3FE7EFB60" bold="true" box="[151,401,1135,1160]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Original description.</emphasis>
Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of Class Reptilia. In: Griffith, E &amp; E. Pidgeon: The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed [V Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London: 481 + 110 pp. [1830]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FF9FB63FCE9FA6D" blockId="37.[151,1437,1135,2027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FF9FB63FE38FAF0" bold="true" box="[199,471,1279,1304]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
Gray (1831) failed to mention which specimens he used to describe
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF95FF834A24FA9DFA7AFAF0" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1306,1429,1280,1304]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834A24FA9DFA7AFAF0" box="[1306,1429,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Currently, there are
<specimenCount id="9D217882FF95FF834E43FAB8FDF8FAD5" box="[381,535,1316,1341]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
labelled as
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF95FF834D9CFAB9FCF6FAD4" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[674,793,1316,1340]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834D9CFAB9FCF6FAD4" box="[674,793,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the Natural History Museum.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF95FF834BA9FAB8FAB0FAD5" box="[1175,1375,1316,1341]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refId="ref34283" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of lizards in the British museum. Fol. 1. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae, Second edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, 436 pp." type="book">Boulenger (1885)</bibRefCitation>
used eight specimens at NHM to describe
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF95FF834D79FAD4FCFCFA88" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[583,787,1352,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Charasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834D79FAD4FCFCFA88" box="[583,787,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Charasia dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from Madras, Nilgiris, Malabar and
<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFF95FF834A0EFADBFA85FA88" box="[1328,1386,1351,1376]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">India</collectingCountry>
and labelled these collections as being from
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF95FF834D66FAF0FD52FA6D" box="[600,701,1388,1413]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Southern" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Southern</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFF95FF834DFAFAF0FCEEFA6D" box="[708,769,1388,1413]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FF9FA13FA79F9B5" blockId="37.[151,1437,1135,2027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
There was no precise
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF95FF834EF9FA0CFE18FA40" box="[455,503,1424,1448]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">type</typeStatus>
locality given in the original description but most of the localities mentioned in older publications suggest collections from different parts of southern
<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFF95FF834CFFFA28FC12FA25" box="[961,1021,1460,1485]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">India</collectingCountry>
, especially hilly regions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF95FF834A18FA28FF3CFA18" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refId="ref34329" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1890) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma: Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor and Francis, London, 541 pp." type="book">Boulenger 1890</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF95FF834FDFFA4BFE86FA18" box="[225,361,1495,1520]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refId="ref37909" refString="Smith, M. A. (1935) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma; Reptilia and Amphibia. Fol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp." type="book">Smith 1935</bibRefCitation>
). The chronological collections of the specimens from NHM need to be verified to choose a
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF95FF834FA9FA60FF11F9FD" box="[151,254,1532,1557]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
from the specimens at NHM. Since there is very little genetic variation (1–2% in 16S mtDNA) in the samples collected from the
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF95FF834EF3F9BCFDC7F9DF" box="[461,552,1568,1591]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Western</collectingRegion>
Ghats of Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFF95FF834C28F983FCBDF9D0" box="[790,850,1567,1592]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">India</collectingCountry>
, we provide an expanded description of this species based on the largest male collected during this study and compare with other specimens collected during the study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF95FF834FF9F9FBFD91F8DF" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FF9F9FBFCCAF94F" blockId="37.[151,1437,1135,2027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FF9F9FBFE5CF968" bold="true" box="[199,435,1639,1664]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Topotypic material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF95FF834E82F9F4FDEFF968" box="[444,512,1640,1664]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">CESL</collectionCode>
273, adult male collected from a boulder in grassland in Kotavasal, Achankovil reserve forest,
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF95FF834E02F912FE68F94F" box="[316,391,1678,1703]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Kerala</collectingRegion>
by
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF95FF834E8FF913FE0FF94F" box="[433,480,1679,1703]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">SPP</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF95FF834D28F90CFDBCF94F" box="[534,595,1680,1703]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e45p-2bfj" name="Museum of Vicotria" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">MVP</collectionCode>
on
<date id="FF9995CBFF95FF834D43F913FCCEF94F" box="[637,801,1675,1704]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" value="2011-05-28">28th May 2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF834FF9F92EFD91F8DF" blockId="37.[151,1437,1135,2027]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FF95FF834FF9F92EFAA2F923" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889701" box="[199,1357,1714,1739]" collectionCode="CESL" location="Nilgiri" municipality="Kolakumbai" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" specimenCode="CESL 326" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FF9F92EFE15F923" bold="true" box="[199,506,1714,1739]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB811B70FF95FF834D3FF92FFD9AF923" box="[513,629,1714,1739]" collectionCode="CESL" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">CESL 326</specimenCode>
adult male collected from
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFC2971FF95FF834CA1F92EFBC3F923" box="[927,1068,1714,1739]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Kolakumbai</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF8E5D0FF95FF834B09F92EFB6DF923" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E021DFF95FF814FA9FCFBFD83FDFF:8EF8E5D0FF95FF834B09F92EFB6DF923" box="[1079,1154,1714,1739]" municipality="Kolakumbai" name="Nilgiri" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Nilgiri</location>
hills,
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF95FF834BF8F92EFAA2F923" box="[1222,1357,1714,1739]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4FB956FF95FF834A66F92FFD91F8DF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913889688" collectionCode="CESL" county="Wayanad" location="GenBank" municipality="Rishi Valley" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" specimenCode="CESL 181" specimenCount="64" specimenCount-adult="64" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectionCode id="ED362BCEFF95FF834A66F92FFA73F923" box="[1368,1436,1715,1739]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">CESL</collectionCode>
0
<specimenCount id="9D217882FF95FF834F9AF94AFEEAF907" box="[164,261,1750,1775]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="adult">64 adult</specimenCount>
female collected from sunrise valley,
<collectingCounty id="62F9CB87FF95FF834DECF94AFCD6F907" box="[722,825,1750,1775]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Wayanad</collectingCounty>
reserve forest,
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF95FF834CC9F94AFBADF907" box="[1015,1090,1750,1775]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Kerala</collectingRegion>
and
<specimenCode id="DB811B70FF95FF834BBDF94BFB10F907" box="[1155,1279,1751,1775]" collectionCode="CESL" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">CESL 181</specimenCode>
adult female collected from near
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFC2971FF95FF834EBAF966FDFCF8FB" box="[388,531,1786,1811]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Rishi Valley</collectingMunicipality>
school,
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF95FF834D47F966FCDAF8FB" box="[633,821,1786,1811]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
; details of collection locality, specimen voucher and
<location id="8EF8E5D0FF95FF834FA9F882FEEEF8DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E021DFF95FF814FA9FCFBFD83FDFF:8EF8E5D0FF95FF834FA9F882FEEEF8DF" box="[151,257,1822,1847]" county="Wayanad" municipality="Rishi Valley" name="GenBank" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" stateProvince="Kerala">GenBank</location>
accession number in
<location id="8EF8E5D0FF95FF834ECDF882FD8EF8DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E021DFF95FF814FA9FCFBFD83FDFF:8EF8E5D0FF95FF834ECDF882FD8EF8DF" box="[499,609,1822,1847]" county="Wayanad" municipality="Rishi Valley" name="Appendix" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" stateProvince="Kerala">Appendix</location>
1.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF95FF804FF9F8DEFD9DFDD4" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF95FF804FF9F8DEFB61FED7" blockId="37.[151,1437,1135,2027]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834FF9F8DEFDFBF8B3" bold="true" box="[199,532,1858,1883]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Diagnosis and comparison.</emphasis>
A medium to large sized
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF95FF834C67F8DFFC11F8B3" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[857,1022,1859,1883]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF95FF834C67F8DFFC11F8B3" box="[857,1022,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Psammophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characterized by the posterodorsal orientation of lateral scales; antehumeral fold well developed; 94–148 midbody scale rows (vs
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF95FF834A26F8FAFA73F897" box="[1304,1436,1894,1919]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2385" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="2.921" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" unit="in" value="127.5" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="115.0">115–140 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF95FF834FA9F816FEBAF84B" box="[151,341,1930,1955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refId="ref34283" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of lizards in the British museum. Fol. 1. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae, Second edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, 436 pp." type="book">Boulenger, 1885</bibRefCitation>
; 115–150
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF95FF834EF3F816FDB3F84B" box="[461,604,1930,1955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" refId="ref37909" refString="Smith, M. A. (1935) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma; Reptilia and Amphibia. Fol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp." type="book">Smith, 1935</bibRefCitation>
); ventral scales 112–152; nuchal crest reduced, composed of 15–18 very small, triangular spines, continuous with almost equal to or even smaller dorsal crest which appears like slightly raised denticulation; dorsal crest absent in females and juveniles; two separated, very small supratympanic spines; dorsal and lateral scales keeled, ventral scales strongly keeled; paired postmentals, first pair separated by 1–2 scales; 24–28 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger, 26–34 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; 11–13 supralabials and 10–12 infralabials; adult males with uniform greyish brown to black body, dorsum lighter; indistinct lighter blotches on the sides, lip scales lighter grey or off-white; females and juveniles with a pair of dorsolateral stripes from neck to above tail, dorsum and lateral speckled with lighter spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF96FF804FF9FED0FD9DFDD4" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
Morphologically,
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF96FF804EAFFED1FDE7FE8C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[401,520,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Charasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804EAFFED1FDE7FE8C" box="[401,520,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804D9FFED1FCB6FE8C" box="[673,857,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF96FF804D9FFED1FCBAFE8C" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[673,853,332,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blanfordanus">P. blanfordanus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the only other species known from this group, but can be distinguished by a combination of the following characters: 100–140 midbody scale rows (vs 80–100); three samples collected from eastern
<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFF96FF804D3FFE08FDD4FE45" box="[513,571,404,429]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">India</collectingCountry>
close to the
<typeStatus id="549C0DA9FF96FF804DECFE09FCEDFE45" box="[722,770,405,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF96FF804CB4FE09FBD2FE44" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[906,1085,404,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blanfordanus">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804CB4FE09FBD2FE44" box="[906,1085,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">P. blanfordanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also had lower number 84–94 (80–100
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF96FF804E3BFE2BFE2CFE38" box="[261,451,439,464]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" refId="ref34283" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of lizards in the British museum. Fol. 1. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae, Second edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, 436 pp." type="book">Boulenger 1885</bibRefCitation>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB6CEFAFF96FF804EC4FE2BFD7EFE38" box="[506,657,439,464]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" refId="ref37909" refString="Smith, M. A. (1935) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma; Reptilia and Amphibia. Fol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp." type="book">Smith, 1935</bibRefCitation>
). Midbody scales row counts clearly overlap with
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF96FF804A2BFE25FA7AFE38" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[1301,1429,440,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Charasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804A2BFE25FA7AFE38" box="[1301,1429,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, all the meristic characters we checked for few specimens overlap (Appendix 3). There is, therefore a need for more thorough examination of morphological and morphometric characters with a larger sample size to diagnose
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF96FF804E3FFDB9FE98FDD4" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[257,375,548,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Charasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804E3FFDB9FE98FDD4" box="[257,375,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF96FF804E82FDB9FD84FDD4" baseAuthorityName="Stoliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[444,619,548,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blanfordanus">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804E82FDB9FD84FDD4" box="[444,619,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">P. blanfordanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF96FF804FF9FDDBFC09F87D" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF96FF804FF9FDDBFB47FC20" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804FF9FDDBFEB6FD88" bold="true" box="[199,345,583,608]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Description.</emphasis>
Based on CESL 273, a large sized adult male (SVL-
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF96FF804C92FDD4FBCDFD88" box="[940,1058,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.077" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="mm" value="107.7">107.7 mm</quantity>
), morphometric and meristic data are summarised in Appendix 2 &amp; 3. General habitus moderately depressed. Head moderately large (HL/SVL 0.25), not elongated (HW/HL 1.10), maximum width much more than maximum height; snout rounded; rostral broader than high; nostrils in single nasal shield, which is separated from the rostral by two scales; mental shield broader than rostral; two postmentals, first pair separated by two small scales; genials smooth; gular scales keeled, smaller than genials; scales on top of snout feebly keeled towards the edges; scales on top of head heterogenous in size and shape, keeled; supraorbital scales keeled; canthus-rostralis and supraciliary edge sharp; two separated small, triangular spines on posterior end of head, the anterior midway between nuchal crest and tympanum, posterior above tympanum; orbit diameter 65% of distance between anterior border of orbit and snout tip; tympanum exposed, its greatest diameter 39% horizontal diameter of orbit; few slightly enlarged, smooth scales between tympanum and orbit; posterior region of jaws swollen; supralabials 13/13; infralabials 12/12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF96FF804FF9FC48FB4BFB48" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Nuchal crest developed, composed of 15 primary, small, triangular spines, the first being the smallest and the eight longest; nuchal crest continuous with a reduced dorsal crest present in the form of elevated serrated ridge, composed of vertebral scales with a more pronounced median keel continuing till above the vent, on the tail in the form of enlarged strongly keeled median scale; 104 longitudinal scale rows around midbody; dorsal and lateral scales keeled, oriented postero-dorsally; ventrals smooth, irregular, as large as the dorsals, slightly larger than the genial and gular scales; an oblique antehumeral fold present, not extending across the throat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF96FF804FF9FB30FDCAFA75" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
Limbs strong, robust, covered with uniform keeled scales, slightly larger than laterals forming parallel longitudinal rows; scales under thighs weakly keeled; length of hindlimb 71% SVL; relative length of fingers 4&gt;3&gt;2&gt;5&gt;1; relative lengths of toes 4&gt;3&gt;5&gt;2&gt;1; fourth toe slightly smaller than fifth finger; 15 subdigital lamellae under fourth finger; 19 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe; subdigital lamellae with sharp keels, bicarinate; tail thick, gradually tapering, swollen at the base; scales on dorsal and ventral surface of tail with sharp keels, larger than laterals; median scales on the dorsal surface of tail enlarged, with a pronounced median keel; tail length
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF96FF804A4CFAFCFF2CFA74" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="mm" value="147.0">147 mm</quantity>
(incomplete, broken at the tip).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF96FF804FF9FA3BFC2EF955" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804FF9FA3BFEB0FA28" bold="true" box="[199,351,1447,1472]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Colouration.</emphasis>
In life: head and body dull blackish-grey with irregular lighter patches near the flank; a longitudinal thick, lighter buff band from behind the head till above the tail; head laterally darker with indistinct reddish brown speckles behind the orbit, a broken reddish stripe from above the nostril till behind the posterior part of orbit covering the supraorbital region; another pale reddish stipe from the nostril till behind the cheek covering the lip scales and lower margin of tympanum; tympanum pale grey; ventral uniformly lighter, pale grey; gular and genial scales lighter, dirty white; tail with a thick lighter band just at the start, then uniform dark grey followed by indistinct lighter bands, bands more prominent towards the tip. In preservative: colouration pattern mostly similar to that in life, except overall paler; bands on lateral side of head distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF96FF804FF9F95BFC09F87D" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804FF9F95BFD15F908" bold="true" box="[199,762,1735,1760]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Variation and secondary sexual characteristics.</emphasis>
The other specimens examined agree with the CESL
<quantity id="4CDF1EEEFF96FF804A6BF954FA73F908" box="[1365,1436,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9342" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" unit="in" value="273.0">273 in</quantity>
general morphology and scalation except for some differences that are summarised in Appendix 2 &amp; 3. The examined female specimen (CESL 064) has slightly smaller nuchal spines compared to the males, dorsal crest almost nonexistent; dorsal and lateral scales feebly keeled; tail base not swollen; overall colouration olive-brown, speckled with irregular lighter blotches, 3–4 triangular darker patches on the mid dorsum from neck to the start of tail and series of whitish spots forming broken parallel dorso-lateral stripes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF96FF814FF9F83CFDDBFF10" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="440" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF96FF814FF9F83CFDDBFF10" blockId="38.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="440" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804FF9F83CFE8FF851" bold="true" box="[199,352,1952,1977]" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF96FF804E56F83CFD81F850" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[360,622,1952,1976]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="38" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF96FF804E56F83CFD81F850" box="[360,622,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Psammophilus dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed all across the low and medium elevation rocky habitats of central and southern
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF96FF804EBDF859FE31F834" box="[387,478,1989,2012]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="38" pageNumber="439">Western</collectingRegion>
Ghats. This species has often been observed on huge rock boulders and sheath rocks in and around forests but seem to be more common in open, drier habitats. During this study,
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF97FF814BD2FF05FA89FF58" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1260,1382,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF97FF814BD2FF05FA89FF58" box="[1260,1382,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded in various sites from the southern
<collectingRegion id="49E37DE9FF97FF814D42FF21FD38FF3C" box="[636,727,189,212]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Western" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">Western</collectingRegion>
Ghats (See Appendix 1 for details). It is also known from drier habitats throughout peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F330F39BFF97FF814ECCFF43FDC0FF10" box="[498,559,223,248]" name="India" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33DE080FF97FF814FF9FE98FD83FDFF" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B98B30BFF97FF814FF9FE98FD83FDFF" blockId="39.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF97FF814FF9FE98FDCFFEF5" bold="true" box="[199,544,260,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">Ecology and natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C27C888FF97FF814D17FE98FCDEFEF4" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[553,817,260,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Psammophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B9536F19FF97FF814D17FE98FCDEFEF4" box="[553,817,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="440">Psammophilus dorsalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a diurnal lizard, chiefly rupicolous in habit, and so far, has been recorded exclusively in and around rocky habitats. Individuals were mostly observed basking on boulders and rock cliffs in the mornings. In some instances, it has also been observed on isolated rocks inside tea estates and plantations. It is a very shy and active species and escapes inside the gaps and crevices among boulders at the slightest hint of an approaching threat. In the breeding season, the adult males of this species develop a thick bright red to vermilion coloured band from the head extending till behind the lower back and the entire remaining body turns black. Adult males have been observed only during summer and pre-monsoon while gravid females were found in the early monsoon seasons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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