180 lines
21 KiB
XML
180 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D7106F085447780E4E249BECD408BBF0">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3BBCD4B6D42A6709C3FA1A681295FCD4">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F07D522CB8F1B494ABF0C6FB305E3F39" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E689C8D6708435BAB57B5F5A2B1F1ABF">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97C3F94E5EEC4A34967718DB8CAA8914">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1419E38FB196A06B53409479B7030FFF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A198903B812092443C5C98B4A3EFE3BC">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B4EFFF4FF56FE07FDA2FB3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7641125" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209290966" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7641125" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B4EFFF4FF56FE07FDA2FB3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B4EFFF4FF56FE07FDA2FB3D" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4EFFF4FF56FE07FC79FDD7" box="[151,903,510,537]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56FE07FC79FDD7" blockId="88.[151,903,510,537]" box="[151,903,510,537]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B4EFFF4FF56FE07FC79FDD7" bold="true" box="[151,903,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF56FE07FC79FDD7" bold="true" box="[151,903,510,537]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FF56FE07FDBBFDD7" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,581,510,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF56FE07FE82FDD6" bold="true" box="[151,380,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ellisella grasshoffi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FE42FE06FDBBFDD7" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[387,581,510,537]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(species status uncertain)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4EFFF4FF56FDBAFD59FCD1" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56FDBAFE97FDB5" blockId="88.[151,1436,579,726]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4EFFF4FF56FDBAFD97FD94" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[151,617,579,603]" page="112" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" year="2011">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FF56FDBAFD97FD94" authority="Fernando, 2011: 111 - 112" authorityName="Fernando" authorityPageNumber="111 - 112" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,617,579,603]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF56FDBAFEA7FD94" box="[151,345,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ellisella grasshoffi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FEA3FDBAFD97FD94" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[354,617,579,603]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011: 111–112</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 70, fig. 1–1e (Thiruchendur);
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B4EFFF4FC0FFDBAFB23FD94" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[974,1245,579,603]" page="236" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" year="2017">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FC0FFDBAFB23FD94" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[974,1245,579,603]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FBF7FDBDFB9AFD94" box="[1078,1124,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017: 236
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 109, fig. 1–1e (Thiruchendur).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56FD79FDF6FD78" blockId="88.[151,1436,579,726]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FF56FD79FDCFFD57" authority="(Valenciennes, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[151,561,640,664]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmacea">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF56FD79FEAAFD57" box="[151,340,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nicella gemmacea</emphasis>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FEA3FD79FDD5FD57" author="Valenciennes, A." box="[354,555,640,664]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="7 - 15" refId="ref109127" refString="Valenciennes, A. (1855) Extrait d'une monographie de la famille des Gorgonidees de la classe des polypes. Comptes Rendus Des Seances De L'Academie Des Sciences, 55, 7 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 28683" type="journal article" year="1855">Valenciennes, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FD95FD79FCDDFD57" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[596,803,640,665]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 125</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 87, figs. 1–1d (Cuddalore); in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FB46FD79FA66FD56" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[1159,1432,640,665]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
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Fernando
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FB2FFD78FADCFD57" box="[1262,1314,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2017: 292
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 137, figs. 1–1d (Cuddalore).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56FD47FE0EFD19" blockId="88.[151,1436,579,726]" box="[151,496,702,726]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FF68FD47FE12FD19" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[169,492,702,726]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bayeri">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF68FD47FEBBFD19" box="[169,325,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ellisella bayeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FE8AFD47FE12FD19" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[331,492,702,726]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56FCFDFD59FCD1" blockId="88.[151,679,772,799]" box="[151,679,772,799]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Opinion: This species does occur in the region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4EFFF4FF56FCB5FDAFFC38" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF56FCB5FED7FCA9" blockId="88.[151,1437,844,1267]" box="[151,297,844,870]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF06FC88FDAFFC38" blockId="88.[151,1437,844,1267]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF06FC88FE64FC45" box="[199,410,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FE66FC89FD9FFC45" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[423,609,880,906]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FD54FC89FC73FC45" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[661,909,880,906]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
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||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FCC4FC88FCC3FC45" box="[773,829,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
both present identical descriptions, but without a more detailed descriptions and more illustrations of the sclerites from the polyps and the coenenchymal layers it is difficult to distinguish their species from any similar taxa, and also extremely difficult to establish the status of the species without a revision of the genus.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B4EFFF4FF06FBF9FDA2FB3D" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B4EFFF4FF06FBF9FDA2FB3D" blockId="88.[151,1437,844,1267]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FF06FBF9FE7FFBD5" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[199,385,1024,1050]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FE74FBF9FD52FBD5" author="Fernando, S. & Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C." box="[437,684,1024,1050]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. & Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
|
||
Fernando
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FDE5FBF8FDA2FBD5" box="[548,604,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2017)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a species named
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FC1CFBF9FA62FBD4" authority="(Valenciennes, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[989,1436,1024,1051]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FC1CFBF9FB55FBD5" box="[989,1195,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nicella gemmacea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FB79FBF9FA6AFBD4" author="Valenciennes, A." box="[1208,1428,1024,1051]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="7 - 15" refId="ref109127" refString="Valenciennes, A. (1855) Extrait d'une monographie de la famille des Gorgonidees de la classe des polypes. Comptes Rendus Des Seances De L'Academie Des Sciences, 55, 7 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 28683" type="journal article" year="1855">Valenciennes, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
with “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FF1DFBDDFCE5FBF1" authority="(Bayer & Grasshoff, 1994, p. 21)" baseAuthorityName="Bayer & Grasshoff" baseAuthorityPageNumber="21" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[220,795,1060,1086]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Nicella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF1DFBDDFE55FBF1" box="[220,427,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nicella gemmacea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FE78FBDDFD28FBF1" author="Bayer, F. M. & Grasshoff, M." box="[441,726,1060,1086]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="21 - 45" refId="ref98951" refString="Bayer, F. M. & Grasshoff, M. (1994) The genus group taxa of the family Ellisellidae, with clarification of the genera established by J. E. Gray (Cnidaria; Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 74 (1 / 2), 21 - 45." type="journal article" year="1994">Bayer & Grasshoff, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.21)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” as a synonym. It is not clear what the authors’ intentions were because that species and that synonymic reference do not exist. However, the form of the figured specimen and the illustrated sclerites show it is actually a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FCF1FB95FC73FB49" ID-CoL="84NDQ" authorityName=", Simpson" authorityYear="1910" box="[816,909,1132,1158]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FCF1FB95FC73FB49" box="[816,909,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ellisella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and although the sclerite images are too small for an accurate comparison, the identity of the specimen is probably the same as that of the specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FF56FB4DFE92FB01" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,364,1204,1230]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FF56FB4DFE92FB01" box="[151,364,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ellisella grasshoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: it is also very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FD51FB4DFC09FB01" authority="Fernando, 2011" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[656,1015,1204,1230]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Ellisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bayeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FD51FB4DFCC3FB01" box="[656,829,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ellisella bayeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B4EFFF4FC85FB4DFC09FB01" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[836,1015,1204,1230]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B4EFFF4FBF2FB4DFAD7FB01" ID-CoL="6CS3H" baseAuthorityName="Milne Edwards & Haime" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[1075,1321,1204,1230]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ellisellidae" genus="Dichotella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gemmacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955DB457B4EFFF4FBF2FB4DFAD7FB01" box="[1075,1321,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Dichotella gemmacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above for the occurrence of duplicate synonymies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |