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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.588.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7751590" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1679300158074" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Facco, Marlon Garlet &amp; Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa" docDate="2023" docId="0382DB75FC0E056F05AAD9590A81FA67" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.588.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 588 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.2:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Cuphea pulchra Moricand 1847" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1935" masterDocId="FFBBA30DFC2305400522DE040F2AFFF3" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic Revision of Cuphea sect. Trispermum s. l. (Lythraceae)" masterLastPageNumber="1935" masterPageNumber="1921" pageNumber="1921" updateTime="1679575441395" updateUser="jonas">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic Revision of Cuphea sect. Trispermum s. l. (Lythraceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Facco, Marlon Garlet</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4087-2706</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Brasília, 70910 - 900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil &amp; mgfbio @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4087 - 2706</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mgfbio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-1649-9830</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Brasília, 70910 - 900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil &amp; Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770 - 917, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil &amp; Universidade de Brasília, 70910 - 900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil &amp; taciana. cavalcanti @ embrapa. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1649 - 9830 Corresponding author: mgfbio @ gmail. com &amp; Universidade de Brasília, 70910 - 900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">taciana.cavalcanti@embrapa.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>588</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1921</mods:start>
<mods:end>1935</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.588.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7751590</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7751574" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382DB75FC0E056F05AAD9590A81FA67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382DB75FC0E056F05AAD9590A81FA67" lastPageId="47" pageId="45">
<subSubSection box="[136,635,1885,1912]" pageId="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="45.[136,1452,1885,2020]" box="[136,635,1885,1912]" pageId="45">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,172,1885,1911]" pageId="45">18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="32FDL" ID-ENA="312594" authority="Moricand (1847: 168)" authorityName="Moricand" authorityPageNumber="168" authorityYear="1847" box="[180,631,1885,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,368,1885,1912]" italics="true" pageId="45">Cuphea pulchra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Moricand, S." box="[377,631,1885,1912]" pageId="45" refId="ref56991" refString="Moricand, S. (1847) Plantes Nouvelles d'Amerique. Imprimerie de Jules-Gme Fich, Rue des Belles-Filles, GeneIve, 158 pp." type="book" year="1847">Moricand (1847: 168)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="45.[136,1452,1885,2020]" pageId="45">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="G" collectorName="Blanchet" country="Brazil" latitude="-11.189" location="Serra Jacobina" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-40.5" municipality="Serra Jacobina" pageId="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus box="[643,755,1886,1912]" pageId="45">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, S. A." box="[938,1137,1885,1912]" pageId="45" pagination="12 - 32" refId="ref53917" refString="Graham, S. A. (1990) New Species of Cuphea Section Melvilla (Lythraceae) and an Annotated Key to the Section. Brittonia 42 (1): 12 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2807021" type="journal article" year="1990">Graham 1990: 27</bibRefCitation>
):—
<collectingCountry box="[1179,1287,1886,1912]" name="Brazil" pageId="45">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1299,1367,1885,1911]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="45">Bahia</collectingRegion>
, “
<collectingMunicipality pageId="45">Serra Jacobina</collectingMunicipality>
[approx.
<geoCoordinate box="[345,433,1922,1948]" degrees="11.189" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" precision="55" value="-11.189">-11.189</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[446,539,1921,1948]" degrees="40.500" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" precision="55" value="-40.5">-40.500</geoCoordinate>
]”, 1836,
<emphasis box="[641,805,1921,1947]" italics="true" pageId="45">
<collectorName box="[641,741,1921,1947]" pageId="45">Blanchet</collectorName>
2603
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode box="[821,842,1922,1948]" pageId="45">G</collectionCode>
[00227320] image!, isolectotypes BM image!, BR, F image!, G [00227321] image!, K [2 sheets]!, NY image!, OXF image!, P [2 sheets] image!, W [3 sheets] image!).
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="46.[136,229,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[227,1358,194,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-35@46.[225,1359,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 14. AG. Cuphea praetermissa. A. Habit; B. Detail of 3-verticillate leaves; C. Abaxial surface of the leaf, margin strongly revolute to the midvein; D. Floral tube in lateral view, without petals; E. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without petals; F. Pistil; G. Seed. HN. Cuphea pulchra var. pulchra. H. Habit; I. Detail of a branch; J. Contracted raceme at the apex of the branch; K. Floral tube in lateral view; L. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section; M. Pistil; N. Seed.AD, G: Pastore et al. 2455; E: Bringel-Jr. &amp; Moreira 709; F: Pastore et al. 2439; HJ, LN: Facco et al. 487; K: Miranda &amp; Conceição 682. Scale bar. A: 5 cm; B: 5 mm; C: 0.5 mm; DF, N: 2 mm; G: 1 mm; K: 3 mm; LM: 6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751618/files/figure.png" pageId="45">Figs. 14HN</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[232,317,1993,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="49.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,536,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-173@49.[228,1359,535,1892]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 15. AG. Cuphea pulchra var. corollata. A. Detail of a branch; B. Contracted raceme at the apex of the branch; C. Flower in frontal view; D. Floral tube in lateral view, without the petals; E. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without the petals; F. Pistil; G. Seed. HM. Cuphea rionegrensis. H. Branches with flowers; I. Detail of an immature fruit; J. Floral tube in lateral view, without petals; K. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without petals; L. Pistil; M. Seed. AG: Facco et al. 488; H, JL: Poole 1790; I: Kubitzki et al. 126; M: Maia et al. 256. Scale bar. DF: 6 mm; G, JL: 2 mm; H: 5 cm; M: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751620/files/figure.png" pageId="45">15AG</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[329,360,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="62.[136,229,2027,2049]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,1152,2001]" captionTargetId="figure-48@62.[280,1307,1151,2002]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 24. Geographical distribution of Cuphea pulchra var. pulchra and Cuphea pulchra var. corollata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751636/files/figure.png" pageId="45">24</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[136,807,2069,2091]" pageId="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="45.[136,807,2069,2091]" box="[136,807,2069,2091]" pageId="45">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[136,807,2069,2091]" pageId="45">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6C44N" authority="Martius" authorityName="Martius" box="[136,383,2069,2091]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis box="[136,302,2069,2091]" italics="true" pageId="45">Cuphea coccinea</emphasis>
Martius
</taxonomicName>
ex
<treatmentCitation author="Koehne, E." box="[417,613,2069,2091]" page="405" pageId="45" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation author="Koehne, E." box="[417,613,2069,2091]" pageId="45" pagination="395 - 429" refId="ref55838" refString="Koehne, E. (1882) Lythraceae monographice describuntur. VI. Cuphea. Subg. II. Eucuphea. C. Cosmanthae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 2: 395 - 429." type="journal article" year="1882">Koehne (1882: 405)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<emphasis box="[623,807,2069,2091]" italics="true" pageId="45">nom. nud., pro syn.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7751618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751618/files/figure.png" pageId="46" startId="46.[136,229,1577,1599]" targetBox="[227,1358,194,1552]" targetPageId="46">
<paragraph blockId="46.[136,1452,1577,1780]" pageId="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,261,1577,1599]" pageId="46">FIGURE 14</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[275,323,1577,1599]" pageId="46">AG</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName box="[337,549,1577,1599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissa">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[337,549,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="46">Cuphea praetermissa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[563,580,1578,1599]" pageId="46">A</emphasis>
. Habit;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[662,678,1578,1599]" pageId="46">B</emphasis>
. Detail of 3-verticillate leaves;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[991,1008,1577,1599]" pageId="46">C</emphasis>
. Abaxial surface of the leaf, margin strongly revolute to the midvein;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[368,385,1614,1635]" pageId="46">D</emphasis>
. Floral tube in lateral view, without petals;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[797,813,1614,1635]" pageId="46">E</emphasis>
. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without petals;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1370,1385,1614,1635]" pageId="46">F</emphasis>
. Pistil;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,155,1649,1671]" pageId="46">G</emphasis>
. Seed.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[227,275,1650,1671]" pageId="46">HN</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority="var. pulchra" box="[288,575,1649,1671]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pulchra" variety="pulchra">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[288,449,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="46">Cuphea pulchra</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,575,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="46">pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[588,607,1650,1671]" pageId="46">H</emphasis>
. Habit;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[686,695,1650,1671]" pageId="46">I</emphasis>
. Detail of a branch;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[896,908,1650,1671]" pageId="46">J</emphasis>
. Contracted raceme at the apex of the branch;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1363,1382,1650,1671]" pageId="46">K</emphasis>
. Floral tube in lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[330,346,1686,1707]" pageId="46">L</emphasis>
. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[757,780,1686,1707]" pageId="46">M</emphasis>
. Pistil;
<emphasis bold="true" box="[851,868,1686,1707]" pageId="46">N</emphasis>
. Seed.AD, G:
<emphasis box="[1023,1202,1686,1707]" italics="true" pageId="46">Pastore et al. 2455</emphasis>
; E:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46">Bringel-Jr. &amp; Moreira 709</emphasis>
; F:
<emphasis box="[210,391,1722,1743]" italics="true" pageId="46">Pastore et al. 2439</emphasis>
; HJ, LN:
<emphasis box="[511,666,1722,1743]" italics="true" pageId="46">Facco et al. 487</emphasis>
; K:
<emphasis box="[708,966,1722,1743]" italics="true" pageId="46">Miranda &amp; Conceição 682</emphasis>
. Scale bar. A: 5 cm; B: 5 mm; C: 0.5 mm; DF, N: 2 mm; G: 1 mm; K: 3 mm; LM: 6 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection lastPageId="47" pageId="46" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="46.[136,1452,1826,2069]" lastBlockId="47.[136,1452,158,1264]" lastPageId="47" pageId="46">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,264,1826,1852]" pageId="46">Subshrubs</emphasis>
to shrubs
<quantity box="[379,504,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="46" unit="cm" value="120.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="40.0">40200 cm</quantity>
tall; stems erect, indumentum pubescent, eglandular trichomes short, &lt;
<quantity box="[1302,1388,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="46" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, erect or with curved apices, mixed with glandular trichomes ca.
<quantity box="[829,912,1862,1889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="46" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, sometimes one-armed appressed trichomes present or glandular trichomes absent; internodes
<quantity box="[703,808,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="46" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="0.5">0.54 cm</quantity>
long; brachyblasts absent.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1118,1200,1898,1924]" pageId="46">Leaves</emphasis>
opposite, chartaceous to coriaceous, sessile, rare petiole ca.
<quantity box="[565,631,1934,1961]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="46" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, blades 1055 ×
<quantity box="[885,995,1934,1961]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="46" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="7.0">721 mm</quantity>
, ovate to ovate-oblong, rarely elliptic or orbicular, apex acute, rarely obtuse or cuspidate, base subcordate to cordate, rarely obtuse, margin subrevolute to revolute, indumentum strigose on both surfaces, with one-armed trichomes, indumentum pubescent concentrated on the veins, sometimes glandular trichomes present; brochidodromous.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[918,1024,2042,2068]" pageId="46">Racemes</emphasis>
<quantity box="[1032,1129,2042,2069]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="46" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">520 cm</quantity>
long, bracteose to frondosebracteose, simple to compound, usually contracted at apex of branches; bracts 230 ×
<quantity box="[1134,1267,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="8.1" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="1.2">1.215 mm</quantity>
, subequal pairs, ovate to oblong-ovate, similar to leaves in indumentum.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[770,865,194,220]" pageId="47">Flowers</emphasis>
alternate; pedicels
<quantity box="[1082,1175,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">38 mm</quantity>
long; bracteoles
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.4">0.41.2 mm</quantity>
long, broad-ovate, rarely suborbicular; floral tubes (15)
<quantity box="[809,932,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="17.0">1724 mm</quantity>
long; spur obtuse, saccate to galeate, deflexed; outer surface red-orange, apex yellow-green, indumentum pubescent, mixed with glandular trichomes; inner surface villous behind the stamens, dense-pilose around the ovary; petals 0 or 6, red-orange, subequal, two dorsal 3.54.2 x
<quantity box="[136,233,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">34 mm</quantity>
, broad-obovate, four ventral 34.8 ×
<quantity box="[662,780,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.2">2.23 mm</quantity>
, broad-obovate to broad-elliptic; stamens free in the upper third of the floral tube, five antesepalous exserted, four antepetalous subexserted; pistil
<quantity box="[1101,1221,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="16.0">1623 mm</quantity>
long; ovary sparsely pilose to glabrous; style pilose; ovules 38; nectary 1.5 ×
<quantity box="[778,894,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.7">1.72 mm</quantity>
, deflexed.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1015,1082,410,436]" pageId="47">Seeds</emphasis>
34, 2.13 ×
<quantity box="[1236,1352,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.0">22.9 mm</quantity>
, obovate to suborbicular, apex truncate to slightly retuse, base acute to obtuse, margin obtuse.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[189,890,482,509]" pageId="47" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="47.[136,1452,158,1264]" box="[189,890,482,509]" pageId="47">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,323,482,508]" pageId="47">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Collected with flowers and fruits all year round.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="47.[136,1452,158,1264]" pageId="47">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,495,518,544]" pageId="47">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[525,595,518,544]" name="Brazil" pageId="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, in the states of
<collectingRegion box="[789,857,518,544]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="47">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[871,1027,518,544]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="47">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1041,1184,518,544]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="47">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion box="[1248,1333,518,544]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="47">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation box="[1351,1438,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="62.[136,229,2027,2049]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,1152,2001]" captionTargetId="figure-48@62.[280,1307,1151,2002]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE 24. Geographical distribution of Cuphea pulchra var. pulchra and Cuphea pulchra var. corollata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751636/files/figure.png" pageId="47">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
); cerrado
<emphasis box="[226,366,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="47">sensu stricto</emphasis>
, “campos rupestres”, rocky riverbanks, openings in hillside forests, gallery forest edges, and open “caatinga”;
<quantity box="[269,410,590,617]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="200.0">2001600 m</quantity>
elev.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="47.[136,1452,158,1264]" pageId="47">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,440,626,652]" pageId="47">Conservation status:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moricand" authorityYear="1847" box="[468,654,626,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[468,654,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="47">Cuphea pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was categorized as Least Concern (LC) due to its wide geographic distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="47.[136,1452,158,1264]" pageId="47">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moricand" authorityYear="1847" box="[189,369,698,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[189,369,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="47">Cuphea pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily recognized by the generally shrubby habit (
<figureCitation box="[949,1051,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="46.[136,229,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[227,1358,194,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-35@46.[225,1359,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 14. AG. Cuphea praetermissa. A. Habit; B. Detail of 3-verticillate leaves; C. Abaxial surface of the leaf, margin strongly revolute to the midvein; D. Floral tube in lateral view, without petals; E. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without petals; F. Pistil; G. Seed. HN. Cuphea pulchra var. pulchra. H. Habit; I. Detail of a branch; J. Contracted raceme at the apex of the branch; K. Floral tube in lateral view; L. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section; M. Pistil; N. Seed.AD, G: Pastore et al. 2455; E: Bringel-Jr. &amp; Moreira 709; F: Pastore et al. 2439; HJ, LN: Facco et al. 487; K: Miranda &amp; Conceição 682. Scale bar. A: 5 cm; B: 5 mm; C: 0.5 mm; DF, N: 2 mm; G: 1 mm; K: 3 mm; LM: 6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751618/files/figure.png" pageId="47">Fig. 14H</figureCitation>
), up to
<quantity box="[1131,1173,698,725]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="47" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
tall, and the multiflorous racemes contracted at the apex of the branches (
<figureCitation box="[683,789,734,760]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="46.[136,229,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[227,1358,194,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-35@46.[225,1359,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 14. AG. Cuphea praetermissa. A. Habit; B. Detail of 3-verticillate leaves; C. Abaxial surface of the leaf, margin strongly revolute to the midvein; D. Floral tube in lateral view, without petals; E. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without petals; F. Pistil; G. Seed. HN. Cuphea pulchra var. pulchra. H. Habit; I. Detail of a branch; J. Contracted raceme at the apex of the branch; K. Floral tube in lateral view; L. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section; M. Pistil; N. Seed.AD, G: Pastore et al. 2455; E: Bringel-Jr. &amp; Moreira 709; F: Pastore et al. 2439; HJ, LN: Facco et al. 487; K: Miranda &amp; Conceição 682. Scale bar. A: 5 cm; B: 5 mm; C: 0.5 mm; DF, N: 2 mm; G: 1 mm; K: 3 mm; LM: 6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751618/files/figure.png" pageId="47">Figs. 14J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[802,851,734,761]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="49.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,536,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-173@49.[228,1359,535,1892]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 15. AG. Cuphea pulchra var. corollata. A. Detail of a branch; B. Contracted raceme at the apex of the branch; C. Flower in frontal view; D. Floral tube in lateral view, without the petals; E. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without the petals; F. Pistil; G. Seed. HM. Cuphea rionegrensis. H. Branches with flowers; I. Detail of an immature fruit; J. Floral tube in lateral view, without petals; K. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without petals; L. Pistil; M. Seed. AG: Facco et al. 488; H, JL: Poole 1790; I: Kubitzki et al. 126; M: Maia et al. 256. Scale bar. DF: 6 mm; G, JL: 2 mm; H: 5 cm; M: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751620/files/figure.png" pageId="47">15B</figureCitation>
), with long, red-orange floral tubes, (15)
<quantity box="[1327,1452,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="47" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="17.0">1724 mm</quantity>
long. Individuals are typically apetalous. However, populations with six orange-red petals (
<figureCitation box="[1154,1254,770,797]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="49.[136,229,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,536,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-173@49.[228,1359,535,1892]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 15. AG. Cuphea pulchra var. corollata. A. Detail of a branch; B. Contracted raceme at the apex of the branch; C. Flower in frontal view; D. Floral tube in lateral view, without the petals; E. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without the petals; F. Pistil; G. Seed. HM. Cuphea rionegrensis. H. Branches with flowers; I. Detail of an immature fruit; J. Floral tube in lateral view, without petals; K. Floral tube in longitudinal-dorsal section, without petals; L. Pistil; M. Seed. AG: Facco et al. 488; H, JL: Poole 1790; I: Kubitzki et al. 126; M: Maia et al. 256. Scale bar. DF: 6 mm; G, JL: 2 mm; H: 5 cm; M: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7751620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7751620/files/figure.png" pageId="47">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
) were discovered in the state of
<collectingRegion box="[289,357,806,832]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="47">Bahia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[366,437,806,832]" name="Brazil" pageId="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and described as
<taxonomicName authority="(Cavalcanti &amp; Graham 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Graham" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[635,1238,806,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pulchra" variety="corollata">
<emphasis box="[635,753,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. pulchra</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[805,907,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="47">corollata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Cavalcanti, T. B. &amp; Graham, S. A." box="[920,1231,806,833]" pageId="47" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref52998" refString="Cavalcanti, T. B. &amp; Graham, S. A. (2005) New taxa in Lythraceae from Latin America. Novon 15: 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="2005">Cavalcanti &amp; Graham 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moricand" authorityYear="1847" box="[1248,1427,806,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[1248,1427,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="47">Cuphea pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded expressively in
<collectingRegion box="[414,482,842,868]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="47">Bahia</collectingRegion>
, forming dense populations in the Chapada Diamantina region, and with less frequency in the other states where it occurs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[136,1452,158,1264]" pageId="47">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moricand" authorityYear="1847" box="[189,373,914,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[189,373,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="47">Cuphea pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was classified in
<emphasis box="[584,603,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="47">C</emphasis>
. sect.
<taxonomicName box="[680,1011,914,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Melvilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" subSection="Pachycalyx">
<emphasis box="[680,773,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="47">Melvilla</emphasis>
subsect.
<emphasis box="[882,1011,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="47">Pachycalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the long and robust floral tubes, a distinctive characteristic of the section, and by the low number of ovules, non-ciliate sepals, and South American distribution (
<bibRefCitation author="Koehne, E." box="[286,447,986,1012]" pageId="47" pagination="185 - 370" refId="ref55755" refString="Koehne, E. (1877) Lythraceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. von &amp; Eichler, A. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis 13 (2). Frid. Fleischer, Leipzig, pp. 185 - 370." type="book chapter" year="1877">
<taxonomicName box="[286,375,986,1012]" genus="Koehne" pageId="47" rank="genus">Koehne</taxonomicName>
1877
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Koehne, E." box="[464,524,986,1012]" pageId="47" refId="ref55983" refString="Koehne, E. (1903) Lythraceae. In: Engler, A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV. 216. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 326 pp." type="book" year="1903">1903</bibRefCitation>
). Morphological and palynological studies by
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, S. A." box="[1081,1259,986,1012]" pageId="47" pagination="12 - 32" refId="ref53917" refString="Graham, S. A. (1990) New Species of Cuphea Section Melvilla (Lythraceae) and an Annotated Key to the Section. Brittonia 42 (1): 12 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2807021" type="journal article" year="1990">Graham (1990)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, S. A. &amp; Cavalcanti, T. B." pageId="47" pagination="24 - 30" refId="ref54292" refString="Graham, S. A. &amp; Cavalcanti, T. B. (1999 a) The Yellow-Flowered Species of Cuphea (Lythraceae), Including Three New Taxa. Brittonia 51 (1): 24 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2666552" type="journal article" year="1999">Graham &amp; Cavalcanti (1999a)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moricand" authorityYear="1847" box="[544,669,1022,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[544,669,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was closely related to
<emphasis box="[951,970,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="47">C</emphasis>
. sect.
<taxonomicName box="[1052,1187,1023,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Balsamona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" subSection="Trispermum">
<emphasis box="[1052,1187,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="47">Trispermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possessing several significant characters from this section. In the molecular phylogenetic analyses by
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, S. A. &amp; Freudenstein, J. V. &amp; Luker, M." box="[1060,1294,1058,1084]" pageId="47" pagination="764 - 778" refId="ref54565" refString="Graham, S. A., Freudenstein, J. V. &amp; Luker, M. (2006) A Phylogenetic Study of Cuphea (Lythraceae) Based on Morphology and Nuclear rDNA ITS Sequences. Systematic Botany 31 (4): 764 - 778. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364406779696004" type="journal article" year="2006">
Graham
<emphasis box="[1157,1213,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="47">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Barber, J. C. &amp; Ghebretinsae, A. &amp; Graham, S. A." pageId="47" pagination="35 - 44" refId="ref52539" refString="Barber, J. C., Ghebretinsae, A. &amp; Graham, S. A. (2010) An expanded phylogeny of Cuphea (Lythraceae) and a North American monophyly. Plant Systematics and Evolution 289: 35 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00606 - 010 - 0329 - 7" type="journal article" year="2010">
Barber
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName authority="var. pulchra" box="[260,522,1094,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pulchra" variety="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[260,380,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. pulchra</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[435,522,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="47">pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared in the “
<taxonomicName box="[720,855,1095,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Balsamona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" subSection="Trispermum">
<emphasis box="[720,855,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="47">Trispermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[136,1452,158,1264]" pageId="47">
<bibRefCitation author="Graham, S. A. &amp; Freudenstein, J. V. &amp; Luker, M." box="[189,428,1130,1156]" pageId="47" pagination="764 - 778" refId="ref54565" refString="Graham, S. A., Freudenstein, J. V. &amp; Luker, M. (2006) A Phylogenetic Study of Cuphea (Lythraceae) Based on Morphology and Nuclear rDNA ITS Sequences. Systematic Botany 31 (4): 764 - 778. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364406779696004" type="journal article" year="2006">
Graham
<emphasis box="[288,345,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="47">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
commented that the large, colorful floral tubes found in the paraphyletic
<emphasis box="[1265,1284,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="47">C</emphasis>
. sect.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Anderson ex Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1358,1451,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Melvilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1358,1451,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="47">Melvilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are convergent, certainly related to selection for large bees and bird pollination. According to photographic records (
<bibRefCitation author="Holderbaum, J. M." box="[143,357,1202,1228]" pageId="47" refId="ref55181" refString="Holderbaum, J. M. (2013) WA 1093562, Augastes lumachella (Lesson, 1838). Wiki Aves: A Enciclopedia das Aves do Brasil. Available from: http: // www. wikiaves. com / 1093562 (accessed: 06 August 2019)." type="url" year="2013">Holderbaum 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Pongiluppi, T." box="[373,569,1202,1228]" pageId="47" refId="ref57354" refString="Pongiluppi, T. (2017) WA 2835726, Calliphlox amethystina (Boddaert, 1783). Wiki Aves: A Enciclopedia das Aves do Brasil. Available from: http: // www. wikiaves. com / 2835726 (accessed: 06 August 2019)." type="url" year="2017">Pongiluppi 2017</bibRefCitation>
), populations of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moricand" authorityYear="1847" box="[772,897,1202,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[772,897,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Chapada Diamantina,
<collectingRegion box="[1205,1273,1202,1228]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="47">Bahia</collectingRegion>
, are visited by hummingbirds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[136,592,1310,1337]" box="[136,592,1310,1337]" pageId="47">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,592,1310,1337]" pageId="47">
Key to the varieties of
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="32FDL" ID-ENA="312594" authorityName="Moricand" authorityYear="1847" box="[404,592,1310,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[404,592,1310,1337]" italics="true" pageId="47">Cuphea pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" type="key">
<keyStep pageId="47">
<paragraph blockId="47.[136,1452,1379,1429]" box="[136,1452,1379,1401]" pageId="47">
<keyLead box="[136,1452,1379,1401]" pageId="47">
1. Petals absent ...................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName authority="var. pulchra" box="[1226,1452,1379,1400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pulchra" variety="pulchra">
<emphasis box="[1226,1329,1379,1400]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. pulchra</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1377,1452,1379,1400]" italics="true" pageId="47">pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[136,1452,1379,1429]" box="[136,1451,1407,1429]" pageId="47">
<keyLead box="[136,1451,1407,1429]" pageId="47">
- Petals 6, red-orange ......................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cavalcanti &amp; Graham" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1214,1451,1407,1429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Cuphea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pulchra" variety="corollata">
<emphasis box="[1214,1317,1407,1429]" italics="true" pageId="47">C. pulchra</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1364,1451,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="47">corollata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>