696 lines
72 KiB
XML
696 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="0713CF05BF2186611DA5834DFAF9AF93" ID-CLB-Dataset="24723" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563576" ID-ZooBank="0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538080228" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, David G., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. & Alpermann, Tilman J." docDate="2019" docId="A84F87BCFF87692FFF5AFA55FBC2F9AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4704.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4704 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Muraeninae Rafinesque 1815" docType="key" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="5476FFC4FF816927FFCDFF93FFC2FFDC" masterDocTitle="Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698772232398" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="974A29BF4C05FCB1F544B7F5FA87BB47" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="31A21EEE5EAC824D62FB5AD2774E7CE3">
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<mods:title id="1839DBD1BE8E87BE49E453013109961F">Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EEE61B631488DF0D635039DA4925401D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2554CC43F282F52C1E6BAF91194AF0EE">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FCD338C05694D035E67E8240299076B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8117F8DA6BC60447E3A78B614096CB7B">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="37CE04F1711D6E1CA600C994FE5F2240" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="85DE51FB3999630FF051CDD42FE6A374">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="55CCAE53FE89EDEDBDAD5B01C28E4333" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E4509D2429F87C81E46730B6BD55E594">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8C983EA0494516B0E9193FF5C6E47CAA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0178E1F9664DE8F58EE82C708966C221">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="79EDE8FF9865D443B42DC03637C90B7F">
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<mods:date id="514B4963E7CE7A1FCD5B6CA649892EC9">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="69DCC858AD19B783388CE537E9516A6C">2019-12-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="215A11745DA299D76F8B6633C3138F50">4704</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E4EFC9F277E7E3A6C9DF2BE8A5AE8070" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D999676AA8991065D3819941BE4F3758">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="598005B6E274B05690240FF6B9DD38D8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8DD1A2F2B8E8EB49C1347FFF37C473CB" type="CLB-Dataset">24723</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77312582965190ADCEA63A4B0DBB2AEB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F1294A33D466BCF956B78A218F0EAE73" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A84F87BCFF87692FFF5AFA55FBC2F9AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5933445" ID-GBIF-Taxon="204966499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5933445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFF87692FFF5AFA55FBC2F9AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A84F87BCFF87692FFF5AFA55FBC2F9AA" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF876921FF5AFA55FD5EFA3C" box="[151,668,1477,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AFA55FD5EFA3C" blockId="6.[151,668,1477,1504]" box="[151,668,1477,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="7B1181C6FF876921FF5AFA55FD5EFA3C" bold="true" box="[151,668,1477,1504]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF876921FF5AFA55FD5EFA3C" bold="true" box="[151,668,1477,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Key to the species of the
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<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF876921FE06FA55FDF3FA03" box="[459,561,1477,1504]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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morays.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF87692FFF5AF999FA5FFA40" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="key">
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<key id="5477619BFF87692FFF5AF999FA5FFA40" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF876921FF5AF999FA5EF9E1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF999FA5EF9FC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" box="[151,1436,1546,1568]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF999FA5EF9FC" box="[151,1436,1546,1568]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
1a. Dorsal and anal fins not confined to posterior end of body, origin of anal fin immediately behind anus... 2 (
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF876921FB3CF999FA54F9FC" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1265,1430,1546,1568]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Muraeninae">MURAENINAE</taxonomicName>
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)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF9B4FA5EF9E1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" box="[151,1436,1575,1597]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF9B4FA5EF9E1" box="[151,1436,1575,1597]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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1b. Dorsal and anal fins confined to posterior end of body, origin of anal fin well behind anus........ 31 (
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF876921FB0FF9B4FA54F9E1" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1925" box="[1218,1430,1575,1597]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Uropterygiinae">UROPTERYGIINAE</taxonomicName>
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)
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</keyLead>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF876921FF5AF9D6FA5EF96E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF9D6FA5EF9A4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF9D6FA5EF9A4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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2a. Anus well behind mid-length, preanal length
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<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF876921FD58F9D6FD34F987" box="[661,758,1605,1627]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.5559999999999996" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 in</quantity>
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TL; dorsal-fin origin behind gill opening; color dark brown to orangebrown, with numerous narrow pale yellowish or white bars on head and body; teeth molariform......
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF876921FB0DF9F1FA5EF9A4" ID-CoL="3HSV2" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1216,1436,1634,1656]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnomuraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zebra">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF876921FB0DF9F1FA5EF9A4" bold="true" box="[1216,1436,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gymnomuraena zebra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</keyLead>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF9ECFA5EF96E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF9ECFA5EF96E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
2b. Anus near mid-length, preanal length
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<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF876921FD83F9ECFD6DF949" box="[590,687,1663,1685]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.969" metricValueMax="7.366" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="2.35" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.9 in</quantity>
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TL; dorsal-fin origin before or above gill opening; teeth and color variable.. ................................................................................................... 3
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</keyLead>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</keyStep>
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||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF876921FF5AF929FA5EF8D7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF929FA5EF90C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" box="[151,1436,1722,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF929FA5EF90C" box="[151,1436,1722,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
3a. Teeth in jaws stout, some molariform, none long and needle-like; vomerine teeth molariform in 2–6 rows...... 4
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF876921FAF5F929FA5EF90C" bold="true" box="[1336,1436,1722,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
(
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF876921FA8DF929FA56F90C" ID-CoL="49FK" box="[1344,1428,1722,1744]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF876921FA8DF929FA56F90C" bold="true" box="[1344,1428,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Echidna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF944FA5EF8D7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF944FA5EF8D7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3b. Teeth in jaws moderate to slender, pointed, not molariform, some long and needle-like; vomerine teeth sharp to bluntly pointed ................................................................................................. 5</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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||
</keyStep>
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||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF876921FF5AF881FA5EF85C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF881FA5EF899" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF881FA5EF899" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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4a. Head length
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<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF876921FE96F881FE77F8F4" box="[347,437,1810,1832]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4257" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.0574" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="9.55" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.1">8.1–11 in</quantity>
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TL; maxillary teeth uniserial; vomerine teeth in 2 rows; color in adults light gray or white, finely flecked with black, with two longitudinal rows of snowflake-like black blotches containing yellow spots.............
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF876921FAEAF8A3FA5EF899" ID-CoL="6DVPX" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1319,1436,1839,1861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF876921FAEAF8A3FA5EF899" bold="true" box="[1319,1436,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. nebulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF8DEFA5EF85C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF8DEFA5EF85C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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4b. Head length
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<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF876921FE96F8DEFE7EF8BF" box="[347,444,1869,1891]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8541999999999998" metricValueMax="1.9812" metricValueMin="1.7271999999999998" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="7.3" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="6.8">6.8–7.8 in</quantity>
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TL; maxillary teeth biserial; vomerine teeth in 5–6 rows in adults; head and body with alternating broad dark brown and narrow white bars, obscure with growth.............................................
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF876921FAE5F8F9FA5EF85C" ID-CoL="6DVPQ" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[1320,1436,1898,1920]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyzona">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF876921FAE5F8F9FA5EF85C" bold="true" box="[1320,1436,1898,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E. polyzona</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</keyLead>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
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||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF876921FF5AF814FA5EF829" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF814FA5EF866" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF814FA5EF866" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
5a. Body slender, depth at anus
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||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF876921FE3AF814FD8FF841" box="[503,589,1927,1949]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.6002" metricValueMin="0.9398" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="50.0" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="37.0">37–63 in</quantity>
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||
TL; vertebrae 183–212; eye small, closer to tip of snout than to rictus; grayish brown, paler ventrally, the fins darker.............................................................
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF876921FB2FF837FA5EF866" ID-CoL="535MG" baseAuthorityName="Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[1250,1436,1956,1978]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Strophidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sathete">
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||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF876921FB2FF837FA5EF866" bold="true" box="[1250,1436,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Strophidon sathete</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</keyLead>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF876921FF5AF851FA5EF829" blockId="6.[151,1437,1546,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF876921FF5AF851FA5EF829" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
5b. Body moderately elongate to moderate, depth at anus
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<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF876921FD12F851FCF0F804" box="[735,818,1986,2008]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="24.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="11.0">11–37 in</quantity>
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TL; vertebrae 106–167; eye moderate, over middle of upper jaw; color variable........................................................................................ 6
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</keyLead>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
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||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFF0AFA5EFEDB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFF0AFA5EFF11" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFF0AFA5EFF11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
6a. Jaws strongly arched, meeting only at their tips, long fangs exposed when mouth closed; color plain brown...................................................................................................... 7
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FADDFF24FA5EFF11" bold="true" box="[1296,1436,182,205]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
(
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FAD5FF25FA56FF10" ID-CoL="4BGR" box="[1304,1428,182,204]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Enchelycore" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FAD5FF25FA56FF10" bold="true" box="[1304,1428,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Enchelycore</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFF47FA5EFEDB" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFF47FA5EFEDB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6b. Jaws usually not arched, closing completely and teeth not exposed when mouth is closed; if jaws arched, conspicuous markings present on body....................................................................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFE9CFA5EFEA0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFE9CFA5EFE9E" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFE9CFA5EFE9E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
7a. Preanal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FEB8FE9CFE1AFEF9" box="[373,472,271,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.223" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="2.45" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.6 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; predorsal length 6.0–
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FD17FE9CFCD3FEF9" box="[730,785,271,293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1082" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="8.3">8.3 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; vomerine teeth biserial, becoming uniserial posteriorly; tip of anterior nostril not flared, posterior nostril before eye; margin of median fins yellow..........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FA8EFEBFFA5EFE9E" ID-CoL="6F7TQ" baseAuthorityName="Schultz" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[1347,1436,300,322]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Enchelycore" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bayeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FA8EFEBFFA5EFE9E" bold="true" box="[1347,1436,300,322]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. bayeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFEDAFA5EFEA0" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFEDAFA5EFEA0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
7b. Preanal length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FE51FED9FE11FE83" box="[412,467,329,351]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="2.2">2.2 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; predorsal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FD69FEDAFD3CFE83" box="[676,766,329,351]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6035" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.413" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="10.25" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.5">9.5–11 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; vomerine teeth uniserial; tip of anterior nostril flared and funnellike, posterior nostril over eye; margin of median fins white...................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FB0DFEF4FA5EFEA0" ID-CoL="39NKD" authorityName=": Golani & Bogorodsky" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1216,1436,358,380]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Enchelycore" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schismatorhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FB0DFEF4FA5EFEA0" bold="true" box="[1216,1436,358,380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E. schismatorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFE17FA5EFE2E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFE17FA5FFE6B" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFE17FA5FFE6B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
8a. Posterior nostril long and tubular, its length almost half eye diameter; head anteriorly dark brown, the posterior half and anterior trunk mottled with whitish flecks with three longitudinal rows of large whitish blotches posteriorly.......
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FB35FE31FA5FFE6B" ID-CoL="44L3Q" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1272,1437,417,439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helena">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FB35FE31FA5FFE6B" bold="true" box="[1272,1437,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Muraena helena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFE2CFA5EFE2E" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFE2CFA5EFE2E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
8b. Posterior nostril not tubular, at most with a low rim much less than half eye diameter; color not as described above............................................................................................... 9
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FACEFE4FFA5EFE2E" bold="true" box="[1283,1436,476,498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FAC6FE4FFA56FE2E" ID-CoL="4RY8" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1795" box="[1291,1428,476,498]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FAC6FE4FFA56FE2E" bold="true" box="[1291,1428,476,498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gymnothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFE69FA5EFD95" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFE69FA5FFDF0" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFE69FA5FFDF0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
9a. Dorsal-fin origin above gill opening; vomerine teeth biserial, diverging anteriorly in large specimens; color highly variable, usually light tan or gray, usually finely speckled with small dark spots, often grouped to form irregular blotches....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FA89FD84FA5FFDF0" ID-CoL="3HVF4" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1348,1437,535,556]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FA89FD84FA5FFDF0" bold="true" box="[1348,1437,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFDA7FA5EFD95" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,564,586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFDA7FA5EFD95" box="[151,1436,564,586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9b. Dorsal-fin origin before gill opening; vomerine teeth in 1 or 2 rows; color not as described above..................... 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFDC1FA5EFD63" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFDC1FA5EFD7E" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFDC1FA5EFD7E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
10a. Intermaxillary teeth in 5 longitudinal rows, a median row and 2 lateral rows on each side; body mottled with pale and dark brown or pale grayish brown with about five longitudinal rows of small black spots superimposed anteriorly and with pale flecks posteriorly............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FAD2FD1FFA5EFD7E" ID-CoL="3HVB5" authorityName=": Goren & Dor" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1311,1436,652,674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buroensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FAD2FD1FFA5EFD7E" bold="true" box="[1311,1436,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. buroensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFD3AFA5EFD63" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,681,703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFD3AFA5EFD63" box="[151,1436,681,703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10b. Intermaxillary teeth in 3 longitudinal rows, a median row and 1 lateral row on each side; color not as described above.... 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFD54FA5EFD25" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFD54FA5EFD00" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,711,733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFD54FA5EFD00" box="[151,1436,711,733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11a. Color uniform or mainly uniform........................................................................ 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFD77FA5EFD25" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,740,762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFD77FA5EFD25" box="[151,1436,740,762]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11b. Color pattern barred, spotted, mottled or with irregular markings............................................... 18</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFC91FA5EFCE8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFC91FA5EFCCB" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,769,791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFC91FA5EFCCB" box="[151,1436,769,791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12a. Ground color pale yellowish to whitish gray............................................................... 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFC8CFA5EFCE8" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,799,821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFC8CFA5EFCE8" box="[151,1436,799,821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12b. Ground color brown to dark brown...................................................................... 14</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFCAFFA5EFC1B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFCAFFA5FFC50" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFCAFFA5FFC50" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
13a. Body moderately stout, depth at anus
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FD9CFCAFFD64FC8E" box="[593,678,828,850]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="6.604" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="15.0">15–26 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; maxillary teeth biserial, vomerine teeth biserial anteriorly; color pale yellowish or whitish gray, densely covered with irregular darker markings; head pores not in pale spots; sensory papillae on head and anterior body black, forming conspicuous lines; fins with inconspicuous light blue edge...................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FAF5FCE4FA5FFC50" ID-CoL="3HVCL" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[1336,1437,887,908]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FAF5FCE4FA5FFC50" bold="true" box="[1336,1437,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. griseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFC07FA5EFC1B" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFC07FA5EFC1B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
13b. Body slender, depth at anus
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FE22FC07FD81FC76" box="[495,579,916,938]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="7.874" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="34.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="31.0">31–37 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; maxillary and vomerine teeth uniserial; color uniform light tan or gray; head pores in pale spots; sensory papillae not black; fins with a conspicuous light blue edge (white in preservative)......
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FB32FC22FA5EFC1B" ID-CoL="3HVF2" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1279,1436,945,967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phasmatodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FB32FC22FA5EFC1B" bold="true" box="[1279,1436,945,967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. phasmatodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFC5CFA5EFB86" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFC5CFA5EFBC3" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFC5CFA5EFBC3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
14a. Predorsal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FE4BFC5CFE19FC39" box="[390,475,975,997]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 in</quantity>
|
||
TL, body elongate, depth at anus
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FCEBFC5CFCBEFC39" box="[806,892,975,997]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.493" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="6.35" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="29.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="25.0">25–34 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; vertebrae 143–152; teeth finely serrate on posterior edge; color light brown to tan, often white ventrally, head pores in white spots, fins with narrow pale edge......................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FB37FB9AFA5EFBC3" ID-CoL="6KVLC" baseAuthorityName="Weber & de Beaufort" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1274,1436,1033,1055]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FB37FB9AFA5EFBC3" bold="true" box="[1274,1436,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. angusticauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFBB4FA5EFB86" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFBB4FA5EFB86" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
14b. Predorsal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FE49FBB4FE1DFBE1" box="[388,479,1063,1085]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3622" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="1.6764" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="9.3" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.6">6.6–12 in</quantity>
|
||
TL, body not elongate, depth at anus
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FC84FBB4FC5CFBE1" box="[841,926,1063,1085]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; vertebrae 111–138; teeth smooth (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FA95FBB4FEC7FB85" ID-CoL="3HVF8" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1962" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pindae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FA95FBB4FEC7FB85" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. pindae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); color mainly uniform, head pores not in white spots.................................................... 15
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFBF2FA5EFB31" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFBF2FA5EFB6E" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFBF2FA5EFB6E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
15a. Maxillary teeth biserial, rows equal in length, those in outer row obtusely pointed; dentary teeth blade-like, in one row, except for several larger conical inner teeth anteriorly on each side; color brown, posterior one-fourth of body and fins yellow in smaller specimens, yellow color gradually disappears with growth..................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FB33FB0FFA5EFB6E" ID-CoL="3HVFL" authorityName="Bohlke" authorityYear="2000" box="[1278,1436,1180,1202]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoherrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FB33FB0FFA5EFB6E" bold="true" box="[1278,1436,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. pseudoherrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFB2AFA5EFB31" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFB2AFA5EFB31" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15b. Maxillary teeth uniserial or biserial, when biserial inner row shorter than outer, teeth conical or triangular in form; dentary teeth conical, triangular or retrorse; color not as described above................................................... 16</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFB67FA5EFA98" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFB67FA5FFAFB" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFB67FA5FFAFB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
16a. Teeth triangular, the large anterior ones in both jaws serrate; vertebrae 118–123; ground color uniform dark brown, with fine reticular pattern on body; tail and fins blackish posteriorly..............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FAF1FA82FA5FFAFB" ID-CoL="3HVF8" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1962" box="[1340,1437,1297,1319]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pindae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FAF1FA82FA5FFAFB" bold="true" box="[1340,1437,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. pindae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFABCFA5EFA98" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,1327,1349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFABCFA5EFA98" box="[151,1436,1327,1349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">16b. Teeth slender, conical, smooth; vertebrae 128–138; ground color uniform brown.................................. 17</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFADFFA5EFA28" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFADFFA5FFA40" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFADFFA5FFA40" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
17a. Preanal length usually 2.0 in TL; preanal vertebrae 58–61; vomerine teeth uniserial or slightly irregular; third median intermaxillary tooth distant from eye; third IO pore under or slightly ahead of anterior margin of eye; color uniform brown except lower jaw and ventral part of branchial area pale (pale yellow in life); head pores unmarked......................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FAEDFA14FA5FFA40" ID-CoL="3HVCN" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1312,1437,1414,1436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FAEDFA14FA5FFA40" bold="true" box="[1312,1437,1414,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFA37FA5EFA28" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFA37FA5EFA28" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
17b. Preanal length usually
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FE73FA37FE37FA66" box="[446,501,1444,1466]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="2.1">2.1 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; preanal vertebrae 55–57; vomerine teeth biserial in adults; third median intermaxillary tooth close to eye; third IO pore slightly behind anterior margin of eye; color uniform brown, lower jaw and ventral part of branchial area not pale; head pores with dark rim.........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FAC6FA4CFA5EFA28" ID-CoL="44L2W" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1291,1436,1503,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FAC6FA4CFA5EFA28" bold="true" box="[1291,1436,1503,1524]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AFA6FFA5EF9F3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AFA6FFA5EF9CD" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,1532,1554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AFA6FFA5EF9CD" box="[151,1436,1532,1554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18a. Body with dark bars or bar-like markings................................................................. 19</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AF98AFA5EF9F3" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,1561,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AF98AFA5EF9F3" box="[151,1436,1561,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18b. Body with spots or irregular markings.................................................................... 21</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AF9A4FA5EF95B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AF9A4FA5FF9B6" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AF9A4FA5FF9B6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
19a. Teeth smooth; light grayish brown with about 15–20 dark brown bars about as wide as pale interspaces, without superimposed markings; top of head yellow in life............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FADDF9C7FA5FF9B6" ID-CoL="6KVMF" baseAuthorityName="McClelland" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[1296,1437,1620,1642]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rueppelliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FADDF9C7FA5FF9B6" bold="true" box="[1296,1437,1620,1642]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. rueppelliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AF9E2FA5EF95B" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,1649,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AF9E2FA5EF95B" box="[151,1436,1649,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">19b. Teeth serrate; bars with superimposed small spots or irregular markings......................................... 20</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AF91CFA5EF8EB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AF91CFA5FF903" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AF91CFA5FF903" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
20a. Preanal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FEBCF91CFE10F979" box="[369,466,1679,1701]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="2.3" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.4 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; trunk with two rows of moderately large irregular brown spots superimposed with small spots on dorsal half and another row midventrally forming short bars posteriorly; markings on branchial region a series of simple spots...........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FAFDF95AFA5FF903" ID-CoL="3HVFX" authorityName="Smith & Bohlke" authorityYear="1997" box="[1328,1437,1737,1759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FAFDF95AFA5FF903" bold="true" box="[1328,1437,1737,1759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. randalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AF974FA5EF8EB" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AF974FA5EF8EB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
20b. Preanal length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF866920FE50F974FE16F921" box="[413,468,1767,1789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="2.2">2.2 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; body with 16-20 dark brown bars on ventral two-thirds of body, obscured dorsally by irregular, small spots, forming reticular pattern, dorsal and anal fins with short black bars; markings on branchial region forming horizontal lines...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FAD7F8B2FA5EF8EB" ID-CoL="3HVG4" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1795" box="[1306,1436,1825,1847]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FAD7F8B2FA5EF8EB" bold="true" box="[1306,1436,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. reticularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AF8ACFA5EF8AE" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AF8ACFA5EF888" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,1855,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AF8ACFA5EF888" box="[151,1436,1855,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">21a. Body with irregular markings........................................................................... 22</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AF8CFFA5EF8AE" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,1884,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AF8CFFA5EF8AE" box="[151,1436,1884,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">21b. Body with discrete pale or dark spots..................................................................... 25</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF866920FF5AF8E9FA5EF815" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AF8E9FA5EF870" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AF8E9FA5EF870" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
22a. Body yellow, densely mottled with dark brown, snout dark brown; a black blotch over gill opening; fins with a yellow or pale green margin posteriorly..................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF866920FB2FF804FA5EF870" ID-CoL="3HVC4" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1250,1436,1942,1964]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavimarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF866920FB2FF804FA5EF870" bold="true" box="[1250,1436,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. flavimarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF866920FF5AF827FA5EF815" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" box="[151,1436,1972,1994]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF866920FF5AF827FA5EF815" box="[151,1436,1972,1994]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">22b. Color with variable irregular pattern, margin of fins not yellow; no black blotch on gill opening...................... 23</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF86692FFF5AF841FA5EFF10" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF86692FFF5AF841FA5EFF73" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,2023]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF86692FFF5AF841FA5EFF73" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
23a. Body grayish with irregular dark markings, the lighter background often forming reticulations; head greenish-yellow in life..........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAD6FF0AFA5EFF73" ID-CoL="6L7MG" authorityName="sensu Randall & Golani" authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[1307,1436,153,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAD6FF0AFA5EFF73" bold="true" box="[1307,1436,153,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. undulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFF24FA5EFF10" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,183,205]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFF24FA5EFF10" box="[151,1436,183,205]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23b. Body brown with pale dendritic markings, never forming a reticulation; head not yellow............................ 24</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFF47FA5EFE9E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFF47FA5FFEDB" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFF47FA5FFEDB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
24a. Preanal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF89692FFEBFFF47FE11FF36" box="[370,467,212,234]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="2.3" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.4 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; vertebrae 123–128; pale markings irregular, those on tail forming oblique streaks dorsally........................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFB12FF62FA5FFEDB" bold="true" box="[1247,1437,241,263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFB12FF62FAA2FEDB" authority="Smith & Bogorodsky & Mal & Alpermann, 2019" authorityName="Smith & Bogorodsky & Mal & Alpermann" authorityYear="2019" box="[1247,1376,241,263]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pharaonis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFB12FF62FAA2FEDB" bold="true" box="[1247,1376,241,263]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. pharaonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="09A157C3FF89692FFAABFF61FA5FFEDB" box="[1382,1437,242,263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFE9CFA5EFE9E" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFE9CFA5EFE9E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
24b. Preanal length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF89692FFE56FE9CFE12FEF9" box="[411,464,271,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="2.1">2.1 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; vertebrae 137–142; pale markings as rosettes anteriorly, more discrete spots on tail, not drawn out into oblique bars dorsally.......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAE7FEBFFA5EFE9E" ID-CoL="6L7KZ" authorityName="Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder" authorityYear="2008" box="[1322,1436,300,322]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAE7FEBFFA5EFE9E" bold="true" box="[1322,1436,300,322]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFEDAFA5EFEA0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFEDAFA5EFE83" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,329,351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFEDAFA5EFE83" box="[151,1436,329,351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25a. Body with dark spots on light background................................................................. 26</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFEF4FA5EFEA0" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,359,381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFEF4FA5EFEA0" box="[151,1436,359,381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">25b. Body with light spots on dark background................................................................. 27</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFE17FA5EFE2E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFE17FA5FFE6A" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFE17FA5FFE6A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
26a. Body with small to moderate-size spots, not overlapping, sometimes forming larger blotches; gill opening in a black blotch............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAEDFE32FA5FFE6A" ID-CoL="3HVCW" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1312,1437,417,438]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAEDFE32FA5FFE6A" bold="true" box="[1312,1437,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. javanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFE2CFA5EFE2E" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFE2CFA5EFE2E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
26b. Head and body with moderate to large polygonal black spots separated by narrow white interspaces; gill opening not in a black blotch....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFADEFE4FFA5EFE2E" ID-CoL="3HVBZ" authorityName="Bloch & Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[1299,1436,476,498]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favagineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFADEFE4FFA5EFE2E" bold="true" box="[1299,1436,476,498]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. favagineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFE69FA5EFDBB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFE69FA5FFDF0" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFE69FA5FFDF0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
27a. Predorsal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF89692FFE4FFE69FE17FDD3" box="[386,469,505,527]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11–14 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; head and trunk with close-set pale spots as large as eye, becoming vertically elongate and bar-like posteriorly; gill opening in a black blotch..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAF9FD84FA5FFDF0" ID-CoL="3HVBQ" authorityName="Bliss" authorityYear="1883" box="[1332,1437,534,556]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAF9FD84FA5FFDF0" bold="true" box="[1332,1437,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFDA7FA5EFDBB" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFDA7FA5EFDBB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">27b. Predorsal length 6.6–11.0 in TL; spots somewhat uniformly round, not bar-like posteriorly; no black blotch on gill opening.. .................................................................................................. 28</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFDFCFA5EFD63" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFDFCFA5FFD7E" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFDFCFA5FFD7E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
28a. Body covered with white or bluish white spots, increasing in size posteriorly and becoming black-edged; gill opening and inside of mouth yellow in life..................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAD9FD1FFA5FFD7E" ID-CoL="6KVL2" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1300,1437,652,674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudivomer">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAD9FD1FFA5FFD7E" bold="true" box="[1300,1437,652,674]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. nudivomer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFD3AFA5EFD63" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,681,703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFD3AFA5EFD63" box="[151,1436,681,703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">28b. Body of adults with small round or irregular spots; gill opening and inside of mouth not yellow...................... 29</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFD54FA5EFCE8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFD54FA5EFD26" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFD54FA5EFD26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
29a. Preanal length 1.8–2.0 in TL; teeth serrate; vomerine teeth biserial or staggered; space between spots greater than spot diameter.....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFACBFD77FA5EFD26" ID-CoL="3HVDY" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1286,1436,740,762]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moluccensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFACBFD77FA5EFD26" bold="true" box="[1286,1436,740,762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. moluccensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFC92FA5EFCE8" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFC92FA5EFCE8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
29b. Preanal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF89692FFEBFFC91FE11FCCB" box="[370,467,769,791]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.715" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.334" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="2.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.4 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; teeth smooth; vomerine teeth uniserial; space between spots usually subequal to spot diameter. .................................................................................................. 30
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFCAFFA5EFCB3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFCAFFA5EFC8D" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,828,850]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFCAFFA5EFC8D" box="[151,1436,828,850]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
30a. Vertebrae 138–144; spots smaller, those on tail and dorsal fin posteriorly close-set, round...................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAD3FCAFFA5EFC8D" ID-CoL="3HVFV" authorityName="Bloch & Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[1310,1436,828,849]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAD3FCAFFA5EFC8D" bold="true" box="[1310,1436,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFCCAFA5EFCB3" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,857,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFCCAFA5EFCB3" box="[151,1436,857,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
30b. Vertebrae 131–140; spots larger, those on tail and dorsal fin posteriorly not close-set, those in dorsal fin elongate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAE5FCCAFA5EFCB3" ID-CoL="3HVCY" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1320,1436,857,879]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAE5FCCAFA5EFCB3" bold="true" box="[1320,1436,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. johnsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFCE4FA5EFC1B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFCE4FA5FFC50" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1437,887,909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFCE4FA5FFC50" box="[151,1437,887,909]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
31a. Anus well behind midlength, preanal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF89692FFD40FCE4FD2CFC51" box="[653,750,887,909]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; head and body with large brown spots........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFB23FCE4FA5FFC50" ID-CoL="4W366" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1262,1437,887,908]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Scuticaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFB23FCE4FA5FFC50" bold="true" box="[1262,1437,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Scuticaria tigrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFC07FA5EFC1B" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFC07FA5EFC1B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
31b. Anus near or before midlength, preanal length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF89692FFD04FC07FD3DFC76" box="[713,767,916,938]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="2.4">2.4 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; color uniform or with irregular markings (except spotted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFA83FC06FED8FC1A" ID-CoL="7DZ9N" baseAuthorityName="Regan" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Uropterygius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyspilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFA83FC06FED8FC1A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">U. polyspilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)................................................................................ 32
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAC6FC22FA5EFC1B" bold="true" box="[1291,1436,945,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFADEFC22FA56FC1A" ID-CoL="85BB" box="[1299,1428,945,966]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Uropterygius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFADEFC22FA56FC1A" bold="true" box="[1299,1428,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Uropterygius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFC5CFA5EFBDD" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFC5CFA5FFC38" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1437,974,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFC5CFA5FFC38" box="[151,1437,974,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
32a. Ground color tan to white, with rounded dark brown spots...........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAD1FC5CFA5FFC38" ID-CoL="7DZ9N" baseAuthorityName="Regan" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1308,1437,974,996]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Uropterygius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyspilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAD1FC5CFA5FFC38" bold="true" box="[1308,1437,974,996]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">U. polyspilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFC7FFA5EFBDD" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFC7FFA5EFBDD" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">32b. Head and body without spots........................................................................... 33</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFB99FA5EFBE0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFB99FA5EFBC3" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,1033,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFB99FA5EFBC3" box="[151,1436,1033,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
33a. Teeth in upper jaw uniserial, wedge-shaped; vertebrae 145–148; color uniform brown........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAF7FB99FA5EFBC3" ID-CoL="7DYZC" authorityName="McCosker & Smith" authorityYear="1997" box="[1338,1436,1033,1055]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Uropterygius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAF7FB99FA5EFBC3" bold="true" box="[1338,1436,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">U. golanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFBB4FA5EFBE0" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,1063,1085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFBB4FA5EFBE0" box="[151,1436,1063,1085]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">33b. Teeth in upper jaw conical, in more than one row; vertebrae 110–140; color variable............................... 34</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFBD7FA5EFBAB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFBD7FA5EFB85" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,1092,1114]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFBD7FA5EFB85" box="[151,1436,1092,1114]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
34a. Teeth in upper jaw in 4 rows, at least anteriorly; color uniform brown......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFA87FBD7FA5EFB85" ID-CoL="7DYZD" authorityName="Randall & Golani" authorityYear="1995" box="[1354,1436,1092,1113]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Uropterygius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genie">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFA87FBD7FA5EFB85" bold="true" box="[1354,1436,1092,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">U. genie</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFBF2FA5EFBAB" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,1121,1143]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFBF2FA5EFBAB" box="[151,1436,1121,1143]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">34b. Teeth in upper jaw in 2–3 rows; color variable............................................................. 35</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFBECFA5EFB13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFBECFA5FFB6D" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFBECFA5FFB6D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
35a. Teeth in upper jaw in 3 rows; 0–1 branchial pore; vertebrae 135–140; color tan with large, dendritic, vertically aligned dark brown markings............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAD1FB0FFA5FFB6D" ID-CoL="7DYXQ" authorityName="Hatooka" authorityYear="1984" box="[1308,1437,1180,1201]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Uropterygius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nagoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAD1FB0FFA5FFB6D" bold="true" box="[1308,1437,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">U. nagoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFB2AFA5EFB13" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,1209,1231]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFB2AFA5EFB13" box="[151,1436,1209,1231]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">35b. Teeth in upper jaw in 2 rows; 1 branchial pore; vertebrae 103–124; color variable................................. 36</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFB44FA5EFAFB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFB44FA5FFAD6" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFB44FA5FFAD6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
36a. Pre-anal fin vertebrae 109–118; color usually uniform brown, sometimes with irregular, indistinct pale markings; head pores in white spots.................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAE5FB67FA5FFAD6" ID-CoL="7DYYX" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1838" box="[1320,1437,1268,1290]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Uropterygius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="concolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAE5FB67FA5FFAD6" bold="true" box="[1320,1437,1268,1290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">U. concolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFA82FA5EFAFB" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" box="[151,1436,1297,1319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFA82FA5EFAFB" box="[151,1436,1297,1319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">36b. Pre-anal fin vertebrae 92–111; body with reticular or dendritic pattern; head pores not white......................... 37</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="9B122E0FFF89692FFF5AFABCFA5FFA40" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFABCFA5FFABE" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFABCFA5FFABE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
37a. Head large, the length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF89692FFE77FABCFDD8FA99" box="[442,538,1327,1349]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8542" metricValueMax="2.1082" metricValueMin="1.6001999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="7.3" valueMax="8.3" valueMin="6.3">6.3–8.3 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; color dark with complexly dendritic lighter blotches, not forming reticulations; gill opening below mid-side......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFB25FADFFA5FFABE" ID-CoL="7DYZF" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1256,1437,1356,1378]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Uropterygius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFB25FADFFA5FFABE" bold="true" box="[1256,1437,1356,1378]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">U. macrocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFAFAFA5FFA40" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<keyLead id="9B17959FFF89692FFF5AFAFAFA5FFA40" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
37b. Head moderate, the length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF89692FFE24FAF9FD89FAA3" box="[489,587,1385,1407]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.5146" metricValueMin="2.0574" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="9.9" valueMin="8.1">8.1–9.9 in</quantity>
|
||
TL; color light brown or gray with irregular dark brown lines on upper head and body, partly interconnected to form a fine reticulation; gill opening at mid-side..............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFAC5FA14FA5FFA40" ID-CoL="7DZ9R" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1288,1437,1415,1436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Uropterygius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="micropterus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFAC5FA14FA5FFA40" bold="true" box="[1288,1437,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">U. micropterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF89692FFF5AFA7CFDD4F9D5" box="[151,534,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AFA7CFDD4F9D5" blockId="8.[151,534,1519,1545]" box="[151,534,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="7B1181C6FF89692FFF5AFA7CFDD4F9D5" bold="true" box="[151,534,1519,1545]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFF5AFA7CFDD4F9D5" bold="true" box="[151,534,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
SUBFAMILY
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFE84FA7CFDD4F9D5" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[329,534,1519,1545]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Muraeninae">MURAENINAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF89692FFF5AF9A4FBC2F9AA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AF9A4FBC2F9AA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1591,1654]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFF5AF9A4FED0F98E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1591,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and anal fins not confined to posterior end of body; anal fin begins immediately behind anus. Most species with 2 branchial pores, some with 1 and a few with more than 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |