187 lines
20 KiB
XML
187 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5EEA2772BB9F351E6B3381662AF5EE3F">Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="317A3E329EE08347D486FF7EAC91815A">Granja-Fernandez, Rebeca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2797D3BBBCE5AECB2424FE1CD0057478">Herrero-Perezrul, Maria D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B39BC5A60D42E5D015ACCAD5F059D489">Lopez-Perez, Ramon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C5178CBDCA0DED8AAD4E8A88E2903D4">Hernandez, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AFA5FB0EABC198A5B73B445EDCCE5D6F">Rodriguez-Zaragoza, Fabian A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9654D22AB7810F09BD3DE5FB887E1DBC">Jones, Robert Wallace</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8A1F779A9D864C89BC19F26356C0FDF">Pineda-Lopez, Ruben</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0A95A9CCF4A01E205C7D50EA2345EFBE">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="21E575EB50C72A22F69B90660599F3E6">406</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="DBBB1CF220C7FE6AF1413194F691D61C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.406.6306</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BF6CFA23865BC3BD7C16E755DC99D1B7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A0EE2EE0D7493279156D0D0D4F5B5922" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.406.6306</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E551BCA1D3D80AC836368CC334E5C511" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-406-101</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9DE36DEA64F1E166488EAFD316A765D8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052817" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9DE36DEA64F1E166488EAFD316A765D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9DE36DEA64F1E166488EAFD316A765D8" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" scope_class="Ophiuroidea" scope_family="Ophiotrichidae" scope_phylum="Echinodermata">
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<subSubSection id="F3932D4999C9CBD9A1D2046C992FADCD" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="82F6BDCC29817DD0C55D66F375555D43" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
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<taxonomicName id="802ED4DFE4352F56F119DA50482D8C09" ID-CoL="74Q9M" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Ophiothela_mirabilis" authority="Verrill, 1867" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiothela mirabilis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Ophiothela mirabilis Verrill, 1867</taxonomicName>
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Figure 3
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<normalizedToken id="0645C02CC3CAC6DA9488D620B30EEC3D" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DF084D0256CA1350EE7A13AF3EAE21D4" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CCCBC7F10E79DCAE43D6C1E4DBEAB263" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="22E95CD351CBF68A4192EBF2BDA4AA2E" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Disk lobulated (dd = 1.3 to 4.3 mm) and totally covered by large, rounded and scattered grains of different sizes. Disk mostly covered by large radial shields which are in contact and covered by grains (Fig. 3D). The ventral side of the disk is covered by skin (Fig. 3E). Oral and adoral shields appear to be fused, forming a continuous ring; covered by skin. Oral papillae lacking. A cluster of rounded dental papillae; about 10-18 (Fig. 3F). Six rolled up arms. Dorsal arm plates concealed and covered by numerous rounded grains, there are naked spaces between plates (Fig. 3B). Ventral arm plates with rounded edges, separated by the lateral arm plates and covered with skin (Fig. 3C). Lateral arm plates well developed. Six arm spines provided with well-developed hooks at the tip; the third spine is the longest. Tentacle scales lacking. Color purplish-rosaceous; dorsal side of the disk mostly rosaceous with purplish arms (Fig. 3A), ventral side uniformly rosaceous (Fig. 3E).</paragraph>
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<caption id="E70E907631DD9C0E14AFA162952CFCC1" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
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<paragraph id="F0BF46A6EB7E47E5F6A9C268BFC190ED" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName id="A072A498593FD72BF4CDCE1C52710228" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiothela mirabilis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Ophiothela mirabilis</taxonomicName>
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. A dorsal view. Scale bar = 5 mm B dorsal view of the arm C ventral view of the arm D dorsal view of the disk E ventral view of the disk F jaw. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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<taxonomicName id="C455BA3C3A6E8C7667B6FE17256FB07B" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiactidae" genus="Ophiactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiactis savignyi" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="savignyi">Ophiactis savignyi</taxonomicName>
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G dorsal view. Scale bar = 5 mm H dorsal view of the arm I ventral view of the arm J dorsal view of the disk K ventral view of the disk L jaw. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FCC4F5474031FEE9008AC4EA3E2EC04" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="4A9F7168B08D497C0D53405865214911" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5CDD9F8A04067208243A20F3D46869CA" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">
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Mexico, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Brazil, Lesser Antilles (
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<bibRefCitation id="1C79B0EC78A078D508BF66EE6BFDCA71" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="41" pageNumber="142" pagination="251 - 322" title="Notes on the Echinoderms of Panama and West Coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species." volume="1" year="1867">Verrill 1867</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="6194D351A98BB9E7A1CB4E5D48D05D36" author="Neira, R" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="40" pageNumber="141" pagination="195 - 206" title="Composicion taxonomica y distribucion de las asociaciones de equinodermos en los ecosistemas litorales del Pacifico Colombiano." volume="53" year="2005">Neira and Cantera 2005</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A67B3E4DD0A4C27F7AEAA3221B86029E" author="Alvarado, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="36" pageNumber="137" pagination="45 - 56" title="Echinoderm (Echinodermata) diversity in the Pacific coast of Central America." url="10.1007/s12526-009-0032-5" volume="40" year="2010">Alvarado et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="78607856EC2460B1D938A5D0BBFD2B81" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="39" pageNumber="140" title="Epizoic Ophiothela brittle stars have invaded the Atlantic." url="10.1007/s00338-012-0936-6" volume="31" year="2012">Hendler et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In Mexico has been reported from the Gulf of California (Baja California Sur and Sinaloa), on the Pacific side of Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Jalisco,
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<normalizedToken id="15EE70F016E6B79DCEDE8846A14BF385" originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
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, Guerrero and Oaxaca (
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<bibRefCitation id="BDBC4AB2E13BFB09288325DBE4463198" author="Solis-Marin, FA" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="41" pageNumber="142" pagination="123 - 137" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Golfo de California, Mexico." volume="53" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken id="0E4B20A0D70BF7F4E06C70CF00C43D47" originalValue="Solís-Marín">Solis-Marin</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A774C132C0A05D4235A2CE1ED80C33A0" author="Honey-Escandon, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="39" pageNumber="140" pagination="57 - 73" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Pacifico Mexicano." volume="56" year="2008">
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<normalizedToken id="4C5378B821B8EF5A6314B8845D70AE52" originalValue="Honey-Escandón">Honey-Escandon</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="619FD2BF92186716EAFEE0B9FD798215" author="Granja-Fernandez, MR" journalOrPublisher="Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad" pageId="38" pageNumber="139" pagination="1320 - 1323" title="Nuevos registros de ofiuroideos (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) para localidades de Zihuatanejo (Guerrero) y Puerto Escondido (Oaxaca), Pacifico mexicano." volume="82" year="2011">
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<normalizedToken id="BD02DE7125EA455824CCF935E4C1A8BE" originalValue="Granja-Fernández">Granja-Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken id="9F81DDF2F502824017C57A290E87EF6B" originalValue="López-Pérez">Lopez-Perez</normalizedToken>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Depth 6 to 61 m (
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<bibRefCitation id="D9158FC54BEE4A208452DF3EAC82E97B" author="Maluf, LY" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Technical Reports" pageId="40" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 242" title="Composition and distribution of the Central Eastern Pacific Echinoderms." volume="2" year="1988">Maluf 1988</bibRefCitation>
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). In this study,
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<taxonomicName id="2A9DF368DB6343D06E9CDC31B9B6673C" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiothela mirabilis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Ophiothela mirabilis</taxonomicName>
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was collected on coral reefs from Jalisco,
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<normalizedToken id="B1C7BB38B717DB4F34BB8E49E89F8A0C" originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
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, Guerrero and Oaxaca, between depths of 4 and 26 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="90E1B492630D0078494672E681731624" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="13" pageNumber="114" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="E60CB3D3142B1467BD7DA2A378995F5E" pageId="13" pageNumber="114">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E1DE31747F2381A20BF0A2787ACBD19" pageId="14" pageNumber="115">
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<taxonomicName id="DEF0C42EBDC8348617A04076B56D9BB0" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiothela mirabilis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
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<pageBreakToken id="5AFADB282375AC6EADC14806E5E12676" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" start="start">Ophiothela</pageBreakToken>
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mirabilis
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</taxonomicName>
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was collected in gorgonians and sponges, but was more numerous and conspicuous in the former. We observed that
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<taxonomicName id="53BCB1884C4B2FD397F65934B2D60D06" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiothela mirabilis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Ophiothela mirabilis</taxonomicName>
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had a great variety of colors (purple rosaceous, creamy, burgundy and yellow) which were correlated with the color of the gorgonians upon which the brittle stars were collected. This color matching between
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<taxonomicName id="C8E34748BC3A467495A88117A2D28E34" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiothela" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Ophiothela</taxonomicName>
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and gorgonians also has been reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="99230EAF6BE45E642665D1A1437D558B" author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Micronesica" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" pagination="111 - 117" title="Tropical epizoic echinoderms and their distribution." volume="12" year="1976 a">Clark AM (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="59C3D003EA99CBB708AA2015EC79F860" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiothela mirabilis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Ophiothela mirabilis</taxonomicName>
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is always attached to the gorgonians rolling up their arms and with the help of their hooked spines of the arms. Specimens were found in three forms: specimens with six well-developed arms, with six arms, of which three were not well-developed or with only three arms. This is correlated with asexual reproduction by fission where the disk splits in two parts and each split disk regenerates the missing part (
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<bibRefCitation id="69DE1206434F463B36D78ED52FB51F7D" author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Micronesica" pageId="37" pageNumber="138" pagination="111 - 117" title="Tropical epizoic echinoderms and their distribution." volume="12" year="1976 a">Clark AM 1976a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9655E44B498B924E57655F7D3C30AA59" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="39" pageNumber="140" title="Epizoic Ophiothela brittle stars have invaded the Atlantic." url="10.1007/s00338-012-0936-6" volume="31" year="2012">Hendler et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
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<taxonomicName id="E3792860333D41C0D541CA58B82C58E8" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiotrichidae" genus="Ophiothela" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiothela mirabilis" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="14" pageNumber="115" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabilis">Ophiothela mirabilis</taxonomicName>
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has recently been found in emergent populations in the Atlantic and the Caribbean, where it may alter the appearance and ecology of the areas due to the high densities of the species (
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<bibRefCitation id="5167B6CCA493B9D11568D828D7DFC903" author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="39" pageNumber="140" title="Epizoic Ophiothela brittle stars have invaded the Atlantic." url="10.1007/s00338-012-0936-6" volume="31" year="2012">Hendler et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B01AFCDC92BDEB3B7EAD7B3CB58ED45C" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" type="collected material">
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<paragraph id="D82BF04CA2A6695748BC64E530249C0A" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
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<pageBreakToken id="DD4D75BDE8A5CD4E47485435D534CEAA" pageId="15" pageNumber="116" start="start">Collected</pageBreakToken>
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material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F7A97032E19926A2671DB169B7CF614" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">JALISCO:La Pajarera (55 specimens, gorgonian, 29/09/2010, ICML-UNAM 10300).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DFCF26452201D86ECD65D6B572CCD99E" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
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<normalizedToken id="05E93CC5DF4081DEE88D12A0ED14FABD" originalValue="MICHOACÁN">MICHOACAN</normalizedToken>
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:Isla
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<normalizedToken id="1528CD2C44D262A741F8CA2DE7BD5238" originalValue="Pájaros">Pajaros</normalizedToken>
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(1 specimen, 28/09/2010, ICML-UNAM 10289).
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE24AAF31987B90ADC251842EE6F41FF" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
GUERRERO:Morro del Cerro Colorado (35 specimens, gorgonian, 30/11/2010, ICML-UNAM 10361; 6 specimens, gorgonian, 4.5 m, 23/11/2011, ICML-UNAM 10481; 22 specimens, gorgonian, 5.5 m, 31/05/2012, ICML-UNAM 10561); Carey (3 specimens, gorgonian, 4 m, 23/11/2011, ICML-UNAM 10497); Zacatoso (7 specimens, gorgonian, 02/03/2009, ICML-UNAM 10175; 5 specimens, gorgonian, 9.1 m, 01/06/2012, ICML-UNAM 10576); El Chato (9 specimens, gorgonian, 13.7 m, 04/03/2009, ICML-UNAM 10186; 13 specimens, sponge, 04/03/2009, ICML-UNAM 10187); Caleta de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E5A9506D468F822054919408B040EF96" originalValue="Chón">Chon</normalizedToken>
|
||
(4 specimens, gorgonian, 03/03/2009, ICML-UNAM 10181); Manzanillo (3 specimens, sponge, 05/03/2009, ICML-UNAM 10190; 2 specimens, gorgonian, 6 m, 22/11/2011, ICML-UNAM 10467); Morros de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="57E94A265CD062E785EEB8E2BD96F8A8" originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
|
||
(24 specimens, gorgonian, 06/03/2009, ICML-UNAM 10197; 24 specimens, gorgonian, 06/03/2009, ICML-UNAM 10198; 159 specimens, gorgonian,, 03/12/2010, ICML-UNAM 10395); Palmitas (44 specimens, gorgonian, 6.4 m, 20/11/2011, ICML-UNAM 10452), El Ripial (46 specimens, gorgonian, 20/11/2011, ICML-UNAM 10461).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4453B58E45781D5F798EFB038F01ABB8" pageId="15" pageNumber="116">
|
||
OAXACA:El Zapatito (3 specimens, sponge, 23/04/2009, ICML-UNAM 10222); Punto de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F0DB3197BF992345BA07CCCED7FFD7E1" originalValue="Presión">Presion</normalizedToken>
|
||
(30 specimens, sponge, 26 m, 22/04/2009, ICML-UNAM 10207); El Faro (14 specimens, gorgonian, 21.3 m, 22/04/2009, ICML-UNAM 10212); La Mina (10 specimens, gorgonian, 19/02/2009, MHN 005-4319); San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5C8107D05A83EC593C4E2676E674CD8" originalValue="Agustín">Agustin</normalizedToken>
|
||
(92 specimens, gorgonian, 16/04/2008, MHN 005-4345);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EED7C9BBE17B20DB3EC50C465441DC5C" originalValue="Órgano">Organo</normalizedToken>
|
||
(4 specimens, gorgonian, 08/08/2011, ICML-UNAM 10429); Manzanilla (1 specimen, gorgonian, 03/12/2008, MHN 005-4316); Copalita (26 specimens, gorgonian, 9.1 m, 18/05/2012, ICML-UNAM 10530).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |