255 lines
29 KiB
XML
255 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="0B9B7AF7C7AA53E77EAD022554FC5FB2" ID-CLB-Dataset="298626" ID-DOI="10.21307/jofnem-2021-005" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4606d1e1-90a4-43ba-b844-6b29fd6b6d10" ID-ISSN="2640-396X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11644613" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1718309170472" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Denham, Allie N., Hughes, Malorri R., Dowler, Robert C., Negovetich, Nicholas J. & Ammerman, Loren K." docDate="2021" docId="AE158783A3264827FCFFF9FF6182F96A" docLanguage="en" docName="JNematol.53.1.005.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Nematology 53 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-005" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DDD1F39569878942AA8312288C6178BF.1:JNematol.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="DDD1F39569878942AA8312288C6178BF" docStyleName="JNematol.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum Petrov 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="522CFFFBA3254823FFC9FFE66515FFBB" masterDocTitle="Genetic variation within a species of parasitic nematode, Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum, in skunks" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1718727717974" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A664560211DF13B7AE9FDB5877C5AA63">Genetic variation within a species of parasitic nematode, Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum, in skunks</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="12670777E21E481BE33253E24D668AA6">Denham, Allie N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="41F3402C8A49E98988A54A1F81D2A83C">Department of Biology, Angelo State University, 2601 W. Ave N, San Angelo, Texas, 76909.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E4AE024E455B65592D0B247526805949" type="email">adenham1@angelo.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="76E1D7DD59608DCCDF364F86F9ECD9AF">Hughes, Malorri R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B32D9480853C4334B4313465796EA88">Department of Biology, Portland State University, 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, Oregon, 97201.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="7EE57316DB7FABD0A6A814BD3A79B2FA">Dowler, Robert C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5133A31CCB30D9BBF288528A9555C83B">Department of Biology, Angelo State University, 2601 W. Ave N, San Angelo, Texas, 76909.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FA9D420F0C3D17DB7BA93099E8703F14">Negovetich, Nicholas J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FEFB6CF3A64867924B9A26344A6B5DFB">Department of Biology, Angelo State University, 2601 W. Ave N, San Angelo, Texas, 76909.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CEDAC6DDC2280CD1554F8C6953BE135F">Ammerman, Loren K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5470B8BFDD35067210B39A378ED81D80">Department of Biology, Angelo State University, 2601 W. Ave N, San Angelo, Texas, 76909.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="71BCA3B6AE332A508F18E810C79E4177">Journal of Nematology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="38F39C1F807BEF66413C858B3C976971">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="17BBA73140BA5F1C2AA32AF2C7DCC3DF">53</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8E49B79146E7EC1771A7967106518E0A" type="DOI">10.21307/jofnem-2021-005</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AE158783A3264827FCFFF9FF6182F96A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12098762" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233221431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12098762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE158783A3264827FCFFF9FF6182F96A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE158783A3264827FCFFF9FF6182F96A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="6EA6651EA3264820FCFFF9FF66A7F980" box="[822,946,1561,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="26033695A3264820FCFFF9FF66A7F980" blockId="3.[822,946,1561,1595]" box="[822,946,1561,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="7D4B81F9A3264820FCFFF9FF66A7F980" bold="true" box="[822,946,1561,1595]" fontSize="14" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3264820FCFFF9FF66A7F980" authority="Petrov, 1927" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[822,946,1561,1595]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chitwoodorum">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3264820FCFFF9FF66A7F980" bold="true" box="[822,946,1561,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Results</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6EA6651EA3264827FCFFF9B16182F96A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="26033695A3264827FCFFF9B1669EFE8A" blockId="3.[821,1437,1623,1904]" lastBlockId="4.[805,1423,184,1745]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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No significant pattern was seen between amplification of COI and correlation to purity ratio and/or concentration of template DNA. COI sequences were obtained from 39 samples of
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3264820FB54F9516027F96B" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[1181,1330,1719,1744]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3264820FB54F9516027F96B" box="[1181,1330,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Skrjabingylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<specimenCount id="30BAFD1CA3264820FAB6F9516641F94B" count="38" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">
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38
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3264820FCFFF93166A8F94B" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[822,957,1751,1776]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Mephitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mephitis">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3264820FCFFF93166A8F94B" box="[822,957,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. mephitis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</specimenCount>
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hosts and 1
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3264820FB97F931601EF94B" box="[1118,1291,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. p. interrupta</emphasis>
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host, representing areas of
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<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3264820FC33F911612FF8AB" box="[1018,1082,1783,1808]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Texas</collectingRegion>
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(33),
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<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3264820FBB7F91161FBF8AB" box="[1150,1262,1783,1808]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">New York</collectingRegion>
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(3), and
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<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3264820FA90F9116693F88B" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
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(2). Maximum likelihood analysis of the fragment of COI composed of 492 base pairs recovered three distinct lineages:
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3264820FC30F8B1617CF8CB" authorityName="Bagenanow and Petrov" authorityYear="1941" box="[1017,1129,1879,1904]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petrowi">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3264820FC30F8B1617CF8CB" box="[1017,1129,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. petrowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3264820FBB1F8B161E6F8CB" authorityName="Leukart" authorityYear="1842" box="[1144,1267,1879,1904]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nasicola">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3264820FBB1F8B161E6F8CB" box="[1144,1267,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. nasicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and a lineage comprising all
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FE82FF5E6702FF6A" authority="Petrov, 1927" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[331,535,184,209]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chitwoodorum">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FE82FF5E6702FF6A" box="[331,535,184,209]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. chitwoodorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="BE872A10A3214827FDE5FF5E6766FF6A" box="[556,627,184,209]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[311,382,1466,1491]" captionTargetBox="[152,764,447,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-81@4.[151,765,445,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3: Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of 492 base pair fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene for 44 samples of SKrjabingylus. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using the best-fitting model, Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano of DNA substitution with Gamma distribution. Bootstrap values are based on 1000 replicates and values ≥70 are shown on branches. Number with prefix ASK identifies the specific host from which the sample was collected. Prefix KP is a Genbank accession number." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11644619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11644619/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Bootstrap analysis results using 1,000 replicates supported a distinct lineage of
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FE62FF1E6769FEAA" authority="Petrov, 1927" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[427,636,248,273]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chitwoodorum">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FE62FF1E6769FEAA" box="[427,636,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. chitwoodorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that was divergent from the other two species of
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FDAAFEFE67E3FE8A" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[611,758,280,305]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FDAAFEFE67E3FE8A" box="[611,758,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Skrjabingylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Among all three species, 125 polymorphic sites were documented.
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FEFEFEBE676CFECA" box="[311,633,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FEFEFEBE64D9FECA" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[311,460,344,369]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Skrjabingylus</taxonomicName>
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chitwoodorum
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</emphasis>
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was 14.7% divergent from the outgroup taxon
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FB11FF5E6046FF6A" authorityName="Bagenanow and Petrov" authorityYear="1941" box="[1240,1363,184,209]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petrowi">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FB11FF5E6046FF6A" box="[1240,1363,184,209]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. petrowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and 14.4% divergent from
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FBEEFF3E61B9FF4A" box="[1063,1196,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FBEEFF3E61BDFF4A" authorityName="Leukart" authorityYear="1842" box="[1063,1192,216,241]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nasicola">S. nasicola</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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A 15.9% difference was observed between
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FB82FF1E61D8FEAA" authorityName="Leukart" authorityYear="1842" box="[1099,1229,248,273]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nasicola">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FB82FF1E61D8FEAA" box="[1099,1229,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. nasicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FADDFF1E6098FEAA" authorityName="Bagenanow and Petrov" authorityYear="1941" box="[1300,1421,248,273]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petrowi">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FADDFF1E6098FEAA" box="[1300,1421,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. petrowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<tableCitation id="6B3E032EA3214827FCE4FEFE6669FE8A" box="[813,892,280,305]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[166,248,195,225]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,389,682]" captionText="Table 1. Average Kimura-2 parameter distance among outgroup taxa SkrjabingyluS naSiCOla and SkrjabingyluS petrOWi and populations of SkrjabingyluS ChitWOODOrum from MephitiS mephitiS in various states based on 492 bases of COI." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72C3661DA3204826FF6FFF256180FE97" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="72C3661DA3204826FF6FFF256180FE97">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26033695A3214827FC84FEDE609EFB6A" blockId="4.[805,1423,184,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Within
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<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FC69FEDE6178FEEA" authority="Petrov, 1927" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[928,1133,312,337]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chitwoodorum">
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<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FC69FEDE6178FEEA" box="[928,1133,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. chitwoodorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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samples, there was no obvious pattern of close geographic relationships other than a branch of four out-of-state samples, three from
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<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FC67FE7E6133FE0A" box="[942,1062,408,433]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and one from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FB2DFE7E609FFE0A" box="[1252,1418,408,433]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
, that were placed at the base of the tree and had bootstrap support of 70% (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BE872A10A3214827FBB3FE3E61D7FE4A" box="[1146,1218,472,497]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[311,382,1466,1491]" captionTargetBox="[152,764,447,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-81@4.[151,765,445,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3: Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of 492 base pair fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene for 44 samples of SKrjabingylus. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed using the best-fitting model, Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano of DNA substitution with Gamma distribution. Bootstrap values are based on 1000 replicates and values ≥70 are shown on branches. Number with prefix ASK identifies the specific host from which the sample was collected. Prefix KP is a Genbank accession number." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11644619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11644619/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FCEEFE1E66F8FDAA" authority="Petrov, 1927" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[807,1005,504,529]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chitwoodorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FCEEFE1E66F8FDAA" box="[807,1005,504,529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. chitwoodorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FBE5FE1E6183FDAA" box="[1068,1174,504,529]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Spilogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FBE5FE1E6183FDAA" box="[1068,1174,504,529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spilogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FB6AFE1E61C3FDAA" box="[1187,1238,504,529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
11870) collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FC88FDFE66F5FD8A" box="[833,992,536,561]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
clustered closely with other samples collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FC13FDDE6176FDEA" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[986,1123,568,593]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Mephitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mephitis">
|
||
<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FC13FDDE6176FDEA" box="[986,1123,568,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. mephitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the other two samples from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FC14FDBE6191FDCA" box="[989,1156,600,625]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
striped skunks were sister taxa (supported by a 93% bootstrap value) and clustered with a sinus worm from Sutton County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FCEEFD5E6678FD6A" box="[807,877,696,721]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
. For the most part, among the samples from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FCEEFD3E667CFD4A" box="[807,873,728,753]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
there were no well-supported lineages that linked samples from the same county of collection. In total, 58 polymorphic sites occurred within the 39
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FCEEFCDE66F8FCEA" authority="Petrov, 1927" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[807,1005,824,849]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chitwoodorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FCEEFCDE66F8FCEA" box="[807,1005,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. chitwoodorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples included in this study, 20 of which were parsimony-informative and 38 that were singleton sites. The overall average variation within the 33
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FCB1FC7E66AFFC0A" box="[888,954,920,945]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
samples was 1.00% genetic divergence (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6B3E032EA3214827FCE4FC5E669CFC6A" box="[813,905,952,977]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[166,248,195,225]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,389,682]" captionText="Table 1. Average Kimura-2 parameter distance among outgroup taxa SkrjabingyluS naSiCOla and SkrjabingyluS petrOWi and populations of SkrjabingyluS ChitWOODOrum from MephitiS mephitiS in various states based on 492 bases of COI." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72C3661DA3204826FF6FFF256180FE97" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="72C3661DA3204826FF6FFF256180FE97">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The genetic diversity slightly increased when the six out-of-state samples were added into the analysis, showing a 1.29% average divergence. The highest divergence within
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FB69FBFE61F7FB8A" box="[1184,1250,1048,1073]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
samples was 3.78% between Fannin (
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FB85FBDE6194FBEA" box="[1100,1153,1080,1105]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
13296) and Williamson (
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FCE4FBBE6674FBCA" box="[813,865,1112,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
9784) counties. When comparing
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FB2AFBBE6030FBCA" box="[1251,1317,1112,1137]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
samples to the six out-of-state samples, the highest variation was 5.24% between Fannin (
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FB43FB7E61AAFB0A" box="[1162,1215,1176,1201]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
13296) County in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FCEEFB5E667CFB6A" box="[807,873,1208,1233]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Brule (
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FC24FB5E6134FB6A" box="[1005,1057,1208,1233]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
14311) County in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FB2CFB5E6092FB6A" box="[1253,1415,1208,1233]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="26033695A3214827FC84FB3E6182F96A" blockId="4.[805,1423,184,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
In total, there were 22 COI haplotypes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FCEEFB1E66FAFAAA" authority="Petrov, 1927" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[807,1007,1272,1297]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chitwoodorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FCEEFB1E66FAFAAA" box="[807,1007,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. chitwoodorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with three haplotypes being shared by two or more samples (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BE872A10A3214827FBA2FAFE61A4FA8A" box="[1131,1201,1304,1329]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[327,398,1490,1515]" captionTargetBox="[295,1309,852,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-269@5.[293,1311,850,1458]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4: Median joining network showing the relationships among haplotypes of 44 samples of SKrjabingylus ChitWOOdOrum from hosts Mephitis mephitis and SpilOgale putOrius interrupta using COI mtDNA. Sizes of solid black circles correlate to shared haplotypes among multiple counties. Small open circles represent hypothetical haplotypes and ticks on branches represent number of mutational steps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11644621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11644621/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Bell County (
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FCE4FADE6674FAEA" box="[813,865,1336,1361]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
13294) haplotype was the most common and was shared with 10 other samples. Bailey County (
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FCE4FA9E6676FA2A" box="[813,867,1400,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
9931) shared a haplotype with five other samples from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FCA1FA7E66BFFA0A" box="[872,938,1432,1457]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
(additional details available in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="422D4B64A3214827FAEAFA7E6670FA6A" author="Denham, A. N." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref4702" refString="Denham, A. N. 2020. Genetic variation within a species of parasitic nematode, SKrjabingylus ChitWOOdOrum, in skunks. Undergraduate Honors Thesis, Biology, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX." type="book" year="2020">Denham, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Interestingly, the one sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FB3CFA5E6098FA6A" authorityName="Petrov" authorityYear="1927" box="[1269,1421,1464,1489]" class="Chromadorea" family="Metastrongylidae" genus="Skrjabingylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FB3CFA5E6098FA6A" box="[1269,1421,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Skrjabingylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the host species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1BC4D16A3214827FB87FA3E61ADFA4A" box="[1102,1208,1496,1521]" class="Mammalia" family="Mephitidae" genus="Spilogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14C8EA87A3214827FB87FA3E61ADFA4A" box="[1102,1208,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spilogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Brule County (
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FCE4FA1E6675F9AA" box="[813,864,1528,1553]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
11870) of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FC28FA1E619CF9AA" box="[993,1161,1528,1553]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
shared a haplotype with two other counties, Clinton and Franklin County in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E478F877A3214827FC8EF9DE66AFF9EA" box="[839,954,1592,1617]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FC02F9DE66EBF9EA" box="[971,1022,1592,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
12134 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FB4DF9DE61ACF9EA" box="[1156,1209,1592,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
12130). Nucleotide diversity, represented by π, was 3.06×
|
||
<superScript id="D1C99BDDA3214827FB28F9BE6012F9DE" attach="right" box="[1249,1287,1623,1649]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">106</superScript>
|
||
. Mutational steps ranged between one to seven changes with the highest occurring between Travis County (
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FAD0F97E6058F90A" box="[1305,1357,1688,1713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
9750) and Fannin County (
|
||
<collectionCode id="40ADAE50A3214827FBC6F95E6150F96A" box="[1039,1093,1720,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ASK</collectionCode>
|
||
13295).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |