553 lines
68 KiB
XML
553 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="01093F60DE6F6D275823D9E2EFF0570A" ID-CLB-Dataset="3150" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="897f5389-ea77-46a9-8b5a-f390d6591873" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748929" ID-ZooBank="EC787C66-5CE6-4332-9DEE-A2703C7FC422" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638424612213" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Karmakar, Tarun, Lepcha, Sonam Wangchuk, Basu, Dipendra Nath & Kunte, Krushnamegh" docDate="2021" docId="964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5072.4.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5072 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zographetus dzonguensis Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="377" masterDocId="6A7CFFBB7476C508FFE6E706AF068172" masterDocTitle="A new species of Zographetus Watson, 1893 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Sikkim, eastern Himalaya, India" masterLastPageNumber="379" masterPageNumber="373" pageNumber="374" updateTime="1699471706117" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="9D6E8A804320C8E89695AB2B41BCB17D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B14FF124F84E06AF0CAEA27BE2D4FC29">
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<mods:title id="8E1BB3CF47F22EC8F548D344C1806500">A new species of Zographetus Watson, 1893 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Sikkim, eastern Himalaya, India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BC5EAFE5E874177FE9EE6022FA1FAB21" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="38E28839140A164CC0F1A7648B664A8D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="70840B3A556C4496665936EE9C629391">Karmakar, Tarun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F207E38C910411E105E799E75C693C1C">National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 065, India & Indian Foundation for Butterflies, Bangalore 560 097, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D6C3B2063B4A92C41B2380B56924F3BE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E9B6C03ECC5BC6D9F5EAA81EE6C99EE7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6F98F3CE173AF49314DED029DF148DB9">Lepcha, Sonam Wangchuk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3394D4652BFEFF4A64C1FD80E2ACB905">Indian Foundation for Butterflies, Bangalore 560 097, India & Noom Panang village, under Passingdang Saffo GPU, P / O Sangkalang, Upper Dzongu, North Sikkim District, Sikkim 737116, India https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9085 - 4891</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="ABF60667A24FE7F6D564C6F66C553346">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="507A8CBD0FFDE415A63AA8DF5BB1AEEB">Basu, Dipendra Nath</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D9B103549590993261A09A647FB1A8AE">National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 065, India & Indian Foundation for Butterflies, Bangalore 560 097, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3107675F90D86667C7FA8852B3BB6507">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="32BCF245CB2D40CFB8FECF66DE504A5C">Kunte, Krushnamegh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="03F6C1D2BA1762A93E848877D0C468BE">National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 065, India & Indian Foundation for Butterflies, Bangalore 560 097, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="538A910744B145C37EE8B1A072F6BF07">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6041812DCF66B3773852274B2CF7A6B7">
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<mods:date id="6C2C024B02B3CEAB79161628DBD193BF">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="452362BAFDC5EDDA9F5BCEBDD477EEA1">2021-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="33E06029A1EFDD9C8B8224E85DF1B3EC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5749852" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190875773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5749852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
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<subSubSection id="56F6655E7477C509FF71E418AC99824B" box="[151,927,798,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1E5336D57477C509FF71E418AC99824B" blockId="1.[151,927,798,861]" box="[151,927,798,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
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<heading id="451B81B97477C509FF71E418AC99824B" bold="true" box="[151,927,798,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FF71E418AC99824B" bold="true" box="[151,927,798,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
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<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567477C509FF71E418AECA824B" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,460,798,825]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FF71E418AECA824B" bold="true" box="[151,460,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Zographetus dzonguensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7477C509FE35E419AD37824B" box="[467,561,799,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Kunte, Karmakar & Lepcha
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56F6655E7477C509FF71E445AE14822F" box="[151,274,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1E5336D57477C509FF71E445AE14822F" blockId="1.[151,927,798,861]" box="[151,274,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
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(
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<figureCitation id="86D72A507477C509FF79E445AE0F822F" box="[159,265,835,861]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1388,1412]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1689,1713]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1230,1254]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,421,1355]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1430,345,1207]" captionTargetId-0="figure-104@2.[151,1436,378,1361]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetId-2="figure-107@4.[158,1430,345,1207]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Type specimens of Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. A millimetre scale is at the bottom." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of paratypes of Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. A. lateral view of genital capsule, B. valva, C. aedeagus, D. dorsal view of genital capsule, E. ventral view of genital capsule, F. juxta. In IBC-BM770, ‘A’ shows the outside of the right valve, and ‘B’ shows inside of the left valve (left valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed). In IBC-BM772, ‘A’ shows inside of the left valve, and ‘B’ shows outside of the right valve (right valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. in life.All individuals were photographed at Namprikdang playground, Dzongu, North Sikkim District, Sikkim, India in August-September 2020 and 2021. Photographs © Sonam Wangchuk Lepcha." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748931" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748933" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748935" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5748931/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5748933/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5748935/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Figs. 1‒3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56F6655E7477C509FF71E482AA848504" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1E5336D57477C509FF71E482AFEE855C" blockId="1.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
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<materialsCitation id="AE843C887477C509FF71E482AFEE855C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413094301" collectingDate="2021-09-03" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" elevation="870" latitude="27.518402" location="Voucher" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sikkim" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FF71E482AE6F82EC" bold="true" box="[151,361,900,926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
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<typeStatus id="C15788777477C509FF71E482AE0282EC" box="[151,260,900,926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="86D72A507477C509FEF5E482AE5182EC" box="[275,343,900,926]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1388,1412]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,421,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[151,1436,378,1361]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Type specimens of Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. A millimetre scale is at the bottom." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748931/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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<location id="1B33600E7477C509FE89E482AECA82EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B:1B33600E7477C509FE89E482AECA82EC" box="[367,460,900,926]" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" latitude="27.518402" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" name="Voucher" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" stateProvince="Sikkim">Voucher</location>
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code IBC-BM771.
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<specimenCount id="08EAFD5C7477C509FD4FE483ADC782ED" box="[681,705,901,927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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.
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<location id="1B33600E7477C509FD2DE482ADF182EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B:1B33600E7477C509FD2DE482ADF182EC" box="[715,759,900,926]" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" latitude="27.518402" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" name="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" stateProvince="Sikkim">The</location>
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type locality is
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<location id="1B33600E7477C509FC4EE482AB9182EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B:1B33600E7477C509FC4EE482AB9182EC" box="[936,1175,900,926]" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" latitude="27.518402" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" name="Namprikdang village" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" stateProvince="Sikkim">Namprikdang village</location>
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,
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<location id="1B33600E7477C509FB44E482ABE582EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B:1B33600E7477C509FB44E482ABE582EC" box="[1186,1251,900,926]" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" latitude="27.518402" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" name="North" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" stateProvince="Sikkim">North</location>
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<collectingRegion id="DC28F8377477C509FB0CE482AA9E82EC" box="[1258,1432,900,926]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Sikkim District</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="DC28F8377477C509FF71E4AEAFED82B0" box="[151,235,936,962]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="66FB76457477C509FF13E4AEAE2982B0" box="[245,303,936,962]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="7BD850127477C509FEDBE4AEAEBF82B1" box="[317,441,936,963]" degrees="27.518403" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" precision="1" value="27.518402">27.518403</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7BD850127477C509FE25E4AEAD3982B1" box="[451,575,936,963]" degrees="88.531640" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" precision="1" value="88.53164">88.531640</geoCoordinate>
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||
). Approx.
|
||
<elevation id="95C1D1E67477C509FD54E4AEAC2682B0" box="[690,800,936,963]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" unit="m" value="870.0">
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<quantity id="D9149B307477C509FD54E4AEADFE82B1" box="[690,760,936,963]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</quantity>
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asl
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</elevation>
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||
. Collected by
|
||
<location id="1B33600E7477C509FC58E4AEABE782B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B:1B33600E7477C509FC58E4AEABE782B0" box="[958,1249,936,962]" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" latitude="27.518402" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" name="Sonam Wangchuk Lepcha" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" stateProvince="Sikkim">Sonam Wangchuk Lepcha</location>
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||
on
|
||
<date id="6A5210157477C509FAECE4AEAA9E82B0" box="[1290,1432,936,962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" value="2021-09-03">
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||
<collectingDate id="7A16E9FD7477C509FAECE4AEAA9E82B0" box="[1290,1432,936,962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" value="2021-09-03">3 Sept. 2021</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, with permission from the local
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||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FDEEE4CAAD7B8294" box="[520,637,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">panchayat</emphasis>
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||
(village council) and the
|
||
<location id="1B33600E7477C509FC49E4CBAB648295" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B:1B33600E7477C509FC49E4CBAB648295" box="[943,1122,972,999]" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" latitude="27.518402" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" name="Dept. of Forest" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" stateProvince="Sikkim">Dept. of Forest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="1B33600E7477C509FB97E4CAAA058294" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B:1B33600E7477C509FB97E4CAAA058294" box="[1137,1283,972,998]" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" latitude="27.518402" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" name="Environment" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" stateProvince="Sikkim">Environment</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="1B33600E7477C509FAA6E4CAAE2A8579" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:964587C37477C50CFF71E418AB00868B:1B33600E7477C509FAA6E4CAAE2A8579" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" latitude="27.518402" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" name="Wildlife Management" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" stateProvince="Sikkim">Wildlife Management</location>
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||
, Govt. of
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<collectingRegion id="DC28F8377477C509FE44E4F6AEF18578" box="[418,503,1008,1034]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="FE37ACAF7477C509FDE5E4F6AD778578" box="[515,625,1008,1034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Preserved</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
dry, pinned, deposited in the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="F7324E597477C509FC2EE4F6AA798578" box="[968,1407,1008,1034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Biodiversity Lab Research Collections</collectingCounty>
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||
at NCBS.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57477C509FF21E33EAA848504" blockId="1.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AE843C887477C509FF21E33EACB48505" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413094302" collectionCode="BM" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" specimenCode="BM772" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FF21E33EAE4E8520" bold="true" box="[199,328,1080,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C15788777477C509FF21E33EAE458520" box="[199,323,1080,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Voucher codes IBC-BM770 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86D72A507477C509FD78E33EADE48520" box="[670,738,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1388,1412]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,421,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[151,1436,378,1361]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Type specimens of Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. A millimetre scale is at the bottom." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748931/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
, adult, pinned and preserved dry;
|
||
<figureCitation id="86D72A507477C509FB8BE33EABB48520" box="[1133,1202,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of paratypes of Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. A. lateral view of genital capsule, B. valva, C. aedeagus, D. dorsal view of genital capsule, E. ventral view of genital capsule, F. juxta. In IBC-BM770, ‘A’ shows the outside of the right valve, and ‘B’ shows inside of the left valve (left valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed). In IBC-BM772, ‘A’ shows inside of the left valve, and ‘B’ shows outside of the right valve (right valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748933/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, genitalia) and
|
||
<specimenCode id="4E4A9EAE7477C509FA82E33EAFEA8504" collectionCode="BM" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">IBC-BM772</specimenCode>
|
||
(preserved in 100% molecular-grade ethanol;
|
||
<figureCitation id="86D72A507477C509FD13E35AAC3E8504" box="[757,824,1116,1142]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of paratypes of Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. A. lateral view of genital capsule, B. valva, C. aedeagus, D. dorsal view of genital capsule, E. ventral view of genital capsule, F. juxta. In IBC-BM770, ‘A’ shows the outside of the right valve, and ‘B’ shows inside of the left valve (left valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed). In IBC-BM772, ‘A’ shows inside of the left valve, and ‘B’ shows outside of the right valve (right valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748933/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, genitalia)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="AE843C887477C509FC5AE35BAA798504" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413094303" box="[956,1407,1116,1143]" collectingDate="2021-09-03" country="India" county="Biodiversity Lab Research Collections" elevation="870" latitude="27.518402" location="Voucher" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="88.53164" municipality="Preserved" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sikkim" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="08EAFD5C7477C509FC5AE35BACD28505" box="[956,980,1117,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
. Collection data same as the holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56F6655E7477C50AFF21E386AEA38017" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="375" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57477C509FF21E386AB5B8590" blockId="1.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FF21E386ADC785E8" bold="true" box="[199,705,1152,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
|
||
Description of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="C15788777477C509FE09E386AD5085E8" box="[495,598,1152,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="86D72A507477C509FD81E386ADA985E8" box="[615,687,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1388,1412]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,421,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[151,1436,378,1361]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Type specimens of Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. A millimetre scale is at the bottom." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748931/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="D9149B307477C509FC71E386ACED85E9" box="[919,1003,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Length of antenna:
|
||
<quantity id="D9149B307477C509FB3DE386AA2485E9" box="[1243,1314,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head and thorax covered with yellow scales; abdomen ventrally ringed with yellow and black or dark brown, with the tip black. Legs yellow. Antennae black, with a pale midshaft, especially on the underside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57477C509FF21E3EAAE0984E4" blockId="1.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FF21E3EAAED38474" box="[199,469,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Dorsal side: Forewings</emphasis>
|
||
dark brown, covered sparsely in ochreous scales. A medium-sized white spot at the lower angle of the cell-end; a larger white spot in CuA1 just below the cell-end spot; and a narrower, more elongated white spot from near the origin of v. CuA
|
||
<quantity id="D9149B307477C509FD92E232AD9D843C" box="[628,667,1332,1358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
M3. These three spots are adjacent to each other, separated by dark veins. Another smaller white spot in M1. Pale orange-yellow hair tuft along the basal half of the dorsum.
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FAC5E25EAA9A8400" box="[1315,1436,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Hindwings</emphasis>
|
||
unmarked.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57477C509FF21E2A6AC5A87E0" blockId="1.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FF21E2A6AECF84C8" box="[199,457,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Ventral side: Forewing</emphasis>
|
||
dark brown, the basal 2/3
|
||
<superScript id="E9999B9D7477C509FD0BE2A6ADFD84DC" attach="left" box="[749,763,1440,1454]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">rd</superScript>
|
||
of costa and subapical area covered in bright yellow scales. The distal 1/3
|
||
<superScript id="E9999B9D7477C509FED0E2C2AE4284A0" attach="left" box="[310,324,1476,1490]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">rd</superScript>
|
||
of costa is narrowly chocolate brown, termen is more broadly bordered chocolate-brown. White spots around the cell similar to dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FD9AE2EEADEC8770" box="[636,746,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Hindwing</emphasis>
|
||
bright yellow. A large, irregular chocolate-brown spot at cellend. Two smaller chocolate-brown spots in the centre of spaces CuA1 and M3. An even smaller, obscure brown spot at the origin of v. Sc. Wing borders more broadly chocolate-brown at the tornus compared to that on the forewing, tapering towards apex. Cilia paler yellow. The pinned specimen has much of the yellow scales on forewing and those on hindwing costa lost during collection of the specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57477C509FF21E19AAFE48618" blockId="1.[151,1437,900,2043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FF21E19AACE287C4" bold="true" box="[199,996,1692,1718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C15788777477C509FE45E19AAD1D87C4" box="[419,539,1692,1718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, and intraspecific variation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86D72A507477C509FC94E19AACB087C4" box="[882,950,1692,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1388,1412]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,421,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[151,1436,378,1361]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Type specimens of Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. A millimetre scale is at the bottom." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748931/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="86D72A507477C509FC22E19AACD387C4" box="[964,981,1692,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1230,1254]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,345,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-107@4.[158,1430,345,1207]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. in life.All individuals were photographed at Namprikdang playground, Dzongu, North Sikkim District, Sikkim, India in August-September 2020 and 2021. Photographs © Sonam Wangchuk Lepcha." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748935/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">3</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<specimenCount id="08EAFD5C7477C509FBFBE19BABBF87C5" box="[1053,1209,1693,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
collected, and other specimens photographed in nature, were very similarly patterned to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C15788777477C509FC2DE1C6AB3787A8" box="[971,1073,1728,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The subtle variation was in the form of the size of chocolate-brown spots and borders on the underside: (a) on hindwing, chocolate-brown spots in spaces M3, CuA1 and, when present, in CuA2, being variable in size, (b) the size and shape of the chocolatebrown cell-end spot on hindwing, and (c) variation in the width of the chocolate-brown terminal margin on both the wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57477C50AFF21E072AEDA8033" blockId="1.[151,1437,900,2043]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="375" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FF21E072AE7D86FC" bold="true" box="[199,379,1908,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="C15788777477C509FE65E073AEF686FD" box="[387,496,1909,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(IBC-BM770 and IBC-BM772,
|
||
<figureCitation id="86D72A507477C509FC84E072ACA386FC" box="[866,933,1908,1934]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1689,1713]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-20@3.[151,1436,181,1665]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of paratypes of Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. A. lateral view of genital capsule, B. valva, C. aedeagus, D. dorsal view of genital capsule, E. ventral view of genital capsule, F. juxta. In IBC-BM770, ‘A’ shows the outside of the right valve, and ‘B’ shows inside of the left valve (left valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed). In IBC-BM772, ‘A’ shows inside of the left valve, and ‘B’ shows outside of the right valve (right valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748933/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
): Tegumen dorso-ventrally broad and dorsal outline almost flat. Uncus long, slender, and the narrow distal tip curved downward. Major sub-uncal processes are absent, which is a characteristic of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567477C509FD79E0BAAC2B86A4" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1893" box="[671,813,1980,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77477C509FD79E0BAAC2B86A4" box="[671,813,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="374">Zographetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Saccus is slender in the lateral view, and the rounded tip of saccus is gradually bent upward. Valva undulated along the dorsal margin, ending in a costal process. The costal process is triangular, and the rounded distal tip is produced upward above dorsal margin of corona in the lateral view. Corona is smooth and rounded at the distal and ventral edges, whereas the dorsal margin is serrated with a hump-shaped harpe near the inner margin. Aedeagus consists of a proximal subzonal sheath, which is narrow proximally and broad near the annulus. Subzonal sheath is almost 1.5× longer than the distal suprazonal sheath. Juxta is U-shaped and broad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57474C50AFF21E64DAEA38017" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,357]" box="[199,421,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF21E64DAE2E8017" bold="true" box="[199,296,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="4A93665D7474C50AFF71E26AABAC84F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748931" box="[151,1194,1387,1412]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748931/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" startId="2.[151,250,1388,1412]" targetBox="[151,1436,421,1355]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57474C50AFF71E26AABAC84F6" blockId="2.[151,1194,1387,1412]" box="[151,1194,1387,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF71E26AAE1584F6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1388,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Type specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFE3BE26DAC3984F6" bold="true" box="[477,831,1387,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFE3BE26DADEE84F1" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[477,744,1387,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFE3BE26DADEE84F1" bold="true" box="[477,744,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Zographetus dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7474C50AFD08E26AAC3984F6" box="[750,831,1388,1412]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A millimetre scale is at the bottom.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56F6655E7474C50CFF21E2B4AB7D8033" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57474C50AFF21E2B4AC2A87F2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1458,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF21E2B4AE4284BE" bold="true" box="[199,324,1458,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Externally,
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFE33E2B4ADF684BE" bold="true" box="[469,752,1458,1485]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFE33E2B4AD8084BF" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[469,646,1458,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFE33E2B4AD8084BF" bold="true" box="[469,646,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7474C50AFD74E2B4ADF684BE" box="[658,752,1458,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFC34E2B5AB3284BE" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[978,1076,1459,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFC34E2B5AB3284BE" box="[978,1076,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. pangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFB95E2B5AA1D84BE" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1139,1307,1458,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFB95E2B5AA1D84BE" box="[1139,1307,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The main differences are in the shape of the cell spot and spot in M3 on the forewing, and underside colouration of the hindwing. In
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFED4E2FCAD4B8766" bold="true" box="[306,589,1530,1557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFED4E2FCAEE78767" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[306,481,1530,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFED4E2FCAEE78767" bold="true" box="[306,481,1530,1557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7474C50AFE0CE2FCAD418766" box="[490,583,1530,1556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the spot at the base of space M3 is sharply pointed at the inner edge and conspicuously more elongated compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFD7AE119ADFF874A" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[668,761,1567,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFD7AE119ADFF874A" box="[668,761,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. pangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFCC8E119ACD6874A" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[814,976,1566,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFCC8E119ACD6874A" box="[814,976,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the forewing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFB50E119AA15874A" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1206,1299,1567,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFB50E119AA15874A" box="[1206,1299,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. pangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the spots at cell-end and in CuA1 are larger. On the underside of hindwing, all chocolate-brown spots are larger in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFAA6E145AA9A872E" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1344,1436,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFAA6E145AA9A872E" box="[1344,1436,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. pangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFF21E161AE6C87F2" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[199,362,1638,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF21E161AE6C87F2" box="[199,362,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared with
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFDF9E160AC2A87F2" bold="true" box="[543,812,1638,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFDF9E160ADCA87F3" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[543,716,1638,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFDF9E160ADCA87F3" bold="true" box="[543,716,1638,1665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7474C50AFD35E160AC2A87F2" box="[723,812,1638,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57474C50AFF21E18CAC3B8662" blockId="2.[151,1437,1458,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF21E18CAD5787D6" bold="true" box="[199,593,1674,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFF21E18CAEE987D7" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,495,1674,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF21E18CAEE987D7" bold="true" box="[199,495,1674,1701]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Zographetus dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7474C50AFE11E18CAD5787D6" box="[503,593,1674,1700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is easily distinguished from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFC25E18CAB0D87D6" box="[963,1035,1674,1700]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
|
||
congeners by largely bright yellow wings on the underside, with only narrow chocolate brown borders on both wings. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFB6EE1A9ABEC87BA" authorityName="de Niceville" authorityYear="1884" baseAuthorityName="de Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1160,1258,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Isoteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satwa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFB6EE1A9ABEC87BA" box="[1160,1258,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. satwa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFACEE1A9AA9387BA" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1320,1429,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogygia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFACEE1A9AA9387BA" box="[1320,1429,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. ogygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, underside of hindwing is much more heavily marked with chocolate-brown, with purple sheen (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFB35E1D5AA34879E" authorityName="de Niceville" authorityYear="1884" baseAuthorityName="de Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1235,1330,1747,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Isoteinon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satwa">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFB35E1D5AA34879E" box="[1235,1330,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. satwa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or spots (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFF47E1F1AE0C8662" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[161,266,1783,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogygia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF47E1F1AE0C8662" box="[161,266,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. ogygia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) on the outer half of the wing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A7D4B247474C50AFD8EE1F0AC368662" author="Kunte, K. & Sondhi, S. & Roy, P." box="[616,816,1782,1808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" refId="ref3457" refString="Kunte, K., Sondhi, S. & Roy, P. (2021) Butterflies of India. Version 3. 17. Indian Foundation for Butterflies. Available from: https: // www. ifoundbutterflies. org (accessed 30 November 2021)" type="url" year="2021">
|
||
Kunte
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFD53E1F1ADEB8662" box="[693,749,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57474C50AFF21E01CAE67869A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1458,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF21E01CAD4F8646" bold="true" box="[199,585,1818,1845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFF21E01CAEEB8647" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,493,1818,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF21E01CAEEB8647" bold="true" box="[199,493,1818,1845]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Zographetus dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7474C50AFE14E01CAD4F8646" box="[498,585,1818,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished based on the male genitalia from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFB8AE01DABCE8646" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1132,1224,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFB8AE01DABCE8646" box="[1132,1224,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. pangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFB1DE01DAA9A8646" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1275,1436,1818,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFB1DE01DAA9A8646" box="[1275,1436,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows: in
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFEDEE038AD4E862A" bold="true" box="[312,584,1854,1881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFEDEE038AEE0862B" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[312,486,1854,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFEDEE038AEE0862B" bold="true" box="[312,486,1854,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7474C50AFE08E038AD4E862A" box="[494,584,1854,1880]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, tegumen and uncus are almost equal in length, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFB09E039AA4B862A" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1263,1357,1855,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFB09E039AA4B862A" box="[1263,1357,1855,1880]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. pangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFA60E039AE1B860E" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFA60E039AE1B860E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
uncus is longer than the tegumen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A7D4B247474C50AFD4DE064AC5B860E" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Chen, L. S. & Zeng, L." box="[683,861,1890,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" pagination="296 - 302" refId="ref3246" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M., Chen, L. S. & Zeng, L. (2007) The genus Zographetus Watson (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in China, with the description of two new species. Entomological News, 118, 296 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 0013 - 872 X (2007) 118 [296: TGZWLH] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Fan
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFD39E065AC1E860E" box="[735,792,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal outline of tegumen is relatively flat in
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF71E080AEA286D2" bold="true" box="[151,420,1926,1953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFF71E080AE4286D3" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,324,1926,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFF71E080AE4286D3" bold="true" box="[151,324,1926,1953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7474C50AFEADE080AEA286D2" box="[331,420,1926,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, whereas it is prominently more convex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFC6EE081ACE086D2" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[904,998,1927,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFC6EE081ACE086D2" box="[904,998,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. pangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFBFAE081ABB986D2" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1052,1215,1926,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFBFAE081ABB986D2" box="[1052,1215,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the lateral view, vinculum is more acutely curved, and saccus is distinctly bent upward in
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFC37E0ACABE686B6" bold="true" box="[977,1248,1962,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567474C50AFC37E0ACAB7886B7" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[977,1150,1962,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77474C50AFC37E0ACAB7886B7" bold="true" box="[977,1150,1962,1989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="375">Z. dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7474C50AFB60E0ACABE686B6" box="[1158,1248,1962,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
compared to the other two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4A93665D7475C50BFF71E19FAD2B8633" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748933/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" startId="3.[151,250,1689,1713]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1665]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57475C50BFF71E19FAD2B8633" blockId="3.[151,1437,1688,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFF71E19FAE1287C3" bold="true" box="[151,276,1689,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of paratypes of
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFDB0E19EACDF87C3" bold="true" box="[598,985,1688,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567475C50BFDB0E19EAC6787C2" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[598,865,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFDB0E19EAC6787C2" bold="true" box="[598,865,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Zographetus dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7475C50BFC8EE19FACBC87C3" box="[872,954,1689,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of genital capsule,
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFAC7E19FAA3E87C3" bold="true" box="[1313,1336,1689,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">B.</emphasis>
|
||
valva,
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFA62E19FAA9A87C3" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1689,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">C.</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus,
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFEE6E1BBAE1E87A7" bold="true" box="[256,280,1725,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">D.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of genital capsule,
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFDB2E1BBAD6D87A7" bold="true" box="[596,619,1725,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">E.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of genital capsule,
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFC49E1BBACC487A7" bold="true" box="[943,962,1725,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">F.</emphasis>
|
||
juxta. In IBC-BM770, ‘A’ shows the outside of the right valve, and ‘B’ shows inside of the left valve (left valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed). In IBC-BM772, ‘A’ shows inside of the left valve, and ‘B’ shows outside of the right valve (right valve was separated from the genital capsule and then photographed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57475C50BFF21E069AD2C86DF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1903,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Absence of sub-uncal processes, and presence of distinct costal process and serrated dorsal margin of corona, are common in all the three species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57475C50CFF21E0B1AB7D8033" blockId="3.[151,1436,1903,2038]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">
|
||
The three taxa compared here,
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFDD3E0B1AC4B86A3" bold="true" box="[565,845,1975,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567475C50BFDD3E0B1ADE086A0" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[565,742,1975,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFDD3E0B1ADE086A0" bold="true" box="[565,742,1975,2002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Z. dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7475C50BFD16E0B1AC4B86A3" box="[752,845,1975,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567475C50BFCB9E0BEACC686A3" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[863,960,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFCB9E0BEACC686A3" box="[863,960,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Z. pangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567475C50BFC18E0BEABA386A3" authorityName="Fan & Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[1022,1189,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hainanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77475C50BFC18E0BEABA386A3" box="[1022,1189,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Z. hainanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have largely similar colouration, spotting pattern and the male genitalia. However, they are distinguished by subtle and constant differences, similar in degree to the previously described species in this group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A7D4B247472C50CFBC8E791ABE381C3" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Chen, L. S. & Zeng, L." box="[1070,1253,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" pagination="296 - 302" refId="ref3246" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M., Chen, L. S. & Zeng, L. (2007) The genus Zographetus Watson (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in China, with the description of two new species. Entomological News, 118, 296 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 0013 - 872 X (2007) 118 [296: TGZWLH] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Fan
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFB82E791AB9981C3" box="[1124,1183,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, these geographically non-overlapping taxa are nowhere common and therefore the collected series are limited, and the comparative molecular data are unavailable. Therefore, it is difficult at present to further comment on their systematic positions at species and subspecies levels. We have not yet been able to generate sufficient molecular data on the three species to resolve these matters, which should be taken up in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="4A93665D7472C50CFF71E3C8AA468478" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" startId="4.[151,250,1230,1254]" targetBox="[158,1430,345,1207]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57472C50CFF71E3C8AA468478" blockId="4.[151,1436,1230,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF71E3C8AD728595" bold="true" box="[151,628,1230,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
FIGURE 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567472C50CFEF1E3C8AD268594" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[279,544,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFEF1E3C8AD268594" bold="true" box="[279,544,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Zographetus dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7472C50CFDC3E3C9AD728595" box="[549,628,1231,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in life. All individuals were photographed at Namprikdang playground, Dzongu, North Sikkim District, Sikkim, India in August-September 2020 and 2021. Photographs © Sonam Wangchuk Lepcha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56F6655E7472C50CFF21E234AC9B84CA" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57472C50CFF21E234AB528402" blockId="4.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF21E234AE54843E" bold="true" box="[199,338,1330,1356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is named after the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C15788777472C50CFD0FE235AC1F843F" box="[745,793,1331,1357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of Dzongu in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC28F8377472C50CFBF1E234AB6A843E" box="[1047,1132,1330,1356]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||
. This is a stronghold of the Lepcha—the people of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC28F8377472C50CFE79E250AEF68402" box="[415,496,1366,1392]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||
—to whom the description of this species is dedicated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57472C50CFF21E27CAC9B84CA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF21E27CAEEC84E6" bold="true" box="[199,490,1402,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Proposed English name:</emphasis>
|
||
We propose the English name ‘Chocolate-bordered Flitter’ for this species based on the chocolate-coloured termens of both the wings on the ventral side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56F6655E7472C50CFF21E2C4AB00868B" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57472C50CFF21E2C4AC698756" blockId="4.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF21E2C4AE6584AE" bold="true" box="[199,355,1474,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is known so far only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C15788777472C50CFCAEE2C5AC7E84AF" box="[840,888,1475,1501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of Dzongu in North Sikkim District. We expect it to be more widely distributed in other parts of Sikkim and adjoining
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66FB76457472C50CFC10E2E0AB3A8772" box="[1014,1084,1510,1536]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern West Bengal,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66FB76457472C50CFAA2E2E0AA9E8772" box="[1348,1432,1510,1536]" name="Bhutan" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Arunachal Pradesh and south-eastern Tibet, at similar elevations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57472C50CFF21E128AC1D87C6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF21E128AD0D873A" bold="true" box="[199,523,1582,1608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Status, habitat, and habits:</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the current limited experience, the species appears to be very local and seasonal, occurring below
|
||
<quantity id="D9149B307472C50CFE59E154AD1C871F" box="[447,538,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
|
||
asl in mixed evergreen and semi-evergreen broad-leafed forests of North
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC28F8377472C50CFAADE154AFE987E2" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Sikkim District</collectingRegion>
|
||
. So far as known, it is active on sunny days from early morning to mid-day. It has largely been observed feeding on bird droppings in shaded stream-beds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86D72A507472C50CFD2EE19CAC0B87C6" box="[712,781,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1230,1254]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,345,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-107@4.[158,1430,345,1207]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov. in life.All individuals were photographed at Namprikdang playground, Dzongu, North Sikkim District, Sikkim, India in August-September 2020 and 2021. Photographs © Sonam Wangchuk Lepcha." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748935/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57472C50CFF21E1B8AE0B8652" blockId="4.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF21E1B8AE6A87AA" bold="true" box="[199,364,1726,1752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Flight period:</emphasis>
|
||
The first sightings of this species were in
|
||
<date id="6A5210157472C50CFCDFE1B8ACCA87AA" box="[825,972,1726,1752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" value="2016-08">August 2016</date>
|
||
. Recent sightings were from the last week of August to mid-September 2020 and 2021. Based on this limited information, the species appears to be univoltine in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DC28F8377472C50CFF52E000AE0F8652" box="[180,265,1798,1824]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57472C50CFF21E02CABDA86FE" blockId="4.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF21E02CAD6B8636" bold="true" box="[199,621,1834,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Larval host plants and early stages:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown. The only known larval host plant recorded for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567472C50CFB15E02CAA878636" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="1893" box="[1267,1409,1834,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFB15E02CAA878636" box="[1267,1409,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Zographetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66FB76457472C50CFF71E048AFD7861A" box="[151,209,1870,1896]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
appears to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567472C50CFE96E048ADD3861B" box="[368,725,1870,1897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Aganope" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thyrsiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFE96E048AD56861A" box="[368,592,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Aganope thyrsiflora</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567472C50CFCE0E048AFDA86FE" authority="ogygia (Hewitson, [1866]) (Nitin et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Hewitson" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ogygia" subSpecies="ogygia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFCE0E048AB3E861A" box="[774,1080,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Zographetus ogygia ogygia</emphasis>
|
||
(Hewitson, [1866]) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A7D4B247472C50CFAC5E048AFD286FE" author="Nitin, R. & Balakrishnan, V. C. & Churi, P. V. & Kalesh, S. & Prakash, S. & Kunte, K." pageId="4" pageNumber="377" pagination="11495 - 11550" refId="ref3534" refString="Nitin, R., Balakrishnan, V. C., Churi, P. V., Kalesh, S., Prakash, S. & Kunte, K. (2018) Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 10, 11495 - 11550. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 3104.10.4.11495 - 11550" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Nitin
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFA83E049AA9B861A" box="[1381,1437,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF01E077AD6886FE" bold="true" box="[231,622,1905,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567472C50CFF01E077AD0886FE" authority="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte, 2021" authorityName="Karmakar & Lepcha & Basu & Kunte" authorityYear="2021" box="[231,526,1905,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dzonguensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF01E077AD0886FE" bold="true" box="[231,526,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Zographetus dzonguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37AB57BC7472C50CFDF2E074AD6886FE" box="[532,622,1906,1932]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is expected to feed on related plant genera and species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57472C50CFF21E090AA3786C2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1330,2041]" box="[199,1329,1941,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFF21E090AE4586C2" bold="true" box="[199,323,1942,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Sympatric</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567472C50CFEADE093AD1486C3" authority=": We" authorityName="We" box="[331,530,1941,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFEADE093AEE086C2" bold="true" box="[331,486,1941,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFEADE093AEDB86C2" bold="true" box="[331,477,1941,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Zographetus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not yet seen any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9EC4D567472C50CFC21E090AB5386C2" box="[967,1109,1942,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zographetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2C98EAC77472C50CFC21E090AB5386C2" box="[967,1109,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">Zographetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C15788777472C50CFB46E091ABD686C3" box="[1184,1232,1943,1969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5336D57472C50CFF21E0BCAB00868B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">
|
||
As more information on this species accumulates, it will be made available on the species page of the Butterflies of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66FB76457472C50CFF50E0D8AFF6868A" box="[182,240,2014,2040]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="377">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
website (https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/zographetus-dzonguensis).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |