243 lines
22 KiB
XML
243 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.232.3625" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c4149823-0d8c-444d-9bfe-662dcfed261a" ID-PMC="PMC3494065" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-232-1" ID-PubMed="23226702" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-232-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 232" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the European species of Omphale Haliday (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)" checkinTime="1451248647925" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hansson, Christer & Shevtsova, Ekaterina" docDate="2012" docId="898F81C8257D5A98734127DB60BEF3C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 232: 1-157" docOrigin="ZooKeys 232" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.232.3625" docTitle="Omphale chryseis Graham" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="0F466847FFD3FFF2347FC24A7A7A413C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the European species of Omphale Haliday (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668154596491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the European species of Omphale Haliday (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hansson, Christer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shevtsova, Ekaterina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>232</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>157</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.232.3625</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.232.3625</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-232-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:898F81C8257D5A98734127DB60BEF3C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/898F81C8257D5A98734127DB60BEF3C5" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Omphale_chryseis" authority="Graham" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis Graham</taxonomicName>
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Figures 178-92482507540
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis</taxonomicName>
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Graham, 1963:255. Holotype female in OUMNH, examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="material">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Type material.Holotype female, type no. 1294 in OUMNH. Additional material. 826♀ 248♂: France 2♀ 2♂ (BMNH, RMNH), Germany 12♀
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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CH, LUZM, RMNH), Hungary 48♀ 1♂ (BMNH, CH), Netherlands 1♀ 2♂ (RMNH), Poland 1♀ 1♂ (BMNH), Romania 5♀ (BMNH, CH), Russia 2♂ (CH), Spain 1♂ (RMNH), Sweden 753♀ 238♂ (BMNH, CH, LUZM, NHRS), United Kingdom 4♀ 1♂ (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Legs with fore- and midcoxae predominantly pale and hind coxa predominantly metallic (Fig. 78), femora predominantly brown, tibiae yellowish brown and tarsi predominantly dark brown; female with gaster elongate, 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.1×">-2.1x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of mesosoma, and with 7th gastral tergite 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.2×">-4.2x</normalizedToken>
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(average= 1.6, n= 53) as long as width at base; female flagellomeres 1-4 ventrally with two sets of long setae, one attached subbasally and one attached medially or subapically (Fig. 86), male flagellomeres 1-4 each with a basal whorls of setae and with scattered setae apical to whorl (Fig. 90); male scape predominantly dark and metallic; female forewing with 5-12 (average= 7.5, n= 53) admarginal setae, male with 7-9 admarginal setae; head and thoracic dorsum usually bluish green metallic (Figs 79-82). Similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale salicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">Omphale salicis</taxonomicName>
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from which it can be distinguished through the colour of coxae - fore- and midcoxae pale and hind coxa dark in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis</taxonomicName>
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, all coxae dark in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale salicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">Omphale salicis</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis</taxonomicName>
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on average has a shorter 7th gastral tergite in female. These species can also be separated through their WIP in forewings:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis</taxonomicName>
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apical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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yellow and basal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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with wide bands in magenta, blue and yellow (Fig. 84),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale salicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">Omphale salicis</taxonomicName>
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has a narrow straight yellow line from stigmal vein to hind margin of wing separating an apical blue and a basal magenta area (Fig. 114).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Female. Length of body 1.4-2.1 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish white with apical ⅓ and entire dorsal edge dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long and 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 86); flagellomeres 1-4 ventrally with two sets of long setae, one attached subbasally and one attached medially or subapically; longitudinal sensilla on flagellomeres as long as flagellomere attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face bluish green metallic (Fig. 81), strigose (Fig. 87); clypeus bluish green metallic, smooth or with weak reticulation, semicircular to trapezoid, 1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as high; gena greenish blue metallic; lower frons bluish purple to bluish green metallic, with engraved rather strong reticulation; interscrobal area with engraved weak reticulation; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons bluish green metallic with engraved weak reticulation; vertex bluish green metallic, to golden green, with engraved very weak reticulation, partly smooth outside ocellar triangle (Fig. 88). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 88).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Mesoscutum bluish green metallic (Fig. 79) with or without purple metallic tinges, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 85), midlobe with two pairs of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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. Scutellum bluish green metallic (Fig. 79), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 85); 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forwards. Axillae bluish green metallic (Fig. 79). Dorsellum golden green (Fig. 79), smooth and convex (Fig. 85), 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, and 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum and propleuron bluish purple to bluish green metallic (Fig. 78); prepectus dark brown with bluish green metallic tinges; acropleuron
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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mesepisternum pale brown and shiny; mesepimeron golden green with blue metallic tinges; transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum bluish green metallic (Fig. 79), smooth (Fig. 85); propodeal callus with two setae. Fore- and midcoxae yellowish white with base pale brown (Fig. 78), hind coxa predominantly bluish green metal
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">lic</pageBreakToken>
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with purple tinges with apical part yellowish brown; femora predominantly pale brown to dark brown with apical part yellowish brown; tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi predominantly dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi with first tarsomere paler; midleg with first tarsomere 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins pale brown and setae dark brown (Fig. 83); speculum closed; admarginal setae 6-11, arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare and long, 2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of postmarginal vein; postmarginal vein 0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein long and slightly enlarged. Hind wing transparent, apex rounded (Fig. 83). Forewing WIP (Fig. 84) with apical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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yellow and basal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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with wide bands in magenta, blue and yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Petiole dark brown. Gaster dark brown, tergites 1 and 6 with bluish green metallic tinges, 2-5 with golden purple tinges, 7 with golden green tinges, smooth, elongate and 1.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.1×">-2.1x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of mesosoma; 7th tergite 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.3×">-0.3x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of gaster.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Male. Length of body 1.2-1.5 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna with scape dark brown with blue or green metallic tinges, with basal ⅓
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–¼">-1/4</normalizedToken>
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yellowish white; pedicel + flagellum 2.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres with scattered setae (Fig. 90); clava 1-segmented. Face bluish green to green metallic (Fig. 82); clypeus bluish green to green metallic, smooth, trapezoid (Fig. 91), 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as high; gena golden red to golden green; lower frons golden green to bluish green metallic, with engraved and strong reticulation; interscrobal area with weak reticulation; upper frons golden green to bluish green metallic; vertex golden green with red metallic tinges, with engraved weak reticulation (Fig. 92).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Axillae golden green (Fig. 80). Dorsellum bluish green metallic (Fig. 80), smooth or with weak reticulation and convex (Fig. 89), 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, and 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum and propleuron bluish green metallic; prepectus bluish green metallic; acropleuron and mesepisternum pale brown with metallic tinges; mesepimeron golden green. Midleg with first tarsomere 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of tarsus. Forewing admarginal setae 7-9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite bluish green metallic, remaining tergites dark brown to black with golden and green metallic tinges, smooth, 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.4×">-1.4x</normalizedToken>
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as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 482.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Figures 78-84.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis</taxonomicName>
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: 78 habitus in lateral view, female, length of specimen 1.9 mm 79 thoracic dorsum, female 80 thoracic dorsum, male 81 head in frontal view, female 82 head in frontal view, male 83 transparent wings, female 84 wing interference patterns, female.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Figures 85-92.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis</taxonomicName>
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: 85 thoracic dorsum, female 86 antenna, female 87 head in frontal view, female 88 vertex, female 89 thoracic dorsum, male 90 antenna, male 91 head in frontal view, male 92 vertex, male.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Host.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Contarinia medicaginis" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">Contarinia medicaginis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName family="Cecidomyiidae" lsidName="" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Tetrastichinae. Index of Entomophagous insects. Le Francois, Paris" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" title="Palearctic Eulophidae, excl." year="1968">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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and Askew 1968
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</bibRefCitation>
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) - endoparasite of larvae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kralovic, J" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="263 - 271" title="Bedeutung der Parasiten der Luzernebluetengallmuecke (Contarinia medicaginis Kieffer)." volume="19" year="1964">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Královič">Kralovic</normalizedToken>
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1964
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Czech Republic (
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<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Tetrastichinae. Index of Entomophagous insects. Le Francois, Paris" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" title="Palearctic Eulophidae, excl." year="1968">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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and Askew 1968
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</bibRefCitation>
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), France (
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<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Tetrastichinae. Index of Entomophagous insects. Le Francois, Paris" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" title="Palearctic Eulophidae, excl." year="1968">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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and Askew 1968
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</bibRefCitation>
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), Germany (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gijswijt, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin, Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" pagination="77 - 84" title="Notes on biology and distribution of the genus Omphale Haliday, 1833, with descriptions of two new species (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Eulophidae)." volume="5" year="1976">Gijswijt 1976</bibRefCitation>
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), Hungary (new record), Netherlands (new record), Poland (new record), Romania (new record), Russia (St. Petersburg area) (new record), Spain (new record), Sweden (
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<bibRefCitation author="Boucek, Z" journalOrPublisher="Tetrastichinae. Index of Entomophagous insects. Le Francois, Paris" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" title="Palearctic Eulophidae, excl." year="1968">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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and Askew 1968
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</bibRefCitation>
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), United Kingdom (
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<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWRdeV" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" pagination="167 - 275" title="Additions and corrections to the British list of Eulophidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), with descriptions of some new species." volume="15" year="1963">Graham 1963</bibRefCitation>
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) (Fig. 507).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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The description of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis</taxonomicName>
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was based on three female specimens and it is possible that these represent two different species.
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<bibRefCitation author="Graham, MWRdeV" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" pagination="167 - 275" title="Additions and corrections to the British list of Eulophidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), with descriptions of some new species." volume="15" year="1963">Graham (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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described the colour of coxae as "green, pale at apex, or fore- and midcoxae pale testaceous and dark at base only". We have only examined the holotype, not the paratypes, and the holotype has pale fore- and midcoxae, and a dark hind coxa, and this is how we interpret
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">Omphale</pageBreakToken>
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chryseis
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</taxonomicName>
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, of which we have examined over a thousand specimens - this species is easily collected when sweeping
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Medicago" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Medicago</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen(s) in the type series with all coxae green is probably
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale salicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">Omphale salicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a short gaster. Graham distinguished
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale salicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salicis">Omphale salicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly in the length of the female gaster (the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omphale chryseis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chryseis">Omphale chryseis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was unknown to Graham). As shown above, the length of female gaster in these two species is highly variable and cannot be trusted to separate them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |