treatments-xml/data/03/9B/87/039B87E8B75BFFA2C56ECD233B2FFE7A.xml

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<mods:title>Review of the genus Plateros Bourgeois (Coleoptera; Lycidae) from Sulawesi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Tvardik, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Bocak, Ladislav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2001</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2001-12-14</mods:number>
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<subSubSection box="[264,570,1329,1355]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[264,570,1329,1355]" box="[264,570,1329,1355]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading bold="true" box="[264,570,1329,1355]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Bourgeois, 1879" authorityName="Bourgeois" authorityYear="1879" box="[264,570,1329,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,570,1329,1355]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,363,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Plateros</emphasis>
Bourgeois,
<number box="[511,570,1329,1355]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1879.0">1879</number>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[264,583,1393,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="1.[264,583,1393,1416]" box="[264,583,1393,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName authority="Bourgeois, 1879: 19" authorityName="Bourgeois" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1879" box="[264,579,1393,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[264,353,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Plateros</emphasis>
Bourgeois,
<number box="[482,539,1393,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1879.0">1879</number>
:
<number box="[550,579,1393,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="19.0">19</number>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[264,1077,1457,1480]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[264,1077,1457,1480]" box="[264,1077,1457,1480]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<typeStatus box="[264,317,1457,1480]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName authority="Lucas, 1857" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1857" box="[415,771,1457,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis box="[415,634,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Plateros brasiliensis</emphasis>
Lucas,
<number box="[718,771,1457,1480]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1857.0">1857</number>
</taxonomicName>
(by subsequent designation)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[264,1324,1521,1867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis box="[264,383,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Antennomere
<number box="[564,579,1521,1547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="3.0">3</number>
broader and at least slightly longer than antennomere
<number box="[1214,1231,1521,1547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2.0">2</number>
, pronotum without carinae, median longitudinal line channelled basally, forming minute areola at posterior margin, each elytron with
<number box="[699,714,1601,1627]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="9.0">9</number>
weak longitudinal costae connected by transverse costae, male genitalia without paramerae, ovipositor short, length of valvifers similar to those of coxites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[264,1324,1521,1867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis box="[312,543,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
. Males and females differ mostly in the relative size of eyes, females having almost regularly eyes much smaller than interocular distance. If male antennae are serrate or flabellate, then female antennae are much slenderer, without or with minute antennomeral processes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis box="[312,455,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution</emphasis>
. Worldwide distributed genus, known from all zoogeographical regions and many oceanic islands, absent in
<collectingCountry box="[712,872,324,350]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and Hawaii. The highest diversity is known from tropical rain forests of the Oriental Region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis box="[312,406,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ecology</emphasis>
. The Sulawesi
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bourgeois" authorityYear="1879" box="[591,689,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[591,689,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Plateros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species were collected in the lower mountain forests in the west Toraja region (Mamasa valley) and on the northern slope of the Lompobatang massif in the southernmost tip of Sulawesi (elevations
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a. s. l.). Adults were slowly moving or sitting on leaves of shrubs and trees of the lower forest canopy stratum. They were only seldom flying during day light and usually were not disturbed even by shaking branches. Larvae of Sulawesi
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bourgeois" authorityYear="1879" box="[722,821,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[722,821,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Plateros</emphasis>
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are unknown, but the development in rotting wood is expected as in relative species in neighbouring regions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Lycids are protected from predators by the presence of several odour and bitter compounds (
<bibRefCitation author="Moore, B. P. &amp; Brown, W. V." box="[366,639,724,750]" firstAuthor="Moore" journalOrPublisher="Insect Biochemistry" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" pagination="493 - 499" part="15" refId="ref6387" refString="Moore, B. P. &amp; Brown, W. V. (1981) Identification of warning odour components, bitter principles and antifeedants in an aposematic beetle - Metriorrhynchus rhipidium (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Insect Biochemistry, 15, 493 - 499." title="Identification of warning odour components, bitter principles and antifeedants in an aposematic beetle - Metriorrhynchus rhipidium (Coleoptera: Lycidae)" type="journal article" year="1981">
Moore &amp; Brown
<number box="[577,639,724,750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1981.0">1981</number>
</bibRefCitation>
), and therefore they have a very strong tendency to form mimicry complexes. Unlike Sulawesi species,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bourgeois" authorityYear="1879" box="[849,947,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[849,947,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Plateros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other regions are often brightly coloured and their body is often wider. The Sulawesi species can be divided in two groups considering general appearance.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kleine" authorityYear="1933" box="[793,992,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidus">
<emphasis box="[793,992,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Plateros flavidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis box="[1008,1132,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. t o l i e n s i s</emphasis>
nom. n., and
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lalui" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[1301,1316,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[264,317,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">lalui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[325,387,884,910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are brightly yellow coloured and their body is slightly wider. They remind unrelated genera
<taxonomicName authority="Pic, 1930" authorityName="Pic" authorityYear="1930" box="[416,710,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Microtrichalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[416,591,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Microtrichalus</emphasis>
Pic,
<number box="[651,710,924,950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1930.0">1930</number>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kleine" authorityYear="1926" box="[726,951,924,950]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metriorrhynchinae">Metriorrhynchinae</taxonomicName>
, Trichalini),
<taxonomicName authority="Pic, 1926" authorityName="Pic" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Cautiromimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1103,1270,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cautiromimus</emphasis>
Pic,
<number box="[264,323,964,990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1926.0">1926</number>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kleine" authorityYear="1926" box="[337,546,964,990]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metriorrhynchini">Metriorrhynchini</taxonomicName>
), and undescribed genus of Lyropaeini (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leng &amp; Mutchler" authorityYear="1922" box="[1010,1167,964,990]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptolycinae">Leptolycinae</taxonomicName>
) occurring in the same area. The second group is characterised by the slender, black body. They remind in general appearance several syntopically occurring
<taxonomicName authority="Bocak, 1999" authorityName="Bocak" authorityYear="1999" box="[897,1205,1044,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Wakarumbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[897,1043,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Wakarumbia</emphasis>
Bocak,
<number box="[1146,1205,1044,1070]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kleine" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metriorrhynchinae">Metriorrhynchinae</taxonomicName>
, Hemiconderina),
<taxonomicName authority="Waterhouse, 1879" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1879" box="[628,985,1084,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Xylobanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[628,752,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Xylobanus</emphasis>
Waterhouse,
<number box="[924,985,1084,1110]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1879.0">1879</number>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authority="Waterhouse, 1879" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Broxylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1061,1164,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Broxylus</emphasis>
Waterhouse,
<number box="[264,323,1124,1150]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1879.0">1879</number>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kleine" authorityYear="1926" box="[341,550,1124,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Metriorrhynchini">Metriorrhynchini</taxonomicName>
). The silver pubescence well developed in most black Sulawesi
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bourgeois" authorityYear="1879" box="[264,362,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[264,362,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Plateros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to those in several species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bocak" authorityYear="1999" box="[868,1014,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Wakarumbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[868,1014,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Wakarumbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1879" box="[1083,1207,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Xylobanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1083,1207,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Xylobanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the same area. Such pubescence has not been found in lycids from other regions and its coevolution in unrelated groups of lycids shows possible selective pressure from predators.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis box="[313,625,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Species level relationships</emphasis>
. The Sulawesi
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bourgeois" authorityYear="1879" box="[810,909,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[810,909,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Plateros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are uniform in most external characters. We found variability in the shape of male genitalia (
<figureCitation box="[1079,1196,1324,1350]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1  10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13" captionStartId-0="4.[264,383,1831,1855]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,383,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox-0="[355,1246,605,1809]" captionTargetBox-1="[348,1240,494,1701]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[352,1252,603,1813]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[343,1242,494,1704]" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1  10: Male genitalia. 1  2: Plateros kalamensis sp. n.; 3  4: P. m a m a s e n s i s sp. n.; 5  6: P. milenae sp. n.; 7  8: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 9  10: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13: Male genitalia. 11: Plateros rubromamasensis sp. n.; 12  13: P. lalui sp. n.; 14  19: Male pronota. 14: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 15: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 16: P. milenae sp. n.; 17: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 18: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 19: P. tanatorajensis sp. n.; 20: Female antenna. 20: P. flavidus Kleine, 1933; 21  27: Male antennae. 21: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 22: P. lalui sp. n.; 23: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 24: P. milenae sp. n.; 25: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 26: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 27: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/155511/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/155512/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figs
<number box="[1141,1196,1324,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="7.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="1.0">113</number>
</figureCitation>
), shape of antennae (
<figureCitation box="[383,514,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[348,1240,494,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[343,1242,494,1704]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13: Male genitalia. 11: Plateros rubromamasensis sp. n.; 12  13: P. lalui sp. n.; 14  19: Male pronota. 14: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 15: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 16: P. milenae sp. n.; 17: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 18: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 19: P. tanatorajensis sp. n.; 20: Female antenna. 20: P. flavidus Kleine, 1933; 21  27: Male antennae. 21: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 22: P. lalui sp. n.; 23: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 24: P. milenae sp. n.; 25: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 26: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 27: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155512/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figs
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</figureCitation>
), and relative size of eyes. Male genitalia support closer relationships between
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[370,492,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milenae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[370,492,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. milenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[500,565,1404,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[578,815,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubromamasensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[578,815,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. rubromamasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[822,885,1404,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[943,1114,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mamasensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[943,1114,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. mamasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1122,1185,1404,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
They share the sclerotized plate in internal sac (
<figureCitation box="[690,792,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 1  10" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[355,1246,605,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[352,1252,603,1813]" captionText="FIGURES 1  10: Male genitalia. 1  2: Plateros kalamensis sp. n.; 3  4: P. m a m a s e n s i s sp. n.; 5  6: P. milenae sp. n.; 7  8: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 9  10: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155511/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figs
<number box="[751,766,1444,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="3.0">3</number>
6
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[805,836,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[348,1240,494,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[343,1242,494,1704]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13: Male genitalia. 11: Plateros rubromamasensis sp. n.; 12  13: P. lalui sp. n.; 14  19: Male pronota. 14: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 15: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 16: P. milenae sp. n.; 17: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 18: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 19: P. tanatorajensis sp. n.; 20: Female antenna. 20: P. flavidus Kleine, 1933; 21  27: Male antennae. 21: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 22: P. lalui sp. n.; 23: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 24: P. milenae sp. n.; 25: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 26: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 27: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155512/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">11</figureCitation>
). Additionally
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[1014,1252,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubromamasensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[1014,1252,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. rubromamasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1259,1322,1444,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[315,487,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mamasensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[315,487,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. mamasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[495,559,1484,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
posses a shallow groove in the dorsoapical part of phallus (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 1  10" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[355,1246,605,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[352,1252,603,1813]" captionText="FIGURES 1  10: Male genitalia. 1  2: Plateros kalamensis sp. n.; 3  4: P. m a m a s e n s i s sp. n.; 5  6: P. milenae sp. n.; 7  8: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 9  10: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155511/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[295,326,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[348,1240,494,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[343,1242,494,1704]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13: Male genitalia. 11: Plateros rubromamasensis sp. n.; 12  13: P. lalui sp. n.; 14  19: Male pronota. 14: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 15: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 16: P. milenae sp. n.; 17: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 18: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 19: P. tanatorajensis sp. n.; 20: Female antenna. 20: P. flavidus Kleine, 1933; 21  27: Male antennae. 21: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 22: P. lalui sp. n.; 23: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 24: P. milenae sp. n.; 25: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 26: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 27: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155512/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">11</figureCitation>
). On the other side, the antennomere
<number box="[774,789,1524,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="3.0">3</number>
of
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[830,953,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milenae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[830,953,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. milenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[962,1026,1524,1550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[1085,1322,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubromamasensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[1085,1322,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. rubromamasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[264,326,1564,1590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is very similar in shape (
<figureCitation box="[619,753,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[348,1240,494,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[343,1242,494,1704]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13: Male genitalia. 11: Plateros rubromamasensis sp. n.; 12  13: P. lalui sp. n.; 14  19: Male pronota. 14: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 15: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 16: P. milenae sp. n.; 17: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 18: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 19: P. tanatorajensis sp. n.; 20: Female antenna. 20: P. flavidus Kleine, 1933; 21  27: Male antennae. 21: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 22: P. lalui sp. n.; 23: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 24: P. milenae sp. n.; 25: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 26: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 27: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155512/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 24, 26</figureCitation>
) and differs from the serrate antennomere
<quantity box="[1250,1295,1564,1590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mamasensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. mamasensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[415,480,1604,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Both small and large eyes were found in this group. Already previous studies (e. g.
<bibRefCitation author="Bocakova, M." box="[426,627,1644,1670]" firstAuthor="Bocakova" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basilensia" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" pagination="165 - 200" part="20" refId="ref6252" refString="Bocakova, M. (1997 a) Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Melaneros Fairmaire, 1877 (Coleoptera, Lycidae) from New Guinea. Entomologica Basilensia, 20, 165 - 200." title="Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Melaneros Fairmaire, 1877 (Coleoptera, Lycidae) from New Guinea" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="a">
Bocakova
<number box="[552,613,1644,1670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1997.0">1997</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Bocakova, M." box="[641,657,1644,1670]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemiae" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" pagination="175 - 190" part="61" refId="ref6289" refString="Bocakova, M. (1997 b) Revision of the genus Melaneros from China with a note on Ditoneces (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemiae, 61, 175 - 190." title="Revision of the genus Melaneros from China with a note on Ditoneces (Coleoptera: Lycidae)" type="journal article" year="1997" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
) showed that eye size is variable within species groups and we expect that the eyes size is correlated with night flight activity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[312,471,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalamensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[312,471,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. kalamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[479,541,1724,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[599,754,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orobuensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[599,754,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. orobuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[762,825,1724,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
share very slender antennae with parallelsided antennomeres
<number box="[511,565,1764,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">310</number>
(
<figureCitation box="[584,720,1764,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[348,1240,494,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[343,1242,494,1704]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13: Male genitalia. 11: Plateros rubromamasensis sp. n.; 12  13: P. lalui sp. n.; 14  19: Male pronota. 14: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 15: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 16: P. milenae sp. n.; 17: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 18: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 19: P. tanatorajensis sp. n.; 20: Female antenna. 20: P. flavidus Kleine, 1933; 21  27: Male antennae. 21: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 22: P. lalui sp. n.; 23: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 24: P. milenae sp. n.; 25: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 26: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 27: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155512/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figs
<number box="[647,720,1764,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="23.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="21.0">2125</number>
</figureCitation>
). Their male genitalia are characteristic in a very slender phallus and membranous internal sac (
<figureCitation box="[808,925,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURES 1  10" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[355,1246,605,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[352,1252,603,1813]" captionText="FIGURES 1  10: Male genitalia. 1  2: Plateros kalamensis sp. n.; 3  4: P. m a m a s e n s i s sp. n.; 5  6: P. milenae sp. n.; 7  8: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 9  10: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155511/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figs
<number box="[868,925,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">710</number>
</figureCitation>
). The similar shape of the phallus is found in
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[397,594,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanatorajensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[397,594,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. tanatorajensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[601,666,1844,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which differs in acutely serrate antennae (
<figureCitation box="[1168,1256,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13" captionStartId="5.[264,383,1721,1745]" captionTargetBox="[348,1240,494,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[343,1242,494,1704]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 11  27. 11  13: Male genitalia. 11: Plateros rubromamasensis sp. n.; 12  13: P. lalui sp. n.; 14  19: Male pronota. 14: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 15: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 16: P. milenae sp. n.; 17: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 18: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 19: P. tanatorajensis sp. n.; 20: Female antenna. 20: P. flavidus Kleine, 1933; 21  27: Male antennae. 21: P. kalamensis sp. n.; 22: P. lalui sp. n.; 23: P. mamasensis sp. n.; 24: P. milenae sp. n.; 25: P. orobuensis sp. n.; 26: P. rubromamasensis sp. n.; 27: P. tanatorajensis sp. n. Scale 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155512/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Fig.
<number box="[1223,1256,1844,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="27.0">27</number>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[264,1324,284,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The males of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kleine" authorityYear="1933" box="[473,595,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidus">
<emphasis box="[473,595,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. flavidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[653,780,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toliensis" status="nom. n.">
<emphasis box="[653,780,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. toliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[787,876,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">nom. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are unknown and therefore their relationships with newly described species remain unclear. They differ in serrate female antennae from dark coloured species and from
<taxonomicName authority="Tvardik &amp; Bocak, 2001" authorityName="Tvardik &amp; Bocak" authorityYear="2001" box="[791,879,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lalui" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[791,879,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. lalui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[891,962,364,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which is the closest species considering body shape and colouration. The serrate female antennae are usually present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bourgeois" authorityYear="1879" box="[295,394,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Plateros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[295,394,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Plateros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with flabellate male antennae. Males are necessary for the clarification of the relationships and for accurate identification of these species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>