713 lines
90 KiB
XML
713 lines
90 KiB
XML
<document id="B0CC60EF7187890BA7B2FB7DB3F37A12" ID-CLB-Dataset="29804" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4442.1.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4c40c61-5a04-4db4-ab72-132cf13a1eb3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1301428" ID-ZooBank="DFBC1F04-D7A6-40A3-A83F-D26444CFB249" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1530293487722" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jiao, Ke-Long, Wang, Hao, Huang, Jun-Hao, Han, Pei-Jin, Zhang, Long-Wa, Jiao, Xue, Wu, Zhi-Hui, Zhang, Jing, Wang, Yuan-Hong, Bu, Wen-Jun & Kolesik, Peter" docDate="2018" docId="039B87D9646FFFA80CFBFB23F44CFE1C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4442.1.12.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4442 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Contarinia caryafloralis Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="192" masterDocId="FFA2FFA1646EFFAE0C6CFFBBF542FFE9" masterDocTitle="A new species of Contarinia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging inflorescence of Carya cathayensis (Juglandaceae) in China" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1698551701628" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4DC0ECCE62C9BC8610C3F2009FA83191">
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<mods:title id="14444152C45052FB9E1E086D6FE42AE7">A new species of Contarinia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) damaging inflorescence of Carya cathayensis (Juglandaceae) in China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E9F3FEC16BD21F108D12C2AB8A75805">Jiao, Ke-Long</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="81501A1BACDE627811E522B655711160">Wang, Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E1215C98606351E08FBB2A3B226AD08B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C41809DEC134A0B5C18EDBA7834B707E">Huang, Jun-Hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8D42DEF5DD7FE8FC32BBA4D9E98B96E">Han, Pei-Jin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A7F11103B0C657D8045DCF92C3AFBAAE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="41A9C5A6E7B5975FC4116DB1E7F00799">Zhang, Long-Wa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A42B05D5CEC8A4A3FF52F199BDFACB98">Jiao, Xue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C98606B2E352E3B0768C3888CC4699FE">Wu, Zhi-Hui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EBAF4AB3D015BC6357AFFEC4AF25CB34">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F855E733990A8D50FCA46538C856C43">Wang, Yuan-Hong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C00119302365E0A8AD2FC0121CD00AA">Bu, Wen-Jun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1E5DC89C33AA35A7206D455EC6B09530">Kolesik, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C550D41BB2E540FDDF5E5E24919C606B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FB4267E00CF958A0ADBFF7C6E511A3B2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="32D74FB5E3DF456288C2B6652068EC80">
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<mods:date id="31679E866D0AC2B759F668B515D18EE3">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ACEC5761B5D22AEC5C2FB85D65D347FB">2018-06-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="022DD3602339C6ECEDA0E377FA39B156">4442</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="73721FB9566BE197A31F66A9ED415E8F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C8EC785E0B3201594C5C411B9DEADED7" type="CLB-Dataset">29804</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AF1433345A6F37761B087776AEC8EDC7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4442.1.12</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039B87D9646FFFA80CFBFB23F44CFE1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5980316" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146043717" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5980316" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87D9646FFFA80CFBFB23F44CFE1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87D9646FFFA80CFBFB23F44CFE1C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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<subSubSection id="C3286544646FFFAF0CFBFB23F1E1FB11" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646FFFAF0CFBFB23F651FB5A" blockId="1.[151,1187,1176,1272]" box="[151,787,1176,1203]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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<heading id="D0C581A3646FFFAF0CFBFB23F651FB5A" bold="true" box="[151,787,1176,1203]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0CFBFB23F651FB5A" bold="true" box="[151,787,1176,1203]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0CFBFB23F7ECFB5A" ID-CoL="9HHTM" authority="Jiao, Bu & Kolesik" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,686,1176,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0CFBFB23F4F9FB5B" bold="true" box="[151,443,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Contarinia caryafloralis</emphasis>
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||
Jiao, Bu & Kolesik
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557A6646FFFAF0EDAFB22F651FB5A" box="[694,787,1177,1203]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646FFFAF0CFBFB07F1E1FB11" blockId="1.[151,1187,1176,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13092A4A646FFFAF0CF3FB07F452FB3C" box="[159,272,1212,1237]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6–12" captionStart-2="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,264,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox-0="[215,1331,229,1907]" captionTargetBox-1="[261,1307,204,1877]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1428,671,1675]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[196,1388,195,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[214,1371,193,1894]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1689]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–5. Contarinia caryafloralis. 1, 2, 4, 5: male; 3: female. (1) palpus, (2) 3rd flagellomere, (3) 3rd flagellomere, (4) wing, (5) front tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus." captionText-1="FIGURES 6–12. Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. 6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (6) terminalia in dorsal view, (7) terminalia in ventral view, (8) postabdomen in lateral view, (9) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (10) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (11) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (12) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 13–16. Infestation of Chinese Hickory by Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. (13) damaged female inflorescence, (14) mature larvae feeding within female flower (infested flower was cut open to reveal larvae), (15) damaged male inflorescences, (16) young larvae feeding on male flowers." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1301430/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1301434/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Figs 1–16</figureCitation>
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||
) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F95FE170-973E-40D6-B395-8C762ECFB3AB
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3286544646FFFAF0CFBFA9CF02CF9FE" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646FFFAF0CFBFA9CF4FCFA6E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1319,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5A3C92646FFFAF0CFBFA9CF4FCFA6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1852083896" collectingDate="2016-04-28" collectionCode="NKUM" country="China" county="Material" latitude="30.189165" location="Lin'an District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.758865" municipality="Hangzhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0CFBFA9CF424FAA9" bold="true" box="[151,358,1319,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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<collectingCounty id="62EC4E43646FFFAF0CFBFA9CF5BDFAA9" box="[151,255,1319,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Material</collectingCounty>
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studied
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</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="5489886D646FFFAF0D11FA9CF4A8FAA9" box="[381,490,1319,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0D11FA9CF4A8FAA9" bold="true" box="[381,490,1319,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Holotype</emphasis>
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||
</typeStatus>
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||
: male,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F325765F646FFFAF0E3CFA9CF7D4FAA9" box="[592,662,1319,1344]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49F6F82D646FFFAF0EC6FA9CF6C7FAA9" box="[682,901,1319,1344]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Zhejiang Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9ACB5646FFFAF0FF4FA9CF14CFAA9" box="[920,1038,1319,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Hangzhou</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
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||
<location id="8EED6014646FFFAF084EFA9CF196FAA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87D9646FFFA80CFBFB23F44CFE1C:8EED6014646FFFAF084EFA9CF196FAA9" box="[1058,1236,1319,1344]" country="China" county="Material" latitude="30.189165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.758865" municipality="Hangzhou" name="Lin'an District" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Zhejiang Province">Lin’an District</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EED6014646FFFAF0884FA9CF0DAFAD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87D9646FFFA80CFBFB23F44CFE1C:8EED6014646FFFAF0884FA9CF0DAFAD6" box="[1256,1432,1319,1344]" country="China" county="Material" latitude="30.189165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.758865" municipality="Hangzhou" name="Banqiao Town" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Zhejiang Province">Banqiao Town</location>
|
||
,
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||
<location id="8EED6014646FFFAF0CFBFAF7F426FA8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87D9646FFFA80CFBFB23F44CFE1C:8EED6014646FFFAF0CFBFAF7F426FA8C" box="[151,356,1356,1381]" country="China" county="Material" latitude="30.189165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.758865" municipality="Hangzhou" name="Mengwuli Village" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Zhejiang Province">Mengwuli Village</location>
|
||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE065008646FFFAF0D19FAF7F752FA8C" box="[373,528,1356,1381]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="1" value="30.189165">30.189166°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE065008646FFFAF0E71FAF7F780FA8C" box="[541,706,1356,1381]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="1" value="119.758865">119.758867°E</geoCoordinate>
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), collected
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9E7646FFFAF0F29FAF7F683FA8C" box="[837,961,1356,1381]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" value="2016-04-28">
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||
<date id="FF8C100F646FFFAF0F29FAF7F683FA8C" box="[837,961,1356,1381]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" value="2016-04-28">28.IV.2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
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||
as larva and reared in laboratory by Xue Jiao, deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED23AE0A646FFFAF0D0DFACBF4F8FA6E" box="[353,442,1392,1415]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">NKUM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646FFFAF0CABFA2FF6B1FA39" blockId="1.[151,1437,1319,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3C92646FFFAF0CABFA2FF665FA44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1852083974" box="[199,807,1428,1453]" collectingDate="2016-04-28" collectionCode="NKUM" country="China" county="Material" latitude="30.189165" location="Lin'an District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.758865" municipality="Hangzhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Zhejiang Province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5489886D646FFFAF0CABFA2FF47DFA44" box="[199,319,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0CABFA2FF47DFA44" bold="true" box="[199,319,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
<specimenCount id="9D34FD46646FFFAF0D21FA2FF4E4FA44" box="[333,422,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D34FD46646FFFAF0DDEFA2FF763FA44" box="[434,545,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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||
, same data as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3C92646FFFAF0F5EFA2EF4C0FA39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1852083897" collectingDate="2016-04-19" collectionCode="NKUM" country="China" county="Material" latitude="30.189165" location="Lin'an District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.758865" municipality="Hangzhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-larva="9" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Zhejiang Province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D34FD46646FFFAF0F5EFA2EF6CEFA44" box="[818,908,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D34FD46646FFFAF0FFBFA2FF145FA44" box="[919,1031,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D34FD46646FFFAF087EFA2FF12CFA44" box="[1042,1134,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="larva">9 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as holotype but collected
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9E7646FFFAF0D6FFA0CF4C0FA39" box="[259,386,1463,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" value="2016-04-19">
|
||
<date id="FF8C100F646FFFAF0D6FFA0CF4C0FA39" box="[259,386,1463,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" value="2016-04-19">19.IV.2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3C92646FFFAF0DE2FA03F6ACFA39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1852083975" box="[398,1006,1463,1488]" collectingDate="2015-05-07" collectionCode="NKUM" country="China" county="Material" latitude="30.189165" location="Lin'an District" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.758865" municipality="Hangzhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Zhejiang Province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D34FD46646FFFAF0DE2FA03F4A5FA39" box="[398,487,1463,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as holotype but collected
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9E7646FFFAF0FEAFA0CF6ACFA39" box="[902,1006,1463,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" value="2015-05-07">
|
||
<date id="FF8C100F646FFFAF0FEAFA0CF6ACFA39" box="[902,1006,1463,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" value="2015-05-07">7.V.2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646FFFAF0CABFA67F02CF9FE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1319,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3C92646FFFAF0CABFA67F02CF9FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1852083898" collectingDate="2016-04-02" collectingDateMax="2016-04-08" collectingDateMin="2016-04-02" collectionCode="NKUM" country="China" county="Other" latitude="30.330593" location="Ningguo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="118.73004" municipality="Xuancheng" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Anhui Province">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0CABFA67F4C3FA1C" bold="true" box="[199,385,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E43646FFFAF0CABFA67F44DFA1C" box="[199,271,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Other</collectingCounty>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D34FD46646FFFAF0DE4FA67F4A3FA1C" box="[392,481,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D34FD46646FFFAF0D81FA66F719FA1C" box="[493,603,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325765F646FFFAF0E0AFA67F7EEFA1C" box="[614,684,1500,1525]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F82D646FFFAF0EDBFA67F629FA1C" box="[695,875,1500,1525]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Anhui Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9ACB5646FFFAF0F1AFA67F6BAFA1C" box="[886,1016,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Xuancheng</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EED6014646FFFAF086FFA67F12AFA1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87D9646FFFA80CFBFB23F44CFE1C:8EED6014646FFFAF086FFA67F12AFA1C" box="[1027,1128,1500,1525]" country="China" county="Other" latitude="30.330593" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="118.73004" municipality="Xuancheng" name="Ningguo" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Anhui Province">Ningguo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EED6014646FFFAF081FFA67F1ACFA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87D9646FFFA80CFBFB23F44CFE1C:8EED6014646FFFAF081FFA67F1ACFA1D" box="[1139,1262,1500,1525]" country="China" county="Other" latitude="30.330593" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="118.73004" municipality="Xuancheng" name="Jialu Town" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Anhui Province">Jialu Town</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE065008646FFFAF0891FA67F0DAFA1C" box="[1277,1432,1500,1525]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="1" value="30.330593">30.330593°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE065008646FFFAF0CFBF9BBF47EF9F1" box="[151,316,1536,1560]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="1" value="118.73004">118.730039°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9E7646FFFAF0DD7FA44F706F9F1" box="[443,580,1535,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" value="2016-04-02" valueMax="2016-04-08" valueMin="2016-04-02">
|
||
<date id="FF8C100F646FFFAF0DD7FA44F706F9F1" box="[443,580,1535,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" value="2016-04-02" valueMax="2016-04-08" valueMin="2016-04-02">2–8.IV.2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
as larvae and reared in laboratory by Zhi-Hui Wu, deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED23AE0A646FFFAF097DF9BBF028F9FE" box="[1297,1386,1536,1559]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hp11-qr98" name="Nankai University" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">NKUM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286544646FFFAF0CABF99FF15FF869" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646FFFAF0CABF99FF15FF869" blockId="1.[151,1437,1319,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0CABF99FF403F9D4" bold="true" box="[199,321,1572,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0DE1F99EF74BF9D5" box="[397,521,1573,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0DE1F99EF74BF9D5" box="[397,521,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Contarinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are monophagous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646FFFAF0F2AF99FF122F9D5" box="[838,1120,1572,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" refId="ref3289" refString="Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2017) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 4 th Edition. Digital. U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Available from: https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUserFiles / 80420580 / Gagne _ 2017 _ World _ Cat _ 4 th _ ed. pdf (accessed 11 July 2017)" type="journal article">Gagné & Jaschhof 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), some feed on a few hosts from one respective plant family, and only the cosmopolitan pest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0FEFF9F3F12DF989" authority="Felt" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1933" box="[899,1135,1607,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0FEFF9F3F178F989" box="[899,1082,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">C. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Felt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to feed on hosts from several families (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646FFFAF0DF9F9D7F71FF96D" box="[405,605,1644,1669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" refId="ref3804" refString="Uechi, N., Yukawa, J., Tokuda, M., Ganaha-Kikumura, T. & Taniguchi, M. (2011) New information on host plants and distribution ranges of an invasive gall midge, Contarinia maculipennis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), and its congeners in Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 46, 383 - 389. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13355 - 011 - 0050 - 1" type="journal article">
|
||
Uechi
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0D8DF9D6F751F96C" box="[481,531,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0FACF9D6F135F96C" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1933" box="[960,1143,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0FACF9D6F135F96C" box="[960,1143,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">C. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in morphology and in the COI sequence (see DNA). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0D83F92BF7E1F941" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[495,675,1679,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0D83F92BF7E1F941" box="[495,675,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">C. caryafloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the female cerci are nearly three times as long as wide in ventral view, the aedeagus is constricted below apex and bulbous apically, and the male cerci are rounded while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF09EEF90EF46FF919" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF09EEF90EF46FF919" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">C. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the female cercus is approximately five times as long as wide in ventral view, the aedeagus is evenly tapered and pointed apically, and the male cerci are triangular (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646FFFAF0F3BF947F6A7F8FC" box="[855,997,1788,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" refId="ref3214" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1995) Contarinia maculipennis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a polyphagous pest newly reported for North America. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 85, 209 - 214." type="journal article">Gagné 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species can be distinguished from two North American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0E5BF89BF7F0F8DE" box="[567,690,1824,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0E5BF89BF7F0F8DE" box="[567,690,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Contarinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0EB0F89BF684F8D1" authority="(Gagne 2008)" authorityName="Gagne" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Gagne" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[732,966,1824,1848]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0EB0F89BF660F8DE" box="[732,802,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Carya</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646FFFAF0F5CF89BF6FCF8D1" box="[816,958,1824,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" refId="ref3251" refString="Gagne, R. J. (2008) The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of hickories (Juglandaceae: Carya). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 48, 1 - 147." type="journal article">Gagné 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the leaf-galling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF08EEF89BF02FF8D1" authority="Gagne" authorityName="Gagne" box="[1154,1389,1823,1848]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF08EEF89BF05FF8D1" box="[1154,1309,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">C. bulliformis</emphasis>
|
||
Gagné
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0CFBF8FEF436F8B5" authority="Gagne" authorityName="Gagne" box="[151,372,1860,1884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cucumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0CFBF8FEF466F8B5" box="[151,292,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">C. cucumata</emphasis>
|
||
Gagné
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both known from the larval stage only), by the shape of the anterior teeth on the larval spatula that are rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0D1CF8D3F760F869" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[368,546,1895,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0D1CF8D3F760F869" box="[368,546,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">C. caryafloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and acute in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0EDBF8D3F611F869" box="[695,851,1895,1920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0EDBF8D3F611F869" box="[695,851,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">C. bulliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646FFFAF0FE5F8D3F155F869" box="[905,1047,1896,1920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cucumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0FE5F8D3F155F869" box="[905,1047,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">C. cucumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286544646FFFAC0CABF837F783F9DB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646FFFAF0CABF837F419F820" blockId="1.[151,1437,1319,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646FFFAF0CABF837F4D9F84C" bold="true" box="[199,411,1932,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646FFFAF0DC5F837F704F84D" box="[425,582,1932,1957]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox-0="[215,1331,229,1907]" captionTargetBox-1="[261,1307,204,1877]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[196,1388,195,1933]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[214,1371,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–5. Contarinia caryafloralis. 1, 2, 4, 5: male; 3: female. (1) palpus, (2) 3rd flagellomere, (3) 3rd flagellomere, (4) wing, (5) front tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus." captionText-1="FIGURES 6–12. Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. 6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (6) terminalia in dorsal view, (7) terminalia in ventral view, (8) postabdomen in lateral view, (9) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (10) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (11) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (12) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1301430/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Figs 1, 2, 4–7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colour of abdomen yellow. Wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B2A646FFFAF0873F837F1E7F84D" box="[1055,1189,1932,1957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=15), 2.2–2.4 times longer than wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABFF2CF61CFEA9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABFF2CF446FF59" box="[199,260,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Eye bridge 6–7 facets long, occipital protuberance small, in shape of truncated cone, length half of width at middle. Palpus 4-segmented, segments progressively longer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0FC2FF07F6B2FF3D" box="[942,1008,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[215,1331,229,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[196,1388,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Contarinia caryafloralis. 1, 2, 4, 5: male; 3: female. (1) palpus, (2) 3rd flagellomere, (3) 3rd flagellomere, (4) wing, (5) front tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna: scape and pedicel as wide as long, scape slightly larger than pedicel; flagellomeres binodal,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B2A646CFFAC0F14FF5BF6F0FF11" box="[888,946,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
|
||
number, first and second fused, circumfilar loops slightly uneven in length, longest loops of anterior whorl reaching distal edge of posterior node, longest loops of posterior whorl distinctly over-reaching end of neck (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0F67FE9CF612FEA9" box="[779,848,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[215,1331,229,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[196,1388,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Contarinia caryafloralis. 1, 2, 4, 5: male; 3: female. (1) palpus, (2) 3rd flagellomere, (3) 3rd flagellomere, (4) wing, (5) front tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABFEF7F406FE3F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABFEF7F462FE8C" box="[199,288,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0D1AFEF7F4FEFE8D" box="[374,444,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[215,1331,229,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[196,1388,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Contarinia caryafloralis. 1, 2, 4, 5: male; 3: female. (1) palpus, (2) 3rd flagellomere, (3) 3rd flagellomere, (4) wing, (5) front tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) hyaline, setose, sparsely covered by narrow scales, R1 joining C slightly proximad of wing mid-length, R5 slightly arched backward distally, joining C at wing apex, Cu forked, Rs absent. Legs densely covered by narrow scales and sparse setae; tarsal claws (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0F72FE22F620FE5B" box="[798,866,409,434]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[215,1331,229,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[196,1388,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Contarinia caryafloralis. 1, 2, 4, 5: male; 3: female. (1) palpus, (2) 3rd flagellomere, (3) 3rd flagellomere, (4) wing, (5) front tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) untoothed on all legs, empodia as long as claws, pulvilli minute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABFE5AF752FC6C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABFE5AF47AFE13" box="[199,312,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
First through sixth tergites rectangular, with single posterior row of long setae, several lateral and central setae, covered by scattered scales, with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla, seventh tergite as for sixth but slightly narrower; eighth tergite as for seventh but considerably smaller; second through seventh sternites rectangular, with irregular but mostly one posterior row of long setae, more lateral and several central setae than on corresponding tergites, with anterior pair of closely set trichoid sensilla; seventh sternite as for sixth but slightly narrower; eighth sternite as for seventh but considerably smaller. Terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC084AFD2EF1D6FD47" box="[1062,1172,661,686]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[261,1307,204,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[214,1371,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. 6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (6) terminalia in dorsal view, (7) terminalia in ventral view, (8) postabdomen in lateral view, (9) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (10) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (11) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (12) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
): gonocoxite elongate; mediobasal lobes low, broad; gonostylus slightly widened and setulose at basal 1/3, carinate at distal 2/3, sparsely setose, bearing strong comb-like tooth distally; aedeagus slender, tapering distally, constricted subapically, rounded apically; cerci mostly 3/4-length aedeagus (the length of cerci is variable in the mounted specimens, in some they are just slightly shorter than aedeagus), round, separated by deep U-shaped incision, with few long apical setae; hypoproct nearly as long as aedeagus, lobes narrow, divided by U-shaped incision slightly shorter than total length, bearing several short apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABFC2AF1DDFC43" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1183,913,938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABFC2AF45CFC43" bold="true" box="[199,286,913,938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0D41FC2AF437FC43" box="[301,373,913,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[215,1331,229,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[196,1388,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Contarinia caryafloralis. 1, 2, 4, 5: male; 3: female. (1) palpus, (2) 3rd flagellomere, (3) 3rd flagellomere, (4) wing, (5) front tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0DEDFC29F4F8FC43" box="[385,442,914,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[261,1307,204,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[214,1371,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. 6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (6) terminalia in dorsal view, (7) terminalia in ventral view, (8) postabdomen in lateral view, (9) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (10) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (11) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (12) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">8–10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B2A646CFFAC0E0EFC2AF7ABFC40" box="[610,745,913,938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=8), 2.2–2.4 times longer than wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABFC0EF17DFC1B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABFC0EF446FC27" box="[199,260,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Flagellomeres cylindrical, slightly narrowed distally, first and second fused, first 1.2–1.3 times length of second, circumfila consisting of two transverse and two longitudinal bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0F81FC62F173FC1B" box="[1005,1073,985,1010]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[215,1331,229,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[196,1388,195,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Contarinia caryafloralis. 1, 2, 4, 5: male; 3: female. (1) palpus, (2) 3rd flagellomere, (3) 3rd flagellomere, (4) wing, (5) front tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301430/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABFC46F758FAFB" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABFC46F47AFBFF" box="[199,312,1021,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
First through seventh tergites and second through seventh sternites as in male, except for denser setae and scales, seventh sternite with irregular but mostly two posterior rows of long setae; eighth tergite slightly longer than seventh, with single posterior row of long setae, many central and lateral setae; eighth sternum unsclerotized. Terminalia: ovipositor long, retractable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0F78FBD2F619FB6B" box="[788,859,1129,1154]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[261,1307,204,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[214,1371,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. 6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (6) terminalia in dorsal view, (7) terminalia in ventral view, (8) postabdomen in lateral view, (9) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (10) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (11) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (12) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); cerci closely appressed, separated at distal half, about three times longer than wide at base in dorso-ventral view, evenly narrow in lateral view, slightly striate, bearing two pairs of unequally large setae basally and two pairs of equally large setae subapically, three to four pairs of small setae scattered in between and two pairs of small setae apically; hypoproct with two setae apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0CF3FB42F450FAFB" box="[159,274,1273,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[261,1307,204,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[214,1371,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. 6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (6) terminalia in dorsal view, (7) terminalia in ventral view, (8) postabdomen in lateral view, (9) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (10) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (11) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (12) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Otherwise as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABFAA6F1E2FAB3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABFAA6F44EFADF" bold="true" box="[199,268,1309,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
Colour: head and thorax yellowish brown and abdomen grayish yellow when containing full-grown adult, pale brown when empty. Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B2A646CFFAC0E21FAFAF796FAB0" box="[589,724,1345,1370]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B2A646CFFAC0F76FAFAF6E0FAB0" box="[794,930,1345,1370]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646CFFAC0F82FAF9F1D1FAB3" box="[1006,1171,1345,1370]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" refId="ref3379" refString="Hu, G., Cheng, Y., Lou, J., Wang, G., Xia, G., Chen, J. & Zhang, Z. (2007) Biological characteristics of blossom midge (Contarinia sp.) in Carya cathayensis and its control techniques. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 24 (4), 463 - 467." type="journal article">
|
||
Hu
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0874FAF9F112FAB3" box="[1048,1104,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABFADEF783F9DB" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABFADEF453FA97" bold="true" box="[199,273,1381,1406]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0D73FADEF4DDFA97" box="[287,415,1381,1406]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[261,1307,204,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[214,1371,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. 6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (6) terminalia in dorsal view, (7) terminalia in ventral view, (8) postabdomen in lateral view, (9) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (10) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (11) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (12) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs 11, 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0DC0FADDF4B7FA97" box="[428,501,1381,1406]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,671,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1689]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Infestation of Chinese Hickory by Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. (13) damaged female inflorescence, (14) mature larvae feeding within female flower (infested flower was cut open to reveal larvae), (15) damaged male inflorescences, (16) young larvae feeding on male flowers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301434/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">14, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Colour light yellow. Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B2A646CFFAC0F25FADEF692FA94" box="[841,976,1381,1406]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (n=9),
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B2A646CFFAC0831FADEF1A7FA94" box="[1117,1253,1381,1406]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Antennae tapered, 2.5–2.8 times as long as wide at base. Sternal spatula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0F1DFA32F681FA4B" box="[881,963,1417,1442]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[261,1307,204,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[214,1371,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. 6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (6) terminalia in dorsal view, (7) terminalia in ventral view, (8) postabdomen in lateral view, (9) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (10) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (11) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (12) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two anterior teeth, apices rounded, divided by deep V-shaped incision, lateral papillae adjacent to anterior part of spatula consisting of two groups, each made of two smaller asetose and one larger setose papillae. Ventral and sternal papillae asetose. Spiracles of eighth abdominal segment on posteriorly directed lobes. Terminal segment on either side with four terminal papillae: one stublike, remaining setose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0E0DF9A2F7F6F9DB" box="[609,692,1561,1586]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–12" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[261,1307,204,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[214,1371,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6–12. Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. 6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (6) terminalia in dorsal view, (7) terminalia in ventral view, (8) postabdomen in lateral view, (9) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (10) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (11) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (12) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286544646CFFAC0CABF986F611F8C4" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABF986F1E9F9BF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1195,1597,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABF986F40CF9BF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1597,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The composite adjective “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646CFFAC0E1BF986F64AF9BF" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[631,776,1597,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis">caryafloralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
” means “of hickory flower” in Latin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABF9DAF611F8C4" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABF9DAF449F993" bold="true" box="[199,267,1633,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">DNA.</emphasis>
|
||
COI sequences obtained for two females and two larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646CFFAC0FDDF9D9F187F993" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[945,1221,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0FDDF9D9F187F993" box="[945,1221,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Contarinia caryafloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5489886D646CFFAC0CFBF93EF5BEF977" box="[151,252,1669,1694]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, were identical (GenBank accession numbers
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9461AB2C646CFFAC0F70F93DF6DDF977" box="[796,927,1670,1694]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MH039840" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">MH039840</accessionNumber>
|
||
–
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9461AB2C646CFFAC0FC1F93DF16DF977" box="[941,1071,1670,1694]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MH039843" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">MH039843</accessionNumber>
|
||
, sequence length 636 bp). The similarity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646CFFAC0D44F911F49BF92B" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[296,473,1705,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0D44F911F49BF92B" box="[296,473,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">C. caryafloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to other described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646CFFAC0EDCF911F669F928" box="[688,811,1706,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0EDCF911F669F928" box="[688,811,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Contarinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. with available COI sequence was lower than 91%. The similarity to the only known polyphagous congener, the cosmopolitan pest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646CFFAC087BF975F043F90F" authority="Felt" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1933" box="[1047,1281,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC087BF975F18CF90F" box="[1047,1230,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">C. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
Felt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(intraspecific similarity 98–100%), was 86–88%. This high level of genetic difference shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646CFFAC0831F949F053F8E3" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[1117,1297,1777,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0831F949F053F8E3" box="[1117,1297,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">C. caryafloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a species distinct from all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646CFFAC0D3DF8AEF4B9F8C7" box="[337,507,1813,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with published COI sequence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286544646CFFAB0CABF882F04DFE61" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646CFFAC0CABF882F4C4F80B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CABF882F463F8BB" bold="true" box="[199,289,1849,1874]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0D58F882F4F8F8BB" box="[308,442,1849,1874]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,671,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1689]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Infestation of Chinese Hickory by Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. (13) damaged female inflorescence, (14) mature larvae feeding within female flower (infested flower was cut open to reveal larvae), (15) damaged male inflorescences, (16) young larvae feeding on male flowers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301434/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs 13–16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0DBEF881F780F8B8" box="[466,706,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Infestation symptoms</emphasis>
|
||
. The new species feeds on male and female inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646CFFAC0CFBF8E5F42BF89F" authorityName="Sargent" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,361,1885,1910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cathayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646CFFAC0CFBF8E5F42BF89F" box="[151,361,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Carya cathayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Infested female flower becomes swollen and malformed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0860F8E6F1D3F89F" box="[1036,1169,1885,1910]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,671,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1689]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Infestation of Chinese Hickory by Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. (13) damaged female inflorescence, (14) mature larvae feeding within female flower (infested flower was cut open to reveal larvae), (15) damaged male inflorescences, (16) young larvae feeding on male flowers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301434/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs 13–14</figureCitation>
|
||
), and does not produce seeds. Infested male infloresence has a shortened and curved rachis, the flowers are swollen and malformed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0906F83AF5A2F857" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,671,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1689]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Infestation of Chinese Hickory by Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. (13) damaged female inflorescence, (14) mature larvae feeding within female flower (infested flower was cut open to reveal larvae), (15) damaged male inflorescences, (16) young larvae feeding on male flowers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301434/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs 15–16</figureCitation>
|
||
), and do not produce viable pollen. Following the departure of larvae, the inflorescences become necrotic and die (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646CFFAC0C9BF872F43BF80B" box="[247,377,1993,2018]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,671,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1689]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Infestation of Chinese Hickory by Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. (13) damaged female inflorescence, (14) mature larvae feeding within female flower (infested flower was cut open to reveal larvae), (15) damaged male inflorescences, (16) young larvae feeding on male flowers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301434/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Figs 13, 15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D6647646DFFAD0CFBF819F797F83E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" startId="3.[151,264,1954,1977]" targetBox="[215,1331,229,1907]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646DFFAD0CFBF819F797F83E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1954,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646DFFAD0CFBF819F700F851" bold="true" box="[151,578,1954,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">
|
||
FIGURES 1–5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646DFFAD0D2CF818F77EF850" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[320,572,1954,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646DFFAD0D2CF818F77EF850" bold="true" box="[320,572,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Contarinia caryafloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1, 2, 4, 5: male; 3: female. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646DFFAD0F0FF818F62DF851" bold="true" box="[867,879,1955,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">1</emphasis>
|
||
) palpus, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646DFFAD0FB9F818F6A0F851" bold="true" box="[981,994,1955,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">2</emphasis>
|
||
) 3rd flagellomere, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646DFFAD08C2F818F1F8F851" bold="true" box="[1198,1210,1955,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">3</emphasis>
|
||
) 3rd flagellomere, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646DFFAD09EBF818F0D6F851" bold="true" box="[1415,1428,1955,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">4</emphasis>
|
||
) wing, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646DFFAD0CB2F879F5A9F83E" bold="true" box="[222,235,1986,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">5</emphasis>
|
||
) front tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D6647646AFFAA0CFBF83BF7EEF81A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301432/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" startId="4.[151,264,1920,1943]" targetBox="[261,1307,204,1877]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646AFFAA0CFBF83BF7EEF81A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1920,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646AFFAA0CFBF83BF7E5F87F" bold="true" box="[151,679,1920,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">
|
||
FIGURES 6–12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646AFFAA0D3CF83AF70CF87E" authority="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik, 2018" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[336,590,1920,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646AFFAA0D3CF83AF70CF87E" bold="true" box="[336,590,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">Contarinia caryafloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557A6646AFFAA0E39F83AF7E5F87F" box="[597,679,1921,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
6, 7: male; 8–10: female; 11, 12: larva. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646AFFAA0838F83AF122F87F" bold="true" box="[1108,1120,1921,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">6</emphasis>
|
||
) terminalia in dorsal view, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646AFFAA09EBF83AF0D6F87F" bold="true" box="[1415,1428,1921,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">7</emphasis>
|
||
) terminalia in ventral view, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646AFFAA0DDDF824F4FFF85D" bold="true" box="[433,445,1951,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">8</emphasis>
|
||
) postabdomen in lateral view, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646AFFAA0F6CF824F64EF85D" bold="true" box="[768,780,1951,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">9</emphasis>
|
||
) end of ovipositor in ventral view showing cerci and hypoproct, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646AFFAA0CF3F805F5FAF83A" bold="true" box="[159,184,1982,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">10</emphasis>
|
||
) end of ovipositor in dorsolateral view showing cerci and partly hypoproct, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646AFFAA0FABF805F69FF83A" bold="true" box="[967,989,1982,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">11</emphasis>
|
||
) sternal spatula with adjacent papillae, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646AFFAA0916F805F0D1F83A" bold="true" box="[1402,1427,1982,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="191">12</emphasis>
|
||
) last two abdominal segments of larva in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646BFFAB0CABFF23F04DFE61" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0CABFF23F477FF59" box="[199,309,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Life cycle</emphasis>
|
||
. Adults emerge from the soil beneath the host plant in late March and early April. The females lay eggs in the female flower buds and at the rachis of the male inflorescence. Following eclosion from the eggs, the larvae feed within the female flower buds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646BFFAB0E12FF64F792FF11" box="[638,720,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,671,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1689]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Infestation of Chinese Hickory by Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. (13) damaged female inflorescence, (14) mature larvae feeding within female flower (infested flower was cut open to reveal larvae), (15) damaged male inflorescences, (16) young larvae feeding on male flowers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301434/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) and among young anthers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13092A4A646BFFAB087FFF64F125FF11" box="[1043,1127,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,671,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1689]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Infestation of Chinese Hickory by Contarinia caryafloralis sp. nov. (13) damaged female inflorescence, (14) mature larvae feeding within female flower (infested flower was cut open to reveal larvae), (15) damaged male inflorescences, (16) young larvae feeding on male flowers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301434/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larval stage lasts two weeks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB0C83FEBFF4EAFEF5" box="[239,424,260,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3887" refString="Wu, Z., Pan, Z. & Zhang, G. (2004) Current status analysis and countermeasures of hickory pest and disease control in Ningguo City. Anhui Forestry Science and Technology, 3, 50 - 51." type="journal article">
|
||
Wu
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0D48FEBEF422FEF4" box="[292,352,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mature larvae leave the plant by jumping to the ground or fall to the ground within abscised inflorescence between late April and mid May. The larvae overwinter in the soil within a cocoon and pupate on the soil surface in March the following year. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F82D646BFFAB0F26FEF7F6ECFE8C" box="[842,942,332,357]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F82D646BFFAB0F80FEF7F170FE8C" box="[1004,1074,332,357]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Anhui</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces, the species has one generation per year (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB0D12FECBF760FE61" box="[382,546,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3379" refString="Hu, G., Cheng, Y., Lou, J., Wang, G., Xia, G., Chen, J. & Zhang, Z. (2007) Biological characteristics of blossom midge (Contarinia sp.) in Carya cathayensis and its control techniques. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 24 (4), 463 - 467." type="journal article">
|
||
Hu
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0DC4FECAF4A3FE61" box="[424,481,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB0E42FED4F794FE61" box="[558,726,367,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3449" refString="Ji, W. & Guo, X. (2011) Control techniques of hickory blossom midge. Anhui Forestry Science and Technology, 37 (6), 74 - 75." type="journal article">Ji & Guo 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Jun-Hao Huang & Long-Wa Zhang pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286544646BFFAB0CABFE2FF74EFD89" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646BFFAB0CABFE2FF74EFD89" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0CABFE2FF796FE45" box="[199,724,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Geographical distribution and damage to crop</emphasis>
|
||
. Currently, the new species is known to occur only in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F82D646BFFAB0954FE2FF0DEFE44" box="[1336,1436,404,429]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F82D646BFFAB0CAAFE0CF44EFE39" box="[198,268,439,464]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Anhui</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325765F646BFFAB0DCAFE0CF4AFFE39" box="[422,493,439,464]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It can cause substantial damage in orchards, with the proportion of infested flowers reaching 90% in male and 40% in female flowers in the outberak hot spots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB0F90FE67F1E8FE1D" box="[1020,1194,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3887" refString="Wu, Z., Pan, Z. & Zhang, G. (2004) Current status analysis and countermeasures of hickory pest and disease control in Ningguo City. Anhui Forestry Science and Technology, 3, 50 - 51." type="journal article">
|
||
Wu
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0841FE66F125FE1C" box="[1069,1127,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB08DBFE66F01DFE1D" box="[1207,1375,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3379" refString="Hu, G., Cheng, Y., Lou, J., Wang, G., Xia, G., Chen, J. & Zhang, Z. (2007) Biological characteristics of blossom midge (Contarinia sp.) in Carya cathayensis and its control techniques. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 24 (4), 463 - 467." type="journal article">
|
||
Hu
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB088DFE66F059FE1C" box="[1249,1307,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB0907FE67F44BFDF1" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3449" refString="Ji, W. & Guo, X. (2011) Control techniques of hickory blossom midge. Anhui Forestry Science and Technology, 37 (6), 74 - 75." type="journal article">Ji & Guo 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Jun-Hao Huang & Long-Wa Zhang pers. comm.). In recent years the implementation of chemical and physical control measures reduced overall average fruit loss to 5%–8% in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F82D646BFFAB0F85FD9FF16DFDD4" box="[1001,1071,548,573]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Anhui</collectingRegion>
|
||
and 20% in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F82D646BFFAB08AFFD9FF065FDD4" box="[1219,1319,548,573]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB0CF2FDF3F401FD89" box="[158,323,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3379" refString="Hu, G., Cheng, Y., Lou, J., Wang, G., Xia, G., Chen, J. & Zhang, Z. (2007) Biological characteristics of blossom midge (Contarinia sp.) in Carya cathayensis and its control techniques. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 24 (4), 463 - 467." type="journal article">
|
||
Hu
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0CA5FDF2F5B8FD89" box="[201,250,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB0D23FDFCF4B9FD89" box="[335,507,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3449" refString="Ji, W. & Guo, X. (2011) Control techniques of hickory blossom midge. Anhui Forestry Science and Technology, 37 (6), 74 - 75." type="journal article">Ji & Guo 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4D6647646BFFAB0CFBF916F7A9F8EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301434/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" startId="5.[151,264,1709,1732]" targetBox="[156,1428,671,1675]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646BFFAB0CFBF916F7A9F8EB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1709,1794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0CFBF916F165F92D" bold="true" box="[151,1063,1709,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">
|
||
FIGURES 13–16. Infestation of Chinese Hickory by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646BFFAB0EBEF915F68DF92D" authority="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik, 2018" authorityName="Jiao & Wang & Huang & Han & Zhang & Jiao & Wu & Zhang & Wang & Bu & Kolesik" authorityYear="2018" box="[722,975,1709,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caryafloralis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0EBEF915F68DF92D" bold="true" box="[722,975,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Contarinia caryafloralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557A6646BFFAB0FBAF914F165F92D" box="[982,1063,1711,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB085BF915F112F92A" bold="true" box="[1079,1104,1710,1731]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">13</emphasis>
|
||
) damaged female inflorescence, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0CF3F976F5FAF90B" bold="true" box="[159,184,1741,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">14</emphasis>
|
||
) mature larvae feeding within female flower (infested flower was cut open to reveal larvae), (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB08B8F976F1AFF90B" bold="true" box="[1236,1261,1741,1762]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">15</emphasis>
|
||
) damaged male inflorescences, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0D50F957F417F8E8" bold="true" box="[316,341,1772,1793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">16</emphasis>
|
||
) young larvae feeding on male flowers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3286544646BFFA80CABF895F44CFE1C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36CF646BFFA80CABF895F44CFE1C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1838,2007]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0CABF895F479F8AE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1838,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The plant genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646BFFAB0E6FF894F7DAF8AE" authority="Nuttal" authorityName="Nuttal" box="[515,664,1838,1863]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0E6FF894F70BF8AF" box="[515,585,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Carya</emphasis>
|
||
Nuttal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains 11–13 North-American (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB0872F894F1E3F8AE" box="[1054,1185,1839,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3743" refString="Stone, D. E. (1997) 28. Juglandaceae A. Richard ex Kunth, Walnut Family. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Uol. 3. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, pp. 416 - 428." type="book chapter">Stone 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and 4 Asian species, with one of the North-American species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646BFFAB0E06F8E8F10AF882" authority="(Wangenheim) K. Koch" authorityName="(Wangenheim) K. Koch" box="[618,1096,1874,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illinoiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0E06F8E8F671F882" box="[618,819,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Carya illinoiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Wangenheim) K. Koch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pecan), grown commercially in several provinces of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F325765F646BFFAB0DF2F8CDF4A3F866" box="[414,481,1910,1935]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E646BFFAB0D9DF8CCF7D7F866" box="[497,661,1910,1935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" refId="ref3626" refString="Lu, A., Stone, D. E. & Grauke, L. J. (1999) Juglandaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.), Flora of China. Uol. 4. Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 277 - 285." type="journal article">
|
||
Lu
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0E75F8CCF710F866" box="[537,594,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new gall midge is the first species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646BFFAB08EDF8CDF069F866" box="[1153,1323,1910,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
known to feed on an Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646BFFAB0D01F820F4F1F85B" box="[365,435,1947,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0D01F820F4F1F85B" box="[365,435,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Carya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and the only one that feeds on the inflorescence of this plant genus. Sixty-three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646BFFAB0CFBF805F403F83E" box="[151,321,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species occur on the North-American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646BFFAB0E93F804F607F83F" box="[767,837,1983,2006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0E93F804F607F83F" box="[767,837,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Carya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., belonging to six genera: two to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C646BFFA80893F805F5A1FF59" authority="Gagne" authorityName="Gagne" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Caryadiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="193" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD646BFFAB0893F805F0DEF83E" box="[1279,1436,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="192">Caryadiplosis</emphasis>
|
||
Gagné
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 56 to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80D56FF23F4ADFF59" authority="Felt" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1909" box="[314,495,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Caryomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80D56FF23F4F4FF46" box="[314,438,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Caryomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Felt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80E39FF23F792FF46" box="[597,720,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80E39FF23F792FF46" box="[597,720,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Contarinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and one each to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80FC4FF2CF13FFF59" authority="Gagne" authorityName="Gagne" box="[936,1149,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Gliaspilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80FC4FF2CF164FF59" box="[936,1062,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Gliaspilota</emphasis>
|
||
Gagné
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA808E0FF2CF02AFF59" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1896" box="[1164,1384,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Harmandia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA808E0FF2CF04FFF59" box="[1164,1293,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Harmandia</emphasis>
|
||
Kieffer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80CFBFF07F4A3FF3C" authority="Rubsaamen" authorityName="Rubsaamen" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,481,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Parallelodiplosis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80CFBFF07F41AFF3C" box="[151,344,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Parallelodiplosis</emphasis>
|
||
Rübsaamen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E6468FFA80D9CFF07F73FFF3D" box="[496,637,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refId="ref3251" refString="Gagne, R. J. (2008) The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of hickories (Juglandaceae: Carya). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 48, 1 - 147." type="journal article">Gagné 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E6468FFA80EE4FF07F6D8FF3D" box="[648,922,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refId="ref3289" refString="Gagne, R. J. & Jaschhof, M. (2017) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 4 th Edition. Digital. U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. Available from: https: // www. ars. usda. gov / ARSUserFiles / 80420580 / Gagne _ 2017 _ World _ Cat _ 4 th _ ed. pdf (accessed 11 July 2017)" type="journal article">Gagné & Jaschhof 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The majority of the North-American species induce galls on leaves, some on leaves and nut husk, one is an inquiline (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E6468FFA80FB6FF5BF12BFF11" box="[986,1129,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refId="ref3251" refString="Gagne, R. J. (2008) The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of hickories (Juglandaceae: Carya). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 48, 1 - 147." type="journal article">Gagné 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two North-American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80CFBFEBEF450FEF5" box="[151,274,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80CFBFEBEF450FEF5" box="[151,274,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Contarinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., both known from the larval stage only and thus in need of confirmation of their generic placement, are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80CAAFE93F75DFEA9" authority="Gagne" authorityName="Gagne" authorityYear="2008" box="[198,543,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80CAAFE93F48BFEA9" box="[198,457,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Contarinia bulliformis</emphasis>
|
||
Gagné
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80E0FFE93F6F7FEA9" authority="Gagne." authorityName="Gagne." box="[611,949,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80E0FFE93F61AFEA9" box="[611,856,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Contarinia cucumata</emphasis>
|
||
Gagné.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80FAEFE93F187FEA9" authorityName="Gagne" authorityYear="2008" box="[962,1221,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80FAEFE93F187FEA9" box="[962,1221,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Contarinia bulliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
causes a smooth, bubble-like swelling of the leaf mid-vein or petiole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80F7EFEF6F69FFE8C" box="[786,989,332,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="illinoiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80F7EFEF6F69FFE8C" box="[786,989,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Carya illinoiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80F82FEF6F070FE8D" authority="Gagne" authorityName="Gagne" box="[1006,1330,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80F82FEF6F1A2FE8D" box="[1006,1248,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Contarinia cucumata</emphasis>
|
||
Gagné
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
causes a hairy, cucumber-like gall on the leaf blade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80ED8FECBF15AFE61" authority="(Miller) K. Koch" authorityName="(Miller) K. Koch" box="[692,1048,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80ED8FECBF601FE61" box="[692,835,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Carya ovata</emphasis>
|
||
(Miller) K. Koch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA8084BFECBF031FE61" authority="(Poiret) Nuttal" authorityName="(Poiret) Nuttal" box="[1063,1395,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA8084BFECBF1FDFE61" box="[1063,1215,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">C. tomentosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Poiret) Nuttal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA809EEFECBF75AFE44" authority="(Ashe) Engler & Graebner" authorityName="(Ashe) Engler & Graebner" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA809EEFECBF5A4FE44" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashe) Engler & Graebner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80E4EFE2EF69BFE44" authority="(Wangenheim) K. Koch" authorityName="(Wangenheim) K. Koch" box="[546,985,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80E4EFE2EF787FE44" box="[546,709,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">C. cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Wangenheim) K. Koch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80F88FE2EF1BBFE45" authority="(Miller) Sweet" authorityName="(Miller) Sweet" box="[996,1273,404,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80F88FE2EF10DFE44" box="[996,1103,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">C. glabra</emphasis>
|
||
(Miller) Sweet
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80943FE2EF037FE45" box="[1327,1397,405,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80943FE2EF037FE45" box="[1327,1397,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">Carya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B3E6468FFA80CF2FE03F46CFE39" box="[158,302,440,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" refId="ref3251" refString="Gagne, R. J. (2008) The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of hickories (Juglandaceae: Carya). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 48, 1 - 147." type="journal article">Gagné 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80EFDFE03F66CFE39" authorityName="Gagne" authorityYear="2008" box="[657,814,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80EFDFE03F66CFE39" box="[657,814,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">C. bulliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D4C6468FFA80F09FE03F6B6FE39" box="[869,1012,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Contarinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cucumata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EADD6468FFA80F09FE03F6B6FE39" box="[869,1012,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="193">C. cucumata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the shape of the larval spatula, see Diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |