treatments-xml/data/E4/C9/40/E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75.xml
2024-06-21 12:55:26 +02:00

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15ec661-e796-4207-8509-756590c75c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4389221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-493-1" ID-PubMed="25878545" ID-ZBK="1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-493-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 493" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1451244490299" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van, Buffington, Matthew L. &amp; Forshage, Mattias" docDate="2015" docId="E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 493: 1-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 493" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" docTitle="Prosaspicera Kieffer 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="DD2DFF8EFFC4FFA2FFD7FFE4FFB46007" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668160156725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>493</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>176</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-493-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1907" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Revised by
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz, NB" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="97 - 104" title="Sobre algunas especies del genero Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea)." volume="38" year="1979">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
(1979)
</bibRefCitation>
and by
<bibRefCitation author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
and Pujade-Villar (2006)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
This taxon is most easily confused with Afrotropical
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished from that taxon by having a much longer scutellar spine, easily as long as the petiole and distinctly overhanging it (much shorter in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
, not overhanging the petiole). Further,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
has not yet been recorded from equatorial Africa, and appears to be restricted to arid portions of Mediterranean Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula (here).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
can, to a lesser extent, be confused with the figitines
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Neralsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neralsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
(all having reasonably well-developed scutellar spines); however, figitines lack the ligulate metasomal T2, and well as the facial impression, and these two characters separate
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
from figitines with scutellar spines.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Figure 12.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
species (South Africa). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Mainly pantropical, but extending into the southern Nearctic and the southeastern Palearctic. Afrotropical records: Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe (
<bibRefCitation author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
and Pujade-Villar 2006
</bibRefCitation>
); South Africa (here).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Parasitoid of aphidivorous
<taxonomicName lsidName="Brachycera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="suborder" suborder="Brachycera">Brachycera</taxonomicName>
larvae (
<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" lsidName="" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
and Pujade-Villar 2006
</bibRefCitation>
). USNM has two specimens from Nigeria reared from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paragus" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paragus</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" lsidName="" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
) on cotton.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="species richness">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Species richness.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera antennata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">Prosaspicera antennata</taxonomicName>
(Benoit, 1956c) (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera optiva" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="optiva">Prosaspicera optiva</taxonomicName>
Quinlan, 1979 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera paragicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paragicida">
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Prosaspicera</pageBreakToken>
paragicida
</taxonomicName>
(Benoit, 1956c) (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera tropica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropica">Prosaspicera tropica</taxonomicName>
(Kieffer, 1910d) (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
syn
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera africana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Aspicera africana</taxonomicName>
Kinsey, 1919
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
syn
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera kisantua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kisantua">Aspicera kisantua</taxonomicName>
Benoit, 1956c
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>