170 lines
13 KiB
XML
170 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15ec661-e796-4207-8509-756590c75c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4389221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-493-1" ID-PubMed="25878545" ID-ZBK="1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-493-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 493" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1451244490299" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van, Buffington, Matthew L. & Forshage, Mattias" docDate="2015" docId="E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 493: 1-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 493" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" docTitle="Prosaspicera Kieffer 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="DD2DFF8EFFC4FFA2FFD7FFE4FFB46007" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668160156725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>493</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>176</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-493-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4C940AEEAA945B0BD373BB42CB3BA75" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1907" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Revised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Diaz, NB" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="97 - 104" title="Sobre algunas especies del genero Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea)." volume="38" year="1979">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
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(1979)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and by
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<bibRefCitation author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
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and Pujade-Villar (2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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This taxon is most easily confused with Afrotropical
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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, but can be distinguished from that taxon by having a much longer scutellar spine, easily as long as the petiole and distinctly overhanging it (much shorter in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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, not overhanging the petiole). Further,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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has not yet been recorded from equatorial Africa, and appears to be restricted to arid portions of Mediterranean Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula (here).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
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can, to a lesser extent, be confused with the figitines
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Neralsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neralsia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyalophora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
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(all having reasonably well-developed scutellar spines); however, figitines lack the ligulate metasomal T2, and well as the facial impression, and these two characters separate
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
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from figitines with scutellar spines.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
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species (South Africa). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Mainly pantropical, but extending into the southern Nearctic and the southeastern Palearctic. Afrotropical records: Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
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and Pujade-Villar 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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); South Africa (here).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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Parasitoid of aphidivorous
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Brachycera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="suborder" suborder="Brachycera">Brachycera</taxonomicName>
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larvae (
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<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" lsidName="" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Ros-Farre, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 102" title="Revision of the genus Prosaspicera Kieffer, 1907 (Hym, Figitidae: Aspicerinae)." volume="1379" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ros-Farré">Ros-Farre</normalizedToken>
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and Pujade-Villar 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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). USNM has two specimens from Nigeria reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paragus" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paragus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName family="Syrphidae" lsidName="" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
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) on cotton.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="species richness">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Species richness.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera antennata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennata">Prosaspicera antennata</taxonomicName>
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(Benoit, 1956c) (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera optiva" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="optiva">Prosaspicera optiva</taxonomicName>
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Quinlan, 1979 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera paragicida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paragicida">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Prosaspicera</pageBreakToken>
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paragicida
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</taxonomicName>
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(Benoit, 1956c) (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Prosaspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosaspicera tropica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropica">Prosaspicera tropica</taxonomicName>
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(Kieffer, 1910d) (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aspicera</taxonomicName>
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) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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syn
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera africana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Aspicera africana</taxonomicName>
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Kinsey, 1919
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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syn
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Aspicera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aspicera kisantua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kisantua">Aspicera kisantua</taxonomicName>
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Benoit, 1956c
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |