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<document id="175233C6CEE5B57E5C27E7A29E846A4F" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF8E6A32FA859D001B61B311" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lasiurus villosissimus" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="876" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="875" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="4A9D5C4EDF5EC9CFD3717805761AB43F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="9D63CD03795F5D4CC871103A9865C4A4">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A978CD6CA55BC488C2397926407C6CC">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8818B8DC84ABEAE712988BD63B9A2F8F">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7C4392A6D476CDC948151B74FD1B8628">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF8E6A32FA859D001B61B311" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628019" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF8E6A32FA859D001B61B311" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF8E6A32FA859D001B61B311" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="876" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8E6A31FA859D001BCAB0B9" box="[1401,1482,2905,2955]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8E6A31FA859D001BCAB0B9" blockId="117.[1398,2501,2905,2996]" box="[1401,1482,2905,2955]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<heading id="9F638192FF8E6A31FA859D001BCAB0B9" box="[1401,1482,2905,2955]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF8E6A31FA859D001BCAB0B9" box="[1401,1482,2905,2955]" captionStart="Plate 65: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="117.[124,154,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[11,2761,18,3657]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="249. Spotted Bat (Euderma maculatum), 250. Big Red Bat (Lasiurus egregius), 251. Southern Hoary Bat (Lasiurus villosissimus), 252. Northern Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus), 253. Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus semotus), 254. Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis), 255. Pleiffer's Red Bat (Lasiurus pfeifferi), 256. Seminole Bat (Lasiurus seminolus), 257. Greater Red Bat (Lasiurus atratus), 258. Southern Red Bat (Lasiurus blossevilii), 259. Desert Red Bat (Lasiurus frantzii), 260. Cinnamon Red Bat (Lasiurus varius), 261. Minor Red Bat (Lasiurus minor), 262. Tacarcunan Bat (Lasiurus castaneus), 263. Hairy-tailed Bat (Lasiurus ebenus), 264. Jamaican Red Bat (Lasiurus degelidus), 265. Western Yellow Bat (Lasiurus xanthinus), 266. Northern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus intermedius), 267. Cuban Yellow Bat (Lasiurus insularis), 268. Southern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus ega)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398536/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">251.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8E6A31FA209D001981B0B9" box="[1500,1921,2905,2955]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8E6A31FA209D001981B0B9" blockId="117.[1398,2501,2905,2996]" box="[1500,1921,2905,2955]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<heading id="9F638192FF8E6A31FA209D001981B0B9" box="[1500,1921,2905,2955]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8E6A31FA209D001981B0B9" ID-CoL="8LZLF" baseAuthorityName="E.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[1500,1921,2905,2955]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Southern Hoary Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8E6A31F84F9D001756B0B9" box="[1971,2390,2905,2955]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8E6A31F84F9D001756B0B9" blockId="117.[1398,2501,2905,2996]" box="[1971,2390,2905,2955]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<heading id="9F638192FF8E6A31F84F9D001756B0B9" box="[1971,2390,2905,2955]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F84F9D001756B0B9" ID-CoL="8LZLF" baseAuthorityName="E.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[1971,2390,2905,2955]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8E6A31F84F9D001756B0B9" box="[1971,2390,2905,2955]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">Lasiurus villosissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8E6A31FA8B9DC417C4B080" box="[1399,2500,2973,2994]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8E6A31FA8B9DC417C4B080" blockId="117.[1398,2501,2905,2996]" box="[1399,2500,2973,2994]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<heading id="9F638192FF8E6A31FA8B9DC417C4B080" box="[1399,2500,2973,2994]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8E6A31FA8B9DC41BC3B080" bold="true" box="[1399,1475,2973,2994]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8E6A31FA319DC41895B080" ID-CoL="8LZLF" baseAuthorityName="E.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[1485,1685,2973,2994]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">
Lasiure du
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8E6A31F9C09DC41895B080" box="[1596,1685,2973,2994]" name="Paraguay" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8E6A31F9569DC41905B080" bold="true" box="[1706,1797,2973,2994]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8E6A31F8F19DC41680B080" ID-CoL="8LZLF" baseAuthorityName="E.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[1805,2176,2973,2994]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Siidamerika-Haarschwanzfledermaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8E6A31F76A9DC416F1B080" bold="true" box="[2198,2289,2973,2994]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8E6A31F7079DC417C4B080" ID-CoL="8LZLF" baseAuthorityName="E.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[2299,2500,2973,2994]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF8E6A31F7079DC41742B080" ID-CoL="8LZLF" baseAuthorityName="E.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[2299,2370,2973,2994]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Lasiuro</vernacularName>
de
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8E6A31F6979DC417C4B080" box="[2411,2500,2973,2994]" name="Paraguay" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8E6A31FA8A9D861705B732" box="[1398,2309,3039,3072]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8E6A31FA8A9D861705B732" blockId="117.[1397,2608,3038,3237]" box="[1398,2309,3039,3072]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8E6A31FA8A9D861812B732" bold="true" box="[1398,1554,3039,3072]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F9DE9D861701B732" ID-CoL="8LJ8N" authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1806" box="[1570,2305,3039,3072]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Vespertilio villosissimus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8E6A31F6EE9D86161AB715" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8E6A31F6EE9D86161AB715" blockId="117.[1397,2608,3038,3237]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF8E6A31F6EE9D861616B715" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319382" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
“
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8E6A31F6DC9D86179EB732" box="[2336,2462,3039,3072]" name="Paraguay" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
.” Restrict ed by A. Cabrera in 1958 to
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF8E6A31F9039A5F1986B715" box="[1791,1926,3078,3111]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">Asuncion</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8E6A31F86B9A5F1616B715" box="[1943,2070,3078,3111]" name="Paraguay" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8E6A31FA8B9A6B171EB7AC" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8E6A31FA8B9A6B171EB7AC" blockId="117.[1397,2608,3038,3237]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF8E6A31FA8B9A6B1BA6B77D" box="[1399,1446,3122,3151]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">See</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FA4E9A6B183AB77D" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1458,1594,3122,3151]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="egregius">L. egregius</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F9B79A6B1964B77D" baseAuthorityName="E.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[1611,1892,3122,3151]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Lasiurus villosissimus</taxonomicName>
was previously considered a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F6479A6B1B95B745" baseAuthorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" baseAuthorityYear="1796" class="Liliopsida" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poales" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">L. cinereus</taxonomicName>
but was elevated to a distinct species based on mtDNA and nDNA analyses.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F6479A0F1816B7AC" baseAuthorityName="E.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosissimus">Lasiurus villosissimus</taxonomicName>
1s in the Hoary Bat group. Four subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="90EB6676FF8E6A31FF809AA21A00B6B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398536/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" startId="117.[124,154,3323,3348]" targetBox="[11,2761,18,3657]" targetPageId="116">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8E6A31FF809AA21A00B6B8" blockId="117.[122,2576,3323,3468]" pageId="117" pageNumber="875">
On following pages: 252. Northern Hoary Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FD879AA21D3AB626" baseAuthorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" baseAuthorityYear="1796" box="[635,826,3323,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="876" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">Lasiurus cinereus</taxonomicName>
); 253. Hawaiian Hoary Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FB939AA21AC9B626" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[1135,1225,3323,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poales" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lasiurus</taxonomicName>
semotus); 254. Eastern Red Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F9C39AA218F7B626" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[1599,1783,3323,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borealis">Lasiurus borealis</taxonomicName>
); 255. Pfeiffer's Red Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F7EC9AA2166BB626" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[2064,2155,3323,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lasiurus</taxonomicName>
pfeiffer); 256. Seminole Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F6489AA21EECB60E" baseAuthorityName="Rhoads" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seminolus">Lasiurus seminolus</taxonomicName>
); 257. Greater Red Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FE0F9B7E1CA0B60E" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1996" box="[499,672,3367,3388]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atratus">Lasiurus atratus</taxonomicName>
); 258. Southern Red Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FC439B7E1A19B60E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[959,1049,3367,3388]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lasiurus</taxonomicName>
blossevilil); 259. Desert Red Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FA739B7E1BEAB60E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[1423,1514,3367,3388]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lasiurus</taxonomicName>
frantzi); 260. Cinnamon Red Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F8989B7E1607B60E" baseAuthorityName="Poeppig" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[1892,2055,3367,3388]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varius">Lasiurus varius</taxonomicName>
); 261.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F7AD9B7E1690B60E" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1931" box="[2129,2192,3367,3388]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">Minor</taxonomicName>
Red Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F7029B7E1759B60E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[2302,2393,3367,3388]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lasiurus</taxonomicName>
minon; 262. Tacarcunan Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FE949B131C3AB651" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[360,570,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="880" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castaneus">Lasiurus castaneus</taxonomicName>
); 263. Hairy-tailed Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FCC19B131DF0B651" authorityName="Fazzolari-Correa" authorityYear="1994" box="[829,1008,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ebenus">Lasiurus ebenus</taxonomicName>
); 264. Jamaican Red Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FAEE9B131BDEB651" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1931" box="[1298,1502,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="degelidus">Lasiurus degelidus</taxonomicName>
); 265. Western Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F8F39B1319DAB651" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[1807,2010,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthinus">Lasiurus xanthinus</taxonomicName>
); 266. Northern Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31F6F39B1317F4B651" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1862" box="[2319,2548,3402,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="882" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">Lasiurus intermedius</taxonomicName>
); 267. Cuban Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FE859B281C34B6B8" authorityName="Hall &amp; Jones" authorityYear="1961" box="[377,564,3441,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">Lasiurus insularis</taxonomicName>
); 268. Southern Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8E6A31FC979B281DC6B6B8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[875,966,3441,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="875" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lasiurus</taxonomicName>
egal).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8D6A32FCE8974A1A6BB98C" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF8D6A32FCE8974A1A6BB98C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398342/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" targetBox="[172,764,284,698]" targetPageId="118">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FCE8974A1AA4BA06" blockId="118.[786,1378,275,702]" box="[788,1188,275,308]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8D6A32FCE8974A1AA4BA06" bold="true" box="[788,1188,275,308]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FCE9971A1B0DBA98" blockId="118.[786,1378,275,702]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8D6A32FCE9971A1B0DBA98" authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1806" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1806" baseAuthorityName="E.Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1806" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="villosissimus" subSpecies="villosissimus">L.v.villosissimusE.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1806—PeruSthroughBolivia,Paraguay,SBrazil,andUruguaytoCArgentina.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FCE997EC1ADEBACB" blockId="118.[786,1378,275,702]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8D6A32FCE997EC1ADEBACB" authority="Pira, 1904" authorityName="Pira" authorityYear="1904" baseAuthorityName="Pira" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="villosissimus" subSpecies="brasiliensis">L.v.brasiliensisPira,1904—SEBrazil(Mi-nasGeraisandSaoPaulostates).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FCE994591AC2B913" blockId="118.[786,1378,275,702]" box="[789,1218,512,545]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8D6A32FCE994591AC2B913" authority=": Tomes, 1857" authorityName=": Tomes" authorityYear="1857" box="[789,1218,512,545]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="villosissimus" subSpecies="gray">L.v.gray:Tomes,1857—Chile.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FCE994721DE8B95D" blockId="118.[786,1378,275,702]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8D6A32FCE994721AA5B97A" authority="Peters, 1870" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" box="[789,1189,555,584]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="villosissimus" subSpecies="pallescens" variety="pallescens">L. v. pallescens Peters, 1870</taxonomicName>
—
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8D6A32FB2594721B62B97A" box="[1241,1378,555,584]" name="Colombia" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8D6A32FCAC94171DE3B95D" box="[848,995,590,623]" name="Venezuela" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FCEE942F1A6BB98C" blockId="118.[786,1378,275,702]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
Also present on
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF8D6A32FC02942F1A8DB9A5" box="[1022,1165,630,663]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
Is, but subspecies involved not known.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8D6A32FF5194911A09BFA5" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FF5194911A09BFA5" blockId="118.[172,1381,712,2083]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8D6A32FF5194911FAFB9D7" bold="true" box="[173,431,712,741]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body ¢.
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8D6A32FD7794911CFAB9D7" box="[651,762,712,741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8D6A32FCB394911DECB9D7" box="[847,1004,712,741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" unit="mm" value="49.0" valueMax="59.0" valueMin="39.0">39-59 mm</quantity>
, ear
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8D6A32FBBF94911ACFB9D7" box="[1091,1231,712,741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="6.0">6-19 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8D6A32FF5294B51F32B83F" box="[174,306,748,781]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8-15 mm</quantity>
, forearm
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8D6A32FE4194B51C51B83F" box="[445,593,748,781]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" unit="mm" value="53.5" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="50.0">50-57 mm</quantity>
; weight
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8D6A32FD3594B51D35B83F" box="[713,821,748,781]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" unit="g" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18-22 g</quantity>
. Fur is frosted. Dorsal hairsare tricolored, with dark chestnut bases, yellowish middles, and dark chestnut distal bands with white tips. Ventral hairs are bicolored, with dark chestnut bases and light tips. Ears are small and rounded, with yellow hairs along internal margins and basal one-half of external surface; tragus is short and broad. Yellow hairs are also found on throat region, thumbs, and dorsal wing membranes. Fur on wing membranes extends from fifth metacarpal to elbow. Uropatagium is densely furred, with reddish brown hairs. Skull is large, with short rostrum and poorly developed lacrimal ridge. P? is present and reduced, sometimes absent. Dental formula is11/3, C1/1,P 2/2. M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 48, with medium-sized submetacentric X-chromosome and small acrocentric Y-chromosome.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8D6A32FF5192FF1F5EBFD4" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FF5192FF1F5EBFD4" blockId="118.[172,1381,712,2083]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8D6A32FF5192FF1F1DBF8D" bold="true" box="[173,285,1190,1215]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Habitat.</emphasis>
Rainforests, savannas, natural pasturelands, and urban areas at elevations of
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF8D6A32FF53929C1F5ABFD4" box="[175,346,1221,1254]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" unit="m" value="1950.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="600.0">600-3300 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8D6A32FF5192B41AE4BE6E" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FF5192B41AE4BE6E" blockId="118.[172,1381,712,2083]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8D6A32FF5192B41FBCBE3C" bold="true" box="[173,444,1261,1294]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Southern Hoary Bat has fast and straight flight, being observed mostly in open areas. Diet probably includes a great variety of insects. Analysis of stomach content of an individual from
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8D6A32FD0793621D7BBE6E" box="[763,891,1339,1372]" name="Paraguay" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
contained
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8D6A32FBE693621AE0BE6E" box="[1050,1248,1339,1372]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8D6A32FF51933A1C42BD13" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FF51933A1C42BD13" blockId="118.[172,1381,712,2083]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8D6A32FF51933A1F34BEB6" bold="true" box="[173,308,1379,1412]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Breeding.</emphasis>
Litter size is 1-4 young, most frequently two. Neonates are covered with thin gray hairs. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8D6A32FE5093D31C3CBE99" box="[428,572,1418,1451]" name="Argentina" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, pregnant Southern Hoary Bats were captured in August, November, andJanuary and lactating females in earlyJanuary. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8D6A32FBC693E81A8CBEE0" box="[1082,1164,1457,1490]" name="Brazil" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, neonates were observed in late November. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8D6A32FD8C93801CBFBEC8" box="[624,703,1497,1530]" name="Brazil" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8D6A32FCF193801D9DBEC8" box="[781,925,1497,1530]" name="Argentina" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, flying young were observed in December and earlyJanuary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8D6A32FF5090711C10BDA5" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FF5090711C10BDA5" blockId="118.[172,1381,712,2083]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8D6A32FF5090711F9EBD7B" bold="true" box="[172,414,1576,1609]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Roosts of Southern Hoary Bats include banana trees, palm tree leaves, hollow trees, and foliage. Predators include common barn-owls (7yto alba) and stygian owls (Asio stygius).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8D6A32FF5190C71A8DBC3C" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FF5190C71A8DBC3C" blockId="118.[172,1381,712,2083]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8D6A32FF5190C71D6CBD8D" bold="true" box="[173,876,1694,1727]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
In extreme southern
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF8D6A32FB5A90C71AF7BD8D" box="[1190,1271,1694,1727]" name="Brazil" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Southern Hoary Bats probably migrate northward and reach plateaus, central depression, and natural pasturelands of
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF8D6A32FDC790B41D90BC3C" box="[571,912,1773,1806]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Rio Grande do Sul State</collectingRegion>
. They are solitary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8D6A32FF51914D1F2EBCB6" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FF51914D1F2EBCB6" blockId="118.[172,1381,712,2083]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8D6A32FF51914D1C0BBC07" bold="true" box="[173,523,1812,1845]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF8D6A32FDEB914D1C4CBC07" box="[535,588,1812,1845]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Not</collectingRegion>
assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Southern Hoary Bat is included under the Northern Hoary Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF8D6A32FCC991651DCABC6F" baseAuthorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" baseAuthorityYear="1796" box="[821,970,1852,1885]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">L. cinereus</taxonomicName>
), which is classified as Least Concern.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF8D6A32FF5191CA1B61B311" pageId="118" pageNumber="876" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF8D6A32FF5191CA1B61B311" blockId="118.[172,1381,712,2083]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF8D6A32FF5191CA1F46BC9E" bold="true" box="[173,326,1939,1964]" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Acosta (1950), Baird et al. (2015), Barquez et al. (1999), Bianconi &amp; Pedro (2017), Cabrera (1958),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF8D6A32FF5191E21EE9BCE6" box="[173,233,1979,2004]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="118" pageNumber="876">Costa</collectingRegion>
et al. (2016), Gardner &amp; Handley (2008), Gonzalez (1989), Graham &amp; Barkley (1984), Marchesin &amp; Morielle-Versute (2004), Morales-Martinez &amp; Ramirez-Chaves (2015), Novaes, Garbino et al. (2018), Sanborn &amp; Crespo (1957), Shump &amp; Shump (1982b), Silva (1985), Simmons (2005), Tiranti &amp; Torres (1998), Vizotto &amp; Taddei (1973).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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