304 lines
41 KiB
XML
304 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="150493A3CCFCCA8E5BE46C768500860B" ID-CLB-Dataset="9504" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2020.1746426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a33c8231-6ff0-4198-ac1e-3e52fe251db3" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290471" ID-ZooBank="61D1A59D-3702-480A-B146-73067C29CD82" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1606311042563" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van & Copeland, Robert S." docDate="2020" docId="14566979FFD63A6D84AFFDA6FD1963BF" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.54.9-12.703-722.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 54 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tanaostigma mulu van Noort 2020, sp. nov" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="715" masterDocId="E86F1101FFDC3A608530FF99FFFD6500" masterDocTitle="First record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenopteraı Chalcidoideaı Tanaostigmatidae) from the Afrotropical region with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="703" pageNumber="712" updateTime="1698846559214" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A70E68AEE07D33369923EF32E4C682A8">First record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenopteraı Chalcidoideaı Tanaostigmatidae) from the Afrotropical region with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3AEFAD44B793F4A6FD0A5422397A9097">Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9698E66EE724A97DD8B54FD65444B6E5">Copeland, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="23ED1B5145E70713B1CBCEA0D00C4DF4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="400D22276E58B2DAD7FA8A2DE73F9462">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D256C14FCD8618AACD062D52E69E15A7">
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<mods:date id="9F2EF869D4C80B2A48427A5711ADCF44">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="57DD75FDA21203429A00E93D02D31851">2020-09-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9BDD7A3688855486FDD7A6FD503E2510">54</mods:number>
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<treatment id="14566979FFD63A6D84AFFDA6FD1963BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328727" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170529783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328727" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:14566979FFD63A6D84AFFDA6FD1963BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14566979FFD63A6D84AFFDA6FD1963BF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="715" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD63A6A84AFFDA6FC786759" box="[415,901,575,601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD63A6A84AFFDA6FC786759" blockId="10.[415,901,575,635]" box="[415,901,575,601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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<heading id="C7086F03FFD63A6A84AFFDA6FC786759" box="[415,901,575,601]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A84AFFDA6FC786759" bold="true" box="[415,901,575,601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD63A6A84AFFDA6FCE06759" authority="van Noort" authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[415,797,575,601]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A84AFFDA6FD6D6759" bold="true" box="[415,656,575,601]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Tanaostigma mulu</emphasis>
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van Noort
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B5B8B906FFD63A6A8615FDA6FC786759" box="[805,901,575,601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD63A6A873CFDF8FCEA677B" box="[524,791,609,635]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD63A6A873CFDF8FCEA677B" blockId="10.[415,901,575,635]" box="[524,791,609,635]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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(
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<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD63A6A8724FDF8FD46677B" box="[532,699,609,635]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@11.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female.(a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus,dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290477/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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Figures 3(a
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A87ACFDF8FD56677B" box="[668,683,609,635]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">–</emphasis>
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f)
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD63A6A87FAFDF8FCFB677B" box="[714,774,609,635]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@12.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female. (a) Metasoma, lateral view (b) Mesosoma, head and antenna (c) Pedicel and anelli (d) Scutellum, metanotum and propodeum (e) Trans-scutellar suture (f) Metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290480/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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4(a
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A87DFFDF8FD03677B" box="[751,766,609,635]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">–</emphasis>
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f
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</figureCitation>
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))
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD63A6A8590FD0EFC896617" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD63A6A8590FD0EFC896617" blockId="10.[160,1156,663,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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<materialsCitation id="2C97D232FFD63A6A8590FD0EFC896617" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2985539303" collectingDate="2017-12-11" collectingDateMax="2017-12-25" collectingDateMin="2017-12-11" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="NMKE" collectorName="R. Copeland & WaspWeb" country="Kenya" elevation="689" latitude="-2.11412" location="Eastern Prov." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="38.23989" municipality="Mulu Musingila Farm" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" specimenCode="SAMC 2019" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A8590FD0EFEFC67AF" box="[160,257,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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<typeStatus id="434466CDFFD63A6A8590FD0EFEFC67AF" box="[160,257,663,687]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="8AF913E6FFD63A6A843AFD0EFEE367AF" box="[266,286,663,687]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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(deposited in
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<collectionCode id="FAEE40AAFFD63A6A84F6FD0EFDF067AF" box="[454,525,663,687]" country="Kenya" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dhtn-7yaw" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">NMKE</collectionCode>
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), point mounted:
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<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD63A6A87E9FD0EFCD567AF" box="[729,808,663,687]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">KENYA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="99208EB4FFD63A6A8603FD0EFC3767AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:14566979FFD63A6D84AFFDA6FD1963BF:99208EB4FFD63A6A8603FD0EFC3767AF" box="[819,970,663,687]" country="Kenya" latitude="-2.11412" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="38.23989" municipality="Mulu Musingila Farm" name="Eastern Prov." pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Eastern Prov.</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="7C244215FFD63A6A86E5FD0EFF0667D2" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Mulu Musingila Farm</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<quantity id="5B07758AFFD63A6A8435FD23FEB167D2" box="[261,332,698,722]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.89" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" unit="m" value="689.0">
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<elevation id="17D23F5CFFD63A6A8435FD23FEB167D2" box="[261,332,698,722]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.89" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" unit="m" value="689.0">689 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F9CBBEA8FFD63A6A8466FD23FE3067D2" box="[342,461,698,722]" degrees="2.11412" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" precision="1" value="-2.11412">2.11412° S</geoCoordinate>
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.
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||
<geoCoordinate id="F9CBBEA8FFD63A6A84E6FD23FDA767D2" box="[470,602,698,722]" degrees="38.23989" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" precision="1" value="38.23989">38.23989° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingMethod id="45BEA078FFD63A6A8753FD23FD1067D2" box="[611,749,698,722]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
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, farmland near small, seasonally wet area,
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<date id="E841FEAFFFD63A6A8436FD45FDE767F4" box="[262,538,732,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" value="2017-12-11" valueMax="2017-12-25" valueMin="2017-12-11">
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||
<collectingDate id="F8050747FFD63A6A8436FD45FDE767F4" box="[262,538,732,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" value="2017-12-11" valueMax="2017-12-25" valueMin="2017-12-11">
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||
11
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A8412FD45FED267F4" box="[290,303,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">–</emphasis>
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25 December 2017
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</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="310ABDB9FFD63A6A871EFD45FD3C67F4" box="[558,705,732,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">R. Copeland</collectorName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD63A6A87E5FD45FC9E67F4" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[725,867,732,756]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A87E5FD45FC9E67F4" box="[725,867,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Tanaostigma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, 6904
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A8681FD45FC4367F4" box="[945,958,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">–</emphasis>
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23, ICIPE 10307, USNMENT-01448450, imaged
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<collectorName id="310ABDB9FFD63A6A8720FD66FD7E6617" box="[528,643,767,791]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">WaspWeb</collectorName>
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, LAS 4.9, SAMC 2019.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD63A6D8590FCDDFE99641B" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="715" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD63A6A8590FCDDFE63665D" blockId="10.[160,1156,836,1727]" box="[160,414,836,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A8590FCDDFE63665D" bold="true" box="[160,414,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Description of female</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD63A6A8590FCFFFC6E614F" blockId="10.[160,1156,836,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A8590FCFFFEA7667F" bold="true" box="[160,346,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Size and colour.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="5B07758AFFD63A6A84F1FCFEFDEA667F" box="[449,535,871,895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="712" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
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. Head and body black with extensive areas of the head, mesosoma, and metasoma covered with white squamiferous setae, absent on mesopleura, antero-medial portion of mesoscutum, anterior half of scutellum, medial dorsal and anterior ventral areas of metasoma. Scape orange-brown, pedicel brown, flagellar segments black except for last club segment, which is orange-yellow. Distal two-thirds of hind tibiae yellow-orange. All tarsi yellowish-orange, as are distal quarter of pro and mesotibiae, and apex of hind femora. Finer, white setae present on legs.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD63A6A85F0FBC3FD6D6312" blockId="10.[160,1156,836,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A85F0FBC3FF046172" box="[192,249,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD63A6A8437FBC3FE786172" box="[263,389,1114,1138]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,144,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Tanaostigma lasallei Holotype female. (a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus, dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290473/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Figure 1(e))</figureCitation>
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1.35 times wider than high. Lateral ocellus closer to eye margin than to median ocellus (OOL:LOL: 0.66), situated directly adjacent to sharp occipital carinal crest, which curves inwards towards median ocellus. Scrobal impression shallow, glabrate. Inter-antennal projection small. Genal sulcus complete. Head sculpture elongate reticulate on face grading to imbricate on frons, with evenly dispersed white squamiferous setae present on face and frons, grading into more normal white setae on vertex, setae largely absent on posterior head including genae posterior of genal sulcus. Mandible not visible (obscured by legs). Antenna (
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<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD63A6A8707FAD4FD376065" box="[567,714,1357,1381]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@11.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female.(a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus,dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290477/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Figure 3(b,c))</figureCitation>
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with scape 3.6 times longer than wide, with flattened ventral expansion present on distal half. Pedicel 1.4 times longer than wide. Two anelli, first about half as long as, and slightly narrower than second. First two funicular segments as wide as long, remaining segments wider than long, not laterally compressed. Club 1.5 times longer than wide, proximally almost as broad as preceding funicle segment, gradually narrowing to tip.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD63A6C85F0F984FC006335" blockId="10.[160,1156,836,1727]" lastBlockId="12.[160,1156,1460,1727]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="714" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">
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<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD63A6A85F0F984FECB6335" box="[192,310,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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dorsally minutely reticulate, punctiferous where setae present, covered with white squamiferous setae, except for mesoscutum anterior of notauli and axillae which have small, fine white setae. Notauli incomplete, absent posteriorly. Scutellum (
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<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD63A6A8598F91CFECC639D" box="[168,305,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@11.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female.(a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus,dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290477/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Figures 3(d)</figureCitation>
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and
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD63A6A845EF91CFE5F639D" box="[366,418,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@12.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female. (a) Metasoma, lateral view (b) Mesosoma, head and antenna (c) Pedicel and anelli (d) Scutellum, metanotum and propodeum (e) Trans-scutellar suture (f) Metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290480/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">4(d))</figureCitation>
|
||
without lateral glabrate area, devoid of white setae in anterior third. Propodeum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD63A6A84B2F93EFDF763BF" box="[386,522,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@12.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female. (a) Metasoma, lateral view (b) Mesosoma, head and antenna (c) Pedicel and anelli (d) Scutellum, metanotum and propodeum (e) Trans-scutellar suture (f) Metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290480/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="712">Figure 4(d))</figureCitation>
|
||
laterally glabrate, medially reticulate with no medial carina; metanotal trough with three large metanotal fovea, not extending medially beyond small central metanotal fovea. Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD73A6B87CBFA4EFC8660EF" box="[763,891,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@11.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female.(a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus,dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290477/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="713">Figure 3(c))</figureCitation>
|
||
dorsally with reticulate surface sculpture, ventrally with elongate reticulate sculpture, medially finely reticulate, without setae. Sternopleural suture fused with mesopleural suture. Metapleuron covered with a dense cluster of long white setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD73A6B8799F9A6FCD66357" box="[681,811,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@11.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female.(a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus,dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290477/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="713">Figure 3(c))</figureCitation>
|
||
; which extend to the proximal dorsal surface of the hind coxa. Leg segments laterally flattened; all tibiae with sharp dorsal margin. Hind femora with a distal ventral angulate extension, curving inwards to end of femur; hind tibiae with a proximal dorsal carina. Wings hyaline; fore wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD73A6C810BF93EFF3060CD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@11.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female.(a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus,dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290477/files/figure.png" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="714" pageId="11" pageNumber="713">Figure 3(f))</figureCitation>
|
||
with transverse band of dark, modified setae; fore wing twice as long as wide. Venation light yellowish-brown. Stigmal vein strong, distinctly curved, as long as postmarginal vein. Fore wing marginal fringe present apically, extending ventrally to anal angle. Costal cell: marginal vein: stigmal vein: postmarginal vein = 14:9:4:4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C88088E7FFD73A6B8590FA9EFEA66059" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290477" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290477/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="713" startId="11.[160,225,1287,1310]" targetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD73A6B8590FA9EFEA66059" blockId="11.[160,1156,1287,1369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="713">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD73A6B8590FA9EFF05601E" bold="true" box="[160,248,1287,1310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="713">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD73A6B85CEFA9EFE4C601E" authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[254,433,1287,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="713" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD73A6B85CEFA9EFE4C601E" box="[254,433,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="713">Tanaostigma mulu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Holotype female. (a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus, dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C88088E7FFD03A6C8590FA9EFE746059" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4290480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290480/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="714" startId="12.[160,225,1287,1310]" targetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD03A6C8590FA9EFE746059" blockId="12.[160,1155,1287,1369]" pageId="12" pageNumber="714">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD03A6C8590FA9EFF01601E" bold="true" box="[160,252,1287,1310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="714">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD03A6C8435FA9EFE46601E" authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[261,443,1287,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="714" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD03A6C8435FA9EFE46601E" box="[261,443,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="714">Tanaostigma mulu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Holotype female. (a) Metasoma, lateral view (b) Mesosoma, head and antenna (c) Pedicel and anelli (d) Scutellum, metanotum and propodeum (e) Trans-scutellar suture (f) Metasoma, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD03A6D85F0F9A6FE0065C9" blockId="12.[160,1156,1460,1727]" lastBlockId="13.[160,1155,142,201]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="715" pageId="12" pageNumber="714">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD03A6C85F0F9A6FECF6357" box="[192,306,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="714">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD03A6C8471F9A6FE416357" box="[321,444,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@12.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female. (a) Metasoma, lateral view (b) Mesosoma, head and antenna (c) Pedicel and anelli (d) Scutellum, metanotum and propodeum (e) Trans-scutellar suture (f) Metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290480/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="714">Figure 4(f))</figureCitation>
|
||
elongate reticulate; T1 with transverse rows of scattered setae, T3-T5 without setae for most of the dorsal medial surface; T6 with two rows of setae, only absent on midline. Posterior margin of T2 with shallow medial invagination; posterior margin of T3-T7 straight, without medial incision or medial line. Ovipositor short. Each pygostyle with four setae, two extremely elongate, half as long as metasoma, the remaining pair half this length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD13A6D8590FE9AFE99641B" blockId="13.[160,356,259,284]" box="[160,356,259,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8590FE9AFF1C641C" bold="true" box="[160,225,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD13A6D8590FECCFE2964D6" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD13A6D8590FECCFE2964D6" blockId="13.[160,1155,341,470]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8590FECCFED8646E" bold="true" box="[160,293,341,366]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The trans-scutellar sutural membrane is exposed and expanded in the specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D85CFFEE1FEA86490" authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[255,341,376,400]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D85CFFEE1FEA86490" box="[255,341,376,400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. mulu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
giving it a very different mesosomal appearance than the two other species that have the potential articulation between the mesoscutum and scutellum in the normal closed position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD13A6D8590FD96FC6066A6" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD13A6D8590FD96FC6066A6" blockId="13.[160,1156,527,934]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8590FD96FEE76728" bold="true" box="[160,282,527,552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D841AFD89FE126728" authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[298,495,528,552]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D841AFD89FE126728" box="[298,495,528,552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Tanaostigma mulu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D862CFD89FC586728" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[796,933,528,552]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D862CFD89FC586728" box="[796,933,528,552]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Tanaostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a band of strongly modified dark setae on the fore wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD13A6D87ACFDAAFCEF674B" box="[668,786,563,587]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@11.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female.(a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus,dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290477/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Figure 3(f))</figureCitation>
|
||
, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D86BEFDAAFBCB674B" box="[910,1078,563,587]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umkumbusho">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D86BEFDAAFBCB674B" box="[910,1078,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. umkumbusho</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a much more obvious dark transverse band, a longer stigmal vein and more elongate fore wing. Presence of modified setae is shared with the Neotropical species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D86F5FDE1FBD36790" box="[965,1070,632,656]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D86F5FDE1FBD36790" box="[965,1070,632,656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which, however, has a patterned appearance. The stigmal vein is strongly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD13A6D8688FD02FBD067B3" box="[952,1069,667,691]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@11.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female.(a) Habitus, lateral view (b) Habitus,dorsal view (c) Head and mesosoma, lateral view (d) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (e) Head, anterior view (f) Wings (inset: data labels)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290477/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Figure 3(f))</figureCitation>
|
||
. Notauli incomplete, absent posteriorly, a character state shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D8605FD27FC3567D6" authorityName="Noort & Copeland" authorityYear="2020" box="[821,968,702,726]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ukumbusho">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8605FD27FC3567D6" box="[821,968,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. ukumbusho</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all other species have complete notauli. The scutellum lacks the lateral glabrate area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD13A6D8641FD79FC1167F8" box="[881,1004,736,760]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-111@12.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Tanaostigma mulu Holotype female. (a) Metasoma, lateral view (b) Mesosoma, head and antenna (c) Pedicel and anelli (d) Scutellum, metanotum and propodeum (e) Trans-scutellar suture (f) Metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290480/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Figure 4(d))</figureCitation>
|
||
; and posterior margin of T2-T4 without medial incision (
|
||
<figureCitation id="04C4C4EAFFD13A6D8756FC9AFD23661B" box="[614,734,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1287,1310]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1254]" captionTargetId="figure-114@8.[163,1153,142,1255]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 2. Tanaostigma lasallei Holotype female. (a) Clypeus and mandibles (b) Antenna (c) Pedicel and anelli (d) Scutellum, metanotum and propodeum (e) Trans-scutellar suture (f) Metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4290475/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Figure 2(f))</figureCitation>
|
||
. All three of these character states are shared with the other two African species, and the Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D860FFCBFFC59663E" box="[831,932,806,830]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D860FFCBFFC59663E" box="[831,932,806,830]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which in contrast to the black African species,is strikingly coloured with pink, orange and white areas on the pleural regions and face. The remaining species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D875BFCF2FD096683" authorityName="Howard" authorityYear="1890" box="[619,756,875,899]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D875BFCF2FD096683" box="[619,756,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Tanaostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a straight stigmal vein, glabrate areas on the scutellum and medial incisions on the metasomal tergites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD13A6D8590FC46FC12600D" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD13A6D8590FC46FC12600D" blockId="13.[160,1156,991,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8590FC46FEF366F8" bold="true" box="[160,270,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Affinities.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the putative morphological synapomorphy of modified setae on the fore wing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D8428FB9AFE96611B" authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[280,363,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8428FB9AFE96611B" box="[280,363,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. mulu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D8791FB9AFCC7611B" authorityName="Noort & Copeland" authorityYear="2020" box="[673,826,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ukumbusho">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8791FB9AFCC7611B" box="[673,826,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. ukumbusho</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these two species probably forming a monophyletic clade, sister to the next most similar species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D86F7FBBCFBD1613D" authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[967,1068,1061,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasallei">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D86F7FBBCFBD1613D" box="[967,1068,1061,1085]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. lasallei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which, however, only has a small patch of weakly modified setae below the marginal vein. All three of these African species are possibly related to the Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D86A9FBF2FBFC6183" box="[921,1025,1131,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D86A9FBF2FBFC6183" box="[921,1025,1131,1155]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. stanleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also has extensive patches of modified fore wing setae, albeit in a different patterned configuration. Like the other African species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D8774FB29FD6F61C8" authorityName="van Noort" authorityYear="2020" box="[580,658,1200,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulu">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8774FB29FD6F61C8" box="[580,658,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. mulu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have flattened or widened funicular segments suggesting a similarity to the Neotropical species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BFFA3ECFFD13A6D867DFB4AFC3261EB" baseAuthorityName="Crawford" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[845,975,1235,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Tanaostigmatidae" genus="Tanaostigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="slossonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D867DFB4AFC3261EB" box="[845,975,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">T. slossonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also has funicular segments that are not flattened, but which are subequal in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD13A6D8590FADEFE2160C8" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD13A6D8590FADEFE2160C8" blockId="13.[160,1155,1351,1480]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8590FADEFEDE6060" bold="true" box="[160,291,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8711FAD1FD996060" box="[545,612,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">‘mulu’</emphasis>
|
||
is Kiswahili (a widely spoken East African language) for
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8410FAF3FEDB6082" box="[288,294,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">‘</emphasis>
|
||
heap
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D846EFAF3FE9E6082" box="[350,355,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">’</emphasis>
|
||
, referring to the heaped or humped appearance of the mesosoma in lateral view, and is also the first part of the name of the farm encompassing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="434466CDFFD13A6D8161FA14FB7E60A5" box="[1105,1155,1421,1445]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. Noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD13A6D8590F998FCE2631A" box="[160,799,1537,1562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD13A6D8590F998FCE2631A" blockId="13.[160,799,1537,1562]" box="[160,799,1537,1562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8590F998FECE631A" bold="true" box="[160,307,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E898FFFFD13A6D8473F99BFE77631A" box="[323,394,1538,1562]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Known only from Eastern Province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD13A6D8590F9CDFE7F636D" box="[160,386,1620,1645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD13A6D8590F9CDFE7F636D" blockId="13.[160,386,1620,1645]" box="[160,386,1620,1645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8590F9CDFF03636D" bold="true" box="[160,254,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E58BE4FFD13A6D8590F93FFD1963BF" box="[160,740,1702,1727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C40D86FFFD13A6D8590F93FFD1963BF" blockId="13.[160,740,1702,1727]" box="[160,740,1702,1727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE8B047DFFD13A6D8590F93FFEFD63BF" bold="true" box="[160,256,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="715">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Farmland near small, seasonally wet area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |