609 lines
66 KiB
XML
609 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="7A6EABBCE77B6C721F24C31A8B792AD8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.169909" ID-GBIF-Dataset="080b6fa2-e039-4657-b23f-e1b2b53c4d7a" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="169909" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459747982512" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Olson, Storrs L. & Matsuoka, Hiroshige" docDate="2005" docId="12298798790AFFBCFEFA50C6E6CE0F60" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01046p015.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1046" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Limnofregata hasegawai Olson & Matsuoka, 2005, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="EE10FFE0790FFFB6FFF25472E77F0963" masterDocTitle="New specimens of the early Eocene frigatebird Limnofregata (Pelecaniformes: Fregatidae), with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698210658024" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E8BC366C8DBF9A6212C19AA5D0F12AFE">New specimens of the early Eocene frigatebird Limnofregata (Pelecaniformes: Fregatidae), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5EA2770C8320D62627D6CEBE0AF8BAE7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8CB3DEDF4FC9423928D77761E954F92A">Olson, Storrs L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="57F8705CED1207CC38D6EC2113AC59EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3AC49F02FC5D7CCE66E0FE9D24EEE75C">Matsuoka, Hiroshige</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6D843F16A9E8509599ACFF529F24DD68">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="80206D03678A3706A6EDE2951E425150">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E312CA60DB8210D9DB22FCDEB3DF4D91">
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<mods:date id="9844BD5F2A102CD0FC5E6A61533979FA">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="34DEEF5B8AE71AAFFF2D10FF98B21F54">1046</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="CDD332A09BFF55AB1761B3F9538A9D8B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="46D857F3BF75FD76116002C01E77CD4B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.169909</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A36DB0569FB79A08C35793FA2A0C1C2F" type="Zenodo-Dep">169909</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="12298798790AFFBCFEFA50C6E6CE0F60" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5623573" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119336919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5623573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:12298798790AFFBCFEFA50C6E6CE0F60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/12298798790AFFBCFEFA50C6E6CE0F60" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="D29A6505790AFFB3FEFA50C6E6F60D92" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E790AFFB3FEFA50C6E5AC0DAD" blockId="5.[264,723,1204,1265]" box="[264,723,1204,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="C17781E2790AFFB3FEFA50C6E5AC0DAD" bold="true" box="[264,723,1204,1230]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C790AFFB3FEFA50C6E5AC0DAD" bold="true" box="[264,723,1204,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D790AFFB3FEFA50C6E54B0DAD" box="[264,564,1204,1230]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C790AFFB3FEFA50C6E54B0DAD" bold="true" box="[264,564,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Limnofregata hasegawai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B3C757E7790AFFB3FDB150C6E5AC0DAD" box="[579,723,1204,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E790AFFB3FEFA50A5E6F60D92" blockId="5.[264,723,1204,1265]" box="[264,393,1239,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(
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<figureCitation id="02BB2A0B790AFFB3FEE350A5E6000D92" box="[273,383,1239,1265]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="6.[264,367,953,977]" captionStartId-1="7.[264,367,1331,1355]" captionStartId-2="8.[264,367,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox-0="[322,1263,409,919]" captionTargetBox-1="[340,1246,283,1323]" captionTargetBox-2="[321,1265,449,1322]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[321,1266,409,947]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[340,1248,283,1327]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[321,1266,449,1322]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Limnofregata hasegawai, new species, holotype GMNH PV 170 (above), compared with skull and mandible of the holotype of L. azygosternon USNM 22753 (below)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Limnofregata hasegawai, new species, paratype, FMNH PA 719, skull and mandible. Scale = 2 cm. Inset: right and left lacrimal bones showing pneumatic foramina in the corpus." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Limnofregata hasegawai, paratype, BMS E 25336 associated pelvis and hindlimbs without feet." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/169914/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/169915/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/169916/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D29A6505790AFFB3FEFA516BE5E30F2F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E790AFFB3FEFA516BE4820C9F" blockId="5.[264,1324,1305,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<typeStatus id="453B882C790AFFB3FEFA516BE6050C50" box="[264,378,1305,1331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C790AFFB3FEFA516BE6050C50" bold="true" box="[264,378,1305,1331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="FC91AE4B790AFFB3FE635168E6940C57" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34942" box="[401,491,1306,1332]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34942" name="Georgia Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">GMNH</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="FC91AE4B790AFFB3FE015168E5660C57" box="[499,537,1306,1332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">PV</collectionCode>
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170, skull and mandible with quadrates, lacrimals, palatines, atlas, axis, and cervical vertebrae 3–7 (
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<figureCitation id="02BB2A0B790AFFB3FD7C5130E5A90C3F" box="[654,726,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[264,367,953,977]" captionTargetBox="[322,1263,409,919]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[321,1266,409,947]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Limnofregata hasegawai, new species, holotype GMNH PV 170 (above), compared with skull and mandible of the holotype of L. azygosternon USNM 22753 (below)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169914/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Color brownish black. The skull is preserved in right dorsolateral view with the mandible and right quadrate still in articulation. The left quadrate has been displaced and lies upsidedown, with the mandibular articulation visible along the edge of the left orbit. The lacrimals are still nearly in articulation with the frontals, the right palatine is exposed but neither pterygoid is visible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E790AFFB3FECA527BE5E30F2F" blockId="5.[264,1324,1305,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C790AFFB3FECA527BE6E10F40" bold="true" box="[312,414,1545,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Locality</emphasis>
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: Smith Hollow Quarry, Lewis Ranch (Locality B of
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<bibRefCitation id="FE114B7F790AFFB3FBE85278E6390F2F" author="Grande" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Grande, L. & Buchheim, H. P. (1994) Paleontological and sedimentological variation in early Eocene Fossil Lake. Contributions to Geology University of Wyoming, 30, 33 - 56." type="journal article" year="1994">Grande and Buchheim, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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), Lincoln County, Wyoming.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D29A6505790AFFB3FECA522BE45A0F8F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E790AFFB3FECA522BE45A0F8F" blockId="5.[264,1324,1305,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C790AFFB3FECA522BE6E10F10" bold="true" box="[312,414,1625,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Horizon</emphasis>
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: Said to have been collected "
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<quantity id="5D789B6B790AFFB3FCE25228E41E0F17" box="[784,865,1626,1652]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 m</quantity>
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" from Referred Specimen 1 of
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<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D790AFFB3FB2B5228E6110FF8" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosterno">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C790AFFB3FB2B5228E6110FF8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. azygosterno</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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n (GMNH PV 167). Presumably this distance is intended as vertical as the matrix and the coloration of the bone (blackish vs. brown) are different. Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation, late early Eocene.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D29A6505790AFFB3FECA528BE6D80E07" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E790AFFB3FECA528BE6D80E07" blockId="5.[264,1324,1305,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C790AFFB3FECA528BE6C00E70" bold="true" box="[312,447,1785,1811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology</emphasis>
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: To our esteemed colleague and friend Yoshikazu Hasegawa of the Gunma Museum of Natural History in recognition of his many contributions to vertebrate paleontology.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D29A65057909FFB0FECA5569E4BA083E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E7909FFB0FECA5569E4BA083E" blockId="6.[264,1321,283,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FECA5569E6CF0856" bold="true" box="[312,432,283,309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Much larger than
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<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7909FFB0FD65556EE42D0856" box="[663,850,284,309]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FD65556EE42D0856" box="[663,850,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Rostrum proportionately much longer, 1.6 times as long as the cranium, vs.
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<quantity id="5D789B6B7909FFB0FD4A5536E584083D" box="[696,763,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5559999999999996" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="1.4">1.4 in</quantity>
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FCF05536E4BA083E" box="[770,965,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7909FFB0FCF05536E4BE083E" box="[770,961,324,349]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">L. azygosternon</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="CEFF66067909FFB0FEFA57CBE3020A90" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169914/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[322,1263,409,919]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E7909FFB0FEFA57CBE3020A90" blockId="6.[264,1322,953,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FEFA57CBE6FA0AB2" bold="true" box="[264,389,953,977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7909FFB0FE6F57C8E5D80AB2" box="[413,679,954,977]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FE6F57C8E5D80AB2" box="[413,679,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Limnofregata hasegawai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B3C757E77909FFB0FD4457C8E4470AB2" box="[694,824,954,977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, holotype GMNH PV 170 (above), compared with skull and mandible of the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7909FFB0FD2657AFE4000A97" box="[724,895,989,1012]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FD2657AFE4000A97" box="[724,895,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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USNM 22753 (below).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="D29A65057909FFBCFECA503BE6CE0F60" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E7909FFB0FECA503BE4F20C67" blockId="6.[264,1325,1097,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FECA503BE5AF0D00" bold="true" box="[312,720,1097,1123]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Measurements (mm) of
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<typeStatus id="453B882C7909FFB0FD97503BE5AF0D00" box="[613,720,1097,1123]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: Measurements that are comparable to those published for
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<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7909FFB0FE775000E5B40DE8" box="[389,715,1138,1163]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
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<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FE775000E5B40DE8" box="[389,715,1138,1163]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Limnofregata azygosternon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appear in
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<tableCitation id="D70203357909FFB0FCBC5000E4D40DEF" box="[846,939,1138,1164]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[264,352,1440,1464]" captionTargetBox="[267,1291,1499,1876]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Cranial measurements of two species of Limnofregata compared" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CEFF66067908FFB1FEFA51D2E3460CDB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="CEFF66067908FFB1FEFA51D2E3460CDB">Table 2</tableCitation>
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||
. Additional measurements are: Cranium: width at nasofrontal hinge, 16.8. Lacrimal: length, 17.1. Quadrate: length of articulation with mandible (left), 15.8. Atlas: width 11.9. Axis: width 13.1. Cervical vertebra 3: length, 16.1. Cervical vertebra 5: length, 22.8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E7909FFB0FECA5163E3E30CC7" blockId="6.[264,1325,1097,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FECA5163E6C10C48" bold="true" box="[312,446,1297,1323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7909FFB0FECA5163E6D50C48" box="[312,426,1297,1323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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1
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</emphasis>
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: FMNH PA 719, complete skull and mandible with left quadrate, both lacrimals and pterygoids, assorted sclerotic plates, atlas, axis, and cervical vertebra 3 (
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<figureCitation id="02BB2A0B7909FFB0FB265148E2630C37" box="[1236,1308,1338,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,283,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[340,1248,283,1327]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Limnofregata hasegawai, new species, paratype, FMNH PA 719, skull and mandible. Scale = 2 cm. Inset: right and left lacrimal bones showing pneumatic foramina in the corpus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169915/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). The skull is preserved in dorsal and partial left lateral view with the entire left quadratojugal bar visible. The ventral surface of the mandible can be seen in its entirety.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A3F368E7909FFB0FECA51C3E58C0C97" blockId="6.[264,1325,1097,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FECA51C3E6E10CA8" bold="true" box="[312,414,1457,1483]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Locality</emphasis>
|
||
: Thomson Ranch (Locality H of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE114B7F7909FFB0FCDE51C0E3FE0CAF" author="Grande" box="[812,1153,1458,1484]" pageId="6" pageNumber="14" refString="Grande, L. & Buchheim, H. P. (1994) Paleontological and sedimentological variation in early Eocene Fossil Lake. Contributions to Geology University of Wyoming, 30, 33 - 56." type="journal article" year="1994">Grande and Buchheim, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ca.
|
||
<quantity id="5D789B6B7909FFB0FB4F51C0E2780CAF" box="[1213,1287,1458,1484]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
W of Kemmerer, Lincoln County, Wyoming.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7909FFB0FECA5273E6190F27" blockId="6.[264,1325,1097,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FECA5273E6E10F78" bold="true" box="[312,414,1537,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Horizon</emphasis>
|
||
: F2 facies, Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation, late early Eocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7909FFB0FECA5223E6960E3F" blockId="6.[264,1325,1097,1884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7909FFB0FECA5223E5430F08" bold="true" box="[312,572,1617,1643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Measurements (mm)</emphasis>
|
||
: The following are in addition to those in
|
||
<tableCitation id="D70203357909FFB0FBBB5220E3DA0F0F" box="[1097,1189,1618,1644]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[264,352,1440,1464]" captionTargetBox="[267,1291,1499,1876]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Cranial measurements of two species of Limnofregata compared" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CEFF66067908FFB1FEFA51D2E3460CDB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="CEFF66067908FFB1FEFA51D2E3460CDB">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Cranium: width at nasofrontal hinge, ca. 22. Pterygoid: length, 23.1. Quadrate: depth, 20.6; width of mandibular articulation, 15.7; length of otic process along dorsal edge, 12.2. Lacrimal: length, 18.1; depth including descending process, 19.0; depth of descending process, 12.5; greatest depth of corpus at posterior end 7.9. Mandible: posterior width (distance between external margins of articulations), 50.7; width of articulation, 17.3. Atlas: width and depth, 12.6 X 10.9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CEFF66067908FFB1FEFA5141E3950C0E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169915/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[340,1246,283,1323]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7908FFB1FEFA5141E3950C0E" blockId="7.[264,1323,1331,1389]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7908FFB1FEFA5141E6FB0C28" bold="true" box="[264,388,1331,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7908FFB1FE6B5141E5DD0C29" box="[409,674,1331,1354]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7908FFB1FE6B5141E5DD0C29" box="[409,674,1331,1354]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Limnofregata hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B3C757E77908FFB1FD425141E44F0C29" box="[688,816,1331,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratype, FMNH PA 719, skull and mandible. Scale = 2 cm. Inset: right and left lacrimal bones showing pneumatic foramina in the corpus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CEFF66067908FFB1FEFA51D2E3460CDB" ID-Table-UUID="CEFF66067908FFB1FEFA51D2E3460CDB" box="[264,1081,1440,1464]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CEFF66067908FFB1FEFA51D2E3460CDB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[267,1291,1499,1876]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7908FFB1FEFA51D2E3460CDB" blockId="7.[264,1081,1440,1464]" box="[264,1081,1440,1464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7908FFB1FEFA51D2E6040CDB" bold="true" box="[264,379,1440,1464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Cranial measurements of two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7908FFB1FCCB51D3E4B60CDB" box="[825,969,1441,1464]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7908FFB1FCCB51D3E4B60CDB" box="[825,969,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Limnofregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7908FFB1FEF951A9E3B10E37" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<table id="E880C42E79080049FEF951A9E2740E37" box="[267,1291,1499,1876]" gridcols="4" gridrows="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79080049FEF951A9E2740F53" box="[267,1291,1499,1584]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FEF951A9E5820F53" box="[267,765,1499,1584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Measurement</th>
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FCEE51A9E4CA0F53" box="[796,949,1499,1584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7908FFB1FCEE51AEE4CA0C92" box="[796,949,1500,1521]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7908FFB1FCEE51AEE4CA0C92" box="[796,949,1500,1521]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
USNM 22753 Holotype
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FC3E51A9E31B0F53" box="[972,1124,1499,1584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7908FFB1FC2B51AEE3270C92" box="[985,1112,1500,1521]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7908FFB1FC2B51AEE3270C92" box="[985,1112,1500,1521]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
GMNH PV 170 Holotype
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FB8851A9E2740F53" box="[1146,1291,1499,1584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7908FFB1FB7151AEE27C0C92" box="[1155,1283,1500,1521]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7908FFB1FB7151AEE27C0C92" box="[1155,1283,1500,1521]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
FMNH PA 719 Paratype 1
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79080049FEF95232E2740F36" box="[267,1291,1600,1621]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FEF95232E5820F36" box="[267,765,1600,1621]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Total length of skull and rostrum</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FCEE5232E4CA0F36" box="[796,949,1600,1621]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">132.1</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FC3E5232E31B0F36" box="[972,1124,1600,1621]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">158.4</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FB885232E2740F36" box="[1146,1291,1600,1621]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">156.1+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79080049FEF95217E2740F19" box="[267,1291,1637,1658]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FEF95217E5820F19" box="[267,765,1637,1658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Length of cranium to nasofrontal hinge</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FCEE5217E4CA0F19" box="[796,949,1637,1658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">55.3</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FC3E5217E31B0F19" box="[972,1124,1637,1658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">60.1</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FB885217E2740F19" box="[1146,1291,1637,1658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ca. 63</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79080049FEF952F8E2740FFC" box="[267,1291,1674,1695]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FEF952F8E5820FFC" box="[267,765,1674,1695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Length of rostrum from nasofrontal hinge</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FCEE52F8E4CA0FFC" box="[796,949,1674,1695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">76.8</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FC3E52F8E31B0FFC" box="[972,1124,1674,1695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">98.3</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FB8852F8E2740FFC" box="[1146,1291,1674,1695]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">100.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79080049FEF952C2E2740F87" box="[267,1291,1712,1764]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FEF952C2E5820F87" box="[267,765,1712,1764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Length from posterior margin of postorbital process to tip of premaxillary</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FCEE52C2E4CA0F87" box="[796,949,1712,1764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">118.8</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FC3E52C2E31B0F87" box="[972,1124,1712,1764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">141.2</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FB8852C2E2740F87" box="[1146,1291,1712,1764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">136+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79080049FEF95287E2740E69" box="[267,1291,1781,1802]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FEF95287E5820E69" box="[267,765,1781,1802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Total length of mandible</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FCEE5287E4CA0E69" box="[796,949,1781,1802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">120.6</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FC3E5287E31B0E69" box="[972,1124,1781,1802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">149.4</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FB885287E2740E69" box="[1146,1291,1781,1802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">149.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79080049FEF95368E2740E4C" box="[267,1291,1818,1839]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FEF95368E5820E4C" box="[267,765,1818,1839]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Length of quadratojugal bar</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FCEE5368E4CA0E4C" box="[796,949,1818,1839]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">50.0</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FC3E5368E31B0E4C" box="[972,1124,1818,1839]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">66.2</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FB885368E2740E4C" box="[1146,1291,1818,1839]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">65.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79080049FEF9534DE2740E37" box="[267,1291,1855,1876]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079080049FEF9534DE5820E37" box="[267,765,1855,1876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Greeatest depth of mandible</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FCEE534DE4CA0E37" box="[796,949,1855,1876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9.5</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FC3E534DE31B0E37" box="[972,1124,1855,1876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12.2</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079080049FB88534DE2740E37" box="[1146,1291,1855,1876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7907FFBEFECA5569E33608E5" blockId="8.[264,1322,283,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7907FFBEFECA5569E6BF0856" bold="true" box="[312,448,283,309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7907FFBEFECA5569E6D50856" box="[312,426,283,309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
2
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: BMS
|
||
<accessionNumber id="85D3AB6D7907FFBEFDEE556EE5040855" box="[540,635,284,310]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E25336" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="EnaNcbi">E25336</accessionNumber>
|
||
, pelvis with associated right and left femora and tibiotarsi, the first 5 free caudal vertebrae, and 10 presacral vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="02BB2A0B7907FFBEFC355536E370083D" box="[967,1039,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1348,1372]" captionTargetBox="[321,1265,449,1322]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[321,1266,449,1322]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Limnofregata hasegawai, paratype, BMS E 25336 associated pelvis and hindlimbs without feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169916/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Collected by Verl and Rick Hebdon and acquired by the Buffalo Museum of Science in 1982.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CEFF66067907FFBEFEFA5136E6EF0C1D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169916/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[321,1265,449,1322]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7907FFBEFEFA5136E6EF0C1D" blockId="8.[264,1324,1348,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7907FFBEFEFA5136E6F90C3F" bold="true" box="[264,390,1348,1372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7907FFBEFE525137E5D30C3F" box="[416,684,1349,1372]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7907FFBEFE525137E5D30C3F" box="[416,684,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Limnofregata hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype, BMS
|
||
<accessionNumber id="85D3AB6D7907FFBEFC985137E4B80C3F" box="[874,967,1349,1372]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E25336" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="EnaNcbi">E 25336</accessionNumber>
|
||
associated pelvis and hindlimbs without feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7907FFBEFECA51A8E6990F27" blockId="8.[264,1323,1498,1884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7907FFBEFECA51A8E6E10C97" bold="true" box="[312,414,1498,1524]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Locality</emphasis>
|
||
: Warfield Fossil Quarries at Warfield Springs (NW1/4, Sec. 5, T19N, R117W; locality K of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE114B7F7907FFBEFDFE5270E41E0F7F" author="Grande" box="[524,865,1538,1564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="14" refString="Grande, L. & Buchheim, H. P. (1994) Paleontological and sedimentological variation in early Eocene Fossil Lake. Contributions to Geology University of Wyoming, 30, 33 - 56." type="journal article" year="1994">Grande and Buchheim, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ca.
|
||
<quantity id="5D789B6B7907FFBEFC6D5270E4950F7F" box="[927,1002,1538,1564]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Kemmerer, Lincoln County, Wyoming.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7907FFBEFECA5220E43B0FDF" blockId="8.[264,1323,1498,1884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7907FFBEFECA5220E6E10F0F" bold="true" box="[312,414,1618,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Horizon</emphasis>
|
||
: F2 facies equivalent, Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation, late early Eocene. The specimen is from a
|
||
<quantity id="5D789B6B7907FFBEFCD05208E4160FF7" box="[802,873,1658,1684]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
thick layer of precipitated limestone overlying a
|
||
<quantity id="5D789B6B7907FFBEFE6152D0E5770FDF" box="[403,520,1698,1724]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 cm</quantity>
|
||
thick layer of bluish shale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7907FFBEFECA52B8E5EA0F87" blockId="8.[264,1323,1498,1884]" box="[312,661,1738,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7907FFBEFECA52B8E6900F87" bold="true" box="[312,495,1738,1764]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
: See
|
||
<tableCitation id="D70203357907FFBEFDC552B8E5F00F87" box="[567,655,1738,1764]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,645,669]" captionTargetBox="[267,1302,708,1430]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Length measurements (mm) of bones in four specimens of Limnofregata." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CEFF6606790CFFB5FEFA56F7E3E90BFE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="CEFF6606790CFFB5FEFA56F7E3E90BFE">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7907FFBEFECA5280E3300E3F" blockId="8.[264,1323,1498,1884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7907FFBEFECA5280E6B60E6F" bold="true" box="[312,457,1778,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E297761E7907FFBEFE145280E5790E6F" box="[486,518,1778,1804]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7907FFBEFDC05280E58E0E68" box="[562,753,1778,1803]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7907FFBEFDC05280E58E0E68" box="[562,753,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the nostril is long and open, the posteriormost corner being about
|
||
<quantity id="5D789B6B7907FFBEFE1D5368E5550E57" box="[495,554,1818,1844]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to the nasofrontal hinge. The anterior margin can now be clearly discerned as extending nearly to the premaxillary symphysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7906FFBFFECA556EE3D40BFD" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The configuration of the quadrate in ventral view in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFC6B556EE3470856" box="[921,1080,284,309]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFC6B556EE3470856" box="[921,1080,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limnofregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows some distinctive features. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFE355536E548083E" box="[455,567,324,349]" class="Aves" family="Phaethontidae" genus="Phaethon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phaethontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFE355536E548083E" box="[455,567,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaethon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the medial and lateral condyles are in the same transverse plane with practically no development of a posterior condyle. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFC24551EE34C08E6" box="[982,1075,364,389]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFC24551EE34C08E6" box="[982,1075,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the medial condyle extends posterolaterally as a more constricted crest, which then bends at nearly a right angle to the lateral condyle, the bend forming a rather weak posterior condyle with a deep depression anterior to it. The configuration in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFCAE5596E4CB089D" box="[860,948,484,510]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more complex, with the posterior condyle completely separate from the medial condyle.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFC2A567EE3080B46" box="[984,1143,524,549]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFC2A567EE3080B46" box="[984,1143,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limnofregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFEDB5646E6F90B2E" box="[297,390,564,589]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFEDB5646E6F90B2E" box="[297,390,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the medial condyle forming a long rolling crest with only an incipient posterior condyle and the lateral condyle is only slightly angled off of the long axis of the articular surface. The depression seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFD1D56F6E4320BFE" box="[751,845,644,669]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFD1D56F6E4320BFE" box="[751,845,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shallower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFBF756F6E3DC0BFE" box="[1029,1187,644,669]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFBF756F6E3DC0BFE" box="[1029,1187,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limnofregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7906FFBFFECA56DEE5030A5D" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The pterygoids are relatively much longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFC8656DEE36C0BA6" box="[884,1043,684,709]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFC8656DEE36C0BA6" box="[884,1043,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limnofregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFB7656DEE39E0BA6" box="[1156,1249,684,709]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFB7656DEE39E0BA6" box="[1156,1249,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with slightly curved rather than straight shafts that appear to be terete, without the flattened surfaces seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFE5F568EE5750A76" box="[429,522,764,789]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFE5F568EE5750A76" box="[429,522,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFD97568EE5BE0A75" box="[613,705,764,790]" class="Aves" family="Sulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They are quite unlike the very long, straight, and slender pterygoids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFDF75756E50A0A5E" box="[517,629,804,829]" class="Aves" family="Phaethontidae" genus="Phaethon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phaethontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFDF75756E50A0A5E" box="[517,629,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phaethon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7906FFBFFECA573EE5330D65" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The mandibular articulations are much heavier in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFC61573EE34D0A06" box="[915,1074,844,869]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFC61573EE34D0A06" box="[915,1074,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limnofregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFB6A573EE38A0A06" box="[1176,1269,844,869]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFB6A573EE38A0A06" box="[1176,1269,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the rami much thicker and deeper, and the mandibular symphysis shorter. In the ventral view afforded by the paratypical skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFD4E57EEE4240AD6" box="[700,859,924,949]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFD4E57EEE4240AD6" box="[700,859,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the internal processes of the articulations are shorter, thicker, and much less distinctly set off from the heavy proximal portion of the rami than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFE1A579EE53A0D66" box="[488,581,1004,1029]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFE1A579EE53A0D66" box="[488,581,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7906FFBFFECA5066E4C70CF5" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The one visible lacrimal in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7906FFBFFD5D5066E4690D4D" box="[687,790,1044,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFCB25066E4820D4E" box="[832,1021,1044,1069]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFCB25066E4820D4E" box="[832,1021,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is partially obscured and was misinterpreted in the original description. The entire structure is beautifully revealed in
|
||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7906FFBFFED45016E6F40D1D" box="[294,395,1124,1150]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
FMNH PA 719 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFD985016E4780D1E" box="[618,775,1124,1149]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFD985016E4780D1E" box="[618,775,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which both lacrimals are preserved with the entire external surface exposed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="02BB2A0B7906FFBFFD7E50FEE5B00DC5" box="[652,719,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[264,367,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,283,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[340,1248,283,1327]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Limnofregata hasegawai, new species, paratype, FMNH PA 719, skull and mandible. Scale = 2 cm. Inset: right and left lacrimal bones showing pneumatic foramina in the corpus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169915/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The corpus of the bone that articulates with the cranium is much larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFD7A50C6E59A0DAE" box="[648,741,1204,1229]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFD7A50C6E59A0DAE" box="[648,741,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the posterior portion broad and truncated. There are two small pneumatic foramina in the corpus, just anterior to the descending process. The descending process is very long and slender, with a very small expansion on the posterior margin about 2/3 the distance to the ventral extremity. The lacrimal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFB41515EE26F0C26" box="[1203,1296,1324,1349]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFB41515EE26F0C26" box="[1203,1296,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very different, with a small, nonpneumatic corpus and a greatly expanded, inflated descending process that bears a single pneumatic foramen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7906FFBFFECA51D6E3490FCD" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The postcranial specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFD6451D6E4490CDE" box="[662,822,1444,1469]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFD6451D6E4490CDE" box="[662,822,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not in particularly good condition, but has the pelvis preserved in dorsal view and the thoracic vertebrae are better preserved than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7906FFBFFEA65186E6C40F6D" box="[340,443,1524,1550]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFE145186E4560F6E" box="[486,809,1524,1549]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFE145186E4560F6E" box="[486,809,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limnofregata azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These do not differ greatly from those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFEFA526EE61A0F56" box="[264,357,1564,1589]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFEFA526EE61A0F56" box="[264,357,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen confirms that the distinctive notch in the posterior margin of the innominate bone in the area of fusion of the ischim and ilium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE114B7F7906FFBFFC1A5236E3DF0F3D" author="Olson" box="[1000,1184,1604,1630]" pageId="9" pageNumber="15" refString="Olson, S. L. (1977) A Lower Eocene frigatebird from the Green River Formation of Wyoming (Pelecaniformes, Fregatidae) Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 35, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1977">Olson, 1977:15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is the normal condition.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E297761E7906FFBFFE4C521EE6A00FE5" box="[446,479,1644,1670]" name="American Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7906FFBFFDDD521EE5EA0FE5" box="[559,661,1644,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFD4E521EE4080FE6" box="[700,887,1644,1669]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFD4E521EE4080FE6" box="[700,887,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the pygostyle is missing, suggesting that it may have floated away with the presumably enlarged rectrices.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7906FFBCFECA52CEE5960B8D" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1324,284,750]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFECA52CEE53F0FB5" bold="true" box="[312,576,1724,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Size in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFE6652CEE5450FB5" box="[404,570,1724,1750]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFE6652CEE5450FB5" bold="true" box="[404,570,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Limnofregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The seven available specimens now assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBFFB6252CEE64B0F9E" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFB6252CEE64B0F9E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are remarkably homogeneous in size and those for which comparable length measurements are available are practically identical (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D70203357906FFBFFCCC537EE4E30E45" box="[830,924,1804,1830]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,645,669]" captionTargetBox="[267,1302,708,1430]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Length measurements (mm) of bones in four specimens of Limnofregata." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CEFF6606790CFFB5FEFA56F7E3E90BFE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="CEFF6606790CFFB5FEFA56F7E3E90BFE">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), especially given the variation induced by crushing and other vicissitudes of preservation. In the two skulls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7906FFBCFB385346E6300856" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" order="Suliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBFFB385346E3A50E2E" box="[1226,1242,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7906FFBCFB195346E6300856" italics="true" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such factors of preservation have doubtless contributed to inaccuracies in the measurements of the cranium and rostrum. For example, in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7905FFBCFC275536E345083D" box="[981,1082,324,350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
FMNH PA 719, the skull is broken across the nasofrontal hinge and the anterior margin of the cranium has been shoved under the posterior margin of the rostrum perhaps as much as
|
||
<quantity id="5D789B6B7905FFBCFB8D55E6E3B808CD" box="[1151,1223,404,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. On the other hand, the length measurements of the two known mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFBCE55CEE3A508B6" box="[1084,1242,444,469]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFBCE55CEE3A508B6" box="[1084,1242,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7905FFBCFEC65596E6E5089D" box="[308,410,484,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFE365596E5FF089E" box="[452,640,484,509]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFE365596E5FF089E" box="[452,640,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unequivocal. The two mandibles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFB9A5596E380089E" box="[1128,1279,484,509]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFB9A5596E380089E" box="[1128,1279,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are identical in length and are 20% larger than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7905FFBCFCA7567EE4C30B45" box="[853,956,524,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFC17567EE3DD0B46" box="[997,1186,524,549]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFC17567EE3DD0B46" box="[997,1186,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The postcranial
|
||
<typeStatus id="453B882C7905FFBCFEAC5646E6BC0B2D" box="[350,451,564,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFE1B5646E5020B2E" box="[489,637,564,589]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawai">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFE1B5646E5020B2E" box="[489,637,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L hasegawai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
basically agrees in size, as the femur is 17% larger and the pelvis 20% larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFDC1562EE5920B16" box="[563,749,604,629]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFDC1562EE5920B16" box="[563,749,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The tibiotarsus seems disproportionately small, however, as it is only 7% larger. The same appears to apply within modern frigatebirds, however, as the tibiotarsus of the largest species,
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFCA356DEE4DA0BA6" box="[849,933,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F. m i n o</emphasis>
|
||
r, is proportionately smaller than in
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFED456A6E6090B8E" box="[294,374,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F. a r i e l</emphasis>
|
||
, the smallest species (Table 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7905FFBCFEFA5751E6AE0AE3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<table id="E880C42E79050049FEFA5751E2520AE2" box="[264,1325,803,897]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79050049FEFA5751E2520A58" box="[264,1325,803,827]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FEFA5751E5AC0A58" box="[264,723,803,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFEFA5751E6020A58" bold="true" box="[264,381,803,827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Range and mean and ratio of
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FD285751E3FB0A58" box="[730,1156,803,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">skeletal measurements (n = 6 for both</th>
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FB795751E2520A58" box="[1163,1325,803,827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">species) of the</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79050049FEFA5734E2520A3E" box="[264,1325,838,861]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FEFA5734E5AC0A3E" box="[264,723,838,861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">smaller sex of the smallest modern species</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FD285734E3FB0A3E" box="[730,1156,838,861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">and the larger sex of the largest modern</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FB795734E2520A3E" box="[1163,1325,838,861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
species of
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79050049FEFA571BE2520AE2" box="[264,1325,873,897]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FEFA571BE5AC0AE2" box="[264,723,873,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
frigatebirds (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFE9E5718E6BE0AE2" box="[364,449,874,897]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFE9E5718E6BE0AE2" box="[364,449,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7905FFBCFEF957D6E3CD0D10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<table id="E880C42E79050049FEF957D6E26D0D10" box="[267,1298,932,1139]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79050049FEF957D6E26D0ADA" box="[267,1298,932,953]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FEF957D6E5630ADA" box="[267,540,932,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Measurement</th>
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FDAB57D6E4620ADA" box="[601,797,932,953]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFD8B57D6E5C40ADA" box="[633,699,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F. a r i e l</emphasis>
|
||
males
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FCCE57D6E4800ADA" box="[828,1023,932,953]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFCBF57D6E4900ADA" box="[845,1007,932,953]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="mino" subSpecies="females">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFCBF57D6E4E40ADA" box="[845,923,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F. mino r</emphasis>
|
||
females
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FBD757D6E26D0ADA" box="[1061,1298,932,953]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Ratio of
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFB8B57D6E3B90ADA" box="[1145,1222,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F. m i n o r</emphasis>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFB2257D6E26D0ADA" box="[1232,1298,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">F. a r i e l</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79050049FEF957BBE26D0ABD" box="[267,1298,969,990]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FEF957BBE5630ABD" box="[267,540,969,990]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Total skull length</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FDAB57BBE4620ABD" box="[601,797,969,990]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">130–135.1 (132.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FCCE57BBE4800ABD" box="[828,1023,969,990]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">149.5–166.8 (159.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FBD757BBE26D0ABD" box="[1061,1298,969,990]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79050049FEF9579CE26D0D60" box="[267,1298,1006,1027]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FEF9579CE5630D60" box="[267,540,1006,1027]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Width across antitrochanters</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FDAB579CE4620D60" box="[601,797,1006,1027]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">40.0–43.0 (41.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FCCE579CE4800D60" box="[828,1023,1006,1027]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">51.0–55.3 (52.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FBD7579CE26D0D60" box="[1061,1298,1006,1027]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.26</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79050049FEF95061E26D0D4B" box="[267,1298,1043,1064]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FEF95061E5630D4B" box="[267,540,1043,1064]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Humerus length</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FDAB5061E4620D4B" box="[601,797,1043,1064]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">149.5–152.8 (150.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FCCE5061E4800D4B" box="[828,1023,1043,1064]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">172.1–185.8 (179.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FBD75061E26D0D4B" box="[1061,1298,1043,1064]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79050049FEF9504AE26D0D2E" box="[267,1298,1080,1101]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FEF9504AE5630D2E" box="[267,540,1080,1101]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Femur length</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FDAB504AE4620D2E" box="[601,797,1080,1101]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">41.2–43.3 (42.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FCCE504AE4800D2E" box="[828,1023,1080,1101]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">47.7–52.0 (50.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FBD7504AE26D0D2E" box="[1061,1298,1080,1101]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="24B034CC79050049FEF9502CE26D0D10" box="[267,1298,1118,1139]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="67615DB079050049FEF9502CE5630D10" box="[267,540,1118,1139]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tibiotarsus length</th>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FDAB502CE4620D10" box="[601,797,1118,1139]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">59.0–60.8 (60.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FCCE502CE4800D10" box="[828,1023,1118,1139]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">63.5–69.3 (66.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="67615DB079050049FBD7502CE26D0D10" box="[1061,1298,1118,1139]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1.11</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A3F368E7905FFBCFECA50A3E6CE0F60" blockId="10.[264,1323,1233,1539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The differences in size between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFD3C50A3E4EF0D89" box="[718,912,1233,1258]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFD3C50A3E4EF0D89" box="[718,912,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFC2650A3E3170D89" box="[980,1128,1233,1258]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hasegawi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFC2650A3E3170D89" box="[980,1128,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. hasegawi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are as great as between the smallest and largest individuals of modern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFC6B508BE4890C71" box="[921,1014,1273,1298]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Fregata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFC6B508BE4890C71" box="[921,1014,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which comprises 5 sexually dimorphic species (females larger). Thus, on size alone,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFC2F5153E3030C59" box="[989,1148,1313,1338]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFC2F5153E3030C59" box="[989,1148,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Limnofregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would have to be divided into two specieslevel taxa, as the differences could not be due to differences between sexes, especially as the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFCFF5103E4D30CE9" box="[781,940,1393,1418]" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFCFF5103E4D30CE9" box="[781,940,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Limnofregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unlikely to have been sexually dimorphic (see discussion below). The differences in bill proportions, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D804D0D7905FFBCFB2A51EBE6020CB9" class="Aves" family="Fregatidae" genus="Limnofregata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suliformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="azygosternon">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8F4EA9C7905FFBCFB2A51EBE6020CB9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. azygosternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having proportionately a much shorter bill, would also not be expected within a single species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |