treatments-xml/data/03/EA/87/03EA87B5FFDC7B6DF4D8BACDFACDFCA8.xml

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<mods:title id="5835D38FDB35998212DFEF2B9538C013">Unmasking Aurelia species in the Mediterranean Sea: an integrative morphometric and molecular approach</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0B481CFFFDC7B71F4D8BACDFD74FA24" box="[192,710,1458,1485]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDC7B71F4D8BACDFD74FA24" ID-CoL="JTCR" authority="COERULEA VON LENDENFELD, 1884" authorityName="COERULEA VON LENDENFELD" authorityYear="1884" box="[192,710,1458,1485]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F4D8BACDFE12FA22" box="[192,416,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">AURELIA COERULEA</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDC7B71F5B2BAC0FD74FA24" author="von Lendenfeld R" box="[426,710,1458,1485]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" pagination="259 - 306" refId="ref19288" refString="von Lendenfeld R. 1884. The scyphomedusae of the southern hemi-sphere. Part III. - Conclusion. IV. Ordo - Discomedusae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 9: 259 - 306." type="journal article" year="1884">VON LENDENFELD, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F488BA9EFEEBFA11" box="[144,345,1508,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Aurelia coerulea</emphasis>
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von Lendenfeld, 1884: 280 
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281
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. 
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locality: 
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, 
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<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F48AB95BFEEFF9DF" box="[146,349,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Aurelia japonica</emphasis>
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Kishinouye, 1891: 289 
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291
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, fig. unnumbered. 
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locality: 
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Bay, 
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. 
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sp. 1
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(Newport Beach, 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDC7B71F564B907FE07F97B" box="[380,437,1661,1683]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">USA</collectingCountry>
). 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B2FFDC7B71F5CBB907FD45F97B" author="Dawson MN" box="[467,759,1660,1683]" page="375" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDC7B71F5CBB907FD45F97B" author="Dawson MN" box="[467,759,1660,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" pagination="369 - 379" refId="ref17528" refString="Dawson MN. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Marine Biology 143: 369 - 379." type="journal article" year="2003">
Dawson, 2003: 375 
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376
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(
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Bay, northern 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDC7B71F5B7B9E6FE45F959" box="[431,503,1692,1713]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
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, Atlantic, Mediterranean coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDC7B71F5A0B9C0FDB8F927" box="[440,522,1722,1743]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">France</collectingCountry>
, and east coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDC7B71F488B9A3FF7BF907" box="[144,201,1753,1775]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">USA</collectingCountry>
).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB53118DFFDC7B71F488B98DFF57F880" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDC7B71F488B98DFE87F8E5" ID-CoL="84LNT" authority="UBI" authorityName="UBI" box="[144,309,1783,1805]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F488B98DFF57F8E4" box="[144,229,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Aurelia</emphasis>
UBI
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lineage 
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B2FFDC7B71F5DFB98DFD45F8E4" author="Schroth W &amp; Jarms G &amp; Streit B &amp; Schierwater B" box="[455,759,1783,1805]" page="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDC7B71F5DFB98DFD45F8E4" author="Schroth W &amp; Jarms G &amp; Streit B &amp; Schierwater B" box="[455,759,1783,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref20128" refString="Schroth W, Jarms G, Streit B, Schierwater B. 2002. Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, Aurelia sp. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2002">
Schroth 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F659B982FDC9F8E4" box="[577,635,1783,1805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002: 4
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(table 2) (
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDC7B71F58FB86CFE7DF8C3" box="[407,463,1814,1835]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">USA</collectingCountry>
; Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDC7B71F57FB84FFE0BF8A2" box="[359,441,1845,1866]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">France</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDC7B71F5D4B84EFD88F8A2" box="[460,570,1844,1866]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Australia</collectingCountry>
, Indian Ocean; 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDC7B71F488B829FF6BF880" box="[144,217,1875,1896]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Japan</collectingCountry>
).
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<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F73FBB22FBB9FB85" box="[807,1035,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2B3CFEFFDC7B71F002BB22FB65FB43" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3408765307" collectingDate="2011-09-13" collectionCode="UNIPD" country="Switzerland" location="Accession" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" specimenCode="CN56" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F002BB22FB36FB85" box="[1050,1156,1112,1133]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDC7B71F002BB22FBCCFB85" box="[1050,1150,1112,1133]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Female medusa, VL, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDC7B71F73FBB0CFBB5FB63" box="[807,1031,1142,1164]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2011-09-13">
<collectingDate id="EFB9E98BFFDC7B71F73FBB0CFBB5FB63" box="[807,1031,1142,1164]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2011-09-13">
13 September 
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</date>
, 132 mm BD, deposited in 
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. 
<location id="8E9C6078FFDC7B71F793BBEFFC4AFB43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B5FFDC7B6DF4D8BACDFACDFCA8:8E9C6078FFDC7B71F793BBEFFC4AFB43" box="[907,1016,1173,1195]" country="Switzerland" name="Accession" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Accession</location>
number: 
<specimenCode id="DBE59ED8FFDC7B71F071BBEFFB1EFB43" box="[1129,1196,1173,1195]" collectionCode="CN" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">CN56</specimenCode>
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDC7B71F0B4BBEFFB61FB43" box="[1196,1235,1173,1195]" name="Switzerland" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">CH</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDC7B71F727BBCEFB73FAEE" blockId="12.[807,1422,1112,1623]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<materialsCitation id="3B2B3CFEFFDC7B71F727BBCEFB0FFAEE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3408765304" collectingDate="2011-09-13" collectionCode="UNIS" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F727BBCEFC0DFB21" box="[831,959,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDC7B71F727BBCEFC16FB21" box="[831,932,1204,1225]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
I:
</emphasis>
Female medusa, VL, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDC7B71F114BBCEFC3FFB0F" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2011-09-13">
<collectingDate id="EFB9E98BFFDC7B71F114BBCEFC3FFB0F" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2011-09-13">
13 September 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDC7B71F74CBBA8FC3FFB0F" box="[852,909,1234,1255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0111359999999996" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="2011136.0">2011</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 136 mm BD, deposited in 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDC7B71F11EBBA8FAF4FB0F" box="[1286,1350,1234,1255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY. Accession number: 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDC7B71F01CBB8BFBF6FAEE" box="[1028,1092,1265,1286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY_011
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDC7B71F727BA6AFBA5FA89" blockId="12.[807,1422,1112,1623]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<materialsCitation id="3B2B3CFEFFDC7B71F727BA6AFBA1FA89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3408765308" collectingDate="2013-10-15" collectionCode="UNIS" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F727BA6AFC7BFACD" box="[831,969,1296,1317]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDC7B71F727BA6AFC16FACD" box="[831,932,1296,1317]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
II:
</emphasis>
Female medusa, EH, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDC7B71F0D3BA75FA3BFACC" box="[1227,1417,1295,1317]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2013-10-15">
<collectingDate id="EFB9E98BFFDC7B71F0D3BA75FA3BFACC" box="[1227,1417,1295,1317]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2013-10-15">15 October 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, 85 mm BD, deposited in 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDC7B71F052BA54FB38FAAB" box="[1098,1162,1326,1347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY. Accession number: 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDC7B71F743BA36FC28FA89" box="[859,922,1356,1377]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY_012
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDC7B71F727BA11FAB3FA55" blockId="12.[807,1422,1112,1623]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F727BA11FC4AFA68" box="[831,1016,1387,1408]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Other material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B2B3CFEFFDC7B71F010BA11FB4FFA55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3408765303" collectingDate="2011-09-13" collectionCode="UNIS" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" specimenCount="1">
Eight medusae, VL, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDC7B71F114BA11FC3FFA76" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2011-09-13">
<collectingDate id="EFB9E98BFFDC7B71F114BA11FC3FFA76" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2011-09-13">13 September 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, 107 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F7DEBAF2FC60FA77" box="[966,978,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">–</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDC7B71F7CABAF3FB9DFA77" box="[978,1071,1417,1439]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="143.0">143 mm</quantity>
BD deposited in 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDC7B71F11EBAF3FAF4FA76" box="[1286,1350,1417,1438]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY. Accession numbers: 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDC7B71F017BAD2FBFFFA55" box="[1039,1101,1448,1469]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY_013 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F0DCBADDFB62FA56" box="[1220,1232,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">–</emphasis>
020
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDC7B71F727BABCFBC6F9BF" blockId="12.[807,1422,1112,1623]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F727BABCFC4FFA33" box="[831,1021,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Other material:</emphasis>
Seven medusae, EH, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDC7B71F135BABCFC3FFA12" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" value="2013-10-15">15 October 2013</date>
, 38 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F7ADBA9EFC73FA13" box="[949,961,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">–</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDC7B71F7DABA9FFBA3FA12" box="[962,1041,1509,1530]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
(range of 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDC7B71F092BA9FFB02FA12" box="[1162,1200,1509,1530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">BD</collectionCode>
) deposited in UNI- S_SCY. Accession numbers: 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDC7B71F084B97EFB69F9F1" box="[1180,1243,1540,1561]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY_021 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F149B978FAEFF9F1" box="[1361,1373,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">–</emphasis>
027. Specimens of polyps and ephyrae were examined but not preserved nor registered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFDC7B73F73FB904FB2BFBA8" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDC7B71F73FB904FAC6F8E5" blockId="12.[807,1421,1662,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F73FB904FACCF97B" box="[807,1406,1662,1683]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
Description (based on 
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDC7B71F054B904FB18F97B" box="[1100,1194,1662,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDC7B71F119B904FAC2F97B" box="[1281,1392,1662,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="255" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
Morphometric and meristic data for polyp and ephyra stages are shown in 
<tableCitation id="C6C10318FFDC7B71F014B9C1FBD6F938" box="[1036,1124,1723,1745]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[144,210,678,697]" captionText="Table 2. Diagnostic characters for the three Mediterranean Aurelia spp.: A, polyp stage; B, ephyra stage; C, medusa stage" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Morphology is illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDC7B71F751B9A3FC79F907" box="[841,971,1753,1775]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[166,245,532,551]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,200,500]" captionTargetId="figure-424@11.[174,1437,198,499]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Interspecific morphological differences in the anastomoses and bell indentations: A, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), female, bell diameter (BD) = 125 mm; B, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), immature specimen, BD = 95 mm; C, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), male, BD = 160 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710998/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Figures 5A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDC7B71F7C4B9A3FC5EF907" box="[988,1004,1753,1775]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[166,245,983,1002]" captionTargetBox="[391,1215,645,948]" captionTargetId="figure-486@11.[393,1218,647,950]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Ontogenetic variation in subgenital pore size (f11) and position (f12) in male specimens of Aurelia coerulea from: A, Empuriabrava Harbour (EH), bell diameter (BD) = 63 mm; B, Varano Lagoon (VL), BD = 120 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711000/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDC7B71F7E4B9A0FB85F907" box="[1020,1079,1752,1775]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[166,245,968,987]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetId="figure-495@13.[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Development of the gastric system in Aurelia ephyrae from four Mediterranean locations, reared in the laboratory: A–E, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), EH; F–J, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), VL; K–O, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), ML; P–T, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711004/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
8A 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F003B9A2FB95F907" box="[1051,1063,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">–</emphasis>
J
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDC7B71F050B9A0FB3CF907" box="[1096,1166,1754,1775]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[144,223,852,871]" captionTargetBox="[373,1197,195,816]" captionTargetId="figure-219@14.[373,1197,195,816]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of Aurelia spp. polyps: A, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), EH; B, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1),VL; C, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), ML; D, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711006/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">9A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDC7B71F087B9A0FB40F907" box="[1183,1266,1754,1775]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[144,223,1791,1810]" captionTargetBox="[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-221@14.[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Some asexual reproduction strategies in Aurelia spp. polyps: A, directed budded polyp in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); B, free-swimming buds in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); C, polyp budded on tentacle in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5); D, internal free propagules in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5). Scale bar: A–C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711008/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">10A, B</figureCitation>
, and 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDC7B71F122B9A0FA3BF907" box="[1338,1417,1752,1775]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
11A 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F17FB9A2FAC1F907" box="[1383,1395,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">–</emphasis>
D
</figureCitation>
. Molecular diagnosis is presented in 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDC7B71F0A3B982FA9BF8E5" box="[1211,1321,1784,1806]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[166,245,1068,1087]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,195,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-110@7.[170,1433,195,1031]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. COI–28S concatenated maximum-likelihood tree reconstructed using GARLI 2.0. Numbers adjacent to nodes show the bootstrap support values. The scale indicates the number of substitutions per site. Reference sequences from GenBank are in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710994/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Figures 3</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDC7B71F147B982FADDF8E5" box="[1375,1391,1784,1805]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[166,245,1726,1745]" captionTargetBox="[389,1212,1180,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-152@7.[389,1213,1180,1691]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Bayesian species tree estimated using *BEAST (COI + 28S). Numbers adjacent to nodes show the posterior probability values. The scale indicates the estimated number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710996/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">4</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDC7B70F73FB84FFE46FAAB" blockId="12.[807,1421,1844,1898]" lastBlockId="13.[166,781,1081,1347]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F73FB84FFCDFF8A2" box="[807,877,1845,1866]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">Polyp:</emphasis>
Tentacles 16 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F014B84EFBAAF8A3" box="[1036,1048,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">–</emphasis>
22. Tentacle diameter uniform or slightly decreasing along the proximal 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDC7B71F11BB829FABDF882" box="[1283,1295,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="255">–</emphasis>
distal axis. Hypostome cruciform (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F5B5BB43FDF7FBA6" box="[429,581,1081,1103]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[144,223,852,871]" captionTargetBox="[373,1197,195,816]" captionTargetId="figure-219@14.[373,1197,195,816]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of Aurelia spp. polyps: A, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), EH; B, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1),VL; C, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), ML; D, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711006/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Figure 9A, B</figureCitation>
). Colour pinkish. Asexual reproduction by budding from stolon (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F4B6BB0CFEA3FB64" box="[174,273,1142,1164]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[144,223,1791,1810]" captionTargetBox="[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-221@14.[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Some asexual reproduction strategies in Aurelia spp. polyps: A, directed budded polyp in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); B, free-swimming buds in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); C, polyp budded on tentacle in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5); D, internal free propagules in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5). Scale bar: A–C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711008/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
) or directly from the column of parental polyp. Rarely podocyst originates at the base of pedal disc or along the stolon. External free-swimming propagules (EFSPs) and internal free-swimming propagules (IFSPs; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDD7B70F587BB8AFDF2FAEE" author="Vagelli A" box="[415,576,1264,1286]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" pagination="111 - 127" refId="ref20405" refString="Vagelli A. 2007. New observations on the asexual reproduction of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) with comments on its life cycle on the adaptative significance. Invertebrate Zoology 4: 111 - 127." type="journal article" year="2007">Vagelli, 2007</bibRefCitation>
) observed, with EFSP more common (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F5B9BA75FDB4FACD" box="[417,518,1295,1317]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[144,223,1791,1810]" captionTargetBox="[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-221@14.[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Some asexual reproduction strategies in Aurelia spp. polyps: A, directed budded polyp in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); B, free-swimming buds in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); C, polyp budded on tentacle in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5); D, internal free propagules in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5). Scale bar: A–C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711008/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). Strobilation polydisc, with up to 17 discs observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3C662BFFDD7B70F4BEBCB2FB77FBFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5711004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" startId="13.[166,245,968,987]" targetBox="[171,1433,195,931]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDD7B70F4BEBCB2FB77FBFE" blockId="13.[166,1444,968,1046]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F4BEBCB2FEA2FC33" bold="true" box="[166,272,968,987]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Development of the gastric system in 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDD7B70F6A8BCB2FD4CFC33" box="[688,766,968,987]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F6A8BCB2FD4CFC33" box="[688,766,968,987]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Aurelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ephyrae from four Mediterranean locations, reared in the laboratory: A 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F516BC92FEABFC10" box="[270,281,1000,1016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">–</emphasis>
E, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDD7B70F527BC9FFE41FC10" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[319,499,997,1016]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F527BC9FFE41FC10" box="[319,499,997,1016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Aurelia coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDD7B70F607BC9FFD1CFC10" box="[543,686,997,1016]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F607BC9FFDDFFC10" box="[543,621,997,1016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
), EH; F 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F70DBC92FC92FC10" box="[789,800,1000,1016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">–</emphasis>
J, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDD7B70F75BBC9FFC45FC10" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[835,1015,997,1016]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F75BBC9FFC45FC10" box="[835,1015,997,1016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Aurelia coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDD7B70F03CBC9FFB00FC10" box="[1060,1202,997,1016]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F03CBC9FFBC0FC10" box="[1060,1138,997,1016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
), VL; K 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F101BC92FA96FC10" box="[1305,1316,1000,1016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">–</emphasis>
O, 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F153BC9FFEE5FBFD" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDD7B70F153BC9FFF41FBFD" authority="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino, 2017" authorityName="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino" authorityYear="2017" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="relicta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F153BC9FFF41FBFD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Aurelia relicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CAFFDD7B70F4E4BB78FEE5FBFD" box="[252,343,1026,1045]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDD7B70F563BB78FDB1FBFD" box="[379,515,1026,1046]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-5">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F563BB78FE7BFBFD" box="[379,457,1026,1045]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 5
</taxonomicName>
), ML; P 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F642BB7FFDD7FBFD" box="[602,613,1029,1045]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">–</emphasis>
T, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDD7B70F69ABB78FCA4FBFD" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1905" box="[642,790,1026,1045]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F69ABB78FCA4FBFD" box="[642,790,1026,1045]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Aurelia solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDD7B70F723BB78FC71FBFD" box="[827,963,1026,1046]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-8">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F723BB78FC3BFBFD" box="[827,905,1026,1045]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 8
</taxonomicName>
), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDD7B70F4BEBA10FE7FF9BE" blockId="13.[166,781,1386,1622]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F4BEBA10FEB3FA97" box="[166,257,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Ephyra:</emphasis>
Normally eight arms, 16 marginal lappets, and eight rhopalia. Marginal lappets with breadknife-like shape (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F5DDBADDFDF5FA55" box="[453,583,1447,1469]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[166,245,968,987]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetId="figure-495@13.[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Development of the gastric system in Aurelia ephyrae from four Mediterranean locations, reared in the laboratory: A–E, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), EH; F–J, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), VL; K–O, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), ML; P–T, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 8A, F</figureCitation>
), both margins rounded, or sharpened (internal margin, rhopaliar side). Dark orange 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F5B0BA99FE06FA12" box="[424,436,1507,1530]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">–</emphasis>
brownish. Young ephyrae: without gastric filaments at liberation. Manubrium cruciform and oral arms developing during the second week (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F55DB93AFE72F9BE" box="[325,448,1600,1622]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[166,245,968,987]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetId="figure-495@13.[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Development of the gastric system in Aurelia ephyrae from four Mediterranean locations, reared in the laboratory: A–E, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), EH; F–J, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), VL; K–O, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), ML; P–T, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711004/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 8C, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDD7B70F4BEB907FDDDF8C4" blockId="13.[166,781,1661,1897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F4BEB907FEB5F97A" box="[166,263,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Medusa:</emphasis>
Disc flattened, up to 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDD7B70F616B907FDE1F97B" box="[526,595,1661,1683]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="cm" value="26.0">26 cm</quantity>
BD. Bell shape typically concave, or undulating, eight marginal lobes (occasionally 16 when BD&gt; 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDD7B70F5E5B9C0FDF7F938" box="[509,581,1722,1744]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
), eight marginal rhopalia in shallow clefts (f29, 3.5 ƚ 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDD7B70F67FB9A3FD7DF906" box="[615,719,1753,1775]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
), but deeper than non-rhopalial clefts (if present), where the adradial canals join the bell margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDD7B70F4A7B84FFAB3FAEE" blockId="13.[166,781,1661,1897]" lastBlockId="13.[829,1444,1081,1897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
Sense organ protected on the exumbrellar side by a triangular dorsal hood (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F5CFB829FD8EF881" box="[471,572,1875,1897]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
). Long rhopalium directed towards the bell margin (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F0EDBB43FAE8FBA7" box="[1269,1370,1081,1103]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). The ectodermal ocellus is a small protuberance with a dense concentration of reddish pigment granules (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F75DBBEEFC18FB43" box="[837,938,1172,1195]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). A large endodermal ocellus on the subumbrellar side at the base of lithocyst (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F0E2BBC9FAEEFB21" box="[1274,1372,1203,1225]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
) with reddish pigment granules arranged in a circular shape around the perimeter (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F096BB8AFB47FAEE" box="[1166,1269,1264,1286]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDD7B70F74EBA75FC43FA77" blockId="13.[829,1444,1081,1897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
Numerous small whitish tentacles arranged slightly above the bell margin. Manubrium cruciform, rigid, large, 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDD7B70F004BA36FB37FA89" box="[1052,1157,1355,1378]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="2.0">
2 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F031BA31FB87FA8A" box="[1065,1077,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">–</emphasis>
14 mm
</quantity>
depth, width 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDD7B70F12BBA36FA2DFA89" box="[1331,1439,1355,1378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="8.0">
8 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F159BA31FAFFFA8A" box="[1345,1357,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">–</emphasis>
28 mm
</quantity>
, bearing four perradial, folded oral arms, with mean length (f5) 4 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F7D2BAF0FC67FA77" box="[970,981,1418,1439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">r</emphasis>
/5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDD7B73F74EBAD2FE77FBA8" blockId="13.[829,1444,1081,1897]" lastBlockId="14.[144,759,944,1088]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
Four (occasionally between five and seven) interradial gonads, horseshoe-shaped. Planulae brooded on the oral arms. Relative to the gastric tissue, the subgenital pore is placed centrally to or, in smaller medusae, adjacent to but circumscribed by the gastric filaments (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDD7B70F018B93AFBF4F9BE" box="[1024,1094,1600,1622]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[166,245,983,1002]" captionTargetBox="[391,1215,645,948]" captionTargetId="figure-486@11.[393,1218,647,950]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Ontogenetic variation in subgenital pore size (f11) and position (f12) in male specimens of Aurelia coerulea from: A, Empuriabrava Harbour (EH), bell diameter (BD) = 63 mm; B, Varano Lagoon (VL), BD = 120 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711000/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Subgenital pore diameter (f11) 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDD7B70F791B925FC5AF99C" box="[905,1000,1630,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.0">
1 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F78EB924FC10F99D" box="[918,930,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">–</emphasis>
6 mm
</quantity>
. Opposite gastric cavities distant across the diameter. Gastric diameter highly variable: proximal (f9) ranging from 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F0C2B9E7FB57F95A" box="[1242,1253,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">r</emphasis>
/6 to 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F136B9E7FA8BF95A" box="[1326,1337,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">r</emphasis>
/3; distal (f10) ranging from 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F003B9C1FB94F938" box="[1051,1062,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">r</emphasis>
/2 to 6 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDD7B70F069B9C1FBCEF938" box="[1137,1148,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">r</emphasis>
/7. From each gastrogenital sinus between seven and ten broad canals depart (range of variation: two or three perradials, two or three adradials, and three or four interradials). Interradial and perradial canals branched, frequently anastomosed in the second and third distal of the bell. Number of perradial (f26) and interradial (f27) anastomoses: 14 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F580BCB7FE16FC0C" box="[408,420,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">–</emphasis>
48 and 13 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F630BCB7FD86FC0C" box="[552,564,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">–</emphasis>
51, respectively. Adradial canals (f28) mostly unbranched, moderately connected to the canal mesh both in the distal or proximal portion (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDE7B73F579BB50FE0BFBA8" box="[353,441,1066,1088]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[166,245,532,551]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,200,500]" captionTargetId="figure-424@11.[174,1437,198,499]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Interspecific morphological differences in the anastomoses and bell indentations: A, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), female, bell diameter (BD) = 125 mm; B, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), immature specimen, BD = 95 mm; C, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), male, BD = 160 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710998/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3C662BFFDE7B73F488BC2EFA33FC6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5711006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711006/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" startId="14.[144,223,852,871]" targetBox="[373,1197,195,816]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDE7B73F488BC2EFA33FC6D" blockId="14.[144,1421,852,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F488BC2EFF48FC80" bold="true" box="[144,250,852,872]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F5BFBC2FFD9BFC80" authority="spp." authorityName="SPP." box="[423,553,853,872]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F5BFBC2FFE47FC80" box="[423,501,853,872]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
polyps: A, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F6BCBC2FFCE3FC80" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[676,849,853,872]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F6BCBC2FFCE3FC80" box="[676,849,853,872]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F76FBC2FFBB2FC80" box="[887,1024,853,872]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F76FBC2FFC77FC80" box="[887,965,853,872]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
), EH; B, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F073BC2FFAABFC80" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[1131,1305,853,872]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F073BC2FFAABFC80" box="[1131,1305,853,872]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F127BC2FFF0DFC6D" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F127BC2FFA3FFC80" box="[1343,1421,853,872]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
),VL; C, 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F503BC0BFD99FC6D" bold="true" box="[283,555,881,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F503BC0BFE7AFC6C" authority="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino, 2017" authorityName="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino" authorityYear="2017" box="[283,456,881,900]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="relicta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F503BC0BFE7AFC6C" bold="true" box="[283,456,881,900]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia relicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CAFFDE7B73F5C9BC08FD99FC6D" box="[465,555,882,901]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F657BC08FD6AFC6D" box="[591,728,882,901]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-5">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F657BC08FD2FFC6D" box="[591,669,882,901]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 5
</taxonomicName>
), ML; D, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F727BC08FC61FC6D" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1905" box="[831,979,882,901]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F727BC08FC61FC6D" box="[831,979,882,901]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F7E0BC08FB32FC6D" box="[1016,1152,882,901]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-8">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F7E0BC08FBF4FC6D" box="[1016,1094,882,901]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 8
</taxonomicName>
), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDE7B73F73FBCCBFB5FFC2E" blockId="14.[807,1261,944,966]" box="[807,1261,944,966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F73FBCCBFC0DFC2D" box="[807,959,944,966]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Type locality:</emphasis>
Port Jackson (
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDE7B73F06ABCCAFB53FC2E" box="[1138,1249,944,966]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Australia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDE7B73F73FBC97FB2BFBA8" blockId="14.[807,1421,1005,1088]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F73FBC97FC37FBEA" box="[807,901,1005,1026]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Habitat:</emphasis>
In the Mediterranean Sea, apparently restricted to euryhaline and eurythermal coastal lagoons, marinas, and harbours.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3C662BFFDE7B73F488B985FE38F883" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5711008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711008/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" startId="14.[144,223,1791,1810]" targetBox="[372,1196,1135,1761]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDE7B73F488B985FE38F883" blockId="14.[144,1422,1791,1899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F488B985FEB5F8FA" bold="true" box="[144,263,1791,1810]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Some asexual reproduction strategies in 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F6D4B985FCFCF8FB" authority="spp." authorityName="SPP." box="[716,846,1791,1811]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="261" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F6D4B985FCA8F8FA" box="[716,794,1791,1810]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
polyps: A, directed budded polyp in 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F0C7B985FA3FF8FA" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[1247,1421,1791,1810]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F0C7B985FA3FF8FA" box="[1247,1421,1791,1810]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F4B4B867FE87F8D8" box="[172,309,1821,1840]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F4B4B867FF48F8D8" box="[172,250,1821,1840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
); B, free-swimming buds in 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F674B867FCABF8D8" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[620,793,1821,1840]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F674B867FCABF8D8" box="[620,793,1821,1840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F727B867FC75F8D8" box="[831,967,1821,1840]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F727B867FC3FF8D8" box="[831,909,1821,1840]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
); C, polyp budded on tentacle in 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F12DB866FEF2F8A5" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F12DB866FF6FF8A5" authority="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino, 2017" authorityName="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino" authorityYear="2017" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="relicta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F12DB866FF6FF8A5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia relicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CAFFDE7B73F4FDB840FEF2F8A5" box="[229,320,1850,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F57DB840FE5DF8A5" box="[357,495,1850,1869]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-5">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F57DB840FE01F8A5" box="[357,435,1850,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 5
</taxonomicName>
); D, internal free propagules in 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F755B840FBEDF8A5" bold="true" box="[845,1119,1850,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F755B840FC49F8A5" authority="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino, 2017" authorityName="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino" authorityYear="2017" box="[845,1019,1850,1869]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="relicta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F755B840FC49F8A5" bold="true" box="[845,1019,1850,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia relicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CAFFDE7B73F01CB840FBEDF8A5" box="[1028,1119,1850,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDE7B73F09CB840FABDF8A5" box="[1156,1295,1850,1869]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-5">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F09CB840FB60F8A5" box="[1156,1234,1850,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 5
</taxonomicName>
). Scale bar: A 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDE7B73F4B8B820FF19F882" box="[160,171,1882,1898]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">–</emphasis>
C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3C662BFFDF7B72F4BEBC12FBD0FC3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" startId="15.[166,245,872,891]" targetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F4BEBC12FBD0FC3B" blockId="15.[166,1444,872,979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4BEBC12FEAFFC93" bold="true" box="[166,285,872,891]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Structure of marginal sense organ in 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F6A6BC12FCBEFC93" box="[702,780,872,891]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F6A6BC12FCBEFC93" box="[702,780,872,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
medusae: A 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F788BC11FC29FC93" box="[912,923,875,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">–</emphasis>
D, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F7A4BC12FBDBFC93" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[956,1129,872,891]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F7A4BC12FBDBFC93" box="[956,1129,872,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F061BC11FB34FC93" box="[1145,1158,875,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F096BC12FAA4FC93" box="[1166,1302,872,892]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F096BC12FB6EFC93" box="[1166,1244,872,891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
), bell diameter (BD) 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F51DBCF2FEA0FC70" box="[261,274,904,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">=</emphasis>
136 mm; E 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F596BCF2FE2BFC70" box="[398,409,904,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">–</emphasis>
H, 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F5A3BCFFFD79FC71" bold="true" box="[443,715,901,921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F5A3BCFFFDDAFC70" authority="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino, 2017" authorityName="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino" authorityYear="2017" box="[443,616,901,920]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="relicta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F5A3BCFFFDDAFC70" bold="true" box="[443,616,901,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia relicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CAFFDF7B72F668BCFCFD79FC71" box="[624,715,902,921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F6C2BCF2FD55FC70" box="[730,743,904,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F6FFBCFCFCDDFC70" box="[743,879,901,921]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-5">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F6FFBCFCFC87FC71" box="[743,821,902,921]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 5
</taxonomicName>
), BD 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F7B7BCF2FC0EFC70" box="[943,956,904,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">=</emphasis>
95 mm; I 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F03CBCF2FB9DFC70" box="[1060,1071,904,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">–</emphasis>
L, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F04CBCFCFB5BFC71" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1905" box="[1108,1257,902,921]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F04CBCFCFB5BFC71" box="[1108,1257,902,921]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F0E1BCF2FAB4FC70" box="[1273,1286,904,920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F116BCFCFA24FC71" box="[1294,1430,902,921]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-8">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F116BCFCFAEEFC71" box="[1294,1372,902,921]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 8
</taxonomicName>
), BD 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4C8BCDFFF6FFC5D" box="[208,221,933,949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">=</emphasis>
144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F79FBCD9FC4EFC5E" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[903,1020,931,950]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F79FBCD9FC4EFC5E" box="[903,1020,931,950]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B) and 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F042BCD9FA98FC5E" bold="true" box="[1114,1322,930,950]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F042BCD9FB74FC5D" authority="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino, 2017" authorityName="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino" authorityYear="2017" box="[1114,1222,930,950]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="relicta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F042BCD9FB74FC5D" bold="true" box="[1114,1222,930,950]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. relicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CAFFDF7B72F0D7BCD9FA98FC5E" box="[1231,1322,931,950]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(F), angled at 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4DBBCB9FF7DFC3B" box="[195,207,963,979]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">~</emphasis>
90 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4F0BCBBFF43FC3B" box="[232,241,961,979]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">°</emphasis>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F50EBCBAFEC1FC3B" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1905" box="[278,371,960,979]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solida">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F50EBCBAFEC1FC3B" box="[278,371,960,979]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. solida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFDF7B72F4BEBC84FDBDFA36" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F4BEBC84FEC0FBB9" blockId="15.[166,781,1022,1105]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4BEBC84FDDDFBFB" box="[166,623,1022,1044]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Distribution in the Mediterranean Sea:</emphasis>
Including at least VL (Adriatic Sea), EH (Balearic Sea), and SL (Thyrrenian Sea).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F4BEBB02FDBDFA36" blockId="15.[166,781,1144,1502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4BEBB02FD4CFB65" box="[166,766,1144,1165]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Distribution outside the Mediterranean Sea:</emphasis>
Reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDF7B72F54CBBEDFE28FB44" box="[340,410,1175,1196]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Miyazu Bay, Sakata Bay, Uwa Bay, Ondo Strait, 
<collectingRegion id="4987F841FFDF7B72F56FBBCFFE0EFB23" box="[375,444,1205,1227]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
Bay), 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDF7B72F61FBBCCFDF9FB23" box="[519,587,1206,1227]" name="South Korea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="4987F841FFDF7B72F643BBCFFD0BFB23" box="[603,697,1205,1227]" country="South Korea" name="Incheon" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Incheon</collectingRegion>
, Geojedo, 
<collectingRegion id="4987F841FFDF7B72F4C9BBAEFEAEFB01" box="[209,284,1236,1257]" country="South Korea" name="Busan" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Busan</collectingRegion>
), California (Long Beach, Marina del Rey, Newport Beach, San Diego), and numerous sites throughout the Australian coast, from Queensland to New South Wales and Western Australia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F68CBA4AFEF2FA8B" author="Dawson MN &amp; Jacobs DK" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="92 - 96" refId="ref17622" refString="Dawson MN, Jacobs DK. 2001. Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biological Bullettin 200: 92 - 96." type="journal article" year="2001">Dawson &amp; Jacobs, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F54BBA35FE4FFA8B" author="Dawson MN" box="[339,509,1358,1380]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="369 - 379" refId="ref17528" refString="Dawson MN. 2003. Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). Marine Biology 143: 369 - 379." type="journal article" year="2003">Dawson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F617BA34FD71FA8C" author="Ki JS &amp; Hwang DS &amp; Shin K &amp; Yoon WD &amp; Lim D &amp; Kang YS &amp; Lee Y &amp; Lee JS" box="[527,707,1358,1380]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="443 - 452" refId="ref18924" refString="Ki JS, Hwang DS, Shin K, Yoon WD, Lim D, Kang YS, Lee Y, Lee JS. 2008. Recent moon jelly (Aurelia sp. 1) blooms in Korean coastal waters suggest global expansion: examples inferred from mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS- 5.8 S rDNA sequences. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65: 443 - 452." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ki 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F621BA35FDC1FA8B" box="[569,627,1358,1380]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
). Few DNA sequences clustering into the 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F651BA17FD7AFA6A" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[585,712,1389,1410]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F651BA17FD7AFA6A" box="[585,712,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade were previously obtained from samples collected in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal areas of 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDF7B72F4DABAB3FEA3FA36" box="[194,273,1481,1502]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F538BAB2FDB1FA36" author="Schroth W &amp; Jarms G &amp; Streit B &amp; Schierwater B" box="[288,515,1480,1502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref20128" refString="Schroth W, Jarms G, Streit B, Schierwater B. 2002. Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, Aurelia sp. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2002">
Schroth 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F599BAB3FE09FA35" box="[385,443,1480,1502]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFDF7B72F4BEB97FFD5FF8E9" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F4BEB97FFD47F95C" blockId="15.[166,781,1541,1716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4BEB97FFEA0F9F2" box="[166,274,1541,1562]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Remarks:</emphasis>
Within the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F5F1B97FFD8CF9F2" box="[489,574,1541,1562]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F5F1B97FFD8CF9F2" box="[489,574,1541,1562]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F652B97CFD78F9F2" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[586,714,1541,1563]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F652B97CFD78F9F2" box="[586,714,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the taxon with the broadest world distribution. The 
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDF7B72F6C4B95EFCBFF9D1" box="[732,781,1572,1593]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">type</typeStatus>
locality is not coincident with its inferred biogeographic origin of the Western Pacific coastal waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F6A9B91BFE94F97D" author="Dawson MN &amp; Gupta AS &amp; England MH" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="11968 - 11973" refId="ref17718" refString="Dawson MN, Gupta AS, England MH. 2005. Coupled biophysical global ocean model and molecular genetic analyses identify multiple introductions of cryptogenic species. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 102: 11968 - 11973." type="journal article" year="2005">
Dawson 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4BEB9FAFF52F97D" box="[166,224,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). The name 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F5B5B9FAFD9EF97D" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1884" box="[429,556,1664,1685]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="coerulea">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F5B5B9FAFD9EF97D" box="[429,556,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. coerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has priority over its junior synonym 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F542B9E4FD42F95C" authority="(Kishinouye, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Kishinouye" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[346,752,1694,1716]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F542B9E4FDA6F95C" box="[346,532,1694,1716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia japonica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F639B9E4FD5BF95C" author="Kishinouye K" box="[545,745,1694,1716]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="288 - 291" refId="ref19024" refString="Kishinouye K. 1891. Aurelia japonica, nov. sp. Zoological Magazine (Tokyo) 3: 288 - 291." type="journal article" year="1891">Kishinouye, 1891</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F4DEB990FD5FF8E9" blockId="15.[198,749,1767,1824]" box="[198,749,1767,1793]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F4DEB990FD57F917" authority="RELICTA SCORRANO, AGLIERI, BOERO" box="[198,741,1767,1793]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4DEB990FE2AF917" bold="true" box="[198,408,1770,1791]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">AURELIA RELICTA</emphasis>
SCORRANO, AGLIERI, BOERO
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="E2CC2F48FFDF7B6DF535B87DFCEDFDA4" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFDF7B72F535B87DFD34F8C8" box="[301,646,1797,1824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F535B87DFD34F8C8" blockId="15.[198,749,1767,1824]" box="[301,646,1797,1824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<heading id="D0B481CFFFDF7B72F535B87DFD34F8C8" box="[301,646,1797,1824]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" reason="3">
DAWSON &amp; PIRAINO 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F638B876FD34F8C8" bold="true" box="[544,646,1797,1824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CAFFDF7B72F638B876FD34F8C8" box="[544,646,1797,1824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFDF7B72F4BEB84DFEE4F883" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F4BEB84DFEE4F883" blockId="15.[166,781,1847,1899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F4BEB84DFE97F8A4" box="[166,293,1847,1868]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sp.">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F4BEB84DFF49F8A4" box="[166,251,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F52FB84DFDD4F8A4" author="Benovic A &amp; Lut ci'c D &amp; Onofri V &amp; Peharda M &amp; Caric M &amp; Jasprica N &amp; Coli'c S" box="[311,614,1847,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="197 - 206" refId="ref17038" refString="Benovic A, Lut ci'c D, Onofri V, Peharda M, Caric M, Jasprica N, Bobanovic- t Coli'c S. 2000. Ecological characteristics of the Mljet Island Sea water lakes (Southern Adriatic Sea) with special reference to their resident populations of medusae. Scientia Marina 64: 197 - 206." type="journal article" year="2000">
Benović 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F5BAB84DFE6EF8A4" box="[418,476,1847,1868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">et al.</emphasis>
, 2000: 202
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7 (Mljet lakes, 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDF7B72F4E9B82FFEF8F883" box="[241,330,1877,1899]" name="Croatia" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Croatia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFDF7B72F725BC84FB13FB98" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F725BC84FB13FB98" blockId="15.[829,1444,1022,1136]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F725BC84FC68FBFC" box="[829,986,1022,1044]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undefined-5">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F725BC84FC20FBFB" box="[829,914,1022,1043]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia</emphasis>
sp. 5
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F7F3BC84FA8DFBFB" author="Dawson MN &amp; Jacobs DK" box="[1003,1343,1022,1044]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="92 - 96" refId="ref17622" refString="Dawson MN, Jacobs DK. 2001. Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biological Bullettin 200: 92 - 96." type="journal article" year="2001">Dawson &amp; Jacobs, 2001: 93</bibRefCitation>
(Mljet). Ram̃sak 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F7BABB67FC6EFBD9" box="[930,988,1052,1074]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012: 70 (South Adriatic, Mljet lakes). 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFDF7B72F725BB41FBA3FBB8" authority="MS-MKL" authorityName="MS-MKL" box="[829,1041,1083,1104]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F725BB41FC20FBB8" box="[829,914,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Aurelia</emphasis>
MS-MKL
</taxonomicName>
lineage 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F094BB41FA16FBB8" author="Schroth W &amp; Jarms G &amp; Streit B &amp; Schierwater B" box="[1164,1444,1083,1105]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref20128" refString="Schroth W, Jarms G, Streit B, Schierwater B. 2002. Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, Aurelia sp. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2002">
Schroth 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F0E2BB46FA87FBB8" box="[1274,1333,1083,1105]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002: 4
</bibRefCitation>
(table 2) (Mljet lakes, 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDF7B72F024BB20FB27FB98" box="[1084,1173,1114,1136]" name="Croatia" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Croatia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFDF7B72F725BBEDFBDCFA35" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F725BBEDFB3BFB02" blockId="15.[829,1444,1175,1502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F725BBEDFB03FB44" box="[829,1201,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
Material examined: 
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDF7B72F05FBBEDFB19FB44" box="[1095,1195,1175,1196]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Immature, ML, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDF7B72F725BBCCFC05FB22" box="[829,951,1205,1227]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" value="2013-06">June 2013</date>
, 76 mm BD. Deposited in 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDF7B72F15FBBCCFA12FB23" box="[1351,1440,1206,1227]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">UNIPD</collectionCode>
. Accession number: 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDF7B72F003BBAEFBF1FB02" box="[1051,1091,1236,1258]" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">CN</collectionCode>
57 
<collectingCountry id="F3547633FFDF7B72F046BBAEFB37FB02" box="[1118,1157,1236,1258]" name="Switzerland" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">CH</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F74EBB89FB6AFACE" blockId="15.[829,1444,1175,1502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F74EBB89FC67FAE0" box="[854,981,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDF7B72F74EBB89FC09FAE0" box="[854,955,1267,1288]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
I:
</emphasis>
Immature, ML, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDF7B72F080BB89FAA0FAEF" box="[1176,1298,1266,1288]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" value="2013-06">June 2013</date>
, 66 mm BD. Accession number: 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDF7B72F003BA6BFBE8FACE" box="[1051,1114,1297,1318]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY_028.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F74EBA4AFAB9FA8B" blockId="15.[829,1444,1175,1502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F74EBA4AFC6DFAAD" box="[854,991,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDF7B72F74EBA4AFC09FAAD" box="[854,955,1328,1349]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
II:
</emphasis>
Immature, ML, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDF7B72F0DABA4AFA8EFAAD" box="[1218,1340,1328,1349]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" value="2013-06">June 2013</date>
, 68 mm BD. Accession number: 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDF7B72F057BA34FB3CFA8B" box="[1103,1166,1358,1379]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY_029.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F74EBA17FBDCFA35" blockId="15.[829,1444,1175,1502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F74EBA17FBBBFA6A" box="[854,1033,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Other material:</emphasis>
Six medusae, ML, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDF7B72F0EBBA17FADFFA6A" box="[1267,1389,1389,1410]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" value="2013-06">June 2013</date>
, 58 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F180BA11FA16FA6A" box="[1432,1444,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">–</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDF7B72F725BAF1FC28FA49" box="[829,922,1419,1441]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 mm</quantity>
(range of BD); three medusae, ML, 
<date id="FFFD1063FFDF7B72F14FBAF1FC17FA57" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" value="2013-02">February 2013</date>
, 70 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F7C8BAD3FC6EFA28" box="[976,988,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">–</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFDF7B72F7C4BAD0FB9CFA57" box="[988,1070,1450,1472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="95.0">95 mm</quantity>
(range of BD). Accession numbers: 
<collectionCode id="ED52AE66FFDF7B72F764BAB2FC08FA35" box="[892,954,1480,1501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">UNIS</collectionCode>
_SCY_030 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F029BABDFB8FFA36" box="[1073,1085,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">–</emphasis>
038.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFDF7B6DF725B97CFC5BFE9E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F725B97CFBABF93A" blockId="15.[829,1446,1541,1747]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F725B97CFCC5F9BF" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
Description (based on 
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDF7B72F070B97FFB7BF9F2" box="[1128,1225,1541,1562]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFDF7B72F0FCB97CFAE7F9F3" box="[1252,1365,1542,1563]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, with additional data on mature jellyfish from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFDF7B72F154B95EFCC5F9BF" author="Benovic A &amp; Lut ci'c D &amp; Onofri V &amp; Peharda M &amp; Caric M &amp; Jasprica N &amp; Coli'c S" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" pagination="197 - 206" refId="ref17038" refString="Benovic A, Lut ci'c D, Onofri V, Peharda M, Caric M, Jasprica N, Bobanovic- t Coli'c S. 2000. Ecological characteristics of the Mljet Island Sea water lakes (Southern Adriatic Sea) with special reference to their resident populations of medusae. Scientia Marina 64: 197 - 206." type="journal article" year="2000">Benović et al.</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
, 2000): Morphometric and meristic data for polyp and ephyra stages are presented in 
<tableCitation id="C6C10318FFDF7B72F15FB91BFA2DF99E" box="[1351,1439,1633,1655]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[144,210,678,697]" captionText="Table 2. Diagnostic characters for the three Mediterranean Aurelia spp.: A, polyp stage; B, ephyra stage; C, medusa stage" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Morphology is illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDF7B72F08FB9FAFAABF97D" box="[1175,1305,1663,1686]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[166,245,532,551]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,200,500]" captionTargetId="figure-424@11.[174,1437,198,499]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Interspecific morphological differences in the anastomoses and bell indentations: A, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), female, bell diameter (BD) = 125 mm; B, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), immature specimen, BD = 95 mm; C, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), male, BD = 160 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710998/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Figures 5B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDF7B72F132B9FAFADFF97D" box="[1322,1389,1662,1685]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[166,245,968,987]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetId="figure-495@13.[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Development of the gastric system in Aurelia ephyrae from four Mediterranean locations, reared in the laboratory: A–E, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), EH; F–J, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), VL; K–O, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), ML; P–T, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711004/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
8K 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F153B904FAE5F97D" box="[1355,1367,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">–</emphasis>
O
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDF7B72F166B9FAFA12F97D" box="[1406,1440,1664,1685]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[144,223,852,871]" captionTargetBox="[373,1197,195,816]" captionTargetId="figure-219@14.[373,1197,195,816]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Morphology of Aurelia spp. polyps: A, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), EH; B, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1),VL; C, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), ML; D, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711006/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">9C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDF7B72F725B9E4FC3DF95C" box="[829,911,1694,1716]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[144,223,1791,1810]" captionTargetBox="[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-221@14.[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Some asexual reproduction strategies in Aurelia spp. polyps: A, directed budded polyp in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); B, free-swimming buds in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); C, polyp budded on tentacle in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5); D, internal free propagules in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5). Scale bar: A–C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711008/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">10C, D</figureCitation>
, and 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDF7B72F7D7B9E4FB92F95C" box="[975,1056,1693,1716]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
11E 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F7E4B9E7FBBAF95C" box="[1020,1032,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">–</emphasis>
H
</figureCitation>
. Molecular diagnosis is presented in 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDF7B72F744B9C7FC78F93A" box="[860,970,1725,1747]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[166,245,1068,1087]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,195,1031]" captionTargetId="figure-110@7.[170,1433,195,1031]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. COI–28S concatenated maximum-likelihood tree reconstructed using GARLI 2.0. Numbers adjacent to nodes show the bootstrap support values. The scale indicates the number of substitutions per site. Reference sequences from GenBank are in bold." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710994/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Figures 3</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFDF7B72F01DB9C7FBA7F93A" box="[1029,1045,1725,1746]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[166,245,1726,1745]" captionTargetBox="[389,1212,1180,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-152@7.[389,1213,1180,1691]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Bayesian species tree estimated using *BEAST (COI + 28S). Numbers adjacent to nodes show the posterior probability values. The scale indicates the estimated number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5710996/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">4</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFDF7B72F725B980FC4EF883" blockId="15.[829,1444,1786,1899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F725B980FC31F8E7" box="[829,899,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Polyp:</emphasis>
Tentacles typically 16. Only two polyps (out of 30) with 14 and 22 tentacles observed. Tip of tentacles thickened. Hypostome dome-shaped. Colour whitish 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFDF7B72F78BB82EFC2DF883" box="[915,927,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">–</emphasis>
pinkish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF4B0BFBDFDE4FDE6" blockId="16.[144,759,199,526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
Main asexual reproduction by budding from stolon or directly from the column of parental polyp. Rarely podocyst originates at the base of pedal disc or along the stolon. Ciliated IFSPs (from gastrovascular cavity or stolon) frequently liberated (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF636BE3BFD26FEBE" box="[558,660,321,343]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[144,223,1791,1810]" captionTargetBox="[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-221@14.[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Some asexual reproduction strategies in Aurelia spp. polyps: A, directed budded polyp in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); B, free-swimming buds in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); C, polyp budded on tentacle in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5); D, internal free propagules in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5). Scale bar: A–C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
, arrow), exhibiting a slight rotatory (planula-like) movement for 1 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF4D5BE07FF6BFE7C" box="[205,217,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">–</emphasis>
3 days, before final settlement and development into polyp. EFSPs also observed. Asexual reproduction also through pseudoplanulae (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF695BEC1FD43FE38" box="[653,753,443,465]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[144,223,1791,1810]" captionTargetBox="[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-221@14.[372,1196,1135,1761]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. Some asexual reproduction strategies in Aurelia spp. polyps: A, directed budded polyp in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); B, free-swimming buds in Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1); C, polyp budded on tentacle in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5); D, internal free propagules in Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5). Scale bar: A–C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711008/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
, arrow; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFC07B6DF4FDBEA0FE2CFE07" author="Herouard E" box="[229,414,474,496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" pagination="320 - 323" refId="ref18746" refString="Herouard E. 1909. Sur les cycles evolutifs d'un Scyphistome. Comptes Rendus de L'Academie des Sciences (Paris) 148: 320 - 323." type="journal article" year="1909">Hérouard, 1909</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFC07B6DF5B5BEA0FD20FE18" author="Piraino S &amp; De Vito D &amp; Schmich J &amp; Bouillon J &amp; Boero F" box="[429,658,474,496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" pagination="1748 - 1754" refId="ref19916" refString="Piraino S, De Vito D, Schmich J, Bouillon J, Boero F. 2004. Reverse development in Cnidaria. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82: 1748 - 1754." type="journal article" year="2004">
Piraino 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF614BEA0FDF4FE07" box="[524,582,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004
</bibRefCitation>
). Strobilation polydisc, up to 15 discs observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF488BD4FFE42FCEB" blockId="16.[144,758,565,771]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF488BD4FFF58FDA2" box="[144,234,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Ephyra:</emphasis>
Normally eight arms, 16 marginal lappets, and eight rhopalia. Marginal lappets long, breadknifelike shaped (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFC07B6DF53FBD08FD39FD61" author="Straehler-Pohl I &amp; Jarms G" box="[295,651,626,649]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" pagination="3 - 21" refId="ref20236" refString="Straehler-Pohl I, Jarms G. 2010. Identification key for young ephyrae: a first step for early detection of jellyfish blooms. Hydrobiologia 645: 3 - 21." type="journal article" year="2010">Straehler-Pohl &amp; Jarms, 2010</bibRefCitation>
), pointed at tip (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF503BDEBFEC7FD4F" box="[283,373,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[166,245,968,987]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetId="figure-495@13.[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Development of the gastric system in Aurelia ephyrae from four Mediterranean locations, reared in the laboratory: A–E, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), EH; F–J, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), VL; K–O, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), ML; P–T, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711004/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 8K</figureCitation>
). Colour milky 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF643BDEAFDD5FD4F" box="[603,615,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">–</emphasis>
transparent. Manubrium cruciform, oral arms appearing during the second week of ephyra development. One or two gastric filaments per quadrant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF488BC50FD90FC51" blockId="16.[144,759,810,1901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF488BC50FF42FCD7" box="[144,240,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Medusa:</emphasis>
Disc flat, whitish. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B52FFC07B6DF5EDBC50FD44FCA8" author="Benovic A &amp; Lut ci'c D &amp; Onofri V &amp; Peharda M &amp; Caric M &amp; Jasprica N &amp; Coli'c S" box="[501,758,810,832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" pagination="197 - 206" refId="ref17038" refString="Benovic A, Lut ci'c D, Onofri V, Peharda M, Caric M, Jasprica N, Bobanovic- t Coli'c S. 2000. Ecological characteristics of the Mljet Island Sea water lakes (Southern Adriatic Sea) with special reference to their resident populations of medusae. Scientia Marina 64: 197 - 206." type="journal article" year="2000">
Benović 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF67ABC50FD2EFCD7" box="[610,668,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
reported BD up to 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFC07B6DF59BBC32FE7AFCB6" box="[387,456,840,862]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="cm" value="55.0">55 cm</quantity>
in diameter. Bell shape (f21), typically undulating or straight, with eight marginal lobes and eight marginal sense organs in a medium cleft (f29, 4.32 ƚ 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFC07B6DF5A4BCDEFDA4FC51" box="[444,534,932,953]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF4B0BCB8FEBBFB9A" blockId="16.[144,759,810,1901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
The sense organ is protected on the exumbrellar side by a dorsal hood of triangular shape (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF69DBC9BFD5BFC1F" box="[645,745,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
). The rhopalium is long and directed towards the bell margin (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF4EBBB64FEE5FBDC" box="[243,343,1054,1076]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 11F</figureCitation>
). Long rhopaliar lappets are visible on both exumbrellar and sumbumbrellar sides (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF480BB21FF4EFB9A" box="[152,252,1115,1138]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF4B0BB00FDF3FA8E" blockId="16.[144,759,810,1901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
The ectodermal ocellus is small and appears as a protuberance with a dense concentration of reddish pigment granules (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF564BBCDFE51FB25" box="[380,483,1207,1229]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 11G</figureCitation>
). A large endodermal ocellus is visible on the subumbrellar side at the base of the lithocyst (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF591BB8EFE42FAE2" box="[393,496,1268,1290]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 11G</figureCitation>
). The reddish pigment granules of the endodermal ocellus are arranged in a circular shape, with the dark reddish pigment granules around the perimeter (
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF5D5BA2AFD86FA8E" box="[461,564,1360,1382]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="15.[166,245,872,891]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetId="figure-511@15.[171,1433,195,836]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 11. Structure of marginal sense organ in Aurelia medusae: A–D, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), bell diameter (BD) = 136 mm; E–H, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (=Aurelia sp. 5), BD = 95 mm; I– L, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), BD = 144 mm. The rhopalium is directed towards the bell margin in A. coerulea (B) and A. relicta sp. nov. (F), angled at ~90° in A. solida (J). Abbreviations: ec. o, ectodermal ocellus; en. o, endodermal ocellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711010/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 11H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF4B0BA14FEA4FA08" blockId="16.[144,759,810,1901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">The sense organ is always surrounded by two thin branches of medium interradial canal, which turn into anastomoses (or not) with close canals in larger individuals.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF4B0BA93FF40F990" blockId="16.[144,759,810,1901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
Numerous small and whitish tentacles arranged slightly above the bell margin. Manubrium cruciform, rigid, depth 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFC07B6DF564B95CFE68F9D3" box="[380,474,1573,1596]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">
1 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF591B95FFE27F9D4" box="[393,405,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">–</emphasis>
3 mm
</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4CBB9B46FFC07B6DF659B95CFD1FF9D3" box="[577,685,1573,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="8.0">
8 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF657B95FFDE9F9D4" box="[591,603,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">–</emphasis>
21 mm
</quantity>
, with four perradial oral arms slightly folded, mean length (f5) 7 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF4D3B91EFF64F991" box="[203,214,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">r</emphasis>
/9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF4B0B9F8FC5BFE9E" blockId="16.[144,759,810,1901]" lastBlockId="16.[806,1421,199,374]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
Four interradial gonads, horseshoe-shaped. Opposite gastric cavities close across the diameter; proximal gastric diameter (f9) ranging from 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF664B9C5FD35F93C" box="[636,647,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">r</emphasis>
/7 to 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF6C8B9C5FD69F93C" box="[720,731,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">r</emphasis>
/4; distal gastric diameter (f10) ranging from 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF663B9A4FD34F91B" box="[635,646,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">r</emphasis>
/2 to 2 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF6C8B9A4FD69F91B" box="[720,731,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">r</emphasis>
/3. From each gastrogenital sinus, between six and nine thin canals (see also the development of canals in 
<figureCitation id="13782A26FFC07B6DF488B843FF54F8A7" box="[144,230,1849,1871]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[166,245,968,987]" captionTargetBox="[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetId="figure-495@13.[171,1433,195,931]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Development of the gastric system in Aurelia ephyrae from four Mediterranean locations, reared in the laboratory: A–E, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), EH; F–J, Aurelia coerulea (= Aurelia sp. 1), VL; K–O, Aurelia relicta sp. nov. (= Aurelia sp. 5), ML; P–T, Aurelia solida (= Aurelia sp. 8), GT. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5711004/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 8O</figureCitation>
) depart (ranges of variation: between two and four perradials, two adradials, and between one and five interradials). Perradial (f26) and interradial (f27) canals gradually branching and anastomosing (between ten and 27 times) in the distal third of the bell, creating a delicate mesh net. Adradial canals (f28) unbranched, occasionally one or two anastomoses are found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFC07B6DF73EBEE7FCEDFDA4" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF73EBEE7FB09FE18" blockId="16.[806,1421,413,496]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF73EBEE7FC16FE5A" box="[806,932,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Etymology:</emphasis>
From the Latin 
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF09EBEE7FB68FE5A" box="[1158,1242,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">relictus</emphasis>
= abandoned, forsaken. The specific name refers to the ‘relict’ geographic isolation of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF73EBD62FCEDFDA4" blockId="16.[806,1421,535,588]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF73EBD62FC77FDC4" box="[806,965,535,557]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFC07B6DF73EBD62FCEEFDC5" box="[806,860,536,557]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Veliko Jezero (Mljet Island, Adriatic Sea).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection id="E2CC2F48FFC07B6DF73EBD09FCECFD0C" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFC07B6DF73EBD09FBF5FD61" box="[806,1095,627,649]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF73EBD09FBF5FD61" blockId="16.[806,1095,627,649]" box="[806,1095,627,649]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF73EBD09FC37FD60" box="[806,901,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Habitat:</emphasis>
Marine, neritic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFC07B6DF73EBDCAFCECFD0C" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF73EBDCAFCECFD0C" blockId="16.[806,1421,688,740]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF73EBDCAFC0AFD2D" box="[806,952,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Distribution:</emphasis>
Currently known from the 
<typeStatus id="54F88801FFC07B6DF119BDCAFA80FD2D" box="[1281,1330,688,709]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">type</typeStatus>
locality only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection id="E2CC2F48FFC07B6DF73EBC71FACDFCA8" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="C3596528FFC07B6DF73EBC71FACDFCA8" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A3FFC07B6DF73EBC71FACDFCA8" blockId="16.[806,1421,779,832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF73EBC71FC20FCC8" box="[806,914,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Remarks:</emphasis>
Within the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFC07B6DF0A3BC71FAA2FCC8" box="[1211,1296,779,800]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF0A3BC71FAA2FCC8" box="[1211,1296,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Aurelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C434D20FFC07B6DF120BC71FCDCFCD7" authority="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino, 2017" authorityName="Scorrano &amp; Aglieri &amp; Boero &amp; Dawson &amp; Piraino" authorityYear="2017" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" genus="Aurelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="relicta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAB1FFC07B6DF120BC71FCDCFCD7" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Aurelia relicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20457CAFFC07B6DF760BC51FC63FCA8" box="[888,977,811,832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has the smallest known distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>