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<document id="F22FCB1E17108CBD3630757BECE4769F" ID-CLB-Dataset="32247" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4314.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0c51a8a-3803-4bab-bf2b-5f607902f0d1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="858378" ID-ZooBank="6758Dc40-4356-4Adc-9Bd6-456652Ea5162" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504183295007" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cumming, Jeffrey M." docDate="2017" docId="03E9879C8D0DFFFB57E02DE0FED45E01" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4314.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4314 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parathalassius uniformus Cumming 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFD0FFE48D3DFFC957772B75FFFA5D15" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Nearctic Parathalassius Mik (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae), with a review of the world fauna" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698467597910" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1AEF1B613F92EB215ED55BDA823E2F50">Revision of the Nearctic Parathalassius Mik (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae), with a review of the world fauna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CDEDA808F5724107403EB4C4C55F4069">Cumming, Jeffrey M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E637012AB793F4A11F8D36D8D2DB5DDF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EB7504FAE57806997476923E5F24EA91">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1A94E55A022B7B47BE22AFD221B5E600">2017-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="CCF958E1A9DB25F92AC85631767431F2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C9329E3537748707BB163FDA1D9FEBEB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4314.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E9879C8D0DFFFB57E02DE0FED45E01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022520" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133100302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022520" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879C8D0DFFFB57E02DE0FED45E01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9879C8D0DFFFB57E02DE0FED45E01" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D0DFFF957E02DE0FCF85BC5" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0DFFF957E02DE0FDCF5BBA" blockId="48.[151,770,1685,1744]" box="[151,565,1685,1711]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D0B781E68D0DFFF957E02DE0FDCF5BBA" bold="true" box="[151,565,1685,1711]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0DFFF957E02DE0FDCF5BBA" bold="true" box="[151,565,1685,1711]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D0DFFF957E02DE0FE2A5BBA" authority="Cumming, 2017" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,464,1685,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0DFFF957E02DE0FE2A5BBA" bold="true" box="[151,464,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Parathalassius uniformus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757E38D0DFFF956A02DE0FDCF5BBA" box="[471,565,1685,1711]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0DFFF957E02DC2FCF85BC5" blockId="48.[151,770,1685,1744]" box="[151,770,1719,1744]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0DFFF957E82DC2FEE85BC5" box="[159,274,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1678,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,211,1630]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,211,1630]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Parathalassius habitus photographs. 5. Male of Parathalassius blasigii Mik resting on sand at Parque Natural do Litoral Norte, Portugal. 6. Female of Parathalassius blasigii Mik resting on sand at Parque Natural do Litoral Norte, Portugal. 7. Male of Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., resting on sand at Oso Flaco Dunes, California. 8 – 9. Male of Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., resting on Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene (beach bur) at Surf Beach, California. 10. Male and female mating pair of Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., on sand at Surf Beach, California. Photographs by Rui Andrade (Figs 5 – 6), and Alice Abela (Figs 7 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858382/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 8–10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0DFFF9566A2DC2FE9C5BC5" box="[285,358,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 37" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 37. Heads of Nearctic Parathalassius. 29 – 30. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male, anterior and lateral views. 31 – 32. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female, anterior and lateral views. 33. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male, anterior view. 34. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male, anterior view. 35. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male, anterior view. 36. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male, anterior view. 37. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., female, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858390/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">36–37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0DFFF956062DCDFE755BC5" box="[369,399,1720,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 47" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1143,1166]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 47. Antennae of Nearctic Parathalassius (male left antenna in medial view, unless otherwise noted). 38. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 39. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 40. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 41. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 42. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, right antenna in lateral view. 43. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 44. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 45. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., right antenna in lateral view. 46. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 47. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ar styl—arista-like stylus; ppedpostpedicel." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858392/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0DFFF956EC2DC2FE405BC5" box="[411,442,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 67" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 67. Wings of Nearctic Parathalassius. 56. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., male. 57. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., male. 58. Parathalassius candidatus Melander, male. 59. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., male. 60. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, male. 61. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, female. 62. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male. 63. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 64. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male. 65. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male. 66. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male. 67. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male. Abbreviations: bm-m—basal medial crossvein; cuaanterior cubital (= anal) cell; CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein; CuP—posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M 1, M 2, M 4 — medial veins; R 1, R 2 + 3, R 4 + 5 — radial veins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858398/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">67</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0DFFF956B22DCDFE195BC5" box="[453,483,1720,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 94" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,197,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 94. Left ventral epandrial processes of Nearctic Parathalassius, lateral view (unless otherwise noted). 80. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 81. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 82. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 83. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 84. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 85. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. 86. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 87. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 88. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 89. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 90. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., ventrolateral view. 91. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 92. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 93. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 94. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858408/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">91</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0DFFF956982DCDFDA95BC5" box="[495,595,1720,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 103 – 110" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1820,1843]" captionTargetBox="[169,1427,343,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,319,1809]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 103 – 110. Phallus of Nearctic Parathalassius species. 103. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander, entire phallus, left lateral view. 104. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander, distal portion, posterior view. 105. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., entire phallus, left lateral view. 106. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 107. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., entire phallus, left lateral view. 108. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 109. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 110. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. Abbreviations: ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; v spur—ventral spur-like projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858412/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">109–110</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0DFFF955292DCDFD705BC5" box="[606,650,1720,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 121 – 126" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1695,1718]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,209,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,193,1675]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 121 – 126. Male cerci of Nearctic Parathalassius, dorsal view. 121. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 122. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 123. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 124. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 125. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 126. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. Abbreviation: hyprct—hypoproct. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858418/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">124</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0DFFF955E02DCDFD395BC5" box="[663,707,1720,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 141" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1156,1179]" captionTargetBox="[173,1424,196,1096]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1436,193,1135]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 141. Female sternite 8 of Nearctic Parathalassius, ventral view. 133. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 134. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 135. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 136. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 137. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 138. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 139. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 140. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 141. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858424/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">138</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0DFFF955B92DC2FD035BC5" box="[718,761,1719,1744]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 – 153" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1234,1257]" captionTargetBox="[366,1213,201,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[365,1221,193,1213]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 152 – 153. Known geographical distributions of Nearctic Parathalassius. 152. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 153. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858432/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">152</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D0DFFF857E02D8AFB375DED" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0DFFF957E02D8AFB8B5A91" blockId="48.[151,1436,1791,2033]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0DFFF957E02D8AFC695A75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279952" collectingDate="2016-04-05" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="A. J. Abela &amp; Brooks &amp; Cumming" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Vandenberg Air" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0DFFF957E02D8AFE0B5A0D" bold="true" box="[151,497,1791,1816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<typeStatus id="54FB88288D0DFFF957E02D8AFF285A0D" box="[151,210,1791,1816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="54FB88288D0DFFF956252D8AFE0B5A0D" box="[338,497,1791,1816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF9568B2C75FDEB5A02" box="[508,529,1792,1815]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
labelled: “
<collectingCountry id="F357761A8D0DFFF955E62C75FD355A0D" box="[657,719,1792,1816]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">USA</collectingCountry>
: CA:
<collectingCounty id="629E4E068D0DFFF954612C75FC115A0D" box="[790,1003,1791,1816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Santa Barbara Co.</collectingCounty>
:/
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9BACF08D0DFFF953742D8AFB7D5A0D" box="[1027,1159,1791,1816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Surf Beach</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E9F60518D0DFFF953E22D8AFAB05A0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879C8D0DFFFB57E02DE0FED45E01:8E9F60518D0DFFF953E22D8AFAB05A0D" box="[1173,1354,1791,1816]" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" name="Vandenberg Air" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Vandenberg Air</location>
/
<location id="8E9F60518D0DFFF9522B2C75FF2A5A29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879C8D0DFFFB57E02DE0FED45E01:8E9F60518D0DFFF9522B2C75FF2A5A29" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" name="Force Base" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Force Base</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE74504D8D0DFFF957902C51FE865A28" box="[231,380,1828,1853]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="34.6838">34.683801°N</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="EE74504D8D0DFFF956EF2C51FDB95A28" box="[408,579,1828,1853]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" precision="1" value="-120.60552">120.605520°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="EFBAE9A28D0DFFF9552D2C51FD3A5A28" box="[602,704,1828,1853]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-04-05">
<date id="FFFE104A8D0DFFF9552D2C51FD3A5A28" box="[602,704,1828,1853]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-04-05">5.iv.2016</date>
</collectingDate>
/
<collectorName id="26B5535C8D0DFFF955AB2C51FC985A28" box="[732,866,1828,1853]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A.J. Abela</collectorName>
, ex: sandy coastal/ foredune”; “
<typeStatus id="54FB88288D0DFFF953892C51FA6E5A29" box="[1278,1428,1828,1852]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D0DFFF957E02C32FE425A75" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,440,1863,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformus">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0DFFF957E02C32FE425A75" box="[151,440,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Parathalassius uniformus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<collectorName id="26B5535C8D0DFFF956BE2C32FDE05A75" box="[457,538,1863,1888]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Brooks</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26B5535C8D0DFFF955372C32FD4A5A75" box="[576,688,1863,1888]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cumming</collectorName>
[red label]” (
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0DFFF9543C2C3DFC705A75" box="[843,906,1864,1888]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0DFFF954E82C32FE245A91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279960" collectingDate="2016-04-05" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="A. J. Abela &amp; Brooks &amp; Cumming" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Vandenberg Air" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="40" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="37" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0DFFF954E82C32FAD95A75" bold="true" box="[927,1315,1863,1888]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<typeStatus id="54FB88288D0DFFF954E82C32FBBD5A75" box="[927,1095,1863,1888]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="F357761A8D0DFFF953222C32FB6B5A75" box="[1109,1169,1863,1888]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D0DFFF953E92C32FAE75A75" box="[1182,1309,1863,1888]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">California</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
same data as holotype (
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF956502C19FEA15A91" box="[295,347,1900,1924]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="male">37♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF956112C19FE705A91" box="[358,394,1900,1924]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0DFFF956E02C19FE2F5A91" box="[407,469,1900,1924]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0DFFF9569E2C18FB975A91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279961" box="[489,1133,1900,1925]" collectingDate="2016-04-06" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="A. J. Abela &amp; Brooks &amp; Cumming" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Vandenberg Air" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="10" typeStatus="paratype">
same data as holotype except,
<collectingDate id="EFBAE9A28D0DFFF954492C19FC5C5A90" box="[830,934,1900,1925]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-04-06">
<date id="FFFE104A8D0DFFF954492C19FC5C5A90" box="[830,934,1900,1925]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-04-06">6.iv.2016</date>
</collectingDate>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF954C12C19FC105A91" box="[950,1002,1900,1924]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="male">10♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF954822C19FBE35A90" box="[1013,1049,1900,1925]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0DFFF953512C19FB9E5A91" box="[1062,1124,1900,1924]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0DFFF857B02CFAFB375DED" blockId="48.[151,1436,1791,2033]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0DFFF957B02CFAFD355AD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279962" collectingDate="2016-06-04" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="A. J. Abela &amp; Brooks &amp; Cumming" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Other" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="48" specimenCount-female="34" specimenCount-male="14" stateProvince="California">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0DFFF957B02CFAFD0A5ABD" bold="true" box="[199,752,1935,1960]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<location id="8E9F60518D0DFFF957B02CFAFEF55ABD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879C8D0DFFFB57E02DE0FED45E01:8E9F60518D0DFFF957B02CFAFEF55ABD" box="[199,271,1935,1960]" country="United States of America" name="Other" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="California">Other</location>
material examined.
<collectingCountry id="F357761A8D0DFFF9556B2CFAFDA25ABD" box="[540,600,1935,1960]" name="United States of America" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D0DFFF9551B2CFAFD115ABD" box="[620,747,1935,1960]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">California</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
same data as holotype except,
<collectingDate id="EFBAE9A28D0DFFF953092CFAFB115ABD" box="[1150,1259,1935,1960]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-06-04">
<date id="FFFE104A8D0DFFF953092CFAFB115ABD" box="[1150,1259,1935,1960]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2016-06-04">4.vi.2016</date>
</collectingDate>
, ex:
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D0DFFF952472CFAFED25AD8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamissionis">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0DFFF952472CFAFED25AD8" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ambrosia chamissionis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp; coastal dunes (
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF955752CC1FDCC5AD9" box="[514,566,1972,1996]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="male">14♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF955322CC1FD825AD9" box="[581,632,1972,1996]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">34♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0DFFF955FF2CC1FD3C5AD9" box="[648,710,1972,1996]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0DFFF955A92CC0FD665AE4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279946" collectingDate="2016-06-04" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="A. J. Abela &amp; Brooks &amp; Cumming" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Other" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCode="CNC573801, CNC573803, CNC573765" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="California">
same data except,
<specimenCode id="DBE69EF18D0DFFF954CF2CC1FBB25AD8" box="[952,1096,1972,1997]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CNC573801</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBE69EF18D0DFFF953202CC1FB1F5AD8" box="[1111,1253,1972,1997]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CNC573803</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF9538E2CC1FAE55AD9" box="[1273,1311,1972,1996]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, barcoded,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0DFFF957E02CADFF2F5AE5" box="[151,213,2008,2032]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CNC</collectionCode>
),
<specimenCode id="DBE69EF18D0DFFF9579E2CADFE8D5AE4" box="[233,375,2008,2033]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CNC573765</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF956FC2CADFE565AE5" box="[395,428,2008,2032]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, barcode-associated)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0DFFF955DE2CACFA625AE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279954" box="[681,1432,2008,2033]" collectingDate="2016-06-04" collectionCode="CNC, CSCA" collectorName="S. E. Brooks" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Other" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="59" specimenCount-female="32" specimenCount-male="27" stateProvince="California">
same data except,
<collectorName id="26B5535C8D0DFFF9540D2CADFBF85AE4" box="[890,1026,2008,2033]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S.E. Brooks</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF953642CADFBBD5AE4" box="[1043,1095,2008,2033]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="male">25♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF953242CADFB7C5AE5" box="[1107,1158,2008,2032]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">30♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0DFFF953E32CADFB2B5AE5" box="[1172,1233,2008,2032]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CNC</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF953AA2CADFAF95AE5" box="[1245,1283,2008,2032]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0DFFF952672CADFACE5AE5" box="[1296,1332,2008,2032]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0DFFF952352CADFA6A5AE5" box="[1346,1424,2008,2032]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33156" name="California State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">CSCA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0CFFF857E02BEDFA625DA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279964" box="[151,1432,151,176]" collectingDate="2016-06-04" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="S. E. Brooks" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Other" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="CNC573332, CNC573254, CNC573337" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California">
same data except,
<specimenCode id="DBE69EF18D0CFFF856102BE2FE0F5DA5" box="[359,501,151,176]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC573332</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0CFFF855702BEDFDD15DA5" box="[519,555,152,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, barcoded,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0CFFF855D92BEDFD165DA5" box="[686,748,152,176]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC</collectionCode>
),
<specimenCode id="DBE69EF18D0CFFF854772BE2FC6A5DA5" box="[768,912,151,176]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC573254</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBE69EF18D0CFFF854EB2BE2FBD05DA5" box="[924,1066,151,176]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC573337</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0CFFF8534A2BEDFBA55DA5" box="[1085,1119,152,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, barcode-associated,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0CFFF852252BEDFA6A5DA5" box="[1362,1424,152,176]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0CFFF857E02BC8FCFF5DC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279947" box="[151,773,188,213]" collectingDate="2016-06-04" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="J. M. Cumming" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Other" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="California">
same data except,
<collectorName id="26B5535C8D0CFFF8560E2BC8FDD35DC0" box="[377,553,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">J.M. Cumming</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0CFFF855372BC9FD9C5DC1" box="[576,614,188,212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0CFFF8550F2BC9FD515DC1" box="[632,683,188,212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">13♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0CFFF855C82BC9FD075DC1" box="[703,765,188,212]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0CFFF854602BC8FD755DED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279958" collectingDate="2016-06-04" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="J. M. Cumming" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Other" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="CNC582777, CNC582785" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California">
same data except,
<specimenCode id="DBE69EF18D0CFFF8548D2BC9FB7D5DC0" box="[1018,1159,188,213]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC582777</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0CFFF853E82BC9FB395DC1" box="[1183,1219,188,212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, barcoded,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0CFFF852252BC9FA6A5DC1" box="[1362,1424,188,212]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC</collectionCode>
),
<specimenCode id="DBE69EF18D0CFFF857E02BAAFEDF5DED" box="[151,293,223,248]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC582785</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0CFFF856402B95FEA25DED" box="[311,344,224,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, barcode-associated,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0CFFF8553E2B95FD7D5DED" box="[585,647,224,248]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD78D0CFFF855ED2B95FB335DED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279957" box="[666,1225,223,248]" collectingDate="2016-06-04" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="S. H. Cumming" country="United States of America" county="Santa Barbara Co." latitude="34.6838" location="Other" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-120.60552" municipality="Surf Beach" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California">
same data except,
<collectorName id="26B5535C8D0CFFF8541F2B95FBEB5DED" box="[872,1041,223,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S.H. Cumming</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0CFFF853562B95FBBC5DED" box="[1057,1094,224,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D46FD038D0CFFF853252B95FB8C5DED" box="[1106,1142,224,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED51AE4F8D0CFFF853F42B95FB385DED" box="[1155,1218,224,248]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D0CFFF857B02A71FC505C70" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0CFFF857B02A71FC505C70" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF857B02A71FEBB5C08" bold="true" box="[199,321,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This relatively small species is characterized by a subtriangular antennal postpedicel, uniformly short male ommatrichia, 2 notopleural bristles, hyaline wing, relatively dark legs, male hypopygium compact, and female sternite 8 with longitudinal ridges extended across apical third.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D0CFFFB57B02A1AFAEA5F28" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0CFFFB57B02A1AFD955C09" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF857B02A1AFE615C9D" bold="true" box="[199,411,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Description. Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0CFFF856DE2A1AFDE45C9D" box="[425,542,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1678,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,211,1630]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,211,1630]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Parathalassius habitus photographs. 5. Male of Parathalassius blasigii Mik resting on sand at Parque Natural do Litoral Norte, Portugal. 6. Female of Parathalassius blasigii Mik resting on sand at Parque Natural do Litoral Norte, Portugal. 7. Male of Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., resting on sand at Oso Flaco Dunes, California. 8 – 9. Male of Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., resting on Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene (beach bur) at Surf Beach, California. 10. Male and female mating pair of Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., on sand at Surf Beach, California. Photographs by Rui Andrade (Figs 5 – 6), and Alice Abela (Figs 7 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858382/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 8–10</figureCitation>
): Body length
<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D0CFFF855B62A05FCB35C92" box="[705,841,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.1 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D0CFFF854A82A1AFB925C92" box="[991,1128,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
. Dark brown ground colour mostly covered with dense greyish-white pruinosity. Setae of body and legs white.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF853112AE1FB5F5CB8" bold="true" box="[1126,1189,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0CFFF853CE2AE1FAEB5CB8" box="[1209,1297,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 37" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 37. Heads of Nearctic Parathalassius. 29 – 30. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male, anterior and lateral views. 31 – 32. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female, anterior and lateral views. 33. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male, anterior view. 34. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male, anterior view. 35. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male, anterior view. 36. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male, anterior view. 37. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., female, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858390/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
): Eyes with ommatrichia of nearly uniform length, not distinctly longer on lower third. Face and clypeus concolourous with greyish-white frons and vertex. Face narrowest at middle, about 2.5X width of anterior ocellus. Gena without setae and postgena with moderately short sparse setae, not forming beard flanking mouthparts. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0CFFF8524A2A8AFA6E5F0D" box="[1341,1428,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 47" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1143,1166]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1122]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 47. Antennae of Nearctic Parathalassius (male left antenna in medial view, unless otherwise noted). 38. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 39. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 40. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 41. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 42. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, right antenna in lateral view. 43. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 44. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 45. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., right antenna in lateral view. 46. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 47. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. Abbreviations: ar styl—arista-like stylus; ppedpostpedicel." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858392/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
) including arista-like stylus, entirely dark brown; postpedicel subtriangular, 1.4–1.5X longer than wide; arista-like stylus of medium length, about 1.7X length of postpedicel. Palpus with 2–3 moderately long setae and several short setulae on outer surface of apical half.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF8553C2919FD575F90" bold="true" box="[587,685,620,645]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Thorax:</emphasis>
Acrostichal setulae biserial; 6–7 dorsocentral bristles, 0 presutural intra-alar bristles, 1 presutural supra-alar (posthumeral) bristle, 2–3 postsutural supra-alar bristles, 2 notopleural bristles. Scutellum with 2–3 pairs of bristles.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF855E029C1FD225FD8" bold="true" box="[663,728,692,717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Legs:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF8559729C1FCCD5FD8" box="[736,823,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Foreleg</emphasis>
: Dark grey, pale at knee and apex of tibia, tarsomere1 pale yellow basally, apex of tarsomere 1 and tarsomeres 2–5 brown. Coxa with short pale setae on anterior surface. Femur with short setae on posterior surface. Tibia with short setae and setulae. Tarsus with setulae; tarsomeres 1–2 not dilated.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF85657286AFE955E2D" box="[288,367,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Midleg</emphasis>
: Dark grey, pale at knee and extreme apex of tibia, tarsomere 1 pale yellow basally, apex of tarsomere 1 and tarsomeres 2–5 brown. Femur with apical anterodorsal setae most prominent, relatively short. Tibia with 1 apicoventral bristle. Tarsomeres 1–4 each with several dark spine-like apicoventral setae.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF8524D2812FA6E5E95" box="[1338,1428,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hindleg</emphasis>
: Dark grey, femur dark brown posteriorly, pale at knee and extreme apex of tibia, tarsomere 1 pale yellow, tarsomeres 2–5 pale brown to brown. Femur with anteroventral row of setae prominent, short basally, longer apically. Tibia with anterodorsal and anteroventral rows of setae short to moderate length, shorter or subequal to width of tibia. Tarsus slightly longer than tibia with short setae and setulae; tarsomere 1 shorter than combined length of tarsomeres 2–4; tarsomeres 1–4 lacking peg-like or thickened setae dorsally; tarsomere 2 longer than tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3 longer than tarsomere 4; tarsomere 5 subequal in length to tarsomere 3.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF8539F2F4AFAD3594D" bold="true" box="[1256,1321,1087,1112]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0CFFF8524E2F4AFA75594D" box="[1337,1423,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 67" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 67. Wings of Nearctic Parathalassius. 56. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., male. 57. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., male. 58. Parathalassius candidatus Melander, male. 59. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., male. 60. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, male. 61. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, female. 62. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male. 63. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 64. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male. 65. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male. 66. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male. 67. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male. Abbreviations: bm-m—basal medial crossvein; cuaanterior cubital (= anal) cell; CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein; CuP—posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M 1, M 2, M 4 — medial veins; R 1, R 2 + 3, R 4 + 5 — radial veins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858398/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
): Hyaline with brown veins. Cell dm produced apically, dm-m crossvein slightly concave. Vein CuA+CuP short to medium length, nearly straight.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF856892FF2FD8659B5" bold="true" box="[510,636,1159,1184]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Tergites 2–4 with setae relatively short and weak. Sternite 5 with short straight digitiform pregenitalic process present, base lacking anterior projection, apex blunt and covered with microtrichia, posterior edge of sternite 5 (behind process) emarginate. Sternite 8 subquadrate with setae longer along posterolateral margins.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0CFFF8569A2F80FD865819" box="[493,636,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0CFFF855F82F81FD135819" box="[655,745,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 94" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,197,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 94. Left ventral epandrial processes of Nearctic Parathalassius, lateral view (unless otherwise noted). 80. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 81. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 82. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 83. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 84. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 85. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. 86. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 87. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 88. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 89. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 90. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., ventrolateral view. 91. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 92. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 93. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 94. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858408/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 91</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0CFFF8558F2F81FCA15819" box="[760,859,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 103 – 110" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1820,1843]" captionTargetBox="[169,1427,343,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,319,1809]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 103 – 110. Phallus of Nearctic Parathalassius species. 103. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander, entire phallus, left lateral view. 104. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander, distal portion, posterior view. 105. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., entire phallus, left lateral view. 106. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 107. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., entire phallus, left lateral view. 108. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 109. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 110. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. Abbreviations: ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; v spur—ventral spur-like projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858412/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">109–110</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0CFFF8541D2F81FC635819" box="[874,921,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 121 – 126" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1695,1718]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,209,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,193,1675]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 121 – 126. Male cerci of Nearctic Parathalassius, dorsal view. 121. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 122. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 123. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 124. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 125. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 126. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. Abbreviation: hyprct—hypoproct. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858418/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">124</figureCitation>
): Relatively compact. Left epandrial lamella with ventral portion elongate (about
<date id="FFFE104A8D0CFFF855412E6DFDA25825" box="[566,600,1304,1328]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">2X</date>
longer than high); ventral epandrial process broadly bifurcate, dorsal arm with weak ventral curve, apex expanded and blunt, ventral arm thick with minute apicodorsal seta and minute distiventral seta, apex with expanded lamelliform concavity. Dorsal lobe of left surstylus with basiventral edge rounded and flap-like, apex broadly rounded, with long basidorsal seta on bump-like protuberance, short lateral seta and long apical seta, medial surface with stalk-like projection bearing lamelliform apical seta. Ventral lobe of left surstylus shallowly bilobate in lateral view, dorsal lobe short with apex subquadrate, ventral lobe with basal pointed process bearing apical seta and complex upturned bifurcate projection arising medioventrally. Right epandrial lamella with ventral epandrial process barely developed as a short angular projection; basal portion of epandrial lamella narrowed and dorsally curved, with deep dorsal emargination bordering ventral margin of right cercus. Dorsal lobe of right surstylus with 3 lateral setae (distal-most seta strongest, middle seta weakest), apex narrowed with subtriangular tip bearing thick apically-frayed prensiseta on medial surface. Ventral lobe of right surstylus with lateral seta at basal third, distal 2/3 recurved, slender with narrow apically pointed lamelliform seta proximal to rounded lamelliform apex. Hypandrium large, reniform and bare. Left postgonite lobe subquadrate basally, constricted near middle, distal portion subrectangular and flat with claw-like apicodorsal process, base of lobe with broad curved apically-pointed medial projection. Right postgonite lobe with broad lateral protuberance and lamelliform medial projection, apex bifurcate with well-developed digitiform ventral process and lamellate dorsal process. Phallus relatively short and moderately curved, flattened preapically with membranous region on right side, apex straight. Ejaculatory apodeme subtriangular with apex slightly curved ventrally. Hypoproct projected dorsally as pair of slender pointed lobes, each lobe with ventral cluster of 3–4 minute setae proximal to apex, left lobe also with piliferous region apicoventrally. Cerci with anal setae well-developed and differentiated from surrounding hairs; right cercus much larger than left cercus with basal portion distended and rounded laterally, apex slightly widened, not dorsally deflected, truncate with pair of setae at apicolateral margin; left cercus oblong in dorsal view, apex broad, even with apex of right cercus, not dorsally deflected, with stub-like apicolateral projection bearing pair of thickened setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0FFFFB57B02A52FAEA5F28" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB57B02A52FEE45C55" bold="true" box="[199,286,295,320]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0FFFFB565A2A52FE7B5C55" box="[301,385,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1678,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,211,1630]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,211,1630]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Parathalassius habitus photographs. 5. Male of Parathalassius blasigii Mik resting on sand at Parque Natural do Litoral Norte, Portugal. 6. Female of Parathalassius blasigii Mik resting on sand at Parque Natural do Litoral Norte, Portugal. 7. Male of Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., resting on sand at Oso Flaco Dunes, California. 8 – 9. Male of Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., resting on Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene (beach bur) at Surf Beach, California. 10. Male and female mating pair of Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., on sand at Surf Beach, California. Photographs by Rui Andrade (Figs 5 – 6), and Alice Abela (Figs 7 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858382/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
): Body length
<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D0FFFFB55522A5DFD545C2A" box="[549,686,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.3499999999999996" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.8 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D0FFFFB54322A52FC355C2A" box="[837,975,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.8" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.1 mm</quantity>
. Similar to male except as follows:
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB522B2A52FA665C55" bold="true" box="[1372,1436,295,320]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0FFFFB57E82A39FF065C71" box="[159,252,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 37" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 37. Heads of Nearctic Parathalassius. 29 – 30. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male, anterior and lateral views. 31 – 32. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female, anterior and lateral views. 33. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male, anterior view. 34. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male, anterior view. 35. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male, anterior view. 36. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male, anterior view. 37. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., female, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858390/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
): Face wider, at middle about 4.0–4.25X width of anterior ocellus.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB53392A39FB755C70" bold="true" box="[1102,1167,332,357]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Legs:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB53E82A39FB035C70" box="[1183,1273,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hindleg</emphasis>
: Femur with anteroventral row of setae shorter. Tibia with anterodorsal and anteroventral rows of setae shorter.
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB52692A1AFA665C9D" bold="true" box="[1310,1436,367,392]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Tergites 2–4 with setae slightly longer. Tergite 5 broadly subtriangular to semicircular in dorsal view with posterior margin rounded (cf.
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0FFFFB560A2AC2FE275CC5" box="[381,477,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 127 – 132" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1826,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 127 – 132. Female terminalia of Nearctic Parathalassius. 127. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., lateral view. 128. Same, dorsal view. 129. Same, ventral view. 130. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., lateral view. 131. Same, dorsal view. 132. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: st—sternite; tg—tergite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858420/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 131</figureCitation>
). Terminalia distinctly narrower than base of segment 5 (cf.
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0FFFFB53F42AC2FADA5CC5" box="[1155,1312,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 127 – 132" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1826,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[151,1436,411,1805]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 127 – 132. Female terminalia of Nearctic Parathalassius. 127. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., lateral view. 128. Same, dorsal view. 129. Same, ventral view. 130. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., lateral view. 131. Same, dorsal view. 132. Same, ventral view. Abbreviations: st—sternite; tg—tergite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858420/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 131–132</figureCitation>
); sternite 8 trough-like, with weak basal bulge, not narrowed apically, apical third with longitudinal ridges extended across sternite including medial margin, apex emarginate (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0FFFFB55A12A8AFCCD5F0D" box="[726,823,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 133 – 141" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1156,1179]" captionTargetBox="[173,1424,196,1096]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1436,193,1135]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 133 – 141. Female sternite 8 of Nearctic Parathalassius, ventral view. 133. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 134. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 135. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 136. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 137. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 138. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 139. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 140. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 141. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858424/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 138</figureCitation>
); sternite 9 unsclerotized and indistinct; tergite 10 with hemitergites subtriangular and short, each with 2 acanthophorite spines; cercus short, pointed apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D0FFFFB57B02932FEEB5FB2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0FFFFB57B02932FEEB5FB2" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB57B02932FD6B5F75" bold="true" box="[199,657,583,608]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution and seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D0FFFFB55ED2932FC445F75" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[666,958,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformus">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB55ED2932FC445F75" box="[666,958,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Parathalassius uniformus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known only from the coastal dunes at Surf Beach, Santa Barbara County,
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D0FFFFB55E62919FCF95F90" box="[657,771,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">California</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0FFFFB54642919FC8C5F90" box="[787,886,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 152 – 153" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1234,1257]" captionTargetBox="[366,1213,201,1203]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[365,1221,193,1213]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 152 – 153. Known geographical distributions of Nearctic Parathalassius. 152. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 153. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858432/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 152</figureCitation>
). Adults have been collected from early April to early June.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D0FFFFB57B029C1FA915FD8" box="[199,1387,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0FFFFB57B029C1FA915FD8" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,789]" box="[199,1387,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB57B029C1FEB45FD8" bold="true" box="[199,334,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name refers to the uniform length of the ommatrichia on the male eyes (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0FFFFB527D29C1FAA55FD8" box="[1290,1375,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 37" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,195,1754]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 37. Heads of Nearctic Parathalassius. 29 – 30. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male, anterior and lateral views. 31 – 32. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female, anterior and lateral views. 33. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male, anterior view. 34. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male, anterior view. 35. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male, anterior view. 36. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male, anterior view. 37. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., female, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858390/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D0FFFFB57B029A2FED45E01" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D0FFFFB57B029A2FED45E01" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB57B029A2FEC15FE5" bold="true" box="[199,315,727,752]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
Adults were frequently found on open sand between patches of beach bur (
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D0FFFFB53E129A2FA695FE5" box="[1174,1427,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamissonis">
<emphasis id="B934EA988D0FFFFB53E129A2FA695FE5" box="[1174,1427,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ambrosia chamissonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0FFFFB57E82989FF0F5E01" box="[159,245,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1678,1701]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,211,1630]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,211,1630]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. Parathalassius habitus photographs. 5. Male of Parathalassius blasigii Mik resting on sand at Parque Natural do Litoral Norte, Portugal. 6. Female of Parathalassius blasigii Mik resting on sand at Parque Natural do Litoral Norte, Portugal. 7. Male of Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., resting on sand at Oso Flaco Dunes, California. 8 – 9. Male of Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., resting on Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene (beach bur) at Surf Beach, California. 10. Male and female mating pair of Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., on sand at Surf Beach, California. Photographs by Rui Andrade (Figs 5 – 6), and Alice Abela (Figs 7 – 10)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858382/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D0FFFFB56762989FEDA5E01" box="[257,288,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,238,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,219,1675]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 22. Collection localities and habitats of Nearctic Parathalassius. 17 – 18. Morro Bay, California. 19. Surf Beach, California. 20. Surf Beach, California, with biologist and photographer Alice Abela collecting Parathalassius from a patch of beach bur, Ambrosia chamissonis (Less.) Greene. 21. Crystal Cove State Park, California. 22. Crystal Cove State Park, California, vegetation at back of beach." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858386/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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