283 lines
31 KiB
XML
283 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="D940CBE73BF2D09B7227FF43B7C6860F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170452" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21634ba0-b51f-4639-8f94-24e2792c86f3" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170452" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459748613913" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gershwin, Lisa-Ann" docDate="2005" docId="03E9878BAC5B347FFE95CEE4D1ADFE48" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01084p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1084" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Malo Gershwin, 2005, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFD0FFF3AC533474FF9DC858D53DFFE6" masterDocTitle="Two new species of jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida) from tropical Western Australia, presumed to cause Irukandji Syndrome" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698211122307" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6AB3EEC5E3DDA3D77F6612C134787676">Two new species of jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida) from tropical Western Australia, presumed to cause Irukandji Syndrome</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="17AC7EF009E071F0F24165AF83E85942">Gershwin, Lisa-Ann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0A521692E3E354F6A9D1D6C9319C66CB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BCF06EB6A34D8CB241DC956ED600B305">
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<mods:date id="EE3B04186C1F75C9F72ED648F29ABFC2">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D74AD3DA633534D477C3DE17F38689DE">1084</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9FC90C6E954F98CADD88DD6B3F200F47" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.170452</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E9878BAC5B347FFE95CEE4D1ADFE48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6269007" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119337117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6269007" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:524DE90B-80D2-48DD-A66B-FD7FB982CC4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BAC5B347FFE95CEE4D1ADFE48" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C35A6516AC5B347CFE95CEE4D480F930" box="[264,445,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5B347CFE95CEE4D480F930" blockId="8.[264,445,1724,1750]" box="[264,445,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0B781F1AC5B347CFE95CEE4D480F930" bold="true" box="[264,445,1724,1750]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5B347CFE95CEE4D480F930" bold="true" box="[264,445,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5B347CFE95CEE4D47AF930" box="[264,327,1724,1750]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5B347CFE95CEE4D47AF930" bold="true" box="[264,327,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757F4AC5B347CFED2CEE4D480F930" box="[335,445,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6516AC5B347FFE95CF5FD1ADFE48" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5B347CFE95CF5FD4A3F8C7" blockId="8.[264,772,1799,1865]" box="[264,414,1799,1825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="54FB883FAC5B347CFE95CF5FD47FF8C7" box="[264,322,1799,1825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5B347CFEA5CF77D639F8AF" blockId="8.[264,772,1799,1865]" box="[312,772,1839,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5B347CFEA5CF77D4E7F8AE" box="[312,474,1839,1864]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maxima" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5B347CFEA5CF77D4E7F8AE" box="[312,474,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malo maxima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757F4AC5B347CFE7CCF77D71CF8AF" box="[481,545,1839,1865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, designated herein.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5A347DFE95C944D440FED0" blockId="9.[264,1322,284,510]" box="[264,381,284,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5A347DFEA5C91CD644FE18" blockId="9.[264,1322,284,510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFEA5C91CD4F1FEB8" box="[312,460,324,350]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Carybdeidae</taxonomicName>
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without gastric phacellae; with frownshaped rhopaliar niche ostia; with rhopaliar horns; with two median eyes only, lacking lateral eye spots; with fine, cylindrical, unmodified tentacles; with one stomach pouch extension branching into about 45 simple to bifurcated velarial canals per octant; with moderately developed perradial mesenteries; pedalial canals lacking prominent thorn.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5A347DFE95CA6CD4B7FDA8" blockId="9.[264,1322,564,790]" box="[264,394,564,590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5A347DFEA5CA04D7A4FCF0" blockId="9.[264,1322,564,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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The genus name honours Mark Longhurst, who recently survived a particularly severe sting, presumed to be from this species. The first two letters of his first and last name were taken to compose the genus name. It is also an interesting coincidence that the word “
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFE8ECA8CD46FFD08" box="[275,338,724,750]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">malo</taxonomicName>
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” is Spanish for “bad”, as this species is presumed to be capable of lethal envenomation. Gender masculine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5A347DFE95CB14D44DFC80" blockId="9.[264,1323,844,1870]" box="[264,368,844,870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5A347DFEA5CB2CD480FB10" blockId="9.[264,1323,844,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFE58CB2CD73FFC6B" box="[453,514,884,909]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFE58CB2CD73FFC6B" box="[453,514,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is most similar morphologically to
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFC51CB2CD110FC6B" box="[972,1069,884,909]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFC51CB2CD110FC6B" box="[972,1069,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carukia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the soontobedescribed “Darwin carybdeid” (Gershwin and Alderslade in review) as summarized in
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<tableCitation id="C6C20326AC5A347DFE95CB9CD45EFC38" box="[264,355,964,990]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,352,563,587]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of main diagnostic characters in the genera and natural groups of the Carybdeida. Carybdea A includes C. marsupialis, C. xaymacana, and C. rastonii. Carybdea B includes those species previously associated with C. alata. Carybdea C includes C. sivickisi." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 1</tableCitation>
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. All three groups lack gastric phacellae, and have frownshaped rhopalial niche ostia, rows of nematocyst warts on the perradial lappets, well developed perradial mesenteries, conspicuous rhopalial horns, and warty bells. These characters are also shared by all other known or suspected Irukandjis (Gershwin, unpublished), except for those in the
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFE01CC3CD768FB9B" box="[412,597,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFE01CC3CD732FB9B" box="[412,527,1124,1149]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Carybdea</taxonomicName>
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alata
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</emphasis>
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group and
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFD42CC3CD67BFB9B" box="[735,838,1124,1149]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Physaliidae" genus="Physalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFD42CC3CD67BFB9B" box="[735,838,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Physalia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B6CAC5A347DFCCBCC3CD109FB98" author="Fenner" box="[854,1076,1124,1150]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" refString="Fenner, P. J., Williamson, J. A., Burnett, J. W. & Rifkin, J. (1993) First aid treatment of jellyfish stings in Australia: response to a newly differentiated species. Medical Journal of Australia, 158, 498 - 501." type="journal article" year="1993">Fenner et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
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; Gershwin in press). Therefore, the majority of known and suspected Irukandjis appear to form a natural group, and this information can be used predictively to evaluate the risk factors associated with untested forms.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC5A347EFEA5CD5CD105FE18" blockId="9.[264,1323,844,1870]" lastBlockId="10.[264,1324,284,510]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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While
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFE1ACD5CD70EFAFB" box="[391,563,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFE1ACD5CD4F5FAFB" box="[391,456,1284,1309]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Malo</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFE4ECD5CD70EFAFB" box="[467,563,1284,1309]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Carukia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and the “Darwin carybdeid” cluster together morphologically as described above and in
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<tableCitation id="C6C20326AC5A347DFDBFCD74D747FAA0" box="[546,634,1324,1350]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[264,352,563,587]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of main diagnostic characters in the genera and natural groups of the Carybdeida. Carybdea A includes C. marsupialis, C. xaymacana, and C. rastonii. Carybdea B includes those species previously associated with C. alata. Carybdea C includes C. sivickisi." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 1</tableCitation>
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(and genetically, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B6CAC5A347DFCE1CD74D107FAA0" author="Gershwin" box="[892,1082,1324,1350]" pageId="9" pageNumber="28" refString="Gershwin, L. (2005). Taxonomy and phylogeny of Australian Cubozoa. (James Cook University: Townsville, Queensland). PhD thesis. 221 pp., 49 plates." type="book" year="2005">Gershwin, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) to the exclusion of other genera, many differences nonetheless exist to separate these forms from one another. First, the tentacle bands of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFDC7CD24D787FA73" box="[602,698,1404,1429]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFDC7CD24D787FA73" box="[602,698,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carukia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are peculiarly modified into collarlike bands with tails, whereas no such modifications occur on the tentacles of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFBBFCDFCD162FA5B" box="[1058,1119,1444,1469]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFBBFCDFCD162FA5B" box="[1058,1119,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or the “Darwin carybdeid.” Second, the rhopalial horns are short, wide, and crescentshaped in
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFB27CD94D1CAFA03" box="[1210,1271,1484,1509]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFB27CD94D1CAFA03" box="[1210,1271,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the “Darwin carybdeid,” and long and narrow in
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFCD2CDACD692F9EB" box="[847,943,1524,1549]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFCD2CDACD692F9EB" box="[847,943,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carukia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Third, the “Darwin carybdeid” has large, round pedalia, with a conspicuous thornlike diverticulum projecting upward from the bend of each canal;
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFDEBCE1CD789F9BB" box="[630,692,1604,1629]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFDEBCE1CD789F9BB" box="[630,692,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFD68CE1CD668F9BB" box="[757,853,1604,1629]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFD68CE1CD668F9BB" box="[757,853,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carukia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have narrower pedalia, with either no thorn at all, or it is so small as to be of debatable existence. Fourth, the nematocyst warts of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFEB5CECCD4B5F94B" box="[296,392,1684,1709]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFEB5CECCD4B5F94B" box="[296,392,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carukia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are marked by bright red pigment, whereas the warts of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFBBECECCD15CF94B" box="[1059,1121,1684,1709]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFBBECECCD15CF94B" box="[1059,1121,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the “Darwin carybdeid” are pale purple. Fifth, the overall body shape of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFC46CEE4D106F933" box="[987,1083,1724,1749]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFC46CEE4D106F933" box="[987,1083,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carukia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is that of a delicate blunt, rounded pyramid, whereas the bell of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFC86CEBCD665F91B" box="[795,856,1764,1789]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFC86CEBCD665F91B" box="[795,856,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is tall, narrow, and robust; the body of the “Darwin carybdeid” is even more robust, and less narrow. Sixth, the rhopalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFB71CF54D017F8C3" box="[1260,1322,1804,1829]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFB71CF54D017F8C3" box="[1260,1322,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only the two median complex eyes, lacking lateral eye spots, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC5A347DFB07CF6CD1C6F8AB" box="[1178,1275,1844,1869]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC5A347DFB07CF6CD1C6F8AB" box="[1178,1275,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Carukia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the full complement of six eyes; the eyes of the “Darwin carybdeid” are known to have the two median complex eyes, but whether they have the lateral eye spots is unknown. Seventh,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFEE1C934D484FE63" box="[380,441,364,389]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFEE1C934D484FE63" box="[380,441,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has nematocyst patches on the outer keel of the pedalia, whereas the pedalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFE13C9CCD4D3FE4B" box="[398,494,404,429]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFE13C9CCD4D3FE4B" box="[398,494,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carukia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the “Darwin carybdeid” are naked. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFBD0C9CCD190FE4B" box="[1101,1197,404,429]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFBD0C9CCD190FE4B" box="[1101,1197,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carukia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches a maximum of only about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B78AC59347EFDB7C9E4D748FE30" box="[554,629,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="15.0">15mm</quantity>
|
||
BH (more typically about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B78AC59347EFC2DC9E4D6C3FE30" box="[944,1022,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="11.0">11mm</quantity>
|
||
), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFBE6C9E4D185FE33" box="[1147,1208,444,469]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFBE6C9E4D185FE33" box="[1147,1208,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to attain
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B78AC59347EFEF3C9BCD487FE18" box="[366,442,484,510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="48.0">48mm</quantity>
|
||
and the “Darwin carybdeid” reaches well over
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B78AC59347EFC7BC9BCD108FE18" box="[998,1077,484,510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="60.0">60mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6615AC59347EFE95CA6BD1DEFD71" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC59347EFE95CA6BD1DEFD71" blockId="10.[264,1324,563,664]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFE95CA6BD4BDFDAD" bold="true" box="[264,384,563,587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of main diagnostic characters in the genera and natural groups of the Carybdeida.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFE09CA02D4C0FD97" box="[404,509,602,625]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFE09CA02D4C0FD97" box="[404,509,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFD16CA02D611FD97" box="[651,812,602,625]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="marsupialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFD16CA02D611FD97" box="[651,812,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. marsupialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFCA0CA02D6E7FD97" box="[829,986,602,625]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="xaymacana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFCA0CA02D6E7FD97" box="[829,986,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. xaymacana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFB80CA02D1AEFD97" box="[1053,1171,602,625]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rastonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFB80CA02D1AEFD97" box="[1053,1171,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. rastonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFB38CA02D033FD97" box="[1189,1294,602,625]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFB38CA02D033FD97" box="[1189,1294,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B includes those species previously associated with
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFC81CAD9D64CFD7E" box="[796,881,641,664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. alata</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFCE2CAD9D6D5FD7E" box="[895,1000,641,664]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFCE2CAD9D6D5FD7E" box="[895,1000,641,664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFBFACAD9D1E1FD7E" box="[1127,1244,641,664]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sivickisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFBFACAD9D1E1FD7E" box="[1127,1244,641,664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. sivickisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC59347EFE28CA9BD6F5FD15" blockId="10.[267,1319,707,892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phacellae Rhopalial Rhopalial Pedalial Velarial Perradial Mesenteries Gonads Other niche ostia horns canal canals lappets</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC59347EFCAECAA5D673FCF6" blockId="10.[267,1319,707,892]" box="[819,846,765,784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">per</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC59347EFCAECB42D655FCCB" blockId="10.[267,1319,707,892]" box="[819,872,794,813]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">octant</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC59347EFE96CB14D1CFFAF6" blockId="10.[267,1319,707,892]" lastBlockId="10.[267,1306,1277,1354]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFE96CB14D4CCFCB9" authority="Absent" authorityName="Absent" box="[267,497,844,863]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFE96CB14D46CFCB8" box="[267,337,844,862]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carukia</emphasis>
|
||
Absent
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Frown Long & Simple 2, simple Lacking Well devel Leaflike Modified tenshaped narrow warts oped ½ way tacle bands Darwin carybdeid Absent Frown Short & Thorn 710, Ca 5 warts Well devel Leaflike Greatly
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC59347EFE96CBC4D1E4FB38" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<table id="F940C43DAC59CB8BFE96CBC4D015FB38" box="[267,1320,924,1246]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<tr id="357034DFAC59CB8BFE96CBC4D015FC0F" box="[267,1320,924,1001]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFE96CBC4D44EFC0F" box="[267,371,924,1001]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFE96CBC4D462FC48" box="[267,351,924,942]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFE96CBC4D462FC48" box="[267,351,924,942]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFE28CBC4D781FC0F" box="[437,700,924,1001]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bushlike, Heart Absent with short shaped cirri</th>
|
||
<th id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFD7CCBC4D6F4FC0F" box="[737,969,924,1001]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Knee 2, Absent biforked complex</th>
|
||
<th id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFC71CBC4D015FC0F" box="[1004,1320,924,1001]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Present, but Leaflike Pedalial nempoorly atocysts developed</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034DFAC59CB8BFE96CC50D015FB97" box="[267,1320,1032,1137]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFE96CC50D44EFB97" box="[267,371,1032,1137]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFE96CC50D462FBFC" box="[267,351,1032,1050]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFE96CC50D462FBFC" box="[267,351,1032,1050]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFE28CC50D781FB97" box="[437,700,1032,1137]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Crescen Tshaped Absent tic, with parallel cirri</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFD7CCC50D6F4FB97" box="[737,969,1032,1137]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Variable 3, sim Absent ple com plex</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFC71CC50D015FB97" box="[1004,1320,1032,1137]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Absent Leaflike Hemispherical pedalia</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="357034DFAC59CB8BFE96CCC9D015FB38" box="[267,1320,1169,1246]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFE96CCC9D44EFB38" box="[267,371,1169,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC59347EFE96CCC9D462FB45" box="[267,351,1169,1187]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Carybdea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC59347EFE96CCC9D462FB45" box="[267,351,1169,1187]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Carybdea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFE28CCC9D781FB38" box="[437,700,1169,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bushlike, Vertical Absent with short keyhole cirri</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFD7CCCC9D6F4FB38" box="[737,969,1169,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Simple 2, paw Absent like</td>
|
||
<td id="76A15DA3AC59CB8BFC71CCC9D015FB38" box="[1004,1320,1169,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Present Leaflike Exumbrellar halfway adhesive pads</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF369DAC59347FFD81CD42D1ADFE48" blockId="10.[267,1306,1277,1354]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1324,284,430]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
shaped broad complex oped ½ way flared tentacle base The western Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC58347FFDABC944D680FED0" authority="Muller, 1859" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1859" box="[566,957,284,310]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Tamoya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="haplonema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC58347FFDABC944D626FED3" box="[566,795,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tamoya haplonema</emphasis>
|
||
Müller, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, appears to be the most similar described species to the
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC58347FFDA7C91CD7DCFEBB" box="[570,737,324,350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC58347FFDA7C91CD745FEBB" box="[570,632,324,349]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Malo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Malo</taxonomicName>
|
||
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC58347FFD1CC91CD7DCFEBB" box="[641,737,324,349]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Carukia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Carukia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Darwin Carybdeid group. All share the frownshaped rhopalial niche ostium; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D1EAC58347FFC96C934D659FE63" box="[779,868,364,389]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tamoyidae" genus="Tamoya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA8FAC58347FFC96C934D659FE63" box="[779,868,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tamoya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has gastric phacellae and lacks the perradial lappets and the rhopaliar horns that, in part, characterize this group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |