277 lines
32 KiB
XML
277 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="045FAB55512EE14C679C0A16F4F2E458" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4169.3.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4169.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c0bf858-c899-45a8-824d-d6c9252185ea" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="267918" ID-ZooBank="317C18E8-BC46-4984-9EF5-0F30BF5376B9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1474438463885" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Erlacher, Sven & Erlacher, Josepha" docDate="2016" docId="03CC87BEFFD7FFF1FF05D52AFD5852BE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4169.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4169 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gnophopsodos Wehrli 1945" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="439" masterDocId="FFF5FFC6FFD4FFF5FF92D27FFF915550" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of the genus Gnophopsodos Wehrli, 1945, with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="435" pageNumber="438" updateTime="1698386491864" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C31584C1961C69D02C533741271622CD">A systematic revision of the genus Gnophopsodos Wehrli, 1945, with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ED491C04CEB492969926BA8F947EDACB">Erlacher, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4A6AFFCB924EE18B5E053B030817CA16">Erlacher, Josepha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D2B546C5B095A03ED1519E1DD7D2F57C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FED18552F6656AE7248D5C5250B4DB48">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CC87BEFFD7FFF1FF05D52AFD5852BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5696930" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124552466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5696930" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC87BEFFD7FFF1FF05D52AFD5852BE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC87BEFFD7FFF1FF05D52AFD5852BE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
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<subSubSection id="C37F6523FFD7FFF6FF05D52AFDD9523F" box="[151,584,1877,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD7FFF6FF05D52AFDD9523F" blockId="3.[151,584,1877,1903]" box="[151,584,1877,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
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<heading id="D09281C4FFD7FFF6FF05D52AFDD9523F" bold="true" box="[151,584,1877,1903]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD7FFF6FF05D52AFDD9523F" bold="true" box="[151,584,1877,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD7FFF6FF7CD52AFDD9523F" ID-CoL="929QY" authority="Wehrli, 1945" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1945" box="[238,584,1877,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD7FFF6FF7CD52AFE30523F" bold="true" box="[238,417,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B59FFD7FFF6FE3AD52AFDD9523F" author="Wehrli" box="[424,584,1877,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" refString="Wehrli, E. (1945) Neue Gattungen, Untergattungen, Arten und Rassen. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 19, 334 - 338." type="journal article" year="1945">Wehrli, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6523FFD7FFF6FF05D5E3FA8E52BF" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD7FFF6FF05D5E3FE7F5280" blockId="3.[151,1436,1948,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD7FFF6FF05D5E3FE2B52E2" ID-CoL="929QY" authority="Wehrli, 1945" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,442,1948,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD7FFF6FF05D5E3FEBE52E1" box="[151,303,1948,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B59FFD7FFF6FEA6D5E3FE2B52E2" author="Wehrli" box="[308,442,1948,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" refString="Wehrli, E. (1945) Neue Gattungen, Untergattungen, Arten und Rassen. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 19, 334 - 338." type="journal article" year="1945">Wehrli, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD7FFF6FE51D5E3FBDC52E1" box="[451,1101,1948,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft</emphasis>
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, 19: 334.—Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD7FFF6FAC1D5E3FE7B5280" ID-CoL="985PG" authority="Oberthur, 1893" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psodos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gnophosaria">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD7FFF6FAC1D5E3FED65280" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Psodos gnophosaria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B59FFD7FFF6FEDFD5C5FE7B5280" author="Oberthur" box="[333,490,1978,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" refString="Oberthur, Ch. (1893) Lepidopteres d' Asie. Etudes d' Entomologie, 18, 11 - 45." type="journal article" year="1893">Oberthür, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD7FFF6FF05D5A6FA8E52BF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1948,2031]" box="[151,1311,2009,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD7FFF6FF05D5A6FE2352BF" ID-CoL="94MJP" authority="Wehrli, 1951" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,434,2009,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chelegnophos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD7FFF6FF05D5A6FEB952BE" box="[151,296,2009,2030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Chelegnophos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B59FFD7FFF6FEBCD5A6FE2352BF" author="Wehrli" box="[302,434,2009,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" refString="Wehrli, E. (1951) Une nouvelle classification du genre Gnophos Tr. Lambillionea, 51, 6 - 37." type="journal article" year="1951">Wehrli, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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syn. nov.,
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD7FFF6FD8DD5A6FD3752BE" box="[543,678,2009,2030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Lambillionea</emphasis>
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, 51: 27.—Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD7FFF6FC31D5A6FA8A52BF" ID-CoL="3GNMR" authority="Wehrli, 1922" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1922" box="[931,1307,2009,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ravistriolaria">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD7FFF6FC31D5A6FB1F52BE" box="[931,1166,2009,2030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Gnophos ravistriolaria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B59FFD7FFF6FB06D5A6FA8A52BF" author="Wehrli" box="[1172,1307,2009,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" refString="Wehrli, E. (1922) Uber neue schweizerische und zentralasiatische Gnophos - Arten und mikroskopische Bearbeitung einzelner Gruppen der Gattung. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 36, 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1922">Wehrli, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6523FFD0FFF1FF05D2E8FB1C5172" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF05D2E8FD9E544C" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF05D2E8FEB855E0" bold="true" box="[151,297,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Description.</emphasis>
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Medium sized moth species with a range of colors from whitish-gray or cream to dark brownish-gray; wing pattern with medial lines and discal spot often distinct; hindwing termen in most species slightly curved; wing venation variable within the group, R2 either freely arising from the discoidal cell (
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<figureCitation id="135E2A2DFFD0FFF1FBD5D2A0FB1855A8" box="[1095,1161,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,725,747]" captionTargetBox="[262,1322,340,700]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[257,1329,337,704]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Types of wing venation patterns in Gnophopsodos. a) — G. stemmataria: R 2 freely arising from the discoidal cell and b) — G. ravistriolaria: R 2 pediculate with R 3 – 5. Arrows pointing at the roots of veins arising from the discoidal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267921/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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a) or R2 pediculate with R3–5 (
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<figureCitation id="135E2A2DFFD0FFF1FF71D37BFEB5544D" box="[227,292,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,725,747]" captionTargetBox="[262,1322,340,700]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[257,1329,337,704]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Types of wing venation patterns in Gnophopsodos. a) — G. stemmataria: R 2 freely arising from the discoidal cell and b) — G. ravistriolaria: R 2 pediculate with R 3 – 5. Arrows pointing at the roots of veins arising from the discoidal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267921/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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b) (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B59FFD0FFF1FEE5D37BFD93544C" author="Sauter" box="[375,514,260,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" refString="Sauter, W. (1990) Zur Systematik der Gnophos - Gruppe (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Nota lepidopterologica, 12, 328 - 343." type="journal article" year="1990">Sauter 1990</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1A6620FFD0FFF1FF05D0AAFACA565A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267921/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" targetBox="[262,1322,340,700]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF05D0AAFACA565A" blockId="4.[151,1435,725,778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF05D0AAFE8257BB" bold="true" box="[151,275,725,747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Types of wing venation patterns in
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FD14D0AAFCB457BA" box="[646,805,725,746]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FD14D0AAFCB057BA" box="[646,801,725,746]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gnophopsodos</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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a)—
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FCCAD0A9FC6557BB" box="[856,1012,726,747]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stemmataria">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FCCAD0A9FC6557BB" box="[856,1012,726,747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">G. stemmataria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: R2 freely arising from the discoidal cell and b)—
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FF62D08BFE055659" box="[240,404,756,777]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ravistriolaria">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF62D08BFE055659" box="[240,404,756,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">G. ravistriolaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: R2 pediculate with R3–5. Arrows pointing at the roots of veins arising from the discoidal cell.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D14EFBEA568A" blockId="4.[151,1437,817,1094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
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Male genitalia. Bifurcate aedeagus, with appendix aedeagi being variable in form and length; uncus and gnathos strongly sclerotized, both terminating in a peak or hook-like structure; costal thorns developed (with exception of
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FEBDD105FE5356C1" box="[303,450,889,913]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tholeraria">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FEBDD105FE5356C1" box="[303,450,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">G. tholeraria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) occasionally pooled to a subterminal cactus-like structure; valvae with more or less distinct lobe-like widening; juxta variable, mostly undivided and ventrally broadened (with exception of
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FA16D1E1FEB45689" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psodos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gnophosaria">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FA16D1E1FEB45689" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">G. gnophosaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FEC9D1BDFD815689" box="[347,528,961,985]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ravistriolaria">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FEC9D1BDFD815689" box="[347,528,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">G. ravistriolaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) with paired dorsal appendices, always without thorns.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D19AFB1C5172" blockId="4.[151,1437,817,1094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Female genitalia. Bursa copulatrix remarkable hyaline, without signum or sclerotizations. Antrum compact, cylindrical or oval-shaped, strongly sclerotized, ostium funnel-like with or without bulges.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37F6523FFD0FFF1FF55D652FD00536E" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D652FAD85115" blockId="4.[151,1437,817,1094]" box="[199,1353,1069,1094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF55D652FED05116" bold="true" box="[199,321,1069,1094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FE51D652FDFA5115" box="[451,619,1069,1093]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FE51D652FDFA5115" box="[451,619,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterised by the following autapomorphic character states:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF05D609FE3151DE" blockId="4.[151,1262,1141,1274]" box="[151,416,1141,1166]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">- Aedeagus bifurcate</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF05D6E5FD0A51E2" blockId="4.[151,1262,1141,1274]" box="[151,667,1177,1202]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">- Valvae with more or less distinct valvulae</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF05D6C1FB7F51AA" blockId="4.[151,1262,1141,1274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">- Bursa copulatrix hyaline, membranous, without signum or sclerotizations - Antrum compact, strongly sclerotized, cylindrical, medially domed, area around ostium curved</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D755FF7E50A5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1321,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
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On appearance, moths of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FE75D756FD1E5011" box="[487,655,1321,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FE75D756FD1E5011" box="[487,655,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are externally similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FB99D756FBE15011" box="[1035,1136,1321,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FB99D756FBE15011" box="[1035,1136,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FB35D756FA9D5011" box="[1191,1292,1321,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FB35D756FA9D5011" box="[1191,1292,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FE82D732FE295035" box="[272,440,1357,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FE82D732FE295035" box="[272,440,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may possibly be identified by a cuspidate, i.e. well developed acute-angled postmedial line (except
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FEB0D70DFC8C50D9" box="[290,797,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FEB0D70DFE7550D9" box="[290,484,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="badakhshanus">G. badakhshanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FE62D70DFD3150D9" box="[496,672,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psodos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gnophosaria">G. gnophosaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FD39D70DFC8C50D9" box="[683,797,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hilmari" status="sp. nov.">G. hilmari</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22257C1FFD0FFF1FCB6D70DFC0650D9" box="[804,919,1394,1417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FC40D70DFB1950D9" box="[978,1160,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ravistriolaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FC40D70DFB1950D9" box="[978,1160,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">G. ravistriolaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which is more rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FF24D7EAFE8A50FD" box="[182,283,1429,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF24D7EAFE8A50FD" box="[182,283,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FEC4D7EAFE2A50FD" box="[342,443,1429,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FEC4D7EAFE2A50FD" box="[342,443,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(except subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FD03D7EAFC7550FE" authority="Wehrli, 1951" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1951" box="[657,996,1429,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Kemtrognophos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FD03D7EAFCD250FD" box="[657,835,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Kemtrognophos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF44B59FFD0FFF1FCDED7EAFC7550FE" author="Wehrli" box="[844,996,1429,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" refString="Wehrli, E. (1951) Une nouvelle classification du genre Gnophos Tr. Lambillionea, 51, 6 - 37." type="journal article" year="1951">Wehrli, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). One species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FB01D7E9FAD050FD" box="[1171,1345,1429,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psodos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gnophosaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FB01D7E9FAD050FD" box="[1171,1345,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">G. gnophosaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, can be confused with some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FE1ED7C6FE4C5081" box="[396,477,1465,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psodos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FE1ED7C6FE4C5081" box="[396,477,1465,1489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Psodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but possesses a yellowish-white underside of wings, which is more brownish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FF05D7A2FF7950A5" box="[151,232,1501,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psodos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF05D7A2FF7950A5" box="[151,232,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Psodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D47EFD00536E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1321,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
|
||
Unlike of external characters, the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FD24D47EFCCF5349" box="[694,862,1537,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FD24D47EFCCF5349" box="[694,862,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can clearly be recognized by their unique male and female genitalia (see list of autapomorphies).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6523FFD0FFF1FF55D436FC2E539E" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D436FADF53F9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1321,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF55D436FEF15332" bold="true" box="[199,352,1609,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FE74D436FD1F5331" box="[486,654,1609,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FE74D436FD1F5331" box="[486,654,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises species occurring across central Asia with a west-to-eastextension from the eastern parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727638FFD0FFF1FDB5D412FD2153D6" box="[551,688,1645,1670]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
to central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3727638FFD0FFF1FCB8D412FCE053D6" box="[810,881,1645,1670]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In the North, species were sporadically found in mountains of southern Siberia. Species of this genus are mainly montane and live up to altitudes of
|
||
<quantity id="4C9D9B4DFFD0FFF1FB60D4EDFADB53F9" box="[1266,1354,1682,1706]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" unit="m" value="4300.0">4300 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D4CAFC2E539E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1321,2030]" box="[199,959,1717,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
|
||
Distribution of the species are mapped in
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A2DFFD0FFF1FD08D4CAFD4E539E" box="[666,735,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,725,747]" captionTargetBox="[262,1322,340,700]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[257,1329,337,704]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Types of wing venation patterns in Gnophopsodos. a) — G. stemmataria: R 2 freely arising from the discoidal cell and b) — G. ravistriolaria: R 2 pediculate with R 3 – 5. Arrows pointing at the roots of veins arising from the discoidal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267921/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A2DFFD0FFF1FC84D4C9FCB7539E" box="[790,806,1718,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox="[242,1344,1015,1967]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[242,1344,1015,1967]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Gnophopsodos species: G. badakhshanus, G. fractifasciaria, G. gnophosaria, G. ravistriolaria ravistriolaria, and G. ravistriolaria pantherinus subspec. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267922/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">4</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6523FFD0FFF1FF55D4A6FC8753A2" box="[199,790,1753,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D4A6FC8753A2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1321,2030]" box="[199,790,1753,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF55D4A6FEB653A2" bold="true" box="[199,295,1753,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval stages and food plants are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37F6523FFD0FFF1FF55D482FD5852BE" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D482FE96520E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1321,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF55D482FEAA5246" bold="true" box="[199,315,1789,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
DNA barcoding analyses with BOLD (http://www.boldsystems.org) strengthen the assumption that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FF05D55EFEAE5269" box="[151,319,1825,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FF05D55EFEAE5269" box="[151,319,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a genus related with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FDC6D55EFD285269" box="[596,697,1825,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FDC6D55EFD285269" box="[596,697,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nevertheless, the systematic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FB00D55EFAAB5269" box="[1170,1338,1825,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FB00D55EFAAB5269" box="[1170,1338,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains uncertain.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D515FF3D52F6" blockId="4.[151,1436,1321,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
|
||
A Neighbor joining tree for all analyzed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FC91D516FC3A52D1" box="[771,939,1897,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FC91D516FC3A52D1" box="[771,939,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on DNA barcoding is depicted in
|
||
<figureCitation id="135E2A2DFFD0FFF1FAFDD516FF3952F6" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1484,1506]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,206,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,195,1462]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. Neighbor joining tree for all analyzed species of Gnophopsodos on the basis of DNA barcoding (Kimura 2 - parameter distance model for COI- 5 P marker) with Gnophos furvata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) as outgroup. Terminal branches provided with species name, barcode id., barcode length, origin, and BIN number from BOLD." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267924/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDA36A8FFD0FFF1FF55D5CEFD5852BE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1321,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
|
||
Genetic distances to the nearest neighbor of four examined species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C654D2BFFD0FFF1FBDFD5CEFB645299" box="[1101,1269,1969,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B911EABAFFD0FFF1FBDFD5CEFB645299" box="[1101,1269,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resulting from an analysis of DNA barcodes are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E70313FFD0FFF1FDEED5AAFD5852BE" box="[636,713,2005,2030]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1328,266,417]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Genetic distances (minimum pairwise distances, Kimura 2 parameter) to the nearest neighbor of four examined species of the genus Gnophopsodos resulting from an analysis of full-length barcode fragments (COI 5 ’, 658 bp)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A6620FFD1FFF0FF05D2E7FF5055BF" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" tableUuid="DF1A6620FFD1FFF0FF05D2E7FF5055BF">Tab. 1.</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |