treatments-xml/data/03/CA/12/03CA1219FFFB9E71FEB7FCABF35319F5.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.051.0102" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7911071" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683578878403" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wesener, Thomas, Bespalova, Ioulia &amp; Sierwald, Petra" docDate="2010" docId="03CA1219FFFB9E71FEB7FCABF35319F5" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.51.1.133-161.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 51 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.051.0102" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0201127D758FBEB889983D376DC13FCB.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="0201127D758FBEB889983D376DC13FCB" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Zoosphaerium bambusoides Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="144" masterDocId="FFF36A61FFF39E7DFFFEFFDBF0581B4A" masterDocTitle="Madagascar’s living giants: discovery of five new species of endemic giant pill-millipedes from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae: Zoosphaerium)" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1683605769834" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Madagascar’s living giants: discovery of five new species of endemic giant pill-millipedes from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae: Zoosphaerium)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bespalova, Ioulia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Sierwald, Petra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2010-05-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number>51</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA1219FFFB9E71FEB7FCABF35319F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA1219FFFB9E71FEB7FCABF35319F5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[181,1143,880,1671]" box="[329,994,880,906]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">
<heading box="[329,994,880,906]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" reason="2">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5D7GK" authority="Wesener &amp; Bespalova" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2010" box="[329,923,880,906]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusoides" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[329,666,880,905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Zoosphaerium bambusoides</emphasis>
Wesener &amp; Bespalova
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[934,994,881,906]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[181,1143,880,1671]" box="[582,741,921,946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">
<figureCitation box="[582,682,921,946]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[144,176,1529,1549]" captionStartId-1="10.[182,216,1575,1595]" captionStartId-2="11.[144,177,901,921]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetBox-1="[207,1107,891,1554]" captionTargetBox-2="[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetId-0="figure-118@9.[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetId-1="figure-300@10.[207,1107,891,1554]" captionTargetId-2="figure-295@11.[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="Fig. 6. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype: (A) habitus, lateral view; (B) coxa and prefemur of first right leg with first stigmatic plate, posterior view; (C) 9th left leg, posterior view; (D–F) left anterior telopod: (D) anterior view, (E) lateral view, (F) posterior view. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere or tergite. Abbreviations: c – collum (tergite 1), h – head, AS – anal shield, cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, Cx – coxa, Pre – prefemur, s-p – sclerotised spot, SR – stridulation ribs, St – stigmatic plate, th-s – thoracic shield (tergite 2). Scale bars: (A) = 10 mm, (B–F) = 1 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 7. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype, posterior telopods: (A) anterior view; (B) posterior view; (C) right posterior telopod, posterior view, detail. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere. Abbreviations: cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, IH – inner horns, IL – inner lobes. Scale bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 8. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype, left antenna, SEM: (A) lateral view, (B) apical view on disc." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911085" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911455" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911457" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7911085/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7911455/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7911457/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[694,741,921,946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[182,215,1061,1081]" captionTargetBox="[188,1134,203,1038]" captionTargetId="figure-244@24.[188,1134,203,1038]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 17. Endoterga of tergites 10, arrows point to cuticular impressions: (A) holotype of Zoosphaerium muscorum sp. n., (B) holotype of Z. bambusoides sp. n., (C) holotype of Z. tigrioculatum sp. n., (D) holotype of Z. darthvaderi sp. n., (E) holotype of Z. heleios sp. n.Abbreviations: ci – cuticular impressions, IA – inner area with spines and long setae, mr – marginal ridge, mb – marginal bristles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911109/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">17B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[181,1143,880,1671]" box="[181,966,961,986]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Etymology: The name refers to the bamboo-like colour of the species.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[181,1143,880,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">
Differential diagnosis:The posterior telopods (
<figureCitation box="[691,813,1001,1026]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[182,216,1575,1595]" captionTargetBox="[207,1107,891,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-300@10.[207,1107,891,1554]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype, posterior telopods: (A) anterior view; (B) posterior view; (C) right posterior telopod, posterior view, detail. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere. Abbreviations: cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, IH – inner horns, IL – inner lobes. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Figs 7A–C</figureCitation>
) clearly mark 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2010" box="[969,1141,1001,1026]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusoides">
<emphasis box="[969,1141,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Z. bambusoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a member of the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="De Saussure &amp; Zehntner" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[402,599,1033,1058]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquerelianum">
<emphasis box="[402,599,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Z. coquerelianum</emphasis>
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species-group. The body size, colour, and shape of the posterior telopods closely resemble those of 
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener, 2009" authorityName=": Wesener" authorityYear="2009" box="[751,1109,1065,1090]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdinum">
<emphasis box="[751,934,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Z. smaragdinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WESENER, T." box="[941,1109,1065,1090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref12130" refString="WESENER, T. 2009. Unexplored richness: discovery of 31 new species of giant pill-millipedes endemic to Madagascar, with a special emphasis on microendemism (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida). Zootaxa 2097: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="2009">Wesener, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2010" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Z. bambusoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the latter in the presence of up to 10 spines on the walking legs (
<figureCitation box="[240,326,1129,1154]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[144,176,1529,1549]" captionTargetBox="[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-118@9.[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype: (A) habitus, lateral view; (B) coxa and prefemur of first right leg with first stigmatic plate, posterior view; (C) 9th left leg, posterior view; (D–F) left anterior telopod: (D) anterior view, (E) lateral view, (F) posterior view. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere or tergite. Abbreviations: c – collum (tergite 1), h – head, AS – anal shield, cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, Cx – coxa, Pre – prefemur, s-p – sclerotised spot, SR – stridulation ribs, St – stigmatic plate, th-s – thoracic shield (tergite 2). Scale bars: (A) = 10 mm, (B–F) = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911085/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
), a tarsal spine on leg 3, 27–29 and sensory cones on the antenna (
<figureCitation box="[1041,1128,1129,1154]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[144,177,901,921]" captionTargetBox="[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetId="figure-295@11.[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 8. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype, left antenna, SEM: (A) lateral view, (B) apical view on disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911457/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
), the absence of sclerotised teeth on antennomere 4 (
<figureCitation box="[740,828,1161,1186]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[144,177,901,921]" captionTargetBox="[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetId="figure-295@11.[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 8. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype, left antenna, SEM: (A) lateral view, (B) apical view on disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911457/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
), longer marginal bristles on the endotergum (
<figureCitation box="[371,472,1193,1218]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[182,215,1061,1081]" captionTargetBox="[188,1134,203,1038]" captionTargetId="figure-244@24.[188,1134,203,1038]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 17. Endoterga of tergites 10, arrows point to cuticular impressions: (A) holotype of Zoosphaerium muscorum sp. n., (B) holotype of Z. bambusoides sp. n., (C) holotype of Z. tigrioculatum sp. n., (D) holotype of Z. darthvaderi sp. n., (E) holotype of Z. heleios sp. n.Abbreviations: ci – cuticular impressions, IA – inner area with spines and long setae, mr – marginal ridge, mb – marginal bristles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911109/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
), and the absence of a membranous lobe on the posterior telopods (
<figureCitation box="[271,360,1225,1250]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[182,216,1575,1595]" captionTargetBox="[207,1107,891,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-300@10.[207,1107,891,1554]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype, posterior telopods: (A) anterior view; (B) posterior view; (C) right posterior telopod, posterior view, detail. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere. Abbreviations: cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, IH – inner horns, IL – inner lobes. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[181,1143,880,1671]" box="[181,321,1265,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[181,1143,880,1671]" box="[181,247,1305,1330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis box="[181,247,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Male.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[181,1143,880,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis box="[181,317,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Body length</emphasis>
: 
<typeStatus box="[333,442,1342,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Holotype</typeStatus>
: length 
<quantity box="[532,635,1342,1367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" unit="mm" value="22.7">22.7 mm</quantity>
, width of thoracic shield 
<quantity box="[925,1028,1342,1367]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" unit="mm" value="12.4">12.4 mm</quantity>
, height of thoracic shield 
<quantity box="[353,442,1374,1399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="140" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[181,1143,880,1671]" box="[181,739,1414,1439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis box="[181,270,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Habitus</emphasis>
: Small, glabrous pill-millipede (
<figureCitation box="[636,726,1414,1439]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[144,176,1529,1549]" captionTargetBox="[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-118@9.[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype: (A) habitus, lateral view; (B) coxa and prefemur of first right leg with first stigmatic plate, posterior view; (C) 9th left leg, posterior view; (D–F) left anterior telopod: (D) anterior view, (E) lateral view, (F) posterior view. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere or tergite. Abbreviations: c – collum (tergite 1), h – head, AS – anal shield, cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, Cx – coxa, Pre – prefemur, s-p – sclerotised spot, SR – stridulation ribs, St – stigmatic plate, th-s – thoracic shield (tergite 2). Scale bars: (A) = 10 mm, (B–F) = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911085/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[181,1143,880,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis box="[181,315,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="140">Colouration</emphasis>
: Some discolouration may have occurred because of preservation in alcohol. When observed in alcohol, tergites reminiscent of bamboo leaves. Tergites vibrant dark green with thin sand-coloured strip at posterior margin. Dorsal side of anal shield same colour as tergites, while ventral side of anal shield, as well as ventral side of thoracic shield under light has a bright teal tint. Legs close to colour of tergite, though with tealtinted tarsi. Head and collum also close to colour of tergite, though with a more yellow tint, and brown area around the mandibles. Antennae olive-green.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[144,1104,1529,1669]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">
Fig. 6. 
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald, 2010" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2010" box="[207,457,1529,1549]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusoides" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[207,457,1529,1549]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">Zoosphaerium bambusoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[462,511,1529,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="141" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype: (A) habitus, lateral view; (B) coxa and prefemur of first right leg with first stigmatic plate, posterior view; (C) 9 
<superScript attach="left" box="[720,730,1552,1564]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="141">th</superScript>
left leg, posterior view; (D–F) left anterior telopod: (D) anterior view, (E) lateral view, (F) posterior view. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere or tergite. Abbreviations: c – collum (tergite 1), h – head, AS – anal shield, cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, Cx – coxa, Pre – prefemur, s-p – sclerotised spot, SR – stridulation ribs, St – stigmatic plate, th-s – thoracic shield (tergite 2). Scale bars: (A) = 10 mm, (B–F) = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[181,1143,206,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis box="[181,242,206,231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Head</emphasis>
: Eyes with 
<emphasis box="[371,397,206,231]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">ca</emphasis>
92 ocelli. Antennae long and thin, with cylindrical joints (
<figureCitation box="[1040,1129,206,231]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[144,177,901,921]" captionTargetBox="[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetId="figure-295@11.[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 8. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype, left antenna, SEM: (A) lateral view, (B) apical view on disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911457/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). First antennomere with groove but without sensilla basiconica. Sclerotised teeth at base of antennomere 1–3. Length of antennomeres: 1&gt;2=3&gt;4&gt;5&lt;6. Apical disc bearing 27– 29 sensory cones (
<figureCitation box="[385,471,302,327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[144,177,901,921]" captionTargetBox="[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetId="figure-295@11.[149,1095,203,881]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 8. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype, left antenna, SEM: (A) lateral view, (B) apical view on disc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911457/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Mouthparts not dissected. Collum glabrous, with 1–3 setae at corners on either side of head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[181,1143,206,847]" box="[181,602,374,399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis box="[181,357,374,399]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Thoracic shield</emphasis>
: Surface like tergites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[181,1143,206,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis box="[181,269,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Tergites</emphasis>
: Surface glabrous, shiny, covered with minute depressions like orange peel (50×). Tips of paratergites project posteriorly, forming sharp points (
<figureCitation box="[947,1037,446,471]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[144,176,1529,1549]" captionTargetBox="[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-118@9.[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype: (A) habitus, lateral view; (B) coxa and prefemur of first right leg with first stigmatic plate, posterior view; (C) 9th left leg, posterior view; (D–F) left anterior telopod: (D) anterior view, (E) lateral view, (F) posterior view. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere or tergite. Abbreviations: c – collum (tergite 1), h – head, AS – anal shield, cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, Cx – coxa, Pre – prefemur, s-p – sclerotised spot, SR – stridulation ribs, St – stigmatic plate, th-s – thoracic shield (tergite 2). Scale bars: (A) = 10 mm, (B–F) = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911085/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[181,1143,206,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis box="[181,318,486,511]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Endotergum</emphasis>
: Single row of marginal bristles reaching 2/3 of distance to edge of margin. Single row of elliptical cuticular impressions. Internal section with short spines and very few isolated long bristles (
<figureCitation box="[534,636,550,575]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[182,215,1061,1081]" captionTargetBox="[188,1134,203,1038]" captionTargetId="figure-244@24.[188,1134,203,1038]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 17. Endoterga of tergites 10, arrows point to cuticular impressions: (A) holotype of Zoosphaerium muscorum sp. n., (B) holotype of Z. bambusoides sp. n., (C) holotype of Z. tigrioculatum sp. n., (D) holotype of Z. darthvaderi sp. n., (E) holotype of Z. heleios sp. n.Abbreviations: ci – cuticular impressions, IA – inner area with spines and long setae, mr – marginal ridge, mb – marginal bristles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911109/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[181,1143,206,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis box="[181,307,590,615]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Anal shield</emphasis>
: Fairly well-rounded with a very slight indication of a bell shape because of a small bulge toward dorsal side (
<figureCitation box="[569,661,622,647]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[144,176,1529,1549]" captionTargetBox="[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-118@9.[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype: (A) habitus, lateral view; (B) coxa and prefemur of first right leg with first stigmatic plate, posterior view; (C) 9th left leg, posterior view; (D–F) left anterior telopod: (D) anterior view, (E) lateral view, (F) posterior view. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere or tergite. Abbreviations: c – collum (tergite 1), h – head, AS – anal shield, cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, Cx – coxa, Pre – prefemur, s-p – sclerotised spot, SR – stridulation ribs, St – stigmatic plate, th-s – thoracic shield (tergite 2). Scale bars: (A) = 10 mm, (B–F) = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911085/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Surface like tergites. Underside carrying two brown locking carinae, anterior one very short, about 1/6 the length of posterior one. Carinae separated by a space about as long as 2× the anterior carina. Posterior carina slightly curved towards margin of anal shield.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[181,1143,206,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis box="[181,234,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Legs</emphasis>
: Tarsi 1 with 5, 2 with 6, 3 with 
<emphasis box="[589,615,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">ca</emphasis>
7, and 4–21 with 8–10 ventral spines. First two leg pairs with an apical spine. Tarsi of legs 4–21 with an apical spine. In leg 10 femur 1.89×, tarsi 5.4× longer than wide (
<figureCitation box="[577,665,822,847]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[144,176,1529,1549]" captionTargetBox="[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-118@9.[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype: (A) habitus, lateral view; (B) coxa and prefemur of first right leg with first stigmatic plate, posterior view; (C) 9th left leg, posterior view; (D–F) left anterior telopod: (D) anterior view, (E) lateral view, (F) posterior view. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere or tergite. Abbreviations: c – collum (tergite 1), h – head, AS – anal shield, cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, Cx – coxa, Pre – prefemur, s-p – sclerotised spot, SR – stridulation ribs, St – stigmatic plate, th-s – thoracic shield (tergite 2). Scale bars: (A) = 10 mm, (B–F) = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911085/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7911455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911455/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="142" startId="10.[182,216,1575,1595]" targetBox="[207,1107,891,1554]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="10.[182,1143,1575,1667]" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">
Fig. 7. 
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald, 2010" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2010" box="[248,508,1575,1595]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="10" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusoides" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[248,508,1575,1595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="142">Zoosphaerium bambusoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[514,566,1575,1595]" pageId="10" pageNumber="142" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, posterior telopods: (A) anterior view; (B) posterior view; (C) right posterior telopod, posterior view, detail. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere. Abbreviations: cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, IH – inner horns, IL – inner lobes. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911457" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7911457" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911457/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="143" startId="11.[144,177,901,921]" targetBox="[149,1095,203,881]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="11.[144,1104,901,945]" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">
Fig. 8. 
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald, 2010" authorityName="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2010" box="[206,460,902,922]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="11" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusoides" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[206,460,902,922]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">Zoosphaerium bambusoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[465,515,901,921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="143" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, left antenna, SEM: (A) lateral view, (B) apical view on disc.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="11.[144,1104,975,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis box="[144,327,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">Stigmatic plates</emphasis>
: First plate with triangular lobe. Lobe short and stout, with a thin, pinched, triangular area at apex projecting towards coxa (
<figureCitation box="[787,876,1007,1032]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[144,176,1529,1549]" captionTargetBox="[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-118@9.[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype: (A) habitus, lateral view; (B) coxa and prefemur of first right leg with first stigmatic plate, posterior view; (C) 9th left leg, posterior view; (D–F) left anterior telopod: (D) anterior view, (E) lateral view, (F) posterior view. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere or tergite. Abbreviations: c – collum (tergite 1), h – head, AS – anal shield, cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, Cx – coxa, Pre – prefemur, s-p – sclerotised spot, SR – stridulation ribs, St – stigmatic plate, th-s – thoracic shield (tergite 2). Scale bars: (A) = 10 mm, (B–F) = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911085/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[144,1104,975,1672]" box="[144,359,1047,1073]" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis box="[144,235,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[144,1104,975,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis box="[144,399,1088,1113]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">Male sexual characters</emphasis>
: Gonopore covered with a single undivided, elliptical sclerotised plate. Small apical portion of plate membranous. Covers 1/2 height and 2/3 width of coxa. Anal shield with slight bell shape, glabrous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[144,1104,975,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis box="[144,339,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">Anterior telopods</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[352,476,1191,1216]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[144,176,1529,1549]" captionTargetBox="[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-118@9.[164,1085,204,1506]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype: (A) habitus, lateral view; (B) coxa and prefemur of first right leg with first stigmatic plate, posterior view; (C) 9th left leg, posterior view; (D–F) left anterior telopod: (D) anterior view, (E) lateral view, (F) posterior view. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere or tergite. Abbreviations: c – collum (tergite 1), h – head, AS – anal shield, cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, Cx – coxa, Pre – prefemur, s-p – sclerotised spot, SR – stridulation ribs, St – stigmatic plate, th-s – thoracic shield (tergite 2). Scale bars: (A) = 10 mm, (B–F) = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911085/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">Figs 6D–F</figureCitation>
): Harp with 2 strongly pronounced stridulation ribs – one long and well pronounced rib lying mesally to a less pronounced and shorter one. Top rib steep and step-like. Process of second podomere slightly hooking towards third podomere; apical portion facing third podomere covered with sclerotised spots. Below spots at base of projection lies a sclerotised spine. Third podomere basally also includes sclerotised spine. Large lobe covered by a mound of sclerotised spots located on mesal half of process. Deep concavity located on lateral half. Vertical row of three spines lying at apex following a brown sclerotised spot. Two sclerotised, crenulated teeth sitting on apicolateral margin of concavity. Small fifth sclerotised spine lying close to lateral margin of mound of sclerotised spots. Anterior telopods curve gently towards each other, creating a circular laurel wreath shape more than a horseshoe shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[144,1104,975,1672]" lastBlockId="12.[181,1142,206,703]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis box="[144,352,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">Posterior telopods</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[368,498,1551,1576]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[182,216,1575,1595]" captionTargetBox="[207,1107,891,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-300@10.[207,1107,891,1554]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Zoosphaerium bambusoides sp. n., holotype, posterior telopods: (A) anterior view; (B) posterior view; (C) right posterior telopod, posterior view, detail. Roman numerals refer to number of podomere. Abbreviations: cr-t – crenulated, sclerotised teeth, IH – inner horns, IL – inner lobes. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911455/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="143">Figs 7A–C</figureCitation>
): Movable finger moderately thick (2.46× longer than wide), weakly hooking towards fixed finger. In total, there are 10 sclerotised spines located mesally on movable finger; 
<quantity box="[537,578,1615,1640]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="11" pageNumber="143" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
a clump on a raised mound located in middle of process (4 arranged in a square, with a tiny fifth spine located basally), 2 apically, and 3 laterally of medial area in a triangular formation. On apical posterior margin are 14 sclerotised, crenulated teeth. Fixed finger slightly shorter than movable finger, curving towards latter. Sclerotised spine located basally. Tip of fixed finger flat, inner part containing a slightly squared off depression. Area above depression covered by a few sclerotised spots. Some sparse hair located on movable finger on upper half of posterior side, and on lateral margin of anterior side. Second podomere covered by numerous hairs on anterior and posterior sides. First podomere with some hairs on upper portion of posterior side as well as mesal portion of anterior side. Inner lobes quite thin and flat, curving steeply inwards to create deep bowl shape. Tips of inner horns curving slightly inward.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[181,1142,206,703]" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-11-28" collectionCode="BLF, CASENT" collectorName="B. L. Fisher" country="Madagascar" elevation="390" latitude="-17.92389" location="Camp Rendrirendry" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.199722" municipality="Reserve Betampona" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" specimenCode="BLF 13126, CASENT 9032797" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[181,268,532,552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">Holotype</typeStatus>
: ơ (
<specimenCode box="[299,403,532,552]" collectionCode="BLF" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">BLF 13126</specimenCode>
-B (
<specimenCode box="[434,608,532,552]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">CASENT 9032797</specimenCode>
)). 
<collectingCountry box="[629,793,532,552]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis box="[799,949,533,553]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">
<collectingRegion box="[799,949,533,553]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">Toamasina Prov.</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingMunicipality box="[958,1138,532,552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">Reserve Betampona</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA1219FFFB9E71FEB7FCABF35319F5:8EBCF5D4FFFF9E71FF4BFDF7F134190A" box="[181,364,556,576]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-17.92389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.199722" municipality="Reserve Betampona" name="Camp Rendrirendry" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" stateProvince="Toamasina">Camp Rendrirendry</location>
<quantity box="[370,448,556,576]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.41" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" unit="km" value="34.1">34.1 km</quantity>
, 332° 
<collectingRegion box="[508,608,556,576]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
, 
<quantity box="[619,679,556,576]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" unit="m" value="390.0">
<elevation box="[619,679,556,576]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" unit="m" value="390.0">390 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, rainforest, 
<geoCoordinate box="[789,892,554,577]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-17.92389">17°55'26&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
: 
<geoCoordinate box="[895,1003,554,577]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" precision="15" seconds="59" value="49.199722">49°11'59&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectorName box="[1014,1118,556,576]" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">B.L. Fisher</collectorName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
, general collecting in camp, 
<date box="[467,567,580,600]" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" value="2005-11-28">
<collectingDate box="[467,567,580,600]" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" value="2005-11-28">28.xi.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[181,1142,206,703]" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">
Distribution &amp; Ecology: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener &amp; Bespalova &amp; Sierwald" authorityYear="2010" box="[455,630,614,639]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bambusoides">
<emphasis box="[455,630,614,639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">Z. bambusoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently only known from the lowland rainforest of Betampona (
<figureCitation box="[425,494,646,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[374,407,1647,1667]" captionTargetBox="[298,946,604,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-126@3.[298,947,604,1627]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution map of new Zoosphaerium species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7911075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7911075/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The lowland rainforests of 
<collectingCountry box="[817,952,646,671]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="144">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
are impacted severely by human development (
<bibRefCitation author="MOAT, J. &amp; SMITH, P." box="[536,768,678,703]" pageId="12" pageNumber="144" refId="ref11801" refString="MOAT, J. &amp; SMITH, P. 2007. Atlas of the vegetation of Madagascar. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Kew Publishing." type="book" year="2007">Moat &amp; Smith 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>