715 lines
88 KiB
XML
715 lines
88 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A5C83F62E661DD2B6F7E9E2731E22FBA">Fantastic lizards and where to find them: cis-Andean microteiids (Squamata: Alopoglossidae & Gymnophthalmidae) from the Colombian Orinoquia and Amazonia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A5FE042480ACD8C45F98338B08145E6">Diago-Toro, María F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="82170C4EA91552B8493A99A7705FAC08">Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnologías, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Quindío, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4E08DDFCF5C1B31AF4D341837B54DB22">García-Cobos, Daniela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="67252BE3D6B88B36E42B051DF48FBB48">Subdirección de Investigaciones, Colecciones Biológicas, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, carrera 8 # 15 - 08, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="73B78C53C311C04E4A408D4F5D9E8BF3">Brigante-Luna, Giovanni D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EFB11D359DCDE2651F1B150621ED69E3">Grupo de investigación de Biodiversidad del Caribe Colombiano, Semillero de Herpetología, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6823 - 2383</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7540F50274A59256D1ED4167EA3CDB8D">Vásquez-Restrepo, Juan D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2DC65BD49EE1822BC249115B4A516753">Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="396BCD32B2901B56D10A161797BC80D3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B953111F995DFDAA20212B6EA17073F3">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C787E7C30AFF81FF41997A5B8F46A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5700085" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190305946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5700085" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787E7C30AFF81FF41997A5B8F46A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787E7C30AFF81FF41997A5B8F46A6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
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<subSubSection id="C374657AC30AFF83FF41997A5FC4436C" box="[151,471,582,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD136F1C30AFF83FF41997A5FC4436C" blockId="17.[151,471,582,609]" box="[151,471,582,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
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<heading id="D099819DC30AFF83FF41997A5FC4436C" bold="true" box="[151,471,582,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FF41997A5FC4436C" authority="Gray, 1851" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,471,582,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Iphisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FF41997A5FC4436C" bold="true" box="[151,471,582,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FF41997A5F55436D" bold="true" box="[151,326,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Iphisa elegans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FE98997A5FC4436C" author="Gray, J. E." box="[334,471,582,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" pagination="38 - 39" refId="ref16601" refString="Gray, J. E. (1851) Description of a new genus and family of cyclosaurian lizards from Para. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1851, 38 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1851. tb 01128. x" type="journal article" year="1851">Gray, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374657AC30AFF83FF4199B25A1243C1" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD136F1C30AFF83FF4199B25A1243C1" blockId="17.[151,1437,654,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FF4199B25F2043A4" bold="true" box="[151,307,654,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Distribution:</emphasis>
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Widely distributed in the Amazonia, including
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, Guianas, northern
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<collectingCountry id="F3797661C30AFF83FBBE99B35AAE43A5" box="[1128,1213,655,681]" name="Bolivia" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3797661C30AFF83FB1E99B35AED43A5" box="[1224,1278,655,681]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3797661C30AFF83FADC99B35B7A43A5" box="[1290,1385,655,681]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F3797661C30AFF83FF41998F5F1643C1" box="[151,261,691,717]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FEC2998F5C6043C1" author="Ribeiro-Junior, M. A. & Amaral, S." box="[276,627,691,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" pagination="151 - 196" refId="ref18425" refString="Ribeiro-Junior, M. A. & Amaral, S. (2017) Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. IV. Alopoglossidae, Gymnophthalmidae. Zootaxa, 4269 (2), 151 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4269.2.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Ribeiro-Júnior & Amaral 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). In
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<collectingCountry id="F3797661C30AFF83FD72998F5D0143C1" box="[676,786,691,717]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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along the Amazonia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374657AC30AFF80FF1199EA5F0B4475" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD136F1C30AFF83FF1199EA5B95428D" blockId="17.[151,1437,654,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FF1199EA5F9243FC" bold="true" box="[199,385,726,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Similar species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FE5199EB5C3A43FD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1851" box="[391,553,727,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Iphisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FE5199EB5C3A43FD" box="[391,553,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Iphisa elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is easily distinguishable from all other species of gymnophthalmids, alopoglossids and members of skink-like species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FD4999C75D1F4219" box="[671,780,763,789]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
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family in having two enlarged longitudinal rows of scales on the dorsum and two on the ventral region (no other species present this particular arrangement of enlarged scales in the dorsal or ventral region); and two pairs of chin-shields, the first greatly enlarged (mental cycloid similar in shape to the gular scales in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FE1D985B5C2E428E" box="[459,573,871,898]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
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). For a more detailed description see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FC09985B5A64428D" author="Dixon, J. R." box="[991,1143,871,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" pagination="133 - 139" refId="ref15970" refString="Dixon, J. R. (1974) Systematic Review of the Microteiid Genus Iphisa. Herpetologica, 30 (2), 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="1974">Dixon (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FB7B98545B91428D" author="Avila-Pires, T." box="[1197,1410,870,899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" pagination="1 - 706" refId="ref15408" refString="Avila-Pires, T. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Ávila-Pires (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136F1C30AFF83FF1198B75EF342C5" blockId="17.[151,1437,654,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FF1198B75F2E42A9" bold="true" box="[199,317,907,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Remarks:</emphasis>
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It is also important to mention that
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FD0B98B75D5F42A9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1851" box="[733,844,907,933]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Iphisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FD0B98B75D5F42A9" box="[733,844,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">I. elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may correspond to a species complex (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FAC698B75EC742C5" author="Nunes, P. M. S. & Fouquet, A. & Curcio, F. F. & Kok, P. J. & Rodrigues, M. T." pageId="17" pageNumber="394" pagination="361 - 376" refId="ref17787" refString="Nunes, P. M. S., Fouquet, A., Curcio, F. F., Kok, P. J. & Rodrigues, M. T. (2012) Cryptic species in Iphisa elegans Gray, 1851 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) revealed by hemipenialmorphology and molecular data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 361 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00846. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
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||
Nunes
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<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FAB498B75B8E42A9" box="[1378,1437,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2012
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<subSection id="E2E12F1AC30AFF80FF419F265F0B4475" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD136F1C30AFF83FF419F265F084538" blockId="17.[151,283,1050,1076]" box="[151,283,1050,1076]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
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<heading id="D099819DC30AFF83FF419F265F084538" bold="true" box="[151,283,1050,1076]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FF419F265F084538" bold="true" box="[151,283,1050,1076]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Discussion</emphasis>
|
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136F1C30AFF83FF419F5E5B9244ED" blockId="17.[151,1437,1122,2042]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
|
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Previous authors have widely documented the diversity of alopoglossids and gymnophthalmids in the eastern regions of northwestern South America (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FD8F9FBA5D3545AC" author="Rivas, G. A. & Molina, C. R. & Ugueto, G. N. & Barros, T. R. & Barrio-Amoros C. L. & Kok P. J. R." box="[601,806,1158,1184]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref18566" refString="Rivas, G. A., Molina, C. R., Ugueto, G. N., Barros, T. R., Barrio-Amoros C. L. & Kok P. J. R. (2012) Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa, 3211 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3211.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
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Rivas
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FD729FBB5CF345AC" box="[676,736,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">et al.</emphasis>
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2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FCE29FBA5A8A45AC" author="Ribeiro-Junior, M. A. & Amaral, S." box="[820,1177,1158,1184]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" pagination="151 - 196" refId="ref18425" refString="Ribeiro-Junior, M. A. & Amaral, S. (2017) Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. IV. Alopoglossidae, Gymnophthalmidae. Zootaxa, 4269 (2), 151 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4269.2.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Ribeiro-Júnior & Amaral 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FB719FBA5EC045C8" author="Torres-Carvajal, O. & Pazmino-Otamendi, G. & Ayala-Varela, F. & Salazar-Valenzuela, D." pageId="17" pageNumber="394" refId="ref19605" refString="Torres-Carvajal, O., Pazmino-Otamendi, G., Ayala-Varela, F. & Salazar-Valenzuela, D. (2021) Reptiles del Ecuador. Version 2020.1. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. Available from: https: // bioweb. bio (accessed 22 July 2021)" type="url" year="2021">
|
||
Torres-Carvajal
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FAB79FBB5B8E45AC" box="[1377,1437,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), however, data from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797661C30AFF83FE109F955C2745CF" box="[454,564,1193,1219]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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are normally scarce or absent. This study represents a major attempt in filling the knowledge gaps on the cis-Andean lizards of
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<collectingCountry id="F3797661C30AFF83FD139FF15D2545EB" box="[709,822,1229,1255]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, by adding additional pieces to the microteiids puzzle. As well, it is a clear example of the usefulness of biological collections and data curatorship. Of the 29 taxa we reported in the cis-Andean region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797661C30AFF83FD959E295CA74423" box="[579,692,1301,1327]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 26 were found within a single museum, highlighting the importance of the local institutions when conducting comprehensive research in biodiversity. Unfortunately, these local institutions are often invisible for external researchers, in part due to the absence of georeferencing for the older specimens, resulting in a substantial reduction of the taxonomic and geographic representativeness of samples. Our georeferencing work does not only enhance the usability of these records, but also evidences which regions have a better sampling effort (Andean foothills and the southern Amazonas), and which others have been less explored.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C30AFF83FF119ED75A6046F6" blockId="17.[151,1437,1122,2042]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
|
||
Among our data and considering the currently known distribution of the species, we noticed some of them seem to be restricted to certain geographic units. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FCCA9D335DF84725" authorityName="Hoogmoed & Dixon" authorityYear="1977" box="[796,1003,1551,1577]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FCCA9D335DF84725" box="[796,1003,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Bachia guianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FC2C9D2C5AC24725" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1018,1233,1551,1577]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="heteropa" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FC2C9D2C5AC24725" box="[1018,1233,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">B. heteropa lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FB369D335EF34741" authorityName="Doan & Lamar" authorityYear="2012" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FB369D335EF34741" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FF3B9D0F5C194740" box="[237,522,1587,1613]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FF3B9D0F5C194740" box="[237,522,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Gymnophthalmus cryptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FDC19D0F5CDC4740" authorityName="Garcia-Perez & Schargel" authorityYear="2017" box="[535,719,1587,1613]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marconaterai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FDC19D0F5CDC4740" box="[535,719,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">G. marconaterai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FD0B9D0F5DC44740" baseAuthorityName="Esqueda" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[733,983,1587,1613]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caparensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FD0B9D0F5DC44740" box="[733,983,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Loxopholis caparensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FBC49D0F5A8B4741" baseAuthorityName="Ayala & Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1042,1176,1587,1613]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexalepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FBC49D0F5A8B4741" box="[1042,1176,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">L. hexalepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to be restricted to the Orinoco basin and/or its foothill. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FD6E9D6A5DCE477C" box="[696,989,1622,1648]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avilapiresae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FD6E9D6A5DCE477C" box="[696,989,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Alopoglossus avilapiresae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FC3D9D6B5A75477C" baseAuthorityName="O'Shaughnessy" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1003,1126,1622,1649]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FC3D9D6B5A75477C" box="[1003,1126,1622,1649]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">A. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FBA29D6B5B16477C" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1140,1285,1622,1649]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FBA29D6B5A96477C" box="[1140,1157,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FB449D6A5B16477C" box="[1170,1285,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FA8C9D6B5EC74798" authorityName="Kizirian & McDiarmid" authorityYear="1998" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyburni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FA8C9D6B5EC74798" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">B. pyburni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FF379D465FB74799" box="[225,420,1658,1685]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gelanesaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FF379D465F6E4798" box="[225,381,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Gelanesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FE669D465D124798" box="[432,769,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FE669D465C474798" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1851" box="[432,596,1658,1684]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Iphisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">Iphisa elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FD899D475D124798" baseAuthorityName="Avila-Pires" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[607,769,1658,1684]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">L. snethlageae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FCD89D475DE74798" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[782,1012,1658,1684]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Potamites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecpleopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FCD89D475DE74798" box="[782,1012,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Potamites ecpleopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FBE69D475B724798" authorityName="Avila-Pires" authorityYear="1995" box="[1072,1377,1659,1684]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Tretioscincus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oriximinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FBE69D475B724798" box="[1072,1377,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Tretioscincus oriximinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported only within the Amazon basin and/or its foothill. Meanwhile, the remaining species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FAD69DA25B8547B4" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1973" box="[1280,1430,1694,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FAD69DA25B8547B4" box="[1280,1430,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">A. atriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FF419DFE5F5F47D7" box="[151,332,1729,1756]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Ptychoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevifrontalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FF419DFE5F5F47D7" box="[151,332,1729,1756]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">A. brevifrontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FE8C9DFE5C0D47D7" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[346,542,1729,1756]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshaughnessyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FE8C9DFE5C0D47D7" box="[346,542,1729,1756]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">C. oshaughnessyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FDFA9DFE5D0347D7" authorityName="Dixon & Lamar" authorityYear="1981" box="[556,784,1729,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Neusticurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FDFA9DFE5D0347D7" box="[556,784,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Neusticurus medemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FCC89DFD5A0947D7" baseAuthorityName="O'Shaughnessy" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[798,1050,1729,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Arthrosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FCC89DFD5A0947D7" box="[798,1050,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Arthrosaura reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FBFE9DFE5AA347D7" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1064,1200,1729,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parietalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FBFE9DFE5AA347D7" box="[1064,1200,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">L. parietalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FB689DFE5B6047D7" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1214,1395,1730,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percarinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FB689DFE5B6047D7" box="[1214,1395,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">L. percarinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FA579DFE5F1147F3" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FA579DFE5F1147F3" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">G. speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C30AFF83FE539DDA5C2347F3" authorityName="Vanzolini & Carvalho" authorityYear="1991" box="[389,560,1765,1792]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FE539DDA5C2347F3" box="[389,560,1765,1792]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">G. leucomystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have a wider distribution that includes both regions. The Orinoquian region in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797661C30AFF83FF419C355F16462F" box="[151,261,1801,1827]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
is a mosaic of grasslands, natural savannas, and humid forests, whereas the Amazonian region is mainly characterized by large extensions of humid tropical rainforest, thus the differences in the environmental conditions between these regions may be driving diversification within microteiids, as has been suggested for other lizards (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FF489C485FED4682" author="Ribeiro-Junior, M. A. & Amaral, S." box="[158,510,1908,1934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" pagination="151 - 196" refId="ref18425" refString="Ribeiro-Junior, M. A. & Amaral, S. (2017) Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. IV. Alopoglossidae, Gymnophthalmidae. Zootaxa, 4269 (2), 151 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4269.2.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Ribeiro-Júnior & Amaral 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C30AFF83FDDC9C485CD54682" author="Sheu, Y. & Zurano, J. P. & Ribeiro-Junior, M. A. & Avila-Pires, T. C. & Rodrigues, M. T. & Colli, G. R. & Werneck, F. P." box="[522,710,1908,1934]" pageId="17" pageNumber="394" pagination="2608 - 2625" refId="ref19230" refString="Sheu, Y., Zurano, J. P., Ribeiro-Junior, M. A., Avila-Pires, T. C., Rodrigues, M. T. Colli, G. R. & Werneck, F. P. (2020) The combined role of dispersal and niche evolution in the diversification of Neotropical lizards. Ecology and evolution, 10 (5), 2608 - 2625. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.6091" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sheu
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C30AFF83FD9F9C495C914682" box="[585,642,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="394">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, with our data it is not possible to address if there are historical processes shaping the distribution of the taxa we reported. Even though we fill enormous distribution gaps, the regions where this study is focused are still largely subsampled and specific phylogeographic studies are needed in order to elucidate the biogeographical history of the microteiids in such areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF119BAB5DE24085" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
Although the aim of this study is not taxonomic, we cannot omit to comment about some taxonomic difficulties we noticed during the process of identification. Neither taxonomy nor the ways to carry out taxonomy are static, but they are particularly challenging when there are large geographic and sampling gaps, as in the case of the cis-Andean region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797661C309FF80FEEA9A3F5FBD4011" box="[316,430,259,285]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. For this reason, we presented this review not only as a list of species, but instead as a comprehensive tool and source of information spotlighting the potential for future research, as well as its constraints. In the remarks we presented brief comments we considered valuable for understanding the groups, and following we will discuss some fundamental issues that require more specific explanation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF119AAF5F7B4219" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
For instance,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C309FF80FEB59AAF5C4640A1" author="Murphy, J. C. & Salvi, D. & Santos, J. L. & Braswell, A. L. & Charles, S. P. & Borzee, A. & Jowers, M. J." box="[355,597,403,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" pagination="321 - 340" refId="ref17649" refString="Murphy, J. C., Salvi, D., Santos, J. L., Braswell, A. L., Charles, S. P., Borzee, A. & Jowers, M. J. (2019) The reduced limbed lizards of the genus Bachia (Reptilia, Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae); biogeography, cryptic diversity, and morphological convergence in the eastern Caribbean. Organism Diversity & Evolution, 19, 321 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 019 - 00393 - 4" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Murphy
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FE119AAF5C1240A1" box="[455,513,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
elevated both
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FD299AAF5DD740A1" box="[767,964,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FD299AAF5D5D40A1" box="[767,846,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bachia</taxonomicName>
|
||
h. lineata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FC299AAF5ACF40A1" box="[1023,1244,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FC299AAF5A5D40A1" box="[1023,1102,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bachia</taxonomicName>
|
||
h. marcelae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to species level, based only on morphological traits from literature without further examination. However, several of these characters overlap among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FE769AE75C3040F9" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[416,547,475,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteropa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FE769AE75C3040F9" box="[416,547,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">B. heteropa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, and the diagnosis provided in their study contains inconsistencies making it difficult to interpret. For example, some of the traits they present in Table 2 for “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FB539AC35AF44315" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1157,1255,511,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteropa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB539AC35AF44315" box="[1157,1255,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">heteropa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FAC69AC35B4D4315" box="[1296,1374,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">lineata</emphasis>
|
||
” and “
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FF72991F5F184331" box="[164,267,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">marcelae</emphasis>
|
||
” are not consistent with the data they presented in the text diagnosis (e.g., supraocular scales, digits on hindlimbs, and dorsal transversal rows). Furthermore, the unique specimen they examined for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FB62997B5B25436D" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1204,1334,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteropa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB62997B5B25436D" box="[1204,1334,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">B. heteropa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UMMZ 55880) has two digits and not three as they said. Given the above, we consider there is non-conclusive evidence to consider the observed variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FDC599B35C6543A5" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[531,630,655,681]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteropa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FDC599B35C6543A5" box="[531,630,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">heteropa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group as interspecific, and therefore treated
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FBB499B35AFA43A5" box="[1122,1257,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">B. h. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
as a subspecies. Further and deeper integrative analyses are required to elucidate the evolutionary relationships within some groups of this genus (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FE8F99EB5FCF43FD" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[345,476,727,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heteropa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FE8F99EB5FCF43FD" box="[345,476,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">B. heteropa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FDC299EB5CB443FD" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[532,679,727,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FDC299EB5CB443FD" box="[532,679,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">B. flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as well as the redefinition of the taxonomic characters that could support diagnoses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF1198235CFB4571" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
In addition, the continental species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FDA898235D574235" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" box="[638,836,799,825]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FDA898235D574235" box="[638,836,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Gymnophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are one of the most problematic cis-Andean species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FEC6987F5FFD4251" box="[272,494,835,861]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gymnophthalmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family. This genus possibly harbors cryptic diversity, and their diagnostic traits are not always well-defined, scale counts highly overlap, or are to some extent subject of interpretation. Furthermore, coloration patterns have been one of the main diagnostics traits used to differentiate species within the genus, and although in some cases such as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FDC198935CD042C5" authorityName="Vanzolini & Carvalho" authorityYear="1991" box="[535,707,943,969]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FDC198935CD042C5" box="[535,707,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">G. leucomystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FD2C98935DA042C4" authorityName="Garcia-Perez & Schargel" authorityYear="2017" box="[762,947,943,969]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marconaterai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FD2C98935DA042C4" box="[762,947,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">G. marconaterai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this is unique, in other species like those in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FF1498EF5F3E42E0" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[194,301,979,1004]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FF1498EF5F3E42E0" box="[194,301,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group it is less informative. Another problem with coloration as a diagnostic character is when it is described only for in-life specimens or vice versa, since it may be lost or degenerated in preservative. Finally, we found it is particularly difficult to identify specimens within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FCB39F275DE14538" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[869,1010,1051,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FCB39F275DE14538" box="[869,1010,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">G. speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group because it has historically been considered a complex of species with few or no diagnostic morphological characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C309FF80FB8B9F035B844555" author="Vanzolini, P. E. & de Carvalho, C. M." box="[1117,1431,1087,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" pagination="173 - 226" refId="ref19784" refString="Vanzolini, P. E. & de Carvalho, C. M. (1991) Two sibling and sympatric species of Gymnophthalmus in Roraima, Brasil (Sauria: Teiidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 37 (12), 173 - 226." type="journal article" year="1991">Vanzolini & Carvalho 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C309FF80FF419F5F5FE24571" author="Garcia-Perez, J. E. & Schargel, W. E." box="[151,497,1123,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" pagination="576 - 586" refId="ref16445" refString="Garcia-Perez, J. E. & Schargel, W. E. (2017) A new species of Gymnophthalmus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from sand dunes of the Llanos of Apure, Venezuela. Zootaxa, 4318 (3), 576 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4318.3.9" type="journal article" year="2017">García-Pérez & Schargel 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B00C309FF80FE2A9F5F5CCE4571" author="Recoder, R. & Dal Vechio, F. & Marques-Sousa, S. & Teixeira, M. & Silva-Da-Silva, M. & Santos-Jr., A. P. & Ribeiro, S. & Barrio-Amoros, C. & Rodrigues, M. T." box="[508,733,1123,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" pagination="61 - 81" refId="ref18267" refString="Recoder, R., Dal Vechio, F., Marques-Sousa, S., Teixeira, M., Silva-Da-Silva, M., Santos-Jr., A. P., Ribeiro, S., Barrio-Amoros, C. & Rodrigues, M. T. (2018) Geographic variation and taxonomy of red-tailed Gymnophthalmus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Amazonian Savannas. Zootaxa, 4497 (1), 61 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4497.1.4" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Recoder
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FDB79F5F5C8A4571" box="[609,665,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF119FBB5F0B4475" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
The species we reported here constitutes about 40% of the diversity of gymnophthalmids currently known for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797661C309FF80FF169F975F2245C9" box="[192,305,1195,1221]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and 24% for the alopoglossids. Only two of the reported species herein are endemic (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FAD19F975EF545E5" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FAD19F975B8F45C9" box="[1287,1436,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Alopoglossus</emphasis>
|
||
bicolor
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FECB9FF35C0845E5" authorityName="Doan & Lamar" authorityYear="2012" box="[285,539,1231,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FECB9FF35C0845E5" box="[285,539,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and none is in some IUCN threat category, however, 10 species have not been evaluated or have data deficient. This study allowed us to identify future research opportunities, either for groups that we did not find but will likely be present (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FD1F9E2B5DAA443D" box="[713,953,1303,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FD1F9E2B5DAA443D" box="[713,953,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Cercosaura occellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group), and others in which their taxonomy and systematics are complex or not well resolved (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FCCB9E075D7F4459" box="[797,876,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FCCB9E075D7F4459" box="[797,876,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Bachia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FCAB9E075A134459" box="[893,1024,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FCAB9E075A134459" box="[893,1024,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Cercosaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FBC79E075AC44459" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" box="[1041,1239,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FBC79E075AC44459" box="[1041,1239,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Gymnophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FB319E075B704459" box="[1255,1379,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB319E075B704459" box="[1255,1379,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Loxopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FF419E635F144474" box="[151,263,1375,1400]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Potamites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FF419E635F144474" box="[151,263,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Potamites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2E12F1AC309FF81FF419EF65B8F46A6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374657AC309FF80FF419EF65F6744E9" box="[151,372,1482,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419EF65F6744E9" blockId="18.[151,372,1482,1509]" box="[151,372,1482,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<heading id="D099819DC309FF80FF419EF65F6744E9" bold="true" box="[151,372,1482,1509]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FF419EF65F6744E9" bold="true" box="[151,372,1482,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Identification key</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374657AC309FF81FF419D355B8F46A6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" type="key">
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E54C309FF80FF419D355B8F4730" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419D355B8F4712" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1545,1567]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419D355B8F4712" box="[151,1436,1545,1567]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<key id="FFFF61C0C309FF80FF419D355B8F4712" box="[151,1436,1545,1567]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">1. Reduced limbs; worm-like body; and no ear-opening......................................................... 2</key>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419D1B5B8F4730" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1574,1596]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419D1B5B8F4730" box="[151,1436,1574,1596]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">- Well-developed limbs; lizard-like body; ear opening present................................................... 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E54C309FF80FF419D785B8F477A" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419D785B8F4755" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1603,1626]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419D785B8F4755" box="[151,1436,1603,1626]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
2. Quadrangular dorsal scales............................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB1C9D7F5B8F4755" bold="true" box="[1226,1436,1603,1625]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FB1C9D7F5B024755" box="[1226,1297,1603,1625]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB1C9D7F5B024755" bold="true" box="[1226,1297,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Bachia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FAE19D7F5B8F4755" baseAuthorityName="Bonnaterre" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1335,1436,1603,1625]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FAE19D7F5B8F4755" bold="true" box="[1335,1436,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419D5D5B8F477A" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1633,1655]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419D5D5B8F477A" box="[151,1436,1633,1655]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">- Hexagonal to lanceolate dorsal scales..................................................................... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E54C309FF80FF419D425B8F47BD" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419D425B8F4798" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1662,1684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419D425B8F4798" box="[151,1436,1662,1684]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
3. Keeled dorsal scales......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FAD49D425B8F4798" authorityName="Kizirian & McDiarmid" authorityYear="1998" box="[1282,1436,1662,1684]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyburni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FAD49D425B8F4798" bold="true" box="[1282,1436,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Bachia pyburni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419DA05B8F47BD" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1692,1714]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419DA05B8F47BD" box="[151,1436,1692,1714]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">- Smooth dorsal scales.................................................................................. 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E54C309FF80FF419D855B8F47E0" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419D855B8E47C2" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1437,1720,1743]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419D855B8E47C2" box="[151,1437,1720,1743]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
4. Interparietal scale absent................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FB339D845B8E47C2" authorityName="Hoogmoed & Dixon" authorityYear="1977" box="[1253,1437,1720,1742]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB339D845B8E47C2" bold="true" box="[1253,1437,1720,1742]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Bachia guianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419DEB5B8F47E0" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1750,1772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419DEB5B8F47E0" box="[151,1436,1750,1772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">- Interparietal scale present.............................................................................. 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E54C309FF80FF419DCF5B8F462B" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419DCF5B8E4605" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1437,1779,1802]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419DCF5B8E4605" box="[151,1437,1779,1802]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
5. Three digits on the hindlimbs......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FB4A9DCF5B8E4605" authority="heteropa" box="[1180,1437,1779,1801]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="heteropa" subSpecies="heteropa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB4A9DCF5B8E4605" bold="true" box="[1180,1437,1779,1801]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Bachia heteropa heteropa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419C2D5B8F462B" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1809,1831]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419C2D5B8F462B" box="[151,1436,1809,1831]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">- Two digits on the hindlimbs............................................................................ 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E54C309FF80FF419C125B8E466D" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419C125B8F4648" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1838,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419C125B8F4648" box="[151,1436,1838,1860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
6. Gulars in six or seven rows..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FB799C125B8F4648" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1199,1436,1838,1860]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="heteropa" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB799C125B8F4648" bold="true" box="[1199,1436,1838,1860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Bachia heteropa lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419C705B8E466D" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1437,1867,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419C705B8E466D" box="[151,1437,1867,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
- Gulars in five rows..............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FB4E9C775B8E466D" authorityName="Donoso-barros & Garrido" authorityYear="1964" box="[1176,1437,1867,1889]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Bachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="heteropa" subSpecies="marcelae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB4E9C775B8E466D" bold="true" box="[1176,1437,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Bachia heteropa marcelae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E54C309FF80FF419C555B8F4697" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419C555B8F4672" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1897,1919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419C555B8F4672" box="[151,1436,1897,1919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">7. With only four fingers; non-movable eyelids............................................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419CBB5B8F4697" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1926,1948]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419CBB5B8F4697" box="[151,1436,1926,1948]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">- With five fingers; with movable eyelids.................................................................. 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E54C309FF80FF419C985B8F46DA" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419C985B8F46B5" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1955,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419C985B8F46B5" box="[151,1436,1955,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
8. Scales around midbody 15, rarely 14; intact bluish tail..................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C309FF80FB4B9C9F5B8F46B5" box="[1181,1436,1955,1977]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C309FF80FB4B9C9F5B8F46B5" bold="true" box="[1181,1436,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">Gymnophthalmus cryptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF80FF419CFD5B8F46DA" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" box="[151,1436,1985,2007]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419CFD5B8F46DA" box="[151,1436,1985,2007]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">- Scales around midbody 13, rarely 15; intact tail greyish, reddish to pink, or darkened............................... 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C309FF81FF419CE25B8F41A0" blockId="18.[151,1437,1545,2036]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95C4C309FF80FF419CE25B8E46F8" box="[151,1437,2014,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E54C309FF80FF419CE25B8E46F8" box="[151,1437,2014,2036]" pageId="18" pageNumber="395">9. Inconspicuous dorsolateral stripe that fades away towards the midbody; upper lip cream with dark spots or dark brown; cream</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
belly with dark spots; reddish tail...............................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FBB19BAB5B8F41A0" bold="true" box="[1127,1436,151,173]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FBB19BAB5B0B41A1" authorityName="Merrem" authorityYear="1820" box="[1127,1304,151,173]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FBB19BAB5B0B41A1" bold="true" box="[1127,1304,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Gymnophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FAE99BAB5B8F41A0" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1343,1436,151,172]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FAE99BAB5B8F41A0" bold="true" box="[1343,1436,151,172]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419B895B8F41EB" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Vivid dorsolateral stripe that extends from the supraocular region to at least the base of the tail; white upper lip; white or cream belly; greyish or salmon-pink tail....................................................................... 10</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419BCC5B8E402E" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
10. Vivid dorsolateral stripe that extends from the supraocular region to the base of the tail; lateral stripe fades before the groin; greyish tail.................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FBBC9A305B8E402E" authorityName="Vanzolini & Carvalho" authorityYear="1991" box="[1130,1437,268,290]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomystax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FBBC9A305B8E402E" bold="true" box="[1130,1437,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Gymnophthalmus leucomystax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419A175B8F4076" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
- Well defined dorsolateral stripe that extends from the postorbital region to beyond of the base of the tail; white lateral stripe, similar in width to the dorsolateral stripe, that extends from the ear opening to the tail; salmon-pink tail..........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB899A585B8F4076" authorityName="Garcia-Perez & Schargel" authorityYear="2017" box="[1119,1436,356,378]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gymnophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marconaterai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB899A585B8F4076" bold="true" box="[1119,1436,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Gymnophthalmus marconaterai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419ABE5B8E40B8" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
11. First finger very reduced and clawless; ventral scales cycloid arranged in more than two longitudinal rows............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB5D9AA35B8E40B8" authorityName="Avila-Pires" authorityYear="1995" box="[1163,1437,415,436]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Tretioscincus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oriximinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB5D9AA35B8E40B8" bold="true" box="[1163,1437,415,436]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Tretioscincus oriximinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419A815B8F40E3" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- First finger well-developed with claw or partially reduced and clawless, with non-cycloid ventral scales; or first finger partially reduced, clawless, with ventral scales cycloid arranged in two longitudinal rows.................................. 12</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419AC45B8E4326" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
12. With two longitudinal enlarged rows of scales (wider) on the dorsal region, and two on the ventral; with the first pair of chinshield greatly enlarged......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FADB99285B8E4326" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1851" box="[1293,1437,532,554]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Iphisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FADB99285B8E4326" bold="true" box="[1293,1437,532,554]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Iphisa elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF41990F5B8F4369" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- With more than two longitudinal rows of scales on the dorsal and ventral region; the first pair of chin-shields not greatly enlarged............................................................................................. 13</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4199515B8F438E" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,621,643]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">13. Parietal and interparietal scales similar in length, forming a straight line on the posterior edge....................... 14</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4199B75B8F4393" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,650,672]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Parietals shorter than interparietal scale, forming a curved line on the posterior edge............................... 19</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4199945B8E43B1" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1437,679,701]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
14. Tongue covered with scale-like papillae.................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB6B999B5B8E43B1" baseAuthorityName="O'Shaughnessy" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1213,1437,679,701]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Arthrosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB6B999B5B8E43B1" bold="true" box="[1213,1437,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Arthrosaura reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4199F95B8F43D7" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,709,731]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Tongue covered with transversal plicae (folds)............................................................. 15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4199DE5B8F43F4" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,738,760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">15. Occipital scales present............................................................................... 16</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF41983C5B8F4219" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,767,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Occipital scales absent................................................................................ 17</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4198215B8F423E" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,796,819]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
16. Prefrontals scale present.........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB5898205B8F423E" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1166,1436,796,818]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevifrontalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB5898205B8F423E" bold="true" box="[1166,1436,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Alopoglossus brevifrontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4198075B8F425C" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,826,848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
- Prefrontal scale absent................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB1898065B8F425C" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1230,1436,826,848]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB1898065B8F425C" bold="true" box="[1230,1436,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Alopoglossus bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4198645B8E4286" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
17. Non-granular, keeled and imbricated scales on the flanks of the neck, different in shape to those near the tympanic aperture...............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB4B98485B8E4286" box="[1181,1437,884,906]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avilapiresae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB4B98485B8E4286" bold="true" box="[1181,1437,884,906]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Alopoglossus avilapiresae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4198AF5B8F42AB" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,914,936]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Small granular scales on the flanks of the neck, similar in shape to those near the tympanic aperture.................. 18</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF41988C5B8E42C9" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1437,943,965]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
18. Smooth ventral scales...............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB1798935B8E42C9" baseAuthorityName="O'Shaughnessy" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1217,1437,943,965]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB1798935B8E42C9" bold="true" box="[1217,1437,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Alopoglossus buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4198F15B8F42EE" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,972,995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
- Distinctly keeled to weakly keeled ventral scales.........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB7898F05B8F42EE" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1973" box="[1198,1436,972,994]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Alopoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB7898F05B8F42EE" bold="true" box="[1198,1436,972,994]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Alopoglossus atriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF4198D65B8F450C" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1002,1024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
19. All dorsals are small and irregular, similar to those on the sides................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB0798D65B8F450C" authorityName="Dixon & Lamar" authorityYear="1981" box="[1233,1436,1002,1024]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Neusticurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB0798D65B8F450C" bold="true" box="[1233,1436,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Neusticurus medemi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419F345B8F4536" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
- Dorsal scales large and relatively symmetric, or large and intermixed with small irregular scales, normally differing in size to those on sides (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FE029F195C2C4536" box="[468,575,1061,1082]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FE029F195C2C4536" box="[468,575,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Loxopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).................................................................... 20
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419F7E5B8F455B" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1090,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">20. Heterogeneous dorsal scales, some enlarged, keeled or tuberculate forming longitudinal ridges...................... 21</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419F5C5B8F4579" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1119,1141]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Homogeneous dorsal scales, keeled or not but not forming longitudinal ridges.................................... 23</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419F415B8F459E" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1148,1171]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
21. Dorsal scales on sides heterogeneous, tubercled and intermixed with small irregular scales...........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB029F415B8F459E" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1236,1436,1148,1170]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Potamites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecpleopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB029F415B8F459E" bold="true" box="[1236,1436,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Potamites ecpleopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419FA75B8F45A3" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1178,1200]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Dorsal scales on sides homogeneous and smooth........................................................... 22</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419F845B8F45E6" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
22. Scales around midbody 45–56; 18–21 lamellae under IV toe; 22–25 femoral pores in males; males and females non different in coloration in the gular region.......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB739FE85B8F45E6" baseAuthorityName="C.Burt & M.Burt" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[1189,1436,1236,1258]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gelanesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB739FE85B8F45E6" bold="true" box="[1189,1436,1236,1258]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Gelanesaurus cochranae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419FCF5B8E4429" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
- Scales around midbody 37–48; 15–18 lamellae under IV toe; 19–21 femoral pores in males; males with a white conspicuous patch in the gular region..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB409E335B8E4429" baseAuthorityName="Altamirano-Benavides, Zaher, Lobo, Grazziotin, Sales-Nunes & Rodrigues" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1174,1437,1295,1317]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Gelanesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB409E335B8E4429" bold="true" box="[1174,1437,1295,1317]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Gelanesaurus flavogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419E115B8F4453" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">23. Dorsal scales different in shape to those on sides, being the dorsals keeled and the flanks smooth; dorsal surface of the forearm smooth............................................................................................ 24</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419E545B8F4471" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1383,1405]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Dorsal scales similar to those on sides, both keeled; dorsal surface of the forearm keeled........................... 27</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419EB95B8F4496" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1412,1435]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
24. Quadrangular dorsal scales..........................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB609EB95B8F4496" bold="true" box="[1206,1436,1412,1434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB609EB95B3A4496" box="[1206,1321,1413,1434]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB609EB95B3A4496" bold="true" box="[1206,1321,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Cercosaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FA999EB85B8F4496" box="[1359,1436,1412,1434]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FA999EB85B8F4496" bold="true" box="[1359,1436,1412,1434]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">ocellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419E9F5B8F44B4" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1442,1464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Hexagonal dorsal scales.............................................................................. 25</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419E835B8F44FF" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
25. Single frontonasal scale; hexagonal dorsal scales arranged in transverse and oblique series.........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB169E835F3C44FF" authority="Divided" authorityName="Divided" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB169E835B8F44D9" bold="true" box="[1216,1436,1471,1493]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
|
||
Divided
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frontonasal scale; hexagonal dorsal scales arranged only in transverse series.............................. 26
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419EC65B8F4721" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
26. Scales on flanks moderately smaller than dorsals; 27-35 scales around midbody; and absence of preanal pores...............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB019D2B5B8F4721" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1862" box="[1239,1436,1559,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB019D2B5B8F4721" bold="true" box="[1239,1436,1559,1581]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Cercosaura argulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419D095B8F4764" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
- Scales on flanks distinctly smaller than dorsals; 31-45 scales around midbody; and presence of preanal pores..........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB449D6E5B8F4764" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1170,1436,1618,1640]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshaughnessyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB449D6E5B8F4764" bold="true" box="[1170,1436,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Cercosaura oshaughnessyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419D4C5B8F4789" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1647,1669]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">27. Smooth or weakly keeled ventral scales.................................................................. 28</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419DB15B8F47AE" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1677,1699]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Distinctively keeled ventral scales...................................................................... 29</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419D965B8F47B3" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1706,1728]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
28. Rhomboid dorsal scales..............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB689D965B8F47B3" baseAuthorityName="Esqueda" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1214,1436,1706,1728]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caparensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB689D965B8F47B3" bold="true" box="[1214,1436,1706,1728]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Loxopholis caparensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419DF45B8F47D1" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1735,1757]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
- Hexagonal dorsal scales..............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB1C9DFB5B8F47D1" baseAuthorityName="Ayala & Harris" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1226,1436,1735,1757]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexalepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB1C9DFB5B8F47D1" bold="true" box="[1226,1436,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Loxopholis hexalepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419DD95B8F47F6" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1765,1787]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">29. Reduced fourth pair of chin-shields..................................................................... 30</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419C3F5B8F461B" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1794,1816]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">- Non-reduced fourth pair of chin-shields.................................................................. 31</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419C1C5B8E4639" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1437,1823,1845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
30. Third supraocular larger than the second; flanks completely covered by a wide dark band................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FADD9C235B8E4639" box="[1291,1437,1823,1845]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FADD9C235B8E4639" bold="true" box="[1291,1437,1823,1845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FADD9C235B694639" bold="true" box="[1291,1402,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Loxopholis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419C015B8E4663" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
- Second and third supraocular subequal and larger than the others; upper dark stripe on the flanks of 1–3 scales wide, bordered by a lighter color.................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB779C665B8E4663" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1185,1437,1882,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="percarinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB779C665B8E4663" bold="true" box="[1185,1437,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Loxopholis percarinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419C445B8F4681" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1911,1933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
31. Large frenocular scale; third supraocular subequal or smaller than the second....................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB1A9C4B5B8F4681" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1228,1436,1911,1933]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parietalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB1A9C4B5B8F4681" bold="true" box="[1228,1436,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Loxopholis parietalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136F1C308FF81FF419CA95B8F46A6" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1963]" box="[151,1436,1940,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">
|
||
- Small frenocular scale; third supraocular enlarged........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D72C308FF81FB649CA85B8F46A6" baseAuthorityName="Avila-Pires" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1202,1436,1940,1962]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Loxopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snethlageae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAE3C308FF81FB649CA85B8F46A6" bold="true" box="[1202,1436,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="396">Loxopholis snethlageae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |