496 lines
56 KiB
XML
496 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="1C0D34839C4AD9AE3DB080148BF19D85" ID-CLB-Dataset="20376" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5105.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b4c98dba-203a-4c32-ad29-3019ca289cd2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6332657" ID-ZooBank="56D37B3E-6E13-48FA-BD23-A1AF58CB4D8D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1646597194594" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins" docDate="2022" docId="03C787C8223C8565FF65D61DDFF8FC65" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5105.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5105 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Augiades Hubner 1819" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="239" masterDocId="FFFEFFB0223D8567FFF2D510DA64FFC8" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical Augiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="238" updateTime="1699317135205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4114914AB61E5E41FF6E03FE497032EF">Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical Augiades Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35BDD4E8F0B34563E3A4C0251743A610">Siewert, Ricardo Russo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DFE4221E9B7E12CA0F936CE4A29FAA54">Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ricardo. siewert @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 1746</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2D0E43098FD6412E8133C53F48CB488E" type="email">ricardo.siewert@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C93A886963E5847A02933396A9E9855D">Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2CC1072ADE1EE173264E80E1D6E95A68">Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & jralemes @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1107 - 7903</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D2FA4129E9D1F4FFDD35F1A2B86B2DF6" type="email">jralemes@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E139C28BF67B89D533D8ACE6460ECD1B">Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD5DA1094BA9A0F2CE61152DF202382F">Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & omhesp @ ufpr. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3655 - 4606</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D69906D6341707353F1AABF521B95D2E" type="email">omhesp@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A2524B2034639A3A4D6339D8C156D65C">Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9762C457E0C3807BD0AC221EE7D3F026">Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & mibras @ ufpr. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6076 - 8463</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8746399836722CF53772596A441F7B2A" type="email">mibras@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="6297F4E767A0ADCDCEED9463A7967832">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D8C41D8E520EB8188C76F46FFE8C58BE">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4F2C719DD629E4002E6D00CCB1A4E624">2022-03-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="62FC106D27C1C7FED1824A6A27DB8143">5105</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="65D346B759716746367435756B36176C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5105.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C787C8223C8565FF65D61DDFF8FC65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335913" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193878427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6335913" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787C8223C8565FF65D61DDFF8FC65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787C8223C8565FF65D61DDFF8FC65" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
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<subSubSection id="C3746555223C8566FF65D61DDBAFFCEF" box="[151,459,781,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD136DE223C8566FF65D61DDBAFFCEF" blockId="1.[151,459,781,808]" box="[151,459,781,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
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<heading id="D09981B2223C8566FF65D61DDBAFFCEF" bold="true" box="[151,459,781,808]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FF65D61DDBAFFCEF" ID-CoL="923BR" authority="Hubner, [1819]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[151,459,781,808]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Augiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FF65D61DDBAFFCEF" bold="true" box="[151,459,781,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FF65D61DDB63FCE0" bold="true" box="[151,263,781,808]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Augiades</emphasis>
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Hübner, [1819]
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3746555223C8566FF65D642D8DEFA5A" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD136DE223C8566FF65D642D8DEFA5A" blockId="1.[151,1437,849,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FF65D642DBFCFCA2" ID-CoL="923BR" authority="Hubner, [1819]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[151,408,850,874]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Augiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FF65D642DA91FCA2" box="[151,245,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Augiades</emphasis>
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Hübner, [1819]
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE53D642D80EFCA1" bold="true" box="[417,618,849,874]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Verz. bek. Schmett</emphasis>
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., p. 112; included species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FC8AD642DE0FFCA2" authority="Cramer" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[888,1131,850,874]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinisus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC8AD642DE7CFCA1" box="[888,1048,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio crinisus</emphasis>
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Cramer
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FB86D642DF0BFCA2" authority="Cramer" authorityName="Cramer" box="[1140,1391,850,874]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcalaus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB86D642DF78FCA2" box="[1140,1308,850,874]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio arcalaus</emphasis>
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Cramer
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FA8AD643DBCFFC40" ID-CoL="5K63R" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comma">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FA8AD643DB21FC40" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio comma</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FE47D660D8FBFC40" authority="Esper" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1777" box="[437,671,880,904]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvanus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE47D660D839FC40" box="[437,605,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio sylvanus</emphasis>
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Esper
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FD5BD660D9FEFC41" authority="Cramer" authorityName="Cramer" box="[681,922,880,905]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helirius">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FD5BD660D92CFC40" box="[681,840,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio helirius</emphasis>
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Cramer
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FC3ED660DEB6FC40" authority="Cramer." authorityName="Cramer." box="[972,1234,880,904]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euribates">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC3ED660DE1FFC40" box="[972,1147,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio euribates</emphasis>
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Cramer.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Herrich-Schäffer, 1870.
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FEFAD69FD8A9FC6F" bold="true" box="[264,717,911,935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Corr.-Blatt zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 24</emphasis>
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: 157.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FCEDD69FD9C7FC6F" author="Butler, A. G." box="[799,931,911,935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="55 - 58" refId="ref14738" refString="Butler, A. G. (1870) The genera of Hesperidae in the collection of the British Museum. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 7 (75 & 76), 55 - 58 & 92 - 99." type="journal article" year="1870">Butler, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC5CD69FDEF5FC6F" bold="true" box="[942,1169,911,935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Ent. monthly Mag. 7</emphasis>
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: 58;
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<typeStatus id="54D5887C223C8566FB35D680DE97FC60" box="[1223,1267,912,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FAA0D69FDBCCFC0E" authority="Cramer, 1780" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinisus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FAA0D69FDB73FC0D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio crinisus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FEECD6BEDBCCFC0E" author="Cramer, P." box="[286,424,942,966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="129 - 176" refId="ref14959" refString="Cramer, P. (1780) De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique. 3 (23 / 24). S. J. Baalde; Amsteldam Barthelemy Wild, Amsteldam and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp., Utrecht, pp. 129 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65748" type="book chapter" year="1780">Cramer, 1780</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FE34D6BED83EFC0E" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[454,602,942,966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="24 - 83" refId="ref16044" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1872) A systematic revision of some of the American butterflies, with brief notes on those known to occur in Essex County, Massachusetts. Annual Report of the Peabody Academy of Science, 4, 24 - 83." type="journal article" year="1872">Scudder, 1872</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FD95D6BEDE6AFC0E" bold="true" box="[615,1038,941,966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Report. Peabody Academy of Science 4</emphasis>
|
||
: 79.—Scudder, 1875.
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB01D6BEDB3FFC2C" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Proc. Amer. Ac. Arts & Sc. 10</emphasis>
|
||
: 124.—Tutt, 1905.
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FDD5D6DCD8CFFC2C" bold="true" box="[551,683,972,997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Brit. Butt. 1</emphasis>
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||
, p. 85.—Tutt, 1906.
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC76D6DCDE66FC2C" bold="true" box="[900,1026,972,997]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Brit. Lep. 8</emphasis>
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||
, p. 85.—Draudt, 1923,
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB0AD6DCDF69FC2C" bold="true" box="[1272,1293,972,996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">in</emphasis>
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||
Seitz.
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FAA7D6DCDB12FBCB" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Gross-
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FF35D6FBDB42FBCB" box="[199,294,1003,1027]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" reason="1">Schmett.</emphasis>
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Erde 5
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</emphasis>
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, p. 939.—Lindsey, 1925.
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FD72D6FBD9E0FBCB" bold="true" box="[640,900,1003,1027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 18</emphasis>
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||
: 79.—Handlirsch, 1925,
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB7AD6FBDEF9FBCB" bold="true" box="[1160,1181,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">in</emphasis>
|
||
Schröder, 1925.
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FAB9D6FBDB6CFBEA" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Handb, Ent. 3</emphasis>
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||
, p. 934.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FE80D11AD87FFBEA" author="Hemming, A. F." box="[370,539,1034,1058]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="1758 - 1863" refId="ref15422" refString="Hemming, A. F. (1934) The generic names of the holarctic butterflies. Vol. I .. Richard Clay and Sons, London, viii + 184 pp. [1758 - 1863]" type="book chapter" year="1934">Hemming, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FDD6D11AD95AFBEA" bold="true" box="[548,830,1034,1058]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Gen. Nam. Holarctic Butt.</emphasis>
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, p. 160.—Hemming, 1937.
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<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FBA9D11ADEA6FBEA" bold="true" box="[1115,1218,1034,1058]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Hübner 2</emphasis>
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, p. 160.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FADFD11ADFFDFBEA" author="Bell, E. L." box="[1325,1433,1034,1058]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="65 - 203" refId="ref14705" refString="Bell, E. L. (1946) A catalogue of the Hesperioidea of Venezuela. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, 5 (3 / 4), 65 - 203." type="journal article" year="1946">Bell, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FF35D139DBF8FB89" bold="true" box="[199,412,1065,1089]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Bol. Ent. venezol. 5</emphasis>
|
||
: 99.—Hayward, 1947.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FD63D138D923FB88" bold="true" box="[657,839,1064,1089]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Acta zool. Lill. 4</emphasis>
|
||
: 268.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FC6ED138DE7AFB89" author="Evans, W. H." box="[924,1054,1064,1089]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" refId="ref15145" refString="Evans, W. H. (1949) A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London, 555 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105941" type="book" year="1949">Evans, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FBDBD138DB66FB97" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Cat. Hesp. Europe, Asia and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379764E223C8566FA98D138DB66FB97" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 350.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FE81D157DB92FB97" author="Evans, W. H." box="[371,502,1095,1119]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" refId="ref15200" refString="Evans, W. H. (1952) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. (Groups B, C, D): Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History), London, 170 pp." type="book" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FDF0D157D8B1FB97" bold="true" box="[514,725,1095,1119]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Cat. Amer. Hesp. 2</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 6, 27.—Barth, 1952.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC2CD157DE91FB97" bold="true" box="[990,1269,1095,1119]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Mem. Inst. Osw. Cruz 50</emphasis>
|
||
: 466, 469, 470; odoriferous organs.—Barth, 1960.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FDC2D176D954FBB6" bold="true" box="[560,816,1126,1150]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Bol. Parq. Nac. Itatiaia</emphasis>
|
||
, Rio de Janeiro,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC16D176D995FBB6" bold="true" box="[996,1009,1126,1150]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">7</emphasis>
|
||
: 21.—Hemming, 1967.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB1DD176DBE5FB55" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent.,</emphasis>
|
||
Suppl. 9: 69, 319.—Beattie, 1976.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FD19D195D913FB54" bold="true" box="[747,887,1156,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Rhop. Direct</emphasis>
|
||
., p. 8.—Bridges, 1983.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB9ED195DE90FB54" bold="true" box="[1132,1268,1156,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Lep. Hesp. 2</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 4.—Bridges, 1988.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FEF4D1B3D8D3FB73" bold="true" box="[262,695,1187,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Cat. Fam.-Group & Gen.-Group Nam. 4</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 15;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FCF3D1B3D96AFB73" bold="true" box="[769,782,1187,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">5</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 5.—Bridges, 1988.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC0AD1B3DE18FB73" bold="true" box="[1016,1148,1187,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Cat. Hesp. 2</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 6;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB48D1B3DF65FB73" bold="true" box="[1210,1281,1187,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">App. 2</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 5.—Lamas; O. Mielke & Robbins, 1993.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE1DD1D2D8CBFB12" bold="true" box="[495,687,1217,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Jour. Lep. Soc. 47</emphasis>
|
||
: 81; ethol.—Bridges, 1994.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC20D1D2DB9CFB30" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp.-Group Nam., Hesp. (Lep.) World 4</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 4;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FDCED1F1D82DFB31" bold="true" box="[572,585,1249,1273]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">5</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 6;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FD7FD1F0D8FEFB30" bold="true" box="[653,666,1248,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">6</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 10;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FD1ED1F0D89DFB30" bold="true" box="[748,761,1248,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">9</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 7.—Maes
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC7ED1F1D9DFFB30" bold="true" box="[908,955,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1999,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FBE2D1F0DE41FB30" bold="true" box="[1040,1061,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">in</emphasis>
|
||
Maes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB80D1F0DF1FFB30" bold="true" box="[1138,1403,1248,1273]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Cat. Ins. Art.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379764E223C8566FAF8D1F0DF1FFB30" box="[1290,1403,1248,1272]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 1247.—Fernández-Rubio; Iñigo & Fernández-A., 2001.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FCFBD1EFD9CAFADF" bold="true" box="[777,942,1279,1303]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Bol. S. E. A. 29</emphasis>
|
||
: 113; etymology.—O. Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 3, 32,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FEA7D00EDB0EFAFE" bold="true" box="[341,362,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">in</emphasis>
|
||
Lamas (ed.).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE08D00ED99AFAFE" bold="true" box="[506,1022,1310,1334]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FBFFD00EDE46FAFE" bold="true" box="[1037,1058,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">in</emphasis>
|
||
Heppner (ed.).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB37D00EDA82FA9C" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A</emphasis>
|
||
.—O.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FED7D02CDBCBFA9C" author="Mielke, O. H. H." box="[293,431,1340,1364]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" refId="ref15895" refString="Mielke, O. H. H. (2005) Catalogue of the American Hesperioidea: Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Vols. 1 - 6. Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 1536 pp." type="book" year="2005">Mielke, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE4AD02CD8B1FA9C" bold="true" box="[440,725,1340,1364]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 2</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 181.—DeVries; Austin & Martin, 2008.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB61D02CDFF1FA9C" bold="true" box="[1171,1429,1340,1365]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 94</emphasis>
|
||
: 727.—Warren; Ogawa & A. Brower, 2008.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FD7BD04BD977FABB" bold="true" box="[649,787,1371,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Cladistics 24</emphasis>
|
||
: 24.—Warren; Ogawa & A. Brower, 2009.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB25D04BDF05FABB" bold="true" box="[1239,1377,1371,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Syst. Ent. 34</emphasis>
|
||
: 483, 513.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FEFED06ADBFBFA5A" author="Li, W. & Cong, Q. & Shen, J. & Zhang, J. & Hallwachs, W. & Janzen, D. H. & Grishin, N. V." box="[268,415,1401,1426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="6232 - 6237" refId="ref15703" refString="Li, W., Cong, Q., Shen, J., Zhang, J., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D. H. & Grishin, N. V. (2019) Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wings patters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116 (13), 6232 - 6237. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1821304116" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FED8D06ADB32FA59" bold="true" box="[298,342,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE5AD069DB8EFA59" bold="true" box="[424,490,1401,1425]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">PNAS</emphasis>
|
||
: 2, appendix 12, 31.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746555223C8566FF65D0D3DEEEFA15" box="[151,1162,1474,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223C8566FF65D0D3DEEEFA15" blockId="1.[151,1437,1474,2024]" box="[151,1162,1474,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FF65D0D3DB56FA14" bold="true" box="[151,306,1474,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5887C223C8566FF65D0D3DAB6FA15" box="[151,210,1475,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FECBD0D3D8EAFA15" authority="Cramer, 1780" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[313,654,1475,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FECBD0D3DB88FA14" box="[313,492,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio crinisus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FE00D0D3D8EAFA15" author="Cramer, P." box="[498,654,1475,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="129 - 176" refId="ref14959" refString="Cramer, P. (1780) De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique. 3 (23 / 24). S. J. Baalde; Amsteldam Barthelemy Wild, Amsteldam and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp., Utrecht, pp. 129 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65748" type="book chapter" year="1780">Cramer, 1780</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by subsequent designation by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FC19D0D3DEE1FA15" author="Butler, A. G." box="[1003,1157,1475,1501]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="55 - 58" refId="ref14738" refString="Butler, A. G. (1870) The genera of Hesperidae in the collection of the British Museum. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 7 (75 & 76), 55 - 58 & 92 - 99." type="journal article" year="1870">Butler (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746555223C8566FF35D0F8D902F950" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223C8566FF35D0F8D902F950" blockId="1.[151,1437,1474,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FF35D0F8DB26F9CA" bold="true" box="[199,322,1512,1538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FEBFD0F8DBD1F9CA" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[333,437,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Augiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FEBFD0F8DBD1F9CA" box="[333,437,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Augiades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from most genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FC46D0F8DE56F9CA" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1877" box="[948,1074,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eudaminae">Eudaminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the color pattern of wings: orangish or yellowish ferruginous patch covering the proximal half of DFW and almost the entire surface of DHW. Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FEC3D323DBD5F986" author="Bell, E. L." box="[305,433,1587,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="65 - 203" refId="ref14705" refString="Bell, E. L. (1946) A catalogue of the Hesperioidea of Venezuela. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana, 5 (3 / 4), 65 - 203." type="journal article" year="1946">Bell (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cites the following characters: antennal club gradually thickened, hooked, apiculus about as long as the rest of the club, tapering to a point; third segment of the palpus rather long, naked, divergent; FW of males with a costal fold; and hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746555223C8565FF35D3B2D96EFF1E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223C8565FF35D3B2D96EFF1E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1474,2024]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,215]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FF35D3B2DBB7F974" bold="true" box="[199,467,1698,1724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FE28D3B3D826F975" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[474,578,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Augiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE28D3B3D826F975" box="[474,578,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Augiades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally proposed for six species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FBE3D3B3DF0CF975" authority="Cramer, 1780" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[1041,1384,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FBE3D3B3DEA0F974" box="[1041,1220,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio crinisus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FB3ED3B3DF0CF975" author="Cramer, P." box="[1228,1384,1699,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="129 - 176" refId="ref14959" refString="Cramer, P. (1780) De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique. 3 (23 / 24). S. J. Baalde; Amsteldam Barthelemy Wild, Amsteldam and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp., Utrecht, pp. 129 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65748" type="book chapter" year="1780">Cramer, 1780</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FA86D3B3DBDFF92A" authority="Stoll, 1782" authorityName="Stoll" authorityYear="1782" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcalaus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FA86D3B3DB50F92A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio arcalaus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FECED3D8DBDFF92A" author="Stoll, C." box="[316,443,1736,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="165 - 252" refId="ref16319" refString="Stoll, C. (1782) s. n. In: Cramer, P., De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique. 4 (32 / 34). S. J. Baalde; Amsteldam Barthelemy Wild, Amsteldam and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp., Utrecht, pp. 165 - 252." type="book chapter" year="1782">Stoll, 1782</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FE35D3D8D948F92B" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[455,812,1736,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE35D3D8D817F92A" box="[455,627,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio comma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FD89D3D8D948F92B" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[635,812,1736,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="1" refId="ref15784" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) S ystema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synomymis, locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, reformata Laurentius Salvius, Holmia, iv + 823 + [1] pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="journal article" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FCCAD3D8DEE0F92A" authority="Esper, 1777" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1777" box="[824,1156,1736,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FCCAD3D8D996F92A" box="[824,1010,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio sylvanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FC09D3D9DEE0F92A" author="Esper, E. J. C." box="[1019,1156,1736,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="145 - 176" refId="ref15076" refString="Esper, E. J. C. (1777) s. n. In: Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Erster Theil. Europaische Gattungen. 1 (6). Wolfgang Walther, Erlangen, pp. 145 - 176, pls. 31 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 152936" type="book chapter" year="1777">Esper, 1777</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FB62D3D8DAB6F8C0" authority="Cramer 1775" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helirius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB62D3D8DF25F92A" box="[1168,1345,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio helirius</emphasis>
|
||
Cramer 1775
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FEFED3FDD835F8CF" authority="Stoll, 1782" authorityName="Stoll" authorityYear="1782" box="[268,593,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euribates">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FEFED3FDDBA8F8CF" box="[268,460,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Papilio euribates</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FE21D3FDD835F8CF" author="Stoll, C." box="[467,593,1773,1799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="165 - 252" refId="ref16319" refString="Stoll, C. (1782) s. n. In: Cramer, P., De uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique. 4 (32 / 34). S. J. Baalde; Amsteldam Barthelemy Wild, Amsteldam and J. Van Schoonhoven & Comp., Utrecht, pp. 165 - 252." type="book chapter" year="1782">Stoll, 1782</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FDA9D3FDD978F8C0" author="Butler, A. G." box="[603,796,1773,1800]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="55 - 58" refId="ref14738" refString="Butler, A. G. (1870) The genera of Hesperidae in the collection of the British Museum. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 7 (75 & 76), 55 - 58 & 92 - 99." type="journal article" year="1870">Butler (1870: 58)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FC53D3FEDE71F8CF" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[929,1045,1774,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FC53D3FEDE71F8CF" box="[929,1045,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">P. crinisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5887C223C8566FB90D3FEDEF6F8C0" box="[1122,1170,1774,1800]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus, as it was the first species listed by Hübner.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FDABD203D950F8E5" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[601,820,1811,1837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="24 - 83" refId="ref16044" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1872) A systematic revision of some of the American butterflies, with brief notes on those known to occur in Essex County, Massachusetts. Annual Report of the Peabody Academy of Science, 4, 24 - 83." type="journal article" year="1872">Scudder (1872: 79)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, disagreed with Butler and proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FACCD203DADAF89A" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1777" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FACCD203DADAF89A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">P. sylvanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5887C223C8566FEFCD229DB5AF89B" box="[270,318,1849,1875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species. Scudder’s decision was made because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FCAAD228DE6BF89B" author="Stephens, J. F." box="[856,1039,1848,1875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" refId="ref16282" refString="Stephens, J. F. (1850) List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum. Part V. Lepidoptera. British Museum, London, 352 pp." type="book" year="1850">Stephens (1850)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had previously restricted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FAC6D228DFF8F89A" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1332,1436,1848,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Augiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FAC6D228DFF8F89A" box="[1332,1436,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Augiades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FF46D24EDB54F8BF" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1777" box="[180,304,1885,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FF46D24EDB54F8BF" box="[180,304,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">P. sylvanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FE9AD24EDBB1F8BF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[360,469,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE9AD24EDBB1F8BF" box="[360,469,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">P. comma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the latter had already been designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5887C223C8566FBF8D24EDE5EF8B0" box="[1034,1082,1886,1912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FB4BD24DDAABF855" authority="Fabricius, 1807" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pamphila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FB4BD24DDF42F8BF" box="[1209,1318,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Pamphila</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1807
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Westwood (1840, Synopsis: 88). Scudder’s nomenclatural decision led to the mistaken usage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FAC6D293DFF8F855" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1332,1436,1923,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Augiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FAC6D293DFF8F855" box="[1332,1436,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Augiades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for a Holarctic genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FE46D2B8D859F80A" box="[436,573,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This error was corrected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FC63D2B8DE31F80A" author="Hemming, A. F." box="[913,1109,1960,1986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="1758 - 1863" refId="ref15422" refString="Hemming, A. F. (1934) The generic names of the holarctic butterflies. Vol. I .. Richard Clay and Sons, London, viii + 184 pp. [1758 - 1863]" type="book chapter" year="1934">Hemming (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who proposed using
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FABCD2B8DB03F82F" authority="Scudder, 1872" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ochlodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FABCD2B8DAD8F82F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">Ochlodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223C8566FF37D2DDDB03F82F" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[197,359,1997,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" pagination="24 - 83" refId="ref16044" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1872) A systematic revision of some of the American butterflies, with brief notes on those known to occur in Essex County, Massachusetts. Annual Report of the Peabody Academy of Science, 4, 24 - 83." type="journal article" year="1872">Scudder, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to house
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223C8566FE25D2DDD853F82F" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1777" box="[471,567,1997,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223C8566FE25D2DDD853F82F" box="[471,567,1997,2023]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="238">sylvanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its Palearctic and Nearctic relatives. Afterwards, Evans re-characterized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FF65D587DB65FF79" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,257,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ochlodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FF65D587DB65FF79" box="[151,257,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Ochlodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Palearctic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223F8565FE01D587D8D2FF79" author="Evans, W. H." box="[499,694,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" refId="ref15145" refString="Evans, W. H. (1949) A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London, 555 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105941" type="book" year="1949">Evans 1949: 350</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Nearctic regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223F8565FC30D587DEE1FF79" author="Evans, W. H." box="[962,1157,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" refId="ref15303" refString="Evans, W. H. (1955) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. Hesperiinae and Megathyminae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 499 pp." type="book" year="1955">Evans 1955: 301</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 341) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FAF2D587DF0CFF79" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[1280,1384,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Augiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FAF2D587DF0CFF79" box="[1280,1384,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Augiades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was restricted to the Neotropical region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B2F223F8565FDDCD5ACD8B6FF1F" author="Evans, W. H." box="[558,722,188,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" refId="ref15200" refString="Evans, W. H. (1952) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. (Groups B, C, D): Pyrginae. Section I. British Museum (Natural History), London, 170 pp." type="book" year="1952">Evans 1952: 5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 27).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746555223F8565FF65D438DFF8FC65" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D438D83FFE8A" blockId="2.[151,603,295,322]" box="[151,603,295,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<heading id="D09981B2223F8565FF65D438D83FFE8A" bold="true" box="[151,603,295,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FF65D438D83FFE8A" bold="true" box="[151,603,295,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
Identification key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FE69D437D86FFE8A" ID-CoL="923BR" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[411,523,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Augiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FE69D437D86FFE8A" bold="true" box="[411,523,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Augiades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FFFF61EF223F8565FF65D47DDFF8FDDD" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E7B223F8565FF65D47DDFF8FE12" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D47DDFF8FE68" blockId="2.[151,1437,365,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95EB223F8565FF65D47DDFF8FE68" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
1. FW with hyaline spots well developed; VHW always with a postdiscal orange area; valva strongly bifid distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A5B223F8565FAEDD47DDF0EFE4B" box="[1311,1386,365,387]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,182,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Augiades species. A–C. A. crinisus (Peru, Madre de Dios, Parque Manu, Patizka, DZ 5.096) in (A) Lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus and gnathos and lateral view of valva; (B) Dorsal view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; and (C) Lateral view of aedeagus. D–F. A. vespasius vespasius (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Imbariê, DZ 45.925). G–I. A. vespasius bicolor (Brazil, Acre, Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, DZ 45.307)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332663/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FAC4D49BDFF8FE68" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[1334,1436,395,416]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FAC4D49BDFF8FE68" box="[1334,1436,395,416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">A. crinisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D4B8DFF8FE12" blockId="2.[151,1437,365,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95EB223F8565FF65D4B8DFF8FE12" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
- FW usually without hyaline spots, if present, not well developed; VHW with or without a postdiscal orange area; valva shortly bifid distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A5B223F8565FE9BD4D5DBAFFE13" box="[361,459,453,475]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[212,1360,182,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-24@8.[212,1375,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Augiades species. A–C. A. crinisus (Peru, Madre de Dios, Parque Manu, Patizka, DZ 5.096) in (A) Lateral view of tegumen, saccus, uncus and gnathos and lateral view of valva; (B) Dorsal view of tegumen, uncus and gnathos; and (C) Lateral view of aedeagus. D–F. A. vespasius vespasius (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Imbariê, DZ 45.925). G–I. A. vespasius bicolor (Brazil, Acre, Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, DZ 45.307)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332663/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Fig. 3D,G</figureCitation>
|
||
)............................................................................... 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E7B223F8565FF65D4F2DFF8FDDD" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D4F2DFF8FE3F" blockId="2.[151,1437,365,534]" box="[151,1436,482,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95EB223F8565FF65D4F2DFF8FE3F" box="[151,1436,482,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
2. VHW always with a postdiscal orange area, and with a broad central dark brown band (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FBAFD4F3DEA0FE30" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[1117,1220,483,504]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FBAFD4F3DEA0FE30" box="[1117,1220,483,504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">A. crinisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FB28D4F3DFF8FE3F" box="[1242,1436,482,504]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="vespasius" subSpecies="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FB28D4F3DFF8FE3F" box="[1242,1436,482,504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">A. vespasius bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D710DFF8FDDD" blockId="2.[151,1437,365,534]" box="[151,1436,512,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95EB223F8565FF65D710DFF8FDDD" box="[151,1436,512,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
- VHW without a conspicuously marked postdiscal area......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FB36D710DFF8FDDD" ID-CoL="975KH" authority="vespasius" box="[1220,1436,512,533]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="vespasius" subSpecies="vespasius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FB36D710DFF8FDDD" box="[1220,1436,512,533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">A. vespasius vespasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D778D815FD4A" blockId="2.[151,625,615,642]" box="[151,625,615,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<heading id="D09981B2223F8565FF65D778D815FD4A" bold="true" box="[151,625,615,642]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FF65D778D815FD4A" bold="true" box="[151,625,615,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
Identification key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FE69D777D86FFD4A" ID-CoL="923BR" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[411,523,615,642]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Augiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FE69D777D86FFD4A" bold="true" box="[411,523,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Augiades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="FFFF61EF223F8565FF65D7BDDFF8FC65" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E7B223F8565FF65D7BDDFF8FCFF" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D7BDDFF8FD28" blockId="2.[151,1437,685,942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95EB223F8565FF65D7BDDFF8FD28" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
1. VHW with an orange postdiscal area, with a broad central dark brown band, and with the marginal area dark brown; lamella antevaginalis with dorsal margin slightly serrated; lamella postvaginalis entirely sclerotized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A5B223F8565FBACD7DADECDFD28" box="[1118,1193,714,736]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1436,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female genitalia of Augiades species. A. A. crinisus (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares, DZ 45.974). B. A. vespasius vespasius (Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Imbariê DZ 45.938)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
)..........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FAC4D7DBDFF8FD28" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" box="[1334,1436,715,736]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinisus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FAC4D7DBDFF8FD28" box="[1334,1436,715,736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">A. crinisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D7F8DFF8FCFF" blockId="2.[151,1437,685,942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95EB223F8565FF65D7F8DFF8FCFF" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FF65D7F8DAFBFD35" bold="true" box="[151,159,744,765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">-</emphasis>
|
||
VHW with a faded yellow postdiscal area, with a broad central light brown band or with yellow-orange discal and postdiscal areas with remnants of a brown band in the postdiscal area, and the marginal area light brown; lamella antevaginalis with dorsal margin smooth; lamella postvaginalis sclerotized at median region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A5B223F8565FC9ED632D9D2FCF0" box="[876,950,802,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1436,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female genitalia of Augiades species. A. A. crinisus (Brazil, Espírito Santo, Linhares, DZ 45.974). B. A. vespasius vespasius (Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Imbariê DZ 45.938)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6332665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6332665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................... 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="309A2E7B223F8565FF65D650DFF8FC65" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D650DFF8FCBB" blockId="2.[151,1437,685,942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95EB223F8565FF65D650DFF8FCBB" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
2. VHW with a faded yellow postdiscal area and with a broad central light brown band; VHW marginal area broader (at least almost half the size of the VHW); FW with or without hyaline spots............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FB36D64DDFF8FCBB" ID-CoL="975KH" authority="vespasius" box="[1220,1436,861,883]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="vespasius" subSpecies="vespasius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FB36D64DDFF8FCBB" box="[1220,1436,861,883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">A. vespasius vespasius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136DE223F8565FF65D66BDFF8FC65" blockId="2.[151,1437,685,942]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
<keyLead id="309F95EB223F8565FF65D66BDFF8FC65" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
|
||
- VHW with yellow-orange discal and postdiscal area with remnants of a brown band in the postdical area; VHW marginal area slender (less than half size of the VHW); FW with hyaline spots.................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D5D223F8565FB28D688DFF8FC65" box="[1242,1436,920,941]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hesperia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="vespasius" subSpecies="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEACC223F8565FB28D688DFF8FC65" box="[1242,1436,920,941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">A. vespasius bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |