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<document id="00C44C20C41186352B5F1EB1333E70D3" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4150.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8347a890-caad-4a81-8a02-8ec476083ffb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272101" ID-ZooBank="08E63512-49DB-495C-83FC-CDF206A516CF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470983924873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gordon, Cat A., Hood, Ali R. &amp; Ellis, Jim R." docDate="2016" docId="03C2E354FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFD5A59BF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4150.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4150 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rostroraja alba Lacepede 1803" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="271" masterDocId="FFFB9B2CFFCEFFCAFFDEFFB5FFF25D59" masterDocTitle="Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="271" updateTime="1698381824525" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6135B6D046A2844563BEB3B7B92BE34C">Descriptions and revised key to the eggcases of the skates (Rajiformes: Rajidae) and catsharks (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) of the British Isles</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="524744ACC5A7BCB0276006BD1040186A">Gordon, Cat A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC81EFBD95A66756F014C2ED27FD64D5">Hood, Ali R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C2E354FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFD5A59BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631374" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124329259" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFD5A59BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2E354FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFD5A59BF" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFDDF5CD3" box="[151,557,367,394]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFDDF5CD3" blockId="16.[151,557,367,394]" box="[151,557,367,394]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
<heading id="D09CE52EFFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFDDF5CD3" bold="true" box="[151,557,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFDDF5CD3" ID-CoL="4TFRS" authority="Lacepede, 1803" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[151,557,367,394]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Rostroraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFDDF5CD3" bold="true" box="[151,557,367,394]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFEA15CD0" bold="true" box="[151,339,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Rostroraja alba</emphasis>
(Lacepede, 1803)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDEFFDAFF49FE03FDAD5FDA" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDEFFDAFF49FE03FDAD5FDA" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF49FE03FEC25C96" bold="true" box="[151,304,438,463]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Distribution.</emphasis>
The biogeographic range of white skate (
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFCCCFE02FC975C97" box="[786,869,438,462]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Rostroraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFCCCFE02FC975C97" box="[786,869,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">R. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) extends from the southern British Isles to
<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFA85FE03FF105CAA" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, including the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDEFFDAFDA4FE6FFC425CAA" author="Stehmann" box="[634,944,474,499]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" refString="Stehmann, M. F. W. &amp; Burkel D. L. (1984). Rajidae. In: Whitehead P. J. P., Bauchot, M. - L., Hureaun, J. - C., Nielsen, J. &amp; Tortonese, E. (Eds) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. I. pp. 163 - 196. UNESCO, Paris, 163 - 196." type="book chapter" year="1984">Stehmann &amp; Bürkel, 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDEFFDAFC61FE6EFB525CAA" author="Serena" box="[959,1184,475,499]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" refString="Serena, F., Mancusi, C. &amp; Barone, M. (2010) Field identification guide to the skates (Rajidae) of the Mediterranean Sea. Guidelines for data collection and analysis. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 17 (Supplement 2), 204 pp." type="book" year="2010">
Serena
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFBC8FE6EFBAB5CAA" box="[1046,1113,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">et al.,</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). This species is now exceedingly rare in northern European seas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDEFFDAFD56FE4AFC895F4E" author="Rogers" box="[648,891,510,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" refString="Rogers, S. I. &amp; Ellis, J. R. (2000) Changes in the demersal fish assemblages of British coastal waters during the 20 th century. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57, 866 - 881. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / jmsc. 2000.0574" type="journal article" year="2000">Rogers &amp; Ellis, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Consequently, few verified eggcases have been reported by the Great Eggcase Hunt. Most verified records have been received from southwest
<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFB02FD97FADC5F62" box="[1244,1326,546,571]" name="Ireland" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Ireland</collectingCountry>
, however single specimens have also been verified by photograph from the north coast of
<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFDEFFDAFB8BFDF2FB525F07" box="[1109,1184,583,606]" country="United Kingdom" name="Devon" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Devon</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFB6DFDF3FAE45F06" box="[1203,1302,582,607]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">England</collectingCountry>
), Peterhead (
<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFF40FDDFFEF15FDA" box="[158,259,618,643]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Scotland</collectingCountry>
) and Fair Isle (Northern Isles).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDEFFDAFF19FD3BFBD65FB6" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDEFFDAFF19FD3BFBD65FB6" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
<materialsCitation id="3B03581FFFDEFFDAFF19FD3BFBD65FB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291550998" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Ireland" county="Great Eggcase Hunt" location="Material" municipality="Three" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="County Kerry">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF19FD3BFE4A5FFE" bold="true" box="[199,440,654,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
<location id="8EB40499FFDEFFDAFF19FD3BFEDD5FFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFD5A59BF:8EB40499FFDEFFDAFF19FD3BFEDD5FFE" box="[199,303,654,679]" country="Ireland" county="Great Eggcase Hunt" municipality="Three" name="Material" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" stateProvince="County Kerry">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EB40499FFDEFFDAFE16FD3BFDF25FFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2E354FFDEFFDAFF49FEDAFD5A59BF:8EB40499FFDEFFDAFE16FD3BFDF25FFE" box="[456,512,654,679]" country="Ireland" county="Great Eggcase Hunt" municipality="Three" name="Only" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" stateProvince="County Kerry">Only</location>
five specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFD2AFD3AFCBC5FFF" box="[756,846,654,678]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Rostroraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFD2AFD3AFCBC5FFF" box="[756,846,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">R. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggcases were available for examination.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB0C838FFDEFFDAFA85FD3BFA6E5FFE" box="[1371,1436,654,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Three</collectingMunicipality>
specimens were submitted to the
<collectingCounty id="62B52ACEFFDEFFDAFDC1FD06FCFA5F93" box="[543,776,691,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Great Eggcase Hunt</collectingCounty>
from
<collectingRegion id="49AF9CA0FFDEFFDAFC8BFD06FC075F92" box="[853,1013,691,715]" country="Ireland" name="Kerry" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">County Kerry</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFBDAFD07FBA45F92" box="[1028,1110,690,715]" name="Ireland" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Ireland</collectingCountry>
, and single specimens were examined from a museum collection (
<collectionCode id="ED7ACA87FFDEFFDAFDE0FD62FD665FB6" box="[574,660,727,751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">BMNH</collectionCode>
98.2.26.33) and a public aquarium.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDEFFDAFF19FD4FFB3D5922" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDEFFDAFF19FD4FFB3D5922" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF19FD4FFEAB5E4A" bold="true" box="[199,345,762,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Description.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFEBFFD4EFE465E4A" box="[353,436,763,787]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Rostroraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFEBFFD4EFE465E4A" box="[353,436,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">R. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a very large eggcase (
<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFDEFFDAFD38FD4FFCBB5E4A" box="[742,841,762,787]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eggcases of (a) Raja microocellata and (b) Rostroraja alba." pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Figure 6</figureCitation>
b), with a mean eggcase length of 148.1 ±
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDEFFDAFAE9FD4EFA6F5E4B" box="[1335,1437,763,787]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="24.2">24.2 mm</quantity>
(127.8190.0 mm), total eggcase length of
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDEFFDAFDA9FCABFCFE5E6F" box="[631,780,798,823]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8899999999999997" metricValueMax="5.0600000000000005" metricValueMin="2.7199999999999998" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="389.0" valueMax="506.0" valueMin="272.0">272506 mm</quantity>
when horns are fully extended and eggcase width of 126.7 ±
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDEFFDAFF6DFCF6FEEF5E03" box="[179,285,835,859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="17.8">17.8 mm</quantity>
(104.3145.0 mm). One historic specimen measured (BMNH 98.2.26.33) was particularly large, measuring 190.0 mm without horns, and 506.0 mm with horns fully extended. The eggcase is distinctly convex on the dorsal side and almost flattened on the ventral. The capsule surface is striated with densely-packed, fine, longitudinal ridges; on occasion the transverse ridges are more pronounced, giving a beaded and lattice-like appearance (
<figureCitation id="13504EC7FFDEFFDAFEFAFC67FE775EB2" box="[292,389,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1061,1083]" captionTargetBox="[328,1256,306,1035]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[325,1262,301,1040]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Eggcase capsule surface structures for (a) Amblyraja radiata (b) Dipturus batis (c) Raja clavata (d) Rostroraja alba (taken with USB Digital Microscope)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272104/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Figure 3</figureCitation>
d). Attachment filaments are usually absent in strandline specimens although may be present in freshly laid specimens. The thick lateral keels are striated longitudinally and run the length of the eggcase. Given the size of the eggcase, the anterior and posterior aprons are both surprisingly shallow. The keels taper into long, ribbon-like anterior horns which curve inwards towards each other while the posterior horns are relatively short, each terminating with a distinct hook which is orientated towards the flat surface of the eggcase.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37101C9FFDEFFDAFF19FB33FD5A59BF" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD45242FFDEFFDAFF19FB33FD5A59BF" blockId="16.[151,1437,438,1255]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFF19FB33FEC959C6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1158,1183]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Remarks.</emphasis>
Along with
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFE1BFB32FD3E59C7" box="[453,716,1158,1183]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Dipturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFE1BFB32FDDB59C7" box="[453,553,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">Dipturus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFD8DFB33FD3E59C7" box="[595,716,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this is one of the largest eggcases found in
<collectingCountry id="F37C12D2FFDEFFDAFB6BFB32FB2F59C7" box="[1205,1245,1159,1182]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">UK</collectingCountry>
and Irish waters.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA2FB3FFDEFFDAFF49FB1FFEEE599A" author="Holt" box="[151,284,1194,1219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" refString="Holt, E. W. (1898) The &quot; Bottle-nose Ray &quot; (? R. alba, Lacep.) and its egg-purse. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 5, 181 - 183. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400010730" type="journal article" year="1898">Holt (1898)</bibRefCitation>
described the eggcase of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B29C1FFDEFFDAFD99FB1EFD68599A" box="[583,666,1195,1219]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Rostroraja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B91F8E50FFDEFFDAFD99FB1EFD68599A" box="[583,666,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="271">R. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, citing a midline eggcase length of
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDEFFDAFBE6FB1EFB6B599B" box="[1080,1177,1195,1219]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="174.0">174 mm</quantity>
, eggcase width of
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDEFFDAFAACFB1EFF3759BF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="138.0">138 mm</quantity>
, and with the capsule
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDEFFDAFE63FB7AFDE859BF" box="[445,538,1231,1255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="133.0">133 mm</quantity>
by
<quantity id="4C93FFA7FFDEFFDAFD9DFB7BFD5159BF" box="[579,675,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="16" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="105.0">105 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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