treatments-xml/data/03/BD/26/03BD26229050FF8AFF7114CAEB81F872.xml

<document id="D2F75A632D371B0BE9C611870B8608AD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177263" ID-GBIF-Dataset="650b56e4-c654-4c0e-9619-de1282357922" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177263" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459854598501" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rios-López, Neftalí &amp; Thomas, Richard" docDate="2007" docId="03BD26229050FF8AFF7114CAEB81F872" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01512p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1512" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi Rios-López &amp; Thomas, 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="FF845E5A9052FF80FFE61535EB58FFE1" masterDocTitle="A new species of palustrine Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Puerto Rico" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698225657515" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5FDEB3BFAF9FDB0FA35B6AA169104CDE">A new species of palustrine Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Puerto Rico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F568437A7CD115CAB82EC580BFF8B250">Rios-López, Neftalí</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="CD64D0C5817DA9416098B8B3A94541C8">2007</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0E320589050FF82FF7114CAE939FDF8" bold="true" box="[151,609,511,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9604B269050FF82FF7114CAE939FDF8" bold="true" box="[151,609,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79050FF82FF7114CAE948FDF8" ID-CoL="399D9" box="[151,528,511,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9604B269050FF82FF7114CAE948FDF8" bold="true" box="[151,528,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A253F65D9050FF82FDF814CAE939FDF8" box="[542,609,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349050FF82FF711717EA0CFDDD" blockId="2.[151,609,511,572]" box="[151,340,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
(
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19050FF82FF791717EBBFFDDD" box="[159,231,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[486,1100,829,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[486,1100,829,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (female) on a willdenow’s maiden fern (Thelypteris interrupta) from the type locality (A) (specimen number unavailable). Scale bar 5 mm. Dorsal view of E. juanariveroi showing reversed comma pattern (B) (KU 306997, holotype). Pupil shape with ‘ + ’ pattern (insert, specimen number unavailable)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177265/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C696A28F9050FF82FF121717EA11FDDD" box="[244,329,546,572]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,311,335]" captionText="TABLE 1. Range of measured characters (in mm) followed by mean and standard deviation in parentheses. For abbreviations, see Materials and methods." pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30EC4BF9050FF83FF711747EA8DFE2B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349050FF82FF711747E870FCE5" blockId="2.[151,1436,626,772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus id="54AF29969050FF82FF711747EA5BFD6A" box="[151,259,626,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9604B269050FF82FF711747EA5BFD6A" box="[151,259,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: KU 306997, an adult female collected at Sabana Seca, Toa Baja Municipality (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19050FF82FB541747EFA2FD6D" box="[1202,1274,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[486,1100,829,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[486,1100,829,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (female) on a willdenow’s maiden fern (Thelypteris interrupta) from the type locality (A) (specimen number unavailable). Scale bar 5 mm. Dorsal view of E. juanariveroi showing reversed comma pattern (B) (KU 306997, holotype). Pupil shape with ‘ + ’ pattern (insert, specimen number unavailable)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177265/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), in a seasonally flooded herbaceous wetland in the vicinity of the 
<collectingCountry id="F303D7A49050FF82FCEC17AFE868FD55" box="[778,816,666,692]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">US</collectingCountry>
Naval Security Group Activity Sabana Seca (USNS- 
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) and the Caribbean Primate Research Center, 
<collectingCountry id="F303D7A49050FF82FCC417F7E8E9FD3D" box="[802,945,706,732]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
(
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE20F1F39050FF82FB9517F7EE4FFD3D" box="[1139,1303,706,732]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="1" value="-66.20153">66°12.092’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD19050FF82FAD617F7EEC4FD3D" box="[1328,1436,706,732]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</quantity>
elevation, by N. Rios and R. Thomas on 
<date id="FFAAB1F49050FF82FD9217DFE87CFCE5" box="[628,804,746,772]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" value="2005-08-02">2 August 2005</date>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6BC7BC9050FF82FF7112BEEE67F80E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177265/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[486,1100,829,1906]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349050FF82FF7112BEEE67F80E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1931,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B9604B269050FF82FF7112BEEA42F842" bold="true" box="[151,282,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Live 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79050FF82FEBA12B9E9F2F842" box="[348,682,1932,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269050FF82FEBA12B9E9F2F842" box="[348,682,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female) on a willdenow’s maiden fern (
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79050FF82FB8C12B9EE0FF842" box="[1130,1367,1932,1955]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B9604B269050FF82FB8C12B9EE0FF842" box="[1130,1367,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Thelypteris interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from the type locality (A) (specimen number unavailable). Scale bar 5 mm. Dorsal view of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79050FF82FBD01287EF80F828" box="[1078,1240,1970,1993]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269050FF82FBD01287EF80F828" box="[1078,1240,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing reversed comma pattern (B) (KU 306997, holotype). Pupil shape with ‘+’ pattern (insert, specimen number unavailable).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349051FF83FF2315ADEA8DFE2B" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus id="54AF29969051FF83FF2315ADEA64FF50" box="[197,316,152,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FF2315ADEA64FF50" box="[197,316,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: 45 (
<specimenCount id="9D125CBD9051FF83FE9E15ADEAA4FF53" box="[376,508,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="female">26 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D125CBD9051FF83FDEE15ADE92CFF53" box="[520,628,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="male">18 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D125CBD9051FF83FD6615ADE9A2FF53" box="[640,762,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
). Females (KU 306998–99, 
<collectionCode id="ED050FF19051FF83FBA215ADEFF1FF53" box="[1092,1193,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">USNMS</collectionCode>
563626-28, 
<collectionCode id="ED050FF19051FF83FAD915ADEEC4FF53" box="[1343,1436,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qej6-3p4d" name="University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">UPRRP</collectionCode>
6340–2, 
<collectionCode id="ED050FF19051FF83FEE615F5EA05FF3B" box="[256,349,192,218]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qej6-3p4d" name="University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">UPRRP</collectionCode>
6343, 
<collectionCode id="ED050FF19051FF83FE5515F5E948FF3B" box="[435,528,192,218]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qej6-3p4d" name="University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">UPRRP</collectionCode>
6348–9, 
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6351–4, 
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6356–7, 
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6359, 
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6360–2, 
<collectionCode id="ED050FF19051FF83FF7115DDEBACFEE3" box="[151,244,232,258]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qej6-3p4d" name="University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">UPRRP</collectionCode>
6365, 
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6367–9, and RT 14535 [Richard Thomas, private collection]), males (KU 307000–02, 
<collectionCode id="ED050FF19051FF83FF711425EBB4FECB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,236,272,298]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">USNM</collectionCode>
563623–25, 
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6344–7, 
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6350, 
<collectionCode id="ED050FF19051FF83FCED1425E830FECB" box="[779,872,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qej6-3p4d" name="University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">UPRRP</collectionCode>
6355, 
<collectionCode id="ED050FF19051FF83FC5B1425EF42FECB" box="[957,1050,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qej6-3p4d" name="University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">UPRRP</collectionCode>
6358, 
<collectionCode id="ED050FF19051FF83FB961425EF95FECB" box="[1136,1229,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qej6-3p4d" name="University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">UPRRP</collectionCode>
6363–4, 
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6366, 
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6370, and RT 14501), juvenile (
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6371), all from the vicinity of the USNSGASS, the Caribbean Primate Research Center, and the public lands in the Toa Baja Municipality, 
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, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE20F1F39051FF83FEA514BDEA86FE43" box="[323,478,392,418]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="18.43545">18°26.127’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE20F1F39051FF83FE0A14BDE9D3FE43" box="[492,651,392,418]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="-66.20153">66°12.092’W</geoCoordinate>
, N. Rios and R. Thomas, 
<date id="FFAAB1F49051FF83FC2214BDEF39FE43" box="[964,1121,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" value="2005-07-30">30 July 2005</date>
, 
<date id="FFAAB1F49051FF83FB8914BDEE79FE43" box="[1135,1313,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" value="2005-08-02">2 August 2005</date>
, 
<date id="FFAAB1F49051FF83FAC914BDEB8CFE2B" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" value="2005-08-03">3 August 2005</date>
, and 
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30EC4BF9051FF87FF2314E2EFCEFE9B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349051FF83FF2314E2EBB2FB0B" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FF2314E2EA1CFE10" bold="true" box="[197,324,471,497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A member of the West Indian subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FCCC14EDE8A6FE10" box="[810,1022,472,497]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FCCC14EDE8A6FE10" box="[810,1022,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FBEB14EDEFCAFE10" box="[1037,1170,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">auriculatus</emphasis>
section, 
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FB1814EDEEC3FE10" box="[1278,1435,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">martinicensis</emphasis>
series (sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC59051FF83FED31735EA81FDFB" author="Hedges" box="[309,473,512,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Hedges, S. B. (1989) Evolution and biogeography of West Indian frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus: slow-evolving loci and the major groups. In: Woods, C. A. (Ed), Biogeography of the West Indies, Past, Present, and Future. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida. pp. 303 - 369." type="book chapter" year="1989">Hedges, 1989</bibRefCitation>
) having extensive dorsal skin glandularity (Fig. 3), minute vomerine teeth, a distinctive carpal element (see description), a unique high-pitched call, and a palustrine habitat. Males have an external single subgular vocal sac, absent in females; nuptial pads absent. Pupil horizontally elliptical with two thin, sharp vertical slits, black colored below and above the mid portion of pupil, resulting in a ‘+’, sometimes only the inferior slit is clearly visible resulting in a ‘T’ (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19051FF83FC8F1795E8E9FD5B" box="[873,945,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[486,1100,829,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[486,1100,829,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (female) on a willdenow’s maiden fern (Thelypteris interrupta) from the type locality (A) (specimen number unavailable). Scale bar 5 mm. Dorsal view of E. juanariveroi showing reversed comma pattern (B) (KU 306997, holotype). Pupil shape with ‘ + ’ pattern (insert, specimen number unavailable)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177265/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The digital disks are small and spatulate as opposed to widening abruptly from the base of the pad. The terminal phalanges are nearly T-shaped, clearly visible in finger III and Toe IV, but only with minute lateral projections of the terminal phalanges; rest of phalanges knobbed clearly visible in finger I of 
<typeStatus id="54AF29969051FF83FD27162DE870FCD3" box="[705,808,792,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(KU 306997), although terminal transverse groove across the tip of the digital pad visible in external view. Large carpal element (fused carpals 2+3) with pronounced ventral spine and emargination (the equivalent structure in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FC58165DEF69FC60" box="[958,1073,872,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FC58165DEF69FC60" box="[958,1073,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being more solid and rounded with a minute spine). Eyelid tubercles absent; dorso-lateral folds absent. Ulnar tubercles absent; thenar tubercle elevated, elliptical, about the same size as pad in finger I; subarticular tubercles rounded; few minute supernumerary tubercles on proximal segments of fingers; a few minute centrally grouped supernumerary palmar tubercles; fingers lacking lateral fringes; relative length of fingers 1=2&lt;4&lt;3; disk of fingers small, spatulate not widening abruptly (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19051FF83FE0A1105E96FFBAB" box="[492,567,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[198,1394,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1400,194,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi, KU 306997. Palmar view of hand (A) and plantar view of foot (B). Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). Heel tubercles few, small, rounded, elevated; tarsal fold and lateral fringes of the toes absent; metatarsal tubercle rounded; subarticular tubercles rounded and slightly larger than palmar; supernumerary plantar tubercles present on proximal segments of toes; sole with a few minute irregularly scattered plantar tubercles; relative lengths of toes 1&lt;2&lt;3=5&lt;4 (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19051FF83FC05119DEF77FB23" box="[995,1071,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[198,1394,206,1108]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1400,194,1116]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi, KU 306997. Palmar view of hand (A) and plantar view of foot (B). Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177266/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Finger webs and toe webs absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349051FF84FF2311CDE867FEE3" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,258]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
The closest relative of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FE3111CDE9D3FAF0" box="[471,651,1272,1297]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FE3111CDE9D3FAF0" box="[471,651,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FD5711CDE87DFAF0" box="[689,805,1272,1297]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FD5711CDE87DFAF0" box="[689,805,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it agrees in size and proportions (Fig. 3, 
<tableCitation id="C696A28F9051FF83FF711015EBA0FADB" box="[151,248,1312,1338]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,311,335]" captionText="TABLE 1. Range of measured characters (in mm) followed by mean and standard deviation in parentheses. For abbreviations, see Materials and methods." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Tables 1</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="C696A28F9051FF83FED71015EA1AFADB" box="[305,322,1312,1338]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1191,1215]" captionTargetBox="[159,1384,1360,1503]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Body proportions (mean ± SD) of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi and Eleutherodactylus gryllus that showed significant differences at α = 0.05 and α = 0.10. Significant variables (TYW / IN and TiL / TaL) were extracted from NMDS multivariate analysis. Data for males and females were analyzed separately; Mann-Whitney U-Test." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5">2</tableCitation>
), skin glandularity and fundamental call note. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FC3F1015EFD2FAD8" box="[985,1162,1312,1337]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FC3F1015EFD2FAD8" box="[985,1162,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller than 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FAA51015EBE1FA80" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FAA51015EBE1FA80" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SVL in mm: males, 14.7 females 15.8 vs. 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FD23107DE861FA80" box="[709,825,1352,1377]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FD23107DE861FA80" box="[709,825,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males 15.7 and females 16.4) (
<tableCitation id="C696A28F9051FF83FB49107DEE51FA83" box="[1199,1289,1352,1378]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,311,335]" captionText="TABLE 1. Range of measured characters (in mm) followed by mean and standard deviation in parentheses. For abbreviations, see Materials and methods." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Table 1</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="C696A28F9051FF83FAA0107DEE0FFA83" box="[1350,1367,1352,1378]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1191,1215]" captionTargetBox="[159,1384,1360,1503]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Body proportions (mean ± SD) of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi and Eleutherodactylus gryllus that showed significant differences at α = 0.05 and α = 0.10. Significant variables (TYW / IN and TiL / TaL) were extracted from NMDS multivariate analysis. Data for males and females were analyzed separately; Mann-Whitney U-Test." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5">2</tableCitation>
). The nares are prominent, and a ridge connects them behind the snout tip, giving it a somewhat squared-off appearance (Fig. 3A). On the other hand, the nares are less prominent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FC4810ADEF79FA50" box="[942,1057,1432,1457]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FC4810ADEF79FA50" box="[942,1057,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the loreal surface is steeper on the average (65–79°) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FE2410F5E92FFA38" box="[450,631,1472,1497]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FE2410F5E92FFA38" box="[450,631,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FCA710F5E8EEFA38" box="[833,950,1472,1497]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FCA710F5E8EEFA38" box="[833,950,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(51–67°); the loreal surface has a midindentation, which is not so pronounced in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FD7910DDE84BF9E0" box="[671,787,1512,1537]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FD7910DDE84BF9E0" box="[671,787,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The vomerine teeth are minute (2–3 teeth in UPRRP 6358) or absent (UPRRP 6341); the vomerine teeth of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FCCF1325E8C5F9C8" box="[809,925,1552,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FCCF1325E8C5F9C8" box="[809,925,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are small, but always visible (2–3 teeth in UPRRP 6373 and UPRRP 6374). The large carpal element (fused 2+3) is sculptured and emarginated ventrally, much more so than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FE0C1355E904F998" box="[490,604,1632,1657]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FE0C1355E904F998" box="[490,604,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Glands in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FD021355E8CFF998" box="[740,919,1632,1657]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FD021355E8CFF998" box="[740,919,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly discernible on both external and internal examination (KU 306998) while glands in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FD0813BDE807F940" box="[750,863,1672,1697]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FD0813BDE807F940" box="[750,863,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can only be verified by examining the inner surface of the skin (UPRRP 6372); glands are heavier and more extensive over the posterior angle of the head (supra-axillary gland, parotoid glands sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC59051FF83FD4513EDE81DF913" author="Lynch" box="[675,837,1752,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1971) Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of leptodactylid frogs. Miscellaneous Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 53, 1 - 238." type="journal article" year="1971">Lynch [1971]</bibRefCitation>
), body (flanks-lumbar-inguinal) and hind leg (dorsal side of thighs, tibiae, and tarsi) in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FDB71235E85CF8F8" box="[593,772,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FDB71235E85CF8F8" box="[593,772,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FC821235E88EF8F8" box="[868,982,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FC821235E88EF8F8" box="[868,982,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 3B); gular glands prominent and more extensive in females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FE08121DE9C7F8A0" box="[494,671,1832,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FE08121DE9C7F8A0" box="[494,671,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FD1B121DE836F8A0" box="[765,878,1832,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FD1B121DE836F8A0" box="[765,878,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19051FF83FC98121DE89BF8A3" box="[894,963,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[468,1120,422,1114]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[464,1123,422,1114]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of E. juanariveroi (left, holotype, KU 306997) and E. gryllus (right, UPRRP 6374): glands in gular region (arrows), scale bar 1 mm (A), cleared-stained hyale apparatus (UPRRP 6341 and UPRRP 6374) (B), and relative liver size and shape of liver (E. juanariveroi UPRRP 6358 and E. gryllus UPRRP 6373) with arrows highlighting small-sized left lobe of liver (C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177267/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A); the hyoid plate is narrower in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FAAA121DEA5BF888" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FAAA121DEA5BF888" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FE841265EA8CF888" box="[354,468,1872,1897]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FE841265EA8CF888" box="[354,468,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19051FF83FE021265E972F88B" box="[484,554,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[468,1120,422,1114]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[464,1123,422,1114]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of E. juanariveroi (left, holotype, KU 306997) and E. gryllus (right, UPRRP 6374): glands in gular region (arrows), scale bar 1 mm (A), cleared-stained hyale apparatus (UPRRP 6341 and UPRRP 6374) (B), and relative liver size and shape of liver (E. juanariveroi UPRRP 6358 and E. gryllus UPRRP 6373) with arrows highlighting small-sized left lobe of liver (C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177267/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
b); left lobe of liver short and rounded, significantly smaller than right lobe compared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FEA8124DEA99F870" box="[334,449,1912,1937]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FEA8124DEA99F870" box="[334,449,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19051FF83FE34124DE941F873" box="[466,537,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[468,1120,422,1114]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[464,1123,422,1114]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of E. juanariveroi (left, holotype, KU 306997) and E. gryllus (right, UPRRP 6374): glands in gular region (arrows), scale bar 1 mm (A), cleared-stained hyale apparatus (UPRRP 6341 and UPRRP 6374) (B), and relative liver size and shape of liver (E. juanariveroi UPRRP 6358 and E. gryllus UPRRP 6373) with arrows highlighting small-sized left lobe of liver (C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177267/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C); the ventral skin is unpigmented or with a very light stippling of melanophores and is smooth to weakly areolate in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FD561295E83DF858" box="[688,869,1952,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FD561295E83DF858" box="[688,869,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pigmented, slightly glandular, and with more prominent areolae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79051FF83FE7B12FDE94BF800" box="[413,531,1992,2017]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269051FF83FE7B12FDE94BF800" box="[413,531,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The relationship between tympanum width and inter-narial distance and between tibio-fibula length and tarsal length are significantly smaller than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FBD015ADEFF1FF50" box="[1078,1193,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FBD015ADEFF1FF50" box="[1078,1193,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see beyond, 
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FAB515ADE9C4FF38" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Multivariate comparison of morphological ratios</emphasis>
, for a detailed explanation on how we identified diagnostic morphological ratios and assessed the statistical significance).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711402E95FFE90" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349056FF84FF711402E95FFE90" blockId="4.[151,1436,311,369]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FF711402EA51FEAE" bold="true" box="[151,265,311,335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Range of measured characters (in mm) followed by mean and standard deviation in parentheses. For abbreviations, see Materials and methods.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349056FF84FEE214A7EF00FE48" blockId="4.[159,1402,402,1116]" box="[260,1112,402,425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FEE214A7EF00FE48" box="[260,1112,402,425]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FEE214A7E917FE48" box="[260,591,402,425]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FCA014A7EF00FE48" box="[838,1112,402,425]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">Eleutherodactylus gryllus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349056FF84FEE21488EE73FE35" blockId="4.[159,1402,402,1116]" box="[260,1323,445,468]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Males (N = 18) Females (N = 27) Males (N = 11) Females (N = 10)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349056FF84FF7914DDEF3FF86B" blockId="4.[159,1402,402,1116]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,1584,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
SVL 12.9–16.0 (14.66 ± 0.74) 12.1–17.3 (15.76 ± 1.21) 14.0–17.0 (15.65 ± 0.89) 14.1–17.9 (16.41 ± 1.18) HW 5.1–6.1 (5.61 ± 0.23) 4.7–6.5 (5.98 ± 0.39) 5.4–6.5 (6.07 ± 0.33) 5.7–7.1 (6.39 ± 0.44) HL 5.6–6.4 (5.95 ± 0.22) 5.4–7.8 (6.33 ± 0.48) 5.8–9.3 (6.83 ± 0.88) 6.3–7.4 (7.03 ± 0.41) UEW 0.9–1.4 (1.21 ± 0.11) 1.0–1.7 (1.27 ± 0.14) 1.1–1.7 (1.38 ± 0.17) 1.2–1.5 (1.38 ± 0.10) IOD 1.7–2.0 (1.82 ± 0.08) 1.4–2.3 (1.97 ± 0.18) 1.7–2.2 (2.00 ± 0.20) 1.8–2.4 (2.17 ± 0.21) TYW 0.6–1.0 (0.81 ± 0.09) 0.5–1.2 (0.95 ± 0.14) 0.8–1.1 (1.00 ± 0.09) 0.8–1.3 (1.09 ± 0.13) IN 1.3–1.5 (1.43 ± 0.08) 1.2–1.7 (1.51 ± 0.10) 1.3–1.7 (1.51 ± 0.12) 1.4–1.7 (1.60 ± 0.10) EL 2.1–2.6 (2.27 ± 0.14) 2.0–2.8 (2.36 ± 0.19) 2.3–3.0 (2.60 ± 0.25) 2.3–3.0 (2.73 ± 0.24) EN 1.3–1.7 (1.52 ± 0.09) 1.4–2.2 (1.70 ± 0.15) 1.6–2.1 (1.78 ± 0.15) 1.7–2.1 (1.93 ± 0.12) FD III 0.6–0.7 (0.67 ± 0.05) 0.5–0.9 (0.73 ± 0.08) 0.6–1.0 (0.76 ± 0.11) 0.6–0.9 (0.77 ± 0.08) FDB III 0.4–0.5 (0.44 ± 0.04) 0.4–0.6 (0.45 ± 0.04) 0.4–0.5 (0.44 ± 0.04) 0.4–0.5 (0.43 ± 0.03) TD IV 0.5–0.8 (0.67 ± 0.07) 0.5–0.9 (0.74 ± 0.09) 0.6–1.0 (0.78 ± 0.12) 0.6–0.9 (0.77 ± 0.10) FL 5.7–7.3 (6.59 ± 0.42) 5.4–7.5 (6.99 ± 0.46) 6.4–7.6 (7.00 ± 0.44) 6.5–8.9 (7.71 ± 0.63) TiL 5.9–7.2 (6.45 ± 0.33) 5.5–7.6 (6.99 ± 0.51) 6.6–8.7 (7.26 ± 0.60) 6.7–8.6 (7.70 ± 0.56) TaL 3.5–4.0 (3.84 ± 0.14) 3.3–4.6 (4.10 ± 0.28) 3.9–5.5 (4.48 ± 0.46) 3.9–5.1 (4.71 ± 0.35) Males Females The dorsal coloration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FE121305E83CF9A8" box="[500,868,1584,1609]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FE121305E83CF9A8" box="[500,868,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in life is yellow to yellowish brown (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19056FF84FAD01305EE27F9AB" box="[1334,1407,1584,1610]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[486,1100,829,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[486,1100,829,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (female) on a willdenow’s maiden fern (Thelypteris interrupta) from the type locality (A) (specimen number unavailable). Scale bar 5 mm. Dorsal view of E. juanariveroi showing reversed comma pattern (B) (KU 306997, holotype). Pupil shape with ‘ + ’ pattern (insert, specimen number unavailable)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177265/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B) with a light, longitudinal, reversed comma mark on each side, lateral to the dorsal pigmented zone, with the head of the comma lying over the supra-axillary (parotoid) gland; the dorsal pigmented zone itself bifurcates, each branch being broad and fading, usually defining part of the cephalic triangle and not forming the sharp, well-defined “tines” of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FE4F13E5E942F908" box="[425,538,1744,1769]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FE4F13E5E942F908" box="[425,538,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the pattern is generally non-contrasting, versus a strongly contrasting dorsal pattern in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FEF613CDEADBF8F0" box="[272,387,1784,1809]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FEF613CDEADBF8F0" box="[272,387,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that may include reversed parenthesis marks and occasionally a bold yellow mid-dorsal stripe (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19056FF84FF0E1215EA77F8DB" box="[232,303,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[486,1100,829,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[486,1100,829,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (female) on a willdenow’s maiden fern (Thelypteris interrupta) from the type locality (A) (specimen number unavailable). Scale bar 5 mm. Dorsal view of E. juanariveroi showing reversed comma pattern (B) (KU 306997, holotype). Pupil shape with ‘ + ’ pattern (insert, specimen number unavailable)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177265/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC59056FF84FEB71215EABBF8DB" author="Joglar" box="[337,483,1824,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Joglar, R. L. (1998) Los coquies de Puerto Rico: su historia natural y conservacion. University of Puerto Rico Press, Puerto Rico. 232 pp." type="book" year="1998">Joglar, 1998</bibRefCitation>
, Figs. 4.11–4.12; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC59056FF84FD521215E817F8DB" author="Rivero" box="[692,847,1824,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="64" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1998) The amphibians and reptiles of Puerto Rico. University of Puerto Rico Press, Puerto Rico. 510 pp." type="book" year="1998">Rivero, 1998</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. XXV). 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FC3A1215EE10F8D8" box="[988,1352,1824,1849]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FC3A1215EE10F8D8" box="[988,1352,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other Puerto Rican species by an overall yellowish, non-contrasting coloration with a reversed comma pattern and a broadly bifurcated mid-dorsal zone (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19056FF84FC4C1245E8A3F86B" box="[938,1019,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[486,1100,829,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[486,1100,829,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (female) on a willdenow’s maiden fern (Thelypteris interrupta) from the type locality (A) (specimen number unavailable). Scale bar 5 mm. Dorsal view of E. juanariveroi showing reversed comma pattern (B) (KU 306997, holotype). Pupil shape with ‘ + ’ pattern (insert, specimen number unavailable)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177265/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
B and 6).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5" ID-Table-UUID="DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[159,1384,1360,1503]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5" blockId="4.[151,1436,1191,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FF711192EA51FB5E" bold="true" box="[151,265,1191,1215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Body proportions (mean ± SD) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FD64119DE896FB5E" box="[642,974,1192,1215]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FD64119DE896FB5E" box="[642,974,1192,1215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FBE5119DEE4DFB5E" box="[1027,1301,1192,1215]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FBE5119DEE4DFB5E" box="[1027,1301,1192,1215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Eleutherodactylus gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that showed significant differences at α = 0.05 and α = 0.10. Significant variables (TYW/IN and TiL/TaL) were extracted from NMDS multivariate analysis. Data for males and females were analyzed separately; Mann-Whitney U-Test.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349056FF84FED81065EE30FA3E" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<table id="F91465949056007FFF791065EE30FA3E" box="[159,1384,1360,1503]" gridcols="8" gridrows="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="352495769056007FFF791065EE30FA68" box="[159,1384,1360,1417]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76F5FC0A9056007FFED81065EAB8FA68" box="[318,480,1360,1417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FED81065EAB8FA86" box="[318,480,1360,1383]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FED81065EAB8FA86" box="[318,480,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(N = 18)
</th>
<th id="76F5FC0A9056007FFDE81065E9DFFA68" box="[526,647,1360,1417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FDE81065E92DFA86" box="[526,629,1360,1383]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FDE81065E92DFA86" box="[526,629,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(N = 10)
</th>
<th id="76F5FC0A9056007FFD211065E9AEFA68" box="[711,758,1360,1417]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Z</th>
<th id="76F5FC0A9056007FFCFA1065E801FA68" box="[796,857,1360,1417]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">P</th>
<th id="76F5FC0A9056007FFC611065EFEBFA68" box="[903,1203,1360,1417]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FC611065EFF8FA86" box="[903,1184,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FC611065EF71FA86" box="[903,1065,1360,1383]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">E. juanariveroi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FBDF1065EFF8FA86" box="[1081,1184,1360,1383]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">E. gryllus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(N = 27) (N = 9)
</th>
<th id="76F5FC0A9056007FFB041065EE49FA68" box="[1250,1297,1360,1417]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Z</th>
<th id="76F5FC0A9056007FFADF1065EE30FA68" box="[1337,1384,1360,1417]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">P</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352495769056007FFF7910A9EE30FA55" box="[159,1384,1436,1460]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F5FC0A9056007FFF7910A9EBA7FA55" box="[159,255,1436,1460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">TYW/IN</th>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFED810A9EAB8FA55" box="[318,480,1436,1460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">0.56 ± 0.06</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFDE810A9E9DFFA55" box="[526,647,1436,1460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">0.66 ± 0.07</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFD2110A9E9AEFA55" box="[711,758,1436,1460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">3.03</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFCFA10A9E801FA55" box="[796,857,1436,1460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
&lt;
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FCCD10A9E801FA55" bold="true" box="[811,857,1436,1460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">0.01</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFC6110A9EFEBFA55" box="[903,1203,1436,1460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">0.63 ± 0.07 0.68 ± 0.06</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFB0410A9EE49FA55" box="[1250,1297,1436,1460]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">1.60</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFADF10A9EE30FA55" box="[1337,1384,1436,1460]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">0.11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352495769056007FFF7910FDEE30FA3E" box="[159,1384,1480,1503]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F5FC0A9056007FFF7910FDEBA7FA3E" box="[159,255,1480,1503]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">TiL/TaL</th>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFED810FDEAB8FA3E" box="[318,480,1480,1503]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">1.68 ± 0.06</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFDE810FDE9DFFA3E" box="[526,647,1480,1503]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">1.64 ± 0.09</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFD2110FDE9AEFA3E" box="[711,758,1480,1503]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">1.66</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFCFA10FDE801FA3E" box="[796,857,1480,1503]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">0.09</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFC6110FDEFEBFA3E" box="[903,1203,1480,1503]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">1.70 ± 0.06 1.65 ± 0.07</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFB0410FDEE49FA3E" box="[1250,1297,1480,1503]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">1.34</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9056007FFADF10FDEE30FA3E" box="[1337,1384,1480,1503]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">0.18</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349056FF85FF2312ADE867FD03" blockId="4.[151,1436,1584,2010]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,738]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
The marks that we call inverted commas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FD2C12ADE824F850" box="[714,892,1944,1969]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FD2C12ADE824F850" box="[714,892,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be homologues of the inverted parenthesis marks of 
<emphasis id="B9604B269056FF84FECC12F5EAFAF838" box="[298,418,1984,2009]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79056FF84FECC12F5EAC6F838" box="[298,414,1984,2009]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">E. gryllus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but they could also be a modification of the entire lateral zone (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19056FF84FB6D12F5EF8AF83B" box="[1163,1234,1984,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[648,946,1330,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[630,958,1320,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of dorsal color pattern of E. juanariveroi with related species showing reversed comma pattern and basic similar coloration elements." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). However, these inverted commas may be a modification of the basic pattern elements of related species. Thus, in order to describe the color pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79057FF85FE0015F5E9CFFF38" box="[486,663,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269057FF85FE0015F5E9CFFF38" box="[486,663,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we relate it to the patterns of the other small Puerto Rican species (
<emphasis id="B9604B269057FF85FF4715DDE90DFEE0" box="[161,597,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79057FF85FF4715DDEA19FEE0" box="[161,321,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">E. cochranae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79057FF85FEA815DDEA96FEE0" box="[334,462,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eneidae">E. eneidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79057FF85FE3D15DDE909FEE0" box="[475,593,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">E. gryllus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79057FF85FD7715DDE84BFEE0" box="[657,787,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="locustus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269057FF85FD7715DDE84BFEE0" box="[657,787,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">E. locustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by identifying similar pattern elements (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19057FF85FAE515DDEE14FEE3" box="[1283,1356,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[648,946,1330,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[630,958,1320,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of dorsal color pattern of E. juanariveroi with related species showing reversed comma pattern and basic similar coloration elements." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
): (1) a dark mid-dorsal zone extending from roughly the sacral region to the head, usually narrowing gradually along the trunk and expanding again near the head, thus having curved indentations on either side, (2) a pair of light, narrow reversed parenthesis marks that closely follow the indentation in the mid-dorsal zone, (3) a bifurcation of the mid-dorsal zone near the head, producing two dark, diverging extensions that approach the posteromedial edge of each eyelid (in 
<emphasis id="B9604B269057FF85FDE21485E9E5FE28" box="[516,701,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79057FF85FDE21485E9E1FE28" box="[516,697,432,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">E. juanariveroi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
these are pale and broad), (4) a median head triangle, an apex of which projects caudad, fitting between the diverging extensions of the divided mid-dorsal zone, with the other two angles at each eye and side extending between the eyes (another pattern element that occurs in some of these species is a light midline stripe, but it is an occasional variant and is not found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79057FF85FB31171DEED2FDA0" box="[1239,1418,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269057FF85FB31171DEED2FDA0" box="[1239,1418,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). These pattern elements have been variously modified by adding or lessening of pigment in the different species (and are variable within species), but reversed parentheses are frequent. A further modification occurs when pigment bridges form between the lower parts of the “tines” of the fork to the caudad apex of the cephalic triangle, which results in a dark scapular ‘W’ (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19057FF85FD0F17FDE869FD03" box="[745,817,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[648,946,1330,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[630,958,1320,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of dorsal color pattern of E. juanariveroi with related species showing reversed comma pattern and basic similar coloration elements." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349057FF85FF711264EBA9F84C" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<table id="F91465949057007FFF711264EEC4F84C" box="[151,1436,1873,1965]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<tr id="352495769057007FFF711264EEC4F888" box="[151,1436,1873,1897]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76F5FC0A9057007FFF711264EAF6F888" box="[151,430,1873,1897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9604B269057FF85FF711264EA43F888" bold="true" box="[151,283,1873,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Comparative
</th>
<th id="76F5FC0A9057007FFE531264E89BF888" box="[437,963,1873,1897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
morphology of holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79057FF85FD021264E8DFF889" box="[740,903,1873,1896]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269057FF85FD021264E8DFF889" box="[740,903,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left,
</th>
<th id="76F5FC0A9057007FFC2C1264EEC4F888" box="[970,1436,1873,1897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
KU 306997) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79057FF85FB6D1264EFACF889" box="[1163,1268,1873,1896]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269057FF85FB6D1264EFACF889" box="[1163,1268,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(right, UPRRP
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352495769057007FFF711241EEC4F86A" box="[151,1436,1908,1931]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
<th id="76F5FC0A9057007FFF711241EAF6F86A" box="[151,430,1908,1931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">6372): canthus rostralis in</th>
<td id="76F5FC0A9057007FFE531241E89BF86A" box="[437,963,1908,1931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">dorsal view, scale bar 5 mm (A), distribution and</td>
<td id="76F5FC0A9057007FFC2C1241EEC4F86A" box="[970,1436,1908,1931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">shape of glands in dorsal view, scale bar 10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352495769057007FFF7112A3EEC4F84C" box="[151,1436,1942,1965]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76F5FC0A9057007FFF7112A3EAF6F84C" box="[151,430,1942,1965]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">mm (B).</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6BC7BC9054FF86FF711146EA2EFB4C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177266/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[198,1394,206,1108]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349054FF86FF711146EA2EFB4C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1139,1197]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FF711146EA41FB6A" bold="true" box="[151,281,1139,1163]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FE411141E9ABFB6A" box="[423,755,1140,1163]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FE411141E9ABFB6A" box="[423,755,1140,1163]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, KU 306997. Palmar view of hand (A) and plantar view of foot (B). Scale bar 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349054FF86FF2311D4E913F96A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1249,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
On some individuals of these related small species, particularly 
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FC5611D4EF61FB1B" box="[944,1081,1249,1274]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FC5611D4EF6CFB1B" box="[944,1076,1249,1274]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="locustus">E. locustus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the scapular ‘W’ and the light reversed parentheses may be the only pattern readily seen. Some of the components occur in frog species we have not mentioned; for example, 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FDCB1004E842FAAA" authority="Rivero" authorityName="Rivero" box="[557,794,1329,1355]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hedricki">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FDCB1004E9F7FAAB" box="[557,687,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. hedricki</emphasis>
(Rivero)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FCB31004E88AFAAB" box="[853,978,1329,1354]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eneidae">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FCB31004E88AFAAB" box="[853,978,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. eneidae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have the reversed parentheses. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FF71106CEA10FA93" box="[151,328,1369,1394]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FF71106CEA10FA93" box="[151,328,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pattern is much reduced in contrast; the reversed parenthesis marks are very wide; and the median dark zone is relatively light and the anterior branches broad; a well-developed scapular ‘W’ is not found. The result is a pair of light, longitudinal marks that curve laterally onto each side of the occiput, terminating with the large posterior head glands (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19054FF86FD4D10E4E9A6FA0A" box="[683,766,1489,1515]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[486,1100,829,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[486,1100,829,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (female) on a willdenow’s maiden fern (Thelypteris interrupta) from the type locality (A) (specimen number unavailable). Scale bar 5 mm. Dorsal view of E. juanariveroi showing reversed comma pattern (B) (KU 306997, holotype). Pupil shape with ‘ + ’ pattern (insert, specimen number unavailable)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177265/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
B and 6). Interior to these marks on many specimens is another pair of diverging, light longitudinal marks (the altered median dorsal zone and branches). Some individuals show only the light heads of the commas, the rest of the pattern being obscure; this results in a pattern of two ocelli over the area of the scapula on the back of the head (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19054FF86FC7E137CE8B8F982" box="[920,992,1609,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[648,946,1330,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[630,958,1320,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of dorsal color pattern of E. juanariveroi with related species showing reversed comma pattern and basic similar coloration elements." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177268/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), representing the most divergent pattern among this group of small frogs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349054FF86FF2313ACEEDAF8B2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1249,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
A light-brown inter-orbital band that extends to the tip of the snout is present in 16.3% of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FAE813ACEB9DF93B" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FAE813ACEB9DF93B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(clearly defined in KU 306999) and absent or rare in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FCD213F4E8FDF93B" box="[820,933,1729,1754]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FCD213F4E8FDF93B" box="[820,933,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(some specimens are so faded that it is difficult to discern the pattern). The legs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FD9313DCE87FF8E3" box="[629,807,1769,1794]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FD9313DCE87FF8E3" box="[629,807,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not have any cross bands; those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FB0A13DCEE06F8E3" box="[1260,1374,1769,1794]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FB0A13DCEE06F8E3" box="[1260,1374,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 1–2 hazy bands on the thigh and two on the shank. Although its call is related to that of 
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FB751224EE53F8CB" box="[1171,1291,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FB751224EE5FF8CB" box="[1171,1287,1809,1834]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">E. gryllus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
it is distinctive in its patterning and higher pitch (see 
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FD63120CE839F8B3" box="[645,865,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Advertisement call</emphasis>
for a detailed explanation on call parameters).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349054FF87FF231254EFCEFE9B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1249,2035]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
A Puerto Rican 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FE671254E90DF89B" box="[385,597,1889,1914]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FE671254E90DF89B" box="[385,597,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that may has morphological affinities with 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FBB01254EE50F89B" box="[1110,1288,1889,1914]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FBB01254EE50F89B" box="[1110,1288,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FAA41254EBE1F843" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FAA41254EBE1F843" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FF3B12BCEA17F843" box="[221,335,1929,1954]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jasperi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FF3B12BCEA17F843" box="[221,335,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FEB912BCE9D6F843" box="[351,654,1929,1954]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jasperi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FEB912BCE9D6F843" box="[351,654,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Eleutherodactylus jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has two pairs of lateral sub-dermal glands well developed on flanks and posterior surfaces of thighs (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC59054FF86FD8F1284E8D7F82A" author="Drewry" box="[617,911,1969,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Drewry, G. E. &amp; Jones, K. L. (1976) A new ovoviviparous frog, Eleutherodactylus jasperi (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae), from Puerto Rico. Journal of Herpetology, 10, 161 - 165." type="journal article" year="1976">Drewry and Jones, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). However, although 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FB6B1284EFA7F82B" box="[1165,1279,1969,1994]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jasperi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FB6B1284EFA7F82B" box="[1165,1279,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a yellow to yellow-brown body coloration in life, it differs dramatically from 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FC2F12ECEF24F813" box="[969,1148,2009,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FC2F12ECEF24F813" box="[969,1148,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79054FF86FB5E12ECEE73F813" box="[1208,1323,2009,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269054FF86FB5E12ECEE73F813" box="[1208,1323,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in reproduction (
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FEE615ADEA29FF50" box="[256,369,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jasperi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FEE615ADEA29FF50" box="[256,369,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is ovoviviparous, the other species are oviparous), body size (
<quantity id="4CEC3AD19055FF87FBAC15ADEF92FF53" box="[1098,1226,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="19.0">19–20 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FB0915ADEE39FF50" box="[1263,1377,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jasperi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FB0915ADEE39FF50" box="[1263,1377,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD19055FF87FA9615ADEBB1FF3B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14– 15 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FEE815F5EA98FF38" box="[270,448,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FEE815F5EA98FF38" box="[270,448,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD19055FF87FE2815F5E915FF3B" box="[462,589,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 mm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FD9415F5E9BBFF38" box="[626,739,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FD9415F5E9BBFF38" box="[626,739,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), acoustics (frequency of calls: 5 kHz in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FB2315F5EE6FFF38" box="[1221,1335,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jasperi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FB2315F5EE6FFF38" box="[1221,1335,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ~7 kHz in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FF5115DDEA72FEE0" box="[183,298,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FF5115DDEA72FEE0" box="[183,298,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ~ 
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<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FE6515DDE96FFEE0" box="[387,567,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FE6515DDE96FFEE0" box="[387,567,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), habits (
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FD4C15DDE846FEE0" box="[682,798,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jasperi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FD4C15DDE846FEE0" box="[682,798,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an obligate bromeliad-dwelling in somewhat xeric conditions in highlands, 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FE5E1425E932FEC8" box="[440,618,272,297]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FE5E1425E932FEC8" box="[440,618,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an obligate herbaceous-dwelling in palustrine lowland wetland [N. Rios, in prep.], 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FEB6140DEA9BFEB0" box="[336,451,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FEB6140DEA9BFEB0" box="[336,451,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is arboreal in highland wetland conditions), and geographic distribution. Additionally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FF291455EA19FE98" box="[207,321,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jasperi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FF291455EA19FE98" box="[207,321,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. jasperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks prevomerine teeth while 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FD561455E83AFE98" box="[688,866,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FD561455E83AFE98" box="[688,866,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FC7D1455EF55FE98" box="[923,1037,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FC7D1455EF55FE98" box="[923,1037,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6BC7BC9055FF87FF711146E995FB13" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177267/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[468,1120,422,1114]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349055FF87FF711146E995FB13" blockId="7.[151,1436,1139,1266]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FF711146EA44FB6A" bold="true" box="[151,284,1139,1163]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Comparative morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FD811146E854FB6B" box="[615,780,1139,1162]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FD811146E854FB6B" box="[615,780,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left, holotype, KU 306997) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FB601146EFA9FB6B" box="[1158,1265,1139,1162]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FB601146EFA9FB6B" box="[1158,1265,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(right, UPRRP 6374): glands in gular region (arrows), scale bar 1 mm (A), cleared-stained hyale apparatus (UPRRP 6341 and UPRRP 6374) (B), and relative liver size and shape of liver (
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FD3A118CE8D9FB31" box="[732,897,1209,1232]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FD3A118CE8D9FB31" box="[732,897,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
UPRRP 6358 and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FBB3118CEFE6FB31" box="[1109,1214,1209,1232]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FBB3118CEFE6FB31" box="[1109,1214,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
UPRRP 6373) with arrows highlighting small-sized left lobe of liver (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6BC7BC9055FF87FF71129EE973F807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177268/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[648,946,1330,1935]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349055FF87FF71129EE973F807" blockId="7.[151,1436,1963,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FF71129EEA42F822" bold="true" box="[151,282,1963,1987]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Comparison of dorsal color pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79055FF87FD5F1299E803F822" box="[697,859,1964,1987]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269055FF87FD5F1299E803F822" box="[697,859,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with related species showing reversed comma pattern and basic similar coloration elements.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6BC7BC905AFF88FF71105CEFABFA42" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177269/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" targetBox="[543,1047,210,1360]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BAB9734905AFF88FF71105CEFABFA42" blockId="8.[151,1436,1385,1443]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905AFF88FF71105CEA43FA60" bold="true" box="[151,283,1385,1409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Ordination scores of NMDS axis II plotted against axis I (A) and comparative morphometry of males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905AFF88FF7110B9EABAFA42" box="[151,482,1420,1443]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905AFF88FF7110B9EABAFA42" box="[151,482,1420,1443]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905AFF88FDF010B9E926FA42" box="[534,638,1420,1443]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905AFF88FDF010B9E926FA42" box="[534,638,1420,1443]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: IN plotted against TYW (B); TaL plotted against TiL (C).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30EC4BF905AFF89FF2310E3EFEFF9E3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB9734905AFF88FF2310E3E96EF8E9" blockId="8.[151,1437,1494,2000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905AFF88FF2310E3E820FA11" bold="true" box="[197,888,1494,1520]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
Measurements (in mm) and description of the 
<typeStatus id="54AF2996905AFF88FCE310E3E82AFA11" box="[773,882,1494,1520]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult female; SVL 16.7; head width 6.1; head length 6.7; upper eye lid width 1.1; inter-ocular distance 2.1; tympanum width 1.0; inter-narial distance 1.5; eye length 2.3; eye-tympanum distance 0.3; eye-naris distance 1.7; fingertip (III) width 0.8; toe tip (IV) width 0.9; femur length 7.5; tibia-fibula length 7.2; tarsal length 4.2. Inter-orbital band absent; gular glands prominent; supra-axillary gland (parotoid), body glands (flanks-lumbar-inguinal), and hind limb glands (dorsal side of thighs, tibiae, and tarsi) clearly visible; well-expressed pale reversed comma heads and a pale dorsal zone bifurcation occur in dorsum. Mature eggs undetected externally. Dorsal coloration in life yellow to light brown; light brown in preservative.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9734905AFF89FF231223EA5FFD5B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1494,2000]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905AFF88FF231223EA18F8D1" bold="true" box="[197,320,1814,1840]" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Variation.</emphasis>
SVL of adult males 12.9–16.0 mm (mean = 14.66, n = 18), of adult females 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD1905AFF88FB091223EEC4F8D1" box="[1263,1436,1814,1840]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" metricValueMax="1.73" metricValueMin="1.21" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="14.7" valueMax="17.3" valueMin="12.1">12.1–17.3 mm</quantity>
(mean = 15.76, n = 27), and juvenile (SVL 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD1905AFF88FD4D120BE841F8B9" box="[683,793,1854,1880]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.82" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="5.82">5.82 mm</quantity>
) of moderate habitus, typical of scansorial species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905AFF88FF711252EA33F861" box="[151,363,1895,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905AFF88FF711252EA33F861" box="[151,363,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C696A28F905AFF88FE9B1253EA80F861" box="[381,472,1894,1920]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,311,335]" captionText="TABLE 1. Range of measured characters (in mm) followed by mean and standard deviation in parentheses. For abbreviations, see Materials and methods." pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Table 1</tableCitation>
); head around 40% of SVL; snout tip pointed in dorsal view, sides forming an angle of about 72°; nares distinctly protuberant, canthus rostralis not distinct, lores sloping, slightly indented; eyes prominent, EL into HW around 2.7; tympanic membrane present and tympanic annulus distinct but with roughly the dorso-posterior third of the rim obscured by supra-tympanic fold, fitting tightly between the ventro-posterior edge of the orbit and the angulus oris, TYW into HW around 6; 2–3 minute vomerine teeth barely visible on weakly defined patches postero-medial to choanae (of two cleared and stained specimens UPRRP 6358, a male, with 3 tiny vomerine teeth on one patch, 2 or 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD1905BFF89FC0F1425EF42FECB" box="[1001,1050,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
the other patch, teeth absent in UPRRP 6341, a female); tongue rounded posteriorly with a weak notch; there are well-developed glands on the following regions (Fig. 3): (1) supra-axillary (parotoid), extending ventrally to glenoid region, (2) flanks to sacral region, (3) posterior surfaces of thighs, shank, tarsi and (4) postero-lateral parts of the gula (sexually dimorphic: present in 96.3% in females, which also have larger glands, compared with 23.5% in males). Digital disks moderate, fitting within the tympanum; hyoid plate narrow (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB1905BFF89FC0014EDEF76FE13" box="[998,1070,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1139,1163]" captionTargetBox="[468,1120,422,1114]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[464,1123,422,1114]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Comparative morphology of E. juanariveroi (left, holotype, KU 306997) and E. gryllus (right, UPRRP 6374): glands in gular region (arrows), scale bar 1 mm (A), cleared-stained hyale apparatus (UPRRP 6341 and UPRRP 6374) (B), and relative liver size and shape of liver (E. juanariveroi UPRRP 6358 and E. gryllus UPRRP 6373) with arrows highlighting small-sized left lobe of liver (C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177267/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B); medial element of anterior process of the hyale long and straight; hyale without free flanges; antero-lateral process angled anteriorly; postero-lateral process long and thin; thyrohyal process narrow. Venter nearly smooth with weak, rounded areolations and with a sparse stippling of melanophores; testes pigmented. Measurements (range, mean, and standard deviation) of the 
<typeStatus id="54AF2996905BFF89FE7B174DEA88FD73" box="[413,464,632,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
series are given in 
<tableCitation id="C696A28F905BFF89FD52174DE853FD73" box="[692,779,632,658]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,311,335]" captionText="TABLE 1. Range of measured characters (in mm) followed by mean and standard deviation in parentheses. For abbreviations, see Materials and methods." pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Table 1</tableCitation>
along with measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FB81174DEF81FD70" box="[1127,1241,632,657]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FB81174DEF81FD70" box="[1127,1241,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for comparative purposes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9734905BFF89FF2317FDEAE7FC33" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
The limbs are irregularly pigmented with varied intensities of pigment but without a distinct patterning; the post-femoral surfaces of some specimens are darker; the digit tips of manus and pes are darkly pigmented. In some individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FE4D162DE906FCD0" box="[427,606,792,817]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FE4D162DE906FCD0" box="[427,606,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a horizontally elliptical pupil, and a thin, dark vertical slit below the mid portion of pupil result in a ‘T’ (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB1905BFF89FDDF1675E927FCBB" box="[569,639,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[486,1100,829,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[486,1100,829,1908]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (female) on a willdenow’s maiden fern (Thelypteris interrupta) from the type locality (A) (specimen number unavailable). Scale bar 5 mm. Dorsal view of E. juanariveroi showing reversed comma pattern (B) (KU 306997, holotype). Pupil shape with ‘ + ’ pattern (insert, specimen number unavailable)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177265/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) similar to the condition in 
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FC3F1675EF83FCB8" box="[985,1243,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FC3F1675EF15FCB8" box="[985,1101,832,857]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">E. gryllus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FBBF1675EF8FFCB8" box="[1113,1239,832,857]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eneidae">E. eneidae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FAF21675EECDFCB8" box="[1300,1429,832,857]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="locustus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FAF21675EECDFCB8" box="[1300,1429,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. locustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In other individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FE41165DE902FC60" box="[423,602,872,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FE41165DE902FC60" box="[423,602,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pupil resembles that in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FC42165DEF19FC60" box="[932,1089,872,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FC42165DEF19FC60" box="[932,1089,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. cochranae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has thin, vertical slits below and above pupil resulting in a ‘+’. Pupil shape in 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FCA016A5E8A2FC48" box="[838,1018,912,937]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FCA016A5E8A2FC48" box="[838,1018,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FAFF16A5EECDFC48" box="[1305,1429,912,937]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brittoni">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FAFF16A5EECDFC48" box="[1305,1429,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. brittoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which lacks vertical slits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB9734905BFF89FF2316EAEFEFF9E3" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FF2316EAE862FC18" bold="true" box="[197,826,991,1017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Multivariate comparison of morphological ratios.</emphasis>
Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of morphological ratios of adult specimens extracted two axes that explained 95.1% of the variance in ordination space (final stress = 11.3 and instability = 0.052 after 500 iterations, orthogonality = 94.8%) (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB1905BFF89FAEB1105EE0EFBAB" box="[1293,1366,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[543,1047,210,1360]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[534,1052,194,1361]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ordination scores of NMDS axis II plotted against axis I (A) and comparative morphometry of males of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi and E. gryllus: IN plotted against TYW (B); TaL plotted against TiL (C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177269/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A). A Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP, a non-parametric analysis used to test the hypothesis of six species in the data matrix) revealed six groups that had similar within-group homogeneity (
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FB1211B5EE5EFB78" box="[1268,1286,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
= 0.27, 
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FA9411B5EED9FB78" box="[1394,1409,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">p</emphasis>
&lt;0.0001), which corroborates the hypothesis of six nomenclaturally and taxonomically stable species in the data matrix. However, the overlap between 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FD5711E5E830FB08" box="[689,872,1232,1257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FD5711E5E830FB08" box="[689,872,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FC4C11E5EF78FB08" box="[938,1056,1232,1257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FC4C11E5EF78FB08" box="[938,1056,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in ordination space suggests a strong affinity in morphological ratios between species. An Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC5905BFF89FAEC11CDEA0BFADB" author="Legendre" pageId="9" pageNumber="64" refString="Legendre, P. &amp; Legendre, L. (1998) Numerical ecology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 853 pp." type="book" year="1998">Legendre &amp; Legendre, 1998</bibRefCitation>
) that could be helpful in distinguishing 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FCDA1015E8A8FAD8" box="[828,1008,1312,1337]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FCDA1015E8A8FAD8" box="[828,1008,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other species resulted in four potential diagnostic morphological ratios (morphological ratio and Indicator Value from Monte Carlo tests with 10,000 permutations): SVL:HW, 17.1 (
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FD561045E9E7FA68" box="[688,703,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">p</emphasis>
= 0.067); 
<collectingCountry id="F303D7A4905BFF89FCA21045E8DCFA6B" box="[836,900,1392,1418]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">TYD</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F303D7A4905BFF89FC6E1045E898FA6B" box="[904,960,1392,1418]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">IND</collectingCountry>
, 18.9 (
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FBF11045EF7EFA68" box="[1047,1062,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">p</emphasis>
= 0.004); 
<collectingCountry id="F303D7A4905BFF89FB4D1045EFB3FA6B" box="[1195,1259,1392,1418]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">TYD</collectingCountry>
:EN, 18.2 (
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FA941045EED9FA68" box="[1394,1409,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">p</emphasis>
= 0.028); TiL:TaL, 17.1 (
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FE5010ADEA9DFA50" box="[438,453,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">p</emphasis>
= 0.054). In ordination space, only 
<collectingCountry id="F303D7A4905BFF89FC6A10ADE893FA53" box="[908,971,1432,1458]" name="Chad" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">TYD</collectingCountry>
:IN and TiL:TaL differed significantly between males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FE9710F5E97DFA38" box="[369,549,1472,1497]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FE9710F5E97DFA38" box="[369,549,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the most similar 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FCCA10F5E8F8FA38" box="[812,928,1472,1497]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FCCA10F5E8F8FA38" box="[812,928,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C696A28F905BFF89FC5710F5EF56FA3B" box="[945,1038,1472,1498]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1191,1215]" captionTargetBox="[159,1384,1360,1503]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Body proportions (mean ± SD) of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi and Eleutherodactylus gryllus that showed significant differences at α = 0.05 and α = 0.10. Significant variables (TYW / IN and TiL / TaL) were extracted from NMDS multivariate analysis. Data for males and females were analyzed separately; Mann-Whitney U-Test." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" tableUuid="DF6BC7BC9056FF84FF711192EE4BFAE5">Table 2</tableCitation>
), which justified the use of these two morphological ratios to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FD8D10DDE844F9E0" box="[619,796,1512,1537]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FD8D10DDE844F9E0" box="[619,796,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FC8210DDE88EF9E0" box="[868,982,1512,1537]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FC8210DDE88EF9E0" box="[868,982,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F8BB1905BFF89FC0010DDEF6FF9E3" box="[998,1079,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1385,1409]" captionTargetBox="[543,1047,210,1360]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[534,1052,194,1361]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ordination scores of NMDS axis II plotted against axis I (A) and comparative morphometry of males of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi and E. gryllus: IN plotted against TYW (B); TaL plotted against TiL (C)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177269/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
B and 7C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30EC4BF905BFF8AFF20133AE8A9FC4B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB9734905BFF8AFF20133AEA08FEB3" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,938]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FF20133AE93DF9C8" bold="true" box="[198,613,1551,1577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FD881325E885F9C8" box="[622,989,1552,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FD881325E885F9C8" box="[622,989,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the 
<typeStatus id="54AF2996905BFF89FAEE1325EE63F9CB" box="[1288,1339,1552,1578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB1905BFF89FF79130DEBBCF9B3" box="[159,228,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,695,719]" captionTargetBox="[314,1284,208,668]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[302,1285,197,669]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of Puerto Rico showing type locality (star) of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi along with the capital city of San Juan and the Toa Baja municipality. Scale bar 50 km." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177264/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), which lies within the subtropical moist forest life zone (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC5905BFF89FC69130DEFE0F9B3" author="Ewel" box="[911,1208,1592,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" refString="Ewel, J. J. &amp; Whitmore, J. L. (1973) The ecological life zones of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands. Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. 72 pp." type="book" year="1973">Ewel &amp; Whitmore, 1973</bibRefCitation>
). This locality consists of a palustrine herbaceous wetland at 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD1905BFF89FD611355E99BF99B" box="[647,707,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
elevation. The wetland is seasonally flooded with fresh water; the soil consist of swamp and marsh organic deposits from Pleistocene and/or recent origin (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC5905BFF89FB3E13BDEB8EF92B" author="Briggs" pageId="9" pageNumber="63" refString="Briggs, R. P. &amp; Akers, J. P. (1965) Hidrogeologic map of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. US Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Hydrologic Investigations, Atlas HA- 197." type="book chapter" year="1965">Briggs &amp; Akers, 1965</bibRefCitation>
). Herbaceous vegetation in this habitat consists of the toothed midsorus fern (
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FB6D1385EED3F928" box="[1163,1419,1712,1737]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrulatum">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FB6D1385EED3F928" box="[1163,1419,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Blechnum serrulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), willdenow’s maiden fern (
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FE3F13EDE9B8F910" box="[473,736,1752,1777]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FE3F13EDE9B8F910" box="[473,736,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Thelypteris interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), bulltongue arrowhead (
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FBFE13EDEE51F910" box="[1048,1289,1752,1777]" class="Liliopsida" family="Alismataceae" genus="Sagittaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FBFE13EDEE51F910" box="[1048,1289,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Sagittaria lancifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), flatsedges (
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FF471235EA5BF8F8" box="[161,259,1792,1817]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FF471235EA5BF8F8" box="[161,259,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Cyperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), spike rushes (
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FE0D1235E932F8F8" box="[491,618,1792,1817]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Eleocharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FE0D1235E932F8F8" box="[491,618,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">Eleocharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), and vines and grasses. The habitat at the 
<typeStatus id="54AF2996905BFF89FB7F1235EF94F8FB" box="[1177,1228,1792,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
locality occupies approximately180 ha; we were unable to find the frog at other wetland sites in the northern coastal plain. All specimens were collected between 1900–2200 h while perching, sitting, or calling on herbaceous vegetation, mainly on ferns, between 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD1905BFF89FE2E124DE954F873" box="[456,524,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="0.4">0.4 m</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD1905BFF89FDA0124DE9D1F873" box="[582,649,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1.2">1.2 m</quantity>
above water level. Calling sites for males were 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD1905BFF89FB26124DEE16F873" box="[1216,1358,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="0.8999999999999999" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.6">0.6 to 1.2 m</quantity>
above the ground. Egg clutches comprised 1– 
<specimenCount id="9D125CBD905BFF89FD831295E92CF85B" box="[613,628,1952,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" type="egg">5</specimenCount>
eggs and were found on leaf axils (
<specimenCount id="9D125CBD905BFF89FBFA1295EF35F85B" box="[1052,1133,1952,1978]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" type="egg">21 egg</specimenCount>
clutches) or leaf surfaces (
<specimenCount id="9D125CBD905BFF89FF4612FDEBBBF803" box="[160,227,1992,2018]" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" type="egg">3 egg</specimenCount>
clutches) of only 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FE5912FDE917F800" box="[447,591,1992,2017]" class="Liliopsida" family="Alismataceae" genus="Sagittaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FE5912FDE917F800" box="[447,591,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">S. lancifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(N. Rios, unpubl. data). Like 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF89FC5D12FDEF77F800" box="[955,1071,1992,2017]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF89FC5D12FDEF77F800" box="[955,1071,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the calling activity of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB7905BFF8AFAAC12FDEA5BFF50" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="61" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B26905BFF8AFAAC12FDEA5BFF50" italics="true" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
started at approximately 1630 h and decreased significantly before midnight. The single locality from which 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFEC315F5EA8FFF38" box="[293,471,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFEC315F5EA8FFF38" box="[293,471,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known is adjacent to the coast at 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD19058FF8AFC9C15F5E8EDFF3B" box="[890,949,192,218]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
elevation, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFB9815F5EFA8FF38" box="[1150,1264,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFB9815F5EFA8FF38" box="[1150,1264,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from between 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD19058FF8AFED915DDEAD2FEE3" box="[319,394,232,258]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="305.0">305 m</quantity>
to 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD19058FF8AFE4115DDEAA7FEE3" box="[423,511,232,258]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.189" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1189.0">1189 m</quantity>
elevation (
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC59058FF8AFD6615DDE84CFEE3" author="Joglar" box="[640,788,232,258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" refString="Joglar, R. L. (1998) Los coquies de Puerto Rico: su historia natural y conservacion. University of Puerto Rico Press, Puerto Rico. 232 pp." type="book" year="1998">Joglar, 1998</bibRefCitation>
), although we have not recently found 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFB3A15DDEE15FEE0" box="[1244,1357,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFB3A15DDEE15FEE0" box="[1244,1357,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below 
<quantity id="4CEC3AD19058FF8AFF711425EBBAFECB" box="[151,226,272,298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
elevation. This species is mostly arboreal, calling from branches and bromeliads, which contrasts with 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFF71140DEA10FEB0" box="[151,328,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFF71140DEA10FEB0" box="[151,328,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB97349058FF8AFF20146AE8A9FC4B" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFF20146AEAE0FE98" bold="true" box="[198,440,351,377]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
The call consists of a series of short high-pitched notes (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19058FF8AFBB61455EFCCFE9B" box="[1104,1172,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[491,1105,1006,1729]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[480,1107,994,1740]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. The advertisement calls of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (A) and E. gryllus (B). Oscillogram (relative amplitude in kU vs. time) and audiospectrogram (sonogram: frequency in kHz vs. time)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177270/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A). At 26 C, call duration varies from 4–21 sec (10.9 ± 6.2 sec, n = 6). Call structure consists of one to three one-note series, followed by one or more series of two notes each, one (or more) series of three-four notes each, and a series that varies from 5–30 notes at the end of the call. Notes per call was 8–45 (23.0 ± 13.4 notes, n = 6) (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19058FF8AFB1F14EDEE66FE13" box="[1273,1342,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[491,1105,1006,1729]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[480,1107,994,1740]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. The advertisement calls of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (A) and E. gryllus (B). Oscillogram (relative amplitude in kU vs. time) and audiospectrogram (sonogram: frequency in kHz vs. time)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177270/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A). Frequency was 6.03–9.02 kHz; the dominant frequency was 7.38–8.28 kHz (7.69 ± 0.18 kHz, n = 92) (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19058FF8AFAD61735EE2DFDFB" box="[1328,1397,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[491,1105,1006,1729]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[480,1107,994,1740]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. The advertisement calls of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (A) and E. gryllus (B). Oscillogram (relative amplitude in kU vs. time) and audiospectrogram (sonogram: frequency in kHz vs. time)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177270/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A). Note duration was 15–31 ms (24.1 ± 3.1 ms, n = 92). Note repetition rate varies between consecutive notes within a series of two or more notes (341 ± 22 ms, n = 58) and between the final note of a series and the note in the following series (819 ± 99 ms, n = 30) (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19058FF8AFD54174DE9AFFD73" box="[690,759,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[491,1105,1006,1729]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[480,1107,994,1740]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. The advertisement calls of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (A) and E. gryllus (B). Oscillogram (relative amplitude in kU vs. time) and audiospectrogram (sonogram: frequency in kHz vs. time)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177270/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A). The advertisement call of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFBB0174DEE50FD70" box="[1110,1288,632,657]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFBB0174DEE50FD70" box="[1110,1288,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFF0C1795EA03FD58" box="[234,347,672,697]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFF0C1795EA03FD58" box="[234,347,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in notes per call (range 5–29, 15.3 ± 10.0 notes, n = 4) (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19058FF8AFC0B1795EF6BFD5B" box="[1005,1075,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[491,1105,1006,1729]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[480,1107,994,1740]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. The advertisement calls of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (A) and E. gryllus (B). Oscillogram (relative amplitude in kU vs. time) and audiospectrogram (sonogram: frequency in kHz vs. time)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177270/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B), dominant frequency (range 6.31–7.79 kHz, 7.44 ± 0.28 kHz, n = 61) (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19058FF8AFD7617FDE98FFD03" box="[656,727,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[491,1105,1006,1729]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[480,1107,994,1740]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. The advertisement calls of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (A) and E. gryllus (B). Oscillogram (relative amplitude in kU vs. time) and audiospectrogram (sonogram: frequency in kHz vs. time)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177270/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B), note duration (range 21–32, 26.8 ± 2.4 ms, n = 61), and note repetition rate (consecutive notes within a series 1.23 ± 0.13 sec, n = 53; between the first note of the call and the note in the following series in the call 1.97 ± 0.67 sec, n = 4) (
<figureCitation id="132F8BB19058FF8AFC34162DEF40FCD3" box="[978,1048,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[491,1105,1006,1729]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[480,1107,994,1740]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. The advertisement calls of Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi (A) and E. gryllus (B). Oscillogram (relative amplitude in kU vs. time) and audiospectrogram (sonogram: frequency in kHz vs. time)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177270/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B). Among sympatric 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFAC6162DEBA1FCB8" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFAC6162DEBA1FCB8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the call of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFE641675E96CFCB8" box="[386,564,832,857]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFE641675E96CFCB8" box="[386,564,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the highest frequency and the greatest structural complexity compared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFF35165DEA14FC60" box="[211,332,872,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brittoni">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFF35165DEA14FC60" box="[211,332,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. brittoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFEBD165DEAA0FC60" box="[347,504,872,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochranae">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFEBD165DEAA0FC60" box="[347,504,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. cochranae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFDDC165DE841FC63" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[570,793,872,898]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coqui">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFDDC165DE9C4FC60" box="[570,668,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. coqui</emphasis>
(Thomas)
</taxonomicName>
, but probably among all Puerto Rican 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFB06165DEBE1FC48" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFB06165DEBE1FC48" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well (for comparison see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC59058FF8AFDEC16A5E848FC4B" author="Drewry" box="[522,784,912,938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="63" refString="Drewry, G. E. &amp; Rand, A. S. (1983) Characteristics of an acoustic community: Puerto Rican frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus. Copeia, 1983, 941 - 953." type="journal article" year="1983">Drewry &amp; Rand, 1983</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF85EAC59058FF8AFCAF16A5E8BCFC4B" author="Narins" box="[841,996,912,938]" pageId="10" pageNumber="64" refString="Narins, P. M. (1995) Frog Communication. Scientific American, 273, 78 - 83." type="journal article" year="1995">Narins, 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6BC7BC9058FF8AFF7113D6EF1EF8FC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177270/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[491,1105,1006,1729]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349058FF8AFF7113D6EF1EF8FC" blockId="10.[151,1436,1763,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFF7113D6EA45F91A" bold="true" box="[151,285,1763,1787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
The advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFDB213D1E8FBF91A" box="[596,931,1764,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="juanariveroi">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFDB213D1E8FBF91A" box="[596,931,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C14ECB79058FF8AFBEA13D1EF2FF91A" box="[1036,1143,1764,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFBEA13D1EF2FF91A" box="[1036,1143,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">E. gryllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B). Oscillogram (relative amplitude in kU vs. time) and audiospectrogram (sonogram: frequency in kHz vs. time).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30EC4BF9058FF8AFF201264EB81F872" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB97349058FF8AFF201264EB81F872" blockId="10.[151,1436,1873,1939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B9604B269058FF8AFF201264EA0BF88A" bold="true" box="[198,339,1873,1899]" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name honors Juan A. Rivero, distinguished Puerto Rican herpetologist and naturalist.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>