328 lines
31 KiB
XML
328 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="6F7BC40A78E68BFF7A22EE6FC17D1596" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113076" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8234608" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1691688460112" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ruan, Jing-Ya, Cao, Hui-Na, Jiang, Hong-Yu, Li, Hui-Min, Hao, Mi-Mi, Zhao, Wei, Zhang, Ying, Han, Yu, Zhang, Yi & Wang, Tao" docDate="2022" docId="03B287E8FF9DFFA3FFEAFAA4FBEBF9C0" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.196.113076.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry (113076) 196" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113076" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3.5:Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Imperata cylindrica var. major C. E. Hubb." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF8BFF90FF9AFFA4FF8EFFE1FFC5FFF6" masterDocTitle="Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1692284337500" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="87FAA1A2C87FDCDCE57A4ECA0AC04F02">Structural characterization of phenolic constituents from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica var. major and their anti-inflammatory activity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B69360DF242224EC01441C274DE6E22">Ruan, Jing-Ya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="14AD01668ADFA523139A72ECCCAC3448">* & ** & Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0FF7DC3D1F82CD5C5ACA7522771EB818">Cao, Hui-Na</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FF6BF6E41AEF895A2F6555B00A823287">Jiang, Hong-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9EEAEBFFC6928FAB9B6FA7444E2FADD7">Li, Hui-Min</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC14EA3E1A27440FA6B8532F8F438F98">Hao, Mi-Mi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="463876FE26AEDFE1FB63A425813D963D">Zhao, Wei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB3E29EB866ABB929774D9FE739407A9">Zhang, Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="118FE1A551D639160B58C67E5C5690C5">Han, Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3EFFF15D19A4CF58C56DF31037BB560F">Zhang, Yi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7CB9C77A65B4B6AAEA90CF8A3CC8B530">Wang, Tao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A8268D3D3910B6393BA369F466E03788">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4A21D4079AEC1E388255D66285FDF9ED">
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<mods:date id="8AE7957C5D86BFF67B545475092D6DDD">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="20DB3F5E1AE4927F881C2F41D46535C7">113076</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="7594B00A7020C61EF13DE68798633842">2022-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C37EBFB124789CB22D88351A7A4CAC7A">196</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F9B63438C5AAF03F63D1E414A4F5763D">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113076</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3F5D99C5E12FD8E9B824CC46BDF6C8AC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0C24E0D73C8A0F794B7515DA159D7A66" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113076</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F70B6499656F8324183C1E0FFCA77B34" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9030816743D2FD1A0F8E0AB8BE9D88A5" type="Zenodo-Dep">8234608</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B287E8FF9DFFA3FFEAFAA4FBEBF9C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B287E8FF9DFFA3FFEAFAA4FBEBF9C0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B287E8FF9DFFA3FFEAFAA4FBEBF9C0" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C3016575FF9DFFA3FFEAFAA4FD68FA82" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA436FEFF9DFFA3FFEAFAA4FD68FA82" blockId="7.[100,670,1349,1368]" lastBlockId="7.[100,685,1376,1396]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FFEAFAA4FD68FA82" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0EC8192FF9DFFA3FFEAFAA4FD5BFAAE" bold="true" box="[100,670,1349,1368]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">2.2. Anti-inflammatory activity screening and structure-activity</heading>
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<heading id="D0EC8192FF9DFFA3FFEAFA81FD68FA82" box="[100,685,1376,1396]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="8">
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relationships analysis of compounds from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7DFF9DFFA3FE53FA80FD68FA82" ID-CoL="5PGMH" authority="(Nees) C. E. Hubb." authorityName="C. E. Hubb." baseAuthorityName="Nees" box="[477,685,1376,1396]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Imperata" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="cylindrica" variety="major">I. cylindrica var. major</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3016575FF9DFFA3FF0AFA78FBEBF9C0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA436FEFF9DFFA3FF0AFA78FEC6F9A5" blockId="7.[100,770,1432,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
The effects of compounds
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE0FFA79FE74FA5D" bold="true" box="[385,433,1432,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–47</emphasis>
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on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (
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) release in
|
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE3BFF9DFFA3FE47FA55FE38FA31" box="[457,509,1460,1479]" country="Pakistan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13834" name="Pakistan Agricultural Research Council" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">RAW</collectionCode>
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264.7 cells were measured through the Griess reaction at the concentration without significant cytotoxicity (Fig. S70) to clarify their potentical anti-inflammatory effects (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0FFF9DFFA3FF12F9E9FEFCF9ED" author="Chen, Y. & Ruan, J. & Sun, F. & Wang, H. & Yang, S. & Zhang, Y. & Yan, J. & Yu, H. & Guo, Y. & Zhang, Y. & Wang, T." box="[156,313,1544,1564]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="73" refId="ref16798" refString="Chen, Y., Ruan, J., Sun, F., Wang, H., Yang, S., Zhang, Y., Yan, J., Yu, H., Guo, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., 2020. Anti-inflammatory limonoids from Cortex Dictamni. Front. Chem. 8, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fchem. 2020.00073." type="journal article" year="2020">Chen et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
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||
). As results,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE21F9E9FE7EF9ED" bold="true" box="[431,443,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
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,
|
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE48F9E9FE1AF9ED" bold="true" box="[454,479,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE64F9E9FDC6F9ED" bold="true" box="[490,515,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12</emphasis>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD83F9E9FDE3F9ED" bold="true" box="[525,550,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">24</emphasis>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FDBFF9E9FD8FF9ED" bold="true" box="[561,586,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">27</emphasis>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FDDAF9E9FDA8F9ED" bold="true" box="[596,621,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">31</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FDF6F9E9FD54F9ED" bold="true" box="[632,657,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">32</emphasis>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD12F9E9FD70F9ED" bold="true" box="[668,693,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">37</emphasis>
|
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD31F9E9FD1DF9ED" bold="true" box="[703,728,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">43</emphasis>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD6DF9E9FD39F9ED" bold="true" box="[739,764,1544,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">45</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FFEAF9C5FFB8F9C1" bold="true" box="[100,125,1572,1591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">47</emphasis>
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exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the releasement of
|
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at 30
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||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FF0DF9A1FF4BF9A3" bold="true" box="[131,142,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">μ</emphasis>
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||
M (
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||
<tableCitation id="C6990345FF9DFFA3FF21F9A1FF30F9A5" box="[175,245,1600,1619]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="7.[818,868,150,166]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table 5 Inhibitory effects of compounds 1, 4–47 on NO production in RAW264.7 cells." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF646676FF9DFFA3FCBCFF77FA0AFF37" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF646676FF9DFFA3FCBCFF77FA0AFF37">Table 5</tableCitation>
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).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436FEFF9DFFA3FF0AF9BDFF29F870" blockId="7.[100,770,1432,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Furthermore, we summarized the structure-activity relationship of the isolated compounds. The result showed that the increase of phenolic hydroxyl groups in phenylpropanoids might strength the
|
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|
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release inhibitory activity (relative
|
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content:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE6BF94EFE3BF934" bold="true" box="[485,510,1711,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">31</emphasis>
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,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD84F94EFDE6F934" bold="true" box="[522,547,1711,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">32</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FDA4F951FDFFF935" box="[554,570,1712,1731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"><</emphasis>
|
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FDCFF94EFD9FF934" bold="true" box="[577,602,1711,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">30</emphasis>
|
||
). In addition, the similar
|
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE3BFF9DFFA3FF24F92DFF0CF929" box="[170,201,1740,1759]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15617" name="Tulane University Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">NO</collectionCode>
|
||
inhibitory activities of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE2DF92AFE79F928" bold="true" box="[419,444,1739,1758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">31</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE67F92AFDC7F928" bold="true" box="[489,514,1739,1758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">33</emphasis>
|
||
indicated that the carboxyl group in the caffeic acid structure was not an important factor in their
|
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<collectionCode id="ED0AAE3BFF9DFFA3FFEAF8E2FF46F8E0" box="[100,131,1795,1814]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15617" name="Tulane University Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">NO</collectionCode>
|
||
inhibitory activity. On the other hand, when the phenolic hydroxyl in phenolic glycosides was replaced by methoxy, the activity would decrease (relative content of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE3BFF9DFFA3FEFBF8DAFE52F8B8" box="[373,407,1851,1870]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15617" name="Tulane University Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">NO</collectionCode>
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:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE2EF8DAFE7CF8B8" bold="true" box="[416,441,1851,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE31F8DAFE0AF8B8" box="[447,463,1851,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"><</emphasis>
|
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE58F8DAFE2AF8B8" bold="true" box="[470,495,1851,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE75F8DAFDD1F8B8" bold="true" box="[507,532,1851,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">24</emphasis>
|
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD94F8DAFDEFF8B8" box="[538,554,1851,1870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"><</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FDBEF8DAFD8CF8B8" bold="true" box="[560,585,1851,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">25</emphasis>
|
||
), while the activity would be increased by
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FEC4F8B6FE9FF89C" bold="true" box="[330,346,1879,1898]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">m</emphasis>
|
||
-dimethoxy substitution (relative content of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE3BFF9DFFA3FFEAF892FF43F870" box="[100,134,1907,1926]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15617" name="Tulane University Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">NO</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FF01F892FF6DF870" bold="true" box="[143,168,1907,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">27</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FF21F892FF7AF870" box="[175,191,1907,1926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"><</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FF48F892FF1AF870" bold="true" box="[198,223,1907,1926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">25</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436FEFF9DFFA3FF0AF86EFAB9FCD0" blockId="7.[100,770,1432,1982]" lastBlockId="7.[818,1404,786,807]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Further study showed that compounds
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FE7FF86EFE38F854" bold="true" box="[497,509,1935,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD87F86EFDE7F854" bold="true" box="[521,546,1935,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FDA3F86EFD83F854" bold="true" box="[557,582,1935,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FDDCF86EFDAEF854" bold="true" box="[594,619,1935,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">24</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FDF8F86EFD4AF854" bold="true" box="[630,655,1935,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">27</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD14F86EFD76F854" bold="true" box="[666,691,1935,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">31</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD31F86EFD1DF854" bold="true" box="[703,728,1935,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">32</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FD6DF86EFD39F854" bold="true" box="[739,764,1935,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">37</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FFEAF84BFFB8F84B" bold="true" box="[100,125,1962,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">43</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FF01F84BFF6DF84B" bold="true" box="[143,168,1962,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">45</emphasis>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FEA0F84BFE82F84B" bold="true" box="[302,327,1962,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">47</emphasis>
|
||
inhibited
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE3BFF9DFFA3FE3AF84AFE16F848" box="[436,467,1963,1982]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15617" name="Tulane University Herbarium" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">NO</collectionCode>
|
||
release from
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE3BFF9DFFA3FDE8F84AFD5FF848" box="[614,666,1963,1982]" country="Pakistan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13834" name="Pakistan Agricultural Research Council" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="Herbarium">RAW</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE39B1BFF9DFFA3FD15F84AFD2FF848" box="[667,746,1963,1982]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.72338" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="264.7">264.7 in</quantity>
|
||
a concentration dependent manner at 3, 10, and 30
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FA83FCF3FADDFCD1" bold="true" box="[1293,1304,786,807]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">μ</emphasis>
|
||
M (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A7BFF9DFFA3FAB7FCF3FAABFCD0" box="[1337,1390,786,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,864,881]" captionTargetBox="[109,1477,149,834]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[106,1485,148,837]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 8. Influences of compounds 4, 11, 12, 24, 27, 31, 32, 37, 43, 45, and 47 at 3, 10, and 30 μM on NO production in RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Values represent the mean SD of six determinations. *P <0.05, ***P <0.001 (Differences between compound-treated group and control group). ###P <0.001 (Dif± ferences between control group and normal group). n = 6." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8234626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8234626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436FEFF9DFFA3FCBCFCAFFB5FFC8A" blockId="7.[818,1471,845,865]" lastBlockId="7.[818,1178,873,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FCBCFCAFFB5FFC8A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<heading id="D0EC8192FF9DFFA3FCBCFCAFFA7AFC96" bold="true" box="[818,1471,845,865]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
|
||
2.3. Compounds from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7DFF9DFFA3FB8FFCAFFB15FC97" ID-CoL="5PGMH" box="[1025,1232,845,865]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Imperata" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="cylindrica" variety="major">I. cylindrica var. major</taxonomicName>
|
||
exerted anti-inflammatory
|
||
</heading>
|
||
<heading id="D0EC8192FF9DFFA3FCBCFC88FB5FFC8A" box="[818,1178,873,893]" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="8">effects through NF-κB signaling pathway</heading>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436FEFF9DFFA3FCDFFC43FADCFB62" blockId="7.[818,1488,930,1590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FBD4FC43FBA6FC43" bold="true" box="[1114,1123,930,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">κ</emphasis>
|
||
B) pathway plays an important role on inflammation. In general, the activity of NF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB58FC5FFB1AFC27" bold="true" box="[1238,1247,958,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">κ</emphasis>
|
||
B was inhibited by inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (I
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FBEEFC3BFBACFC1B" bold="true" box="[1120,1129,986,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">κ</emphasis>
|
||
B)
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FBF1FC38FB4EFC18" bold="true" box="[1151,1163,985,1006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">α</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB16FC3BFB66FC1B" bold="true" box="[1176,1187,986,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">β</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB4AFC38FB08FC18" bold="true" box="[1220,1229,985,1006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ε</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0FFF9DFFA3FB53FC3BFAB2FC1A" author="Law, M. & Corsino, P. & Parker, N. T. & Law, B. K." box="[1245,1399,985,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref17831" refString="Law, M., Corsino, P., Parker, N. T., Law, B. K., 2010. Identification of a small molecule inhibitor of serine 276 phosphorylation of the p 65 subunit of NF-kappaB using in silico molecular docking. Cancer Lett. 291 (2), 217 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. canlet. 2009.10.015." type="journal article" year="2010">Law et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) complex may trigger the phosphorylation of I
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FC61FBF0FC3DFBD2" bold="true" box="[1007,1016,1041,1060]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">κ</emphasis>
|
||
B
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB88FBF0FBD7FBD0" bold="true" box="[1030,1042,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">α</emphasis>
|
||
, then the NF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB01FBF0FB5DFBD2" bold="true" box="[1167,1176,1041,1060]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">κ</emphasis>
|
||
B dimer are liberated, which may lead NF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FC0CFBCCFC4EFBB6" bold="true" box="[898,907,1069,1088]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">κ</emphasis>
|
||
B translocating to the nucleus. Then, cytokines or mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB8AFB84FBD5FB8C" bold="true" box="[1028,1040,1125,1146]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">α</emphasis>
|
||
(TNF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FBC1FB84FB9EFB8C" bold="true" box="[1103,1115,1125,1146]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">α</emphasis>
|
||
) associated with inflammation will be released (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0FFF9DFFA3FC03FB60FB98FB62" author="Hoffmann, A. & Natoli, G. & Ghosh, G." box="[909,1117,1153,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="6706 - 6716" refId="ref17356" refString="Hoffmann, A., Natoli, G., Ghosh, G., 2006. Transcriptional regulation via the NF-KappaB signaling sodule. Oncogene 25 (51), 6706 - 6716. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / sj." type="journal article" year="2006">Hoffmann et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0FFF9DFFA3FBE7FB60FAC9FB62" author="Ruan, J. & Sun, F. & Hao, M. & Han, L. & Yu, H. & Lin, F. & Wang, L. & Cao, G. & Zhang, Y. & Wang, T." box="[1129,1292,1153,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="4496 - 4503" refId="ref18995" refString="Ruan, J., Sun, F., Hao, M., Han, L., Yu, H., Lin, F., Wang, L., Cao, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., 2021. Structurally diverse triterpenes obtained from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. as inflammation inhibitors by NF- κ B signaling pathway. Food Funct. 12 (10), 4496 - 4503. https: // doi. org / 10.1039 / d 1 fo 00117 e." type="journal article" year="2021">Ruan et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA436FEFF9DFFA3FCDFFB7CFBEBF9C0" blockId="7.[818,1488,930,1590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
In order to clarify the
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FBA4FB7CFBAEFB46" bold="true" box="[1066,1131,1181,1200]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in vitro</emphasis>
|
||
anti-inflammatory mechanism of the bioactive compounds obtained from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D7DFF9DFFA3FB08FB58FA94FB3D" box="[1158,1361,1208,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Imperata" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="cylindrica" variety="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB08FB58FB2BFB3D" bold="true" box="[1158,1262,1208,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">I. cylindrica</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FA93FB59FA94FB3D" bold="true" box="[1309,1361,1208,1227]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, western blot assays towards phenylpropanoids
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FBFDFB35FBBAFB11" bold="true" box="[1139,1151,1236,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB21FB35FB0DFB11" bold="true" box="[1199,1224,1236,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">37</emphasis>
|
||
, phenol
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FA92FB35FAF0FB11" bold="true" box="[1308,1333,1236,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11</emphasis>
|
||
, flavone
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FA03FB35FA63FB11" bold="true" box="[1421,1446,1236,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">43</emphasis>
|
||
and flavonoid-phenylpropane dimer
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FBE7FB11FB47FAF5" bold="true" box="[1129,1154,1264,1283]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">47</emphasis>
|
||
were conducted according to the method reported previously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B0FFF9DFFA3FBC9FAECFB2EFAE9" author="Ruan, J. & Sun, F. & Hao, M. & Han, L. & Yu, H. & Lin, F. & Wang, L. & Cao, G. & Zhang, Y. & Wang, T." box="[1095,1259,1292,1312]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="4496 - 4503" refId="ref18995" refString="Ruan, J., Sun, F., Hao, M., Han, L., Yu, H., Lin, F., Wang, L., Cao, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., 2021. Structurally diverse triterpenes obtained from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. as inflammation inhibitors by NF- κ B signaling pathway. Food Funct. 12 (10), 4496 - 4503. https: // doi. org / 10.1039 / d 1 fo 00117 e." type="journal article" year="2021">Ruan et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As results, the inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB12FAC9FB6DFACB" bold="true" box="[1180,1192,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">α</emphasis>
|
||
were decreased in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by the treatment of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB16FAA5FB61FAA1" bold="true" box="[1176,1188,1348,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB3DFAA5FB09FAA1" bold="true" box="[1203,1228,1348,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB54FAA5FB36FAA1" bold="true" box="[1242,1267,1348,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">43</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FAA3FAA5FA83FAA1" bold="true" box="[1325,1350,1348,1367]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">47</emphasis>
|
||
, and the concentrations of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FC37FA81FC06FA85" bold="true" box="[953,963,1376,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">p</emphasis>
|
||
-NF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FC62FA81FC30FA85" bold="true" box="[1004,1013,1376,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">κ</emphasis>
|
||
B/p65, as well as
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB10FA81FB6DFA85" bold="true" box="[1182,1192,1376,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">p</emphasis>
|
||
-IKK were down-regulated. The results indicated that
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB8DFA9DFBCAFA79" bold="true" box="[1027,1039,1404,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB90FA9DFBF2FA79" bold="true" box="[1054,1079,1404,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FBCBFA9DFB9BFA79" bold="true" box="[1093,1118,1404,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">43</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FB18FA9DFB6AFA79" bold="true" box="[1174,1199,1404,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">47</emphasis>
|
||
exhibit anti-inflammatory activities, at least in part, by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors through NF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FC7CFA55FC3EFA31" bold="true" box="[1010,1019,1460,1479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">κ</emphasis>
|
||
B signaling pathway. While compound
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FA0DFA52FA59FA30" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,1459,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">37</emphasis>
|
||
only possessed moderate down-regulatory effects on iNOS, and didn’ t show obviously inhibitory activities on the protein expression of IL-6, TNF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FA33FA0AFA0CF9F6" bold="true" box="[1469,1481,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">α</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FCBCF9E6FCF9F9EC" bold="true" box="[818,828,1543,1562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">p</emphasis>
|
||
-NF-
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FCEBF9E6FCABF9EC" bold="true" box="[869,878,1543,1562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">κ</emphasis>
|
||
B/p65 and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEAECFF9DFFA3FC54F9E6FC21F9EC" bold="true" box="[986,996,1543,1562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">p</emphasis>
|
||
-IKK, which might be closely related to its poor NO inhibitory activity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A7BFF9DFFA3FC65F9C2FBE5F9C0" box="[1003,1056,1571,1590]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[100,130,1825,1842]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,991,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-92@8.[206,1381,990,1798]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 9. Inhibitory effects of compounds 4, 11, 37, 43 and 47 on the protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, IKK-α, p-IKK-α, NF-κB/p65 and p-NF-κB/p65 in RAW 264.7 cells. Normal: normal group without LPS, DEX and other tested samples. Values represent the mean ± SEM of three determinations. *P <0.05; **P <0.01; ***P <0.001 (Differences between compound-treated group and control group). ##P <0.01; ###P <0.001 (Differences between LPS-treated group and control group). n = 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8234628" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8234628/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |