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<document id="B89A334DB45B712FE48E66A1A09CF107" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929469" ID-ZooBank="E2E21C6F-AB20-45E0-B058-1D75ABBD7219" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1683890305349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prada-Lara, Liliana, Jiménez-Bolívar, Andrea C. &amp; St Laurent, Ryan A." docDate="2023" docId="03AA87D8AF14256C05BD12B5FCCC28FF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5284.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5284 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hemiceratinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="428" masterDocId="FF93FFA0AF0F2577052A165DFF952E07" masterDocTitle="Prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="428" updateTime="1683903569039" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BE29BF3ACF671E0576EC2FDF01EDC491">Prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C6A8A8493B22B4351285A8AE54FF36F0">Prada-Lara, Liliana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BA34446E49B3E409D2C63DE52E9C3BE4">Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D. C., Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E064E2F1BC00E515217F19EF0C4A1BB6">Jiménez-Bolívar, Andrea C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8AC6886ECBC7D291B5B00A59608192C9">Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad del Caribe Colombiano, Semillero Sistemática de Artrópodos Neotropicales, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C78F18B7C02BF4DB1E3F8DAD5B04C0F9">Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., U. S. A. / McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03AA87D8AF14256C05BD12B5FCCC28FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D8AF14256C05BD12B5FCCC28FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87D8AF14256C05BD12B5FCCC28FF" lastPageNumber="428" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C05BD12B5FEDA2B05" box="[151,335,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hemiceratinae">
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C05BD12B5FEDA2B05" bold="true" box="[151,335,1256,1282]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Hemiceratinae</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF14256C05BD136DFC3D2BB1" blockId="27.[151,1437,1328,1785]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
The diverse and taxonomically complex
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C074F136DFC9D2B4D" box="[613,776,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hemiceratinae">Hemiceratinae</taxonomicName>
has over 200 described species in the Neotropical Region (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF14256C05B51309FEF82B69" author="Miller" box="[159,365,1364,1390]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref19411" refString="Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. &amp; Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Miller
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C05DA1308FEBF2B69" box="[240,298,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13382A4BAF14256C04AF1309FDB42B69" box="[389,545,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[281,1306,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-24@31.[281,1306,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 4. Notodontidae diversity. Adults of Hemiceratinae, Heterocampinae and Nystaleinae. A. Canodia difformis Herrich-Schaffer, 1854 (©Hubert Szczygieł) B. Hemiceras flavescens Schaus, 1906 (©Julian Alzate) C. Bellonina guasca (Schaus, 1933) (©Indiana Cristo) D. Chlorocampa manethusa (Druce, 1887) (©Heiner Ziegler) E. Hapigia repandens Schaus, 1905 (©Hudson Martins Soares) F. Trichomaplata vittata Wing, 1850 (©Thomas Shahan) G. Bardaxima lucilinea Walker, 1858 (©Douglas Meyer) H. Marthula quadrata Walker, 1856 (©Paola Rengel) I. Notoplusia marchiana Schaus, 1928 (©Gernot Kunz) J. Strophocerus sericeus (Schaus, 1905) (©Heiner Ziegler)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929477/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Figure 4AB</figureCitation>
). Adults have a proboscis longer than the thorax and an androconial patch on the male hindwing vein CuA2, making them easily recognizable in biological collections (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF14256C018F1325FAE22B95" author="Miller" box="[1189,1399,1400,1426]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref19411" refString="Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. &amp; Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Miller
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C01DC1324FAA42B95" box="[1270,1329,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). A phylogenetic study of the subfamily and its genera is urgently needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF14256C05ED139CFCD42888" blockId="27.[151,1437,1328,1785]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C05ED139CFED52BDD" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[199,320,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Hemiceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C05ED139CFED52BDD" box="[199,320,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Hemiceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are abundant in the Neotropics and at some localities, they are the most common moths in light traps (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF14256C05F413B9FE3A2BF9" author="Miller" box="[222,431,1508,1535]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref19411" refString="Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. &amp; Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Miller
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C040513B8FEF62BF9" box="[303,355,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
), as we were able to confirm in our fieldwork in Caquetá. Likewise, these are common in museums, in the visited biological collections a total of 253
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C065B1054FC7F2825" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[881,1002,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Hemiceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C065B1054FC7F2825" box="[881,1002,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Hemiceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were found. A remarkable genitalia characteristic that can be found in the group is the presence of the “Bath organ”, which consists of an extremely large pleated sacculus (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF14256C073D100DFD36286D" author="Miller" box="[535,675,1616,1642]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref19097" refString="Miller, J. S. (1991) Cladistics and classification of the Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) based on larval and adult morphology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 204, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1991">Miller 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF14256C0603100DFB8B286D" author="Schintlmeister" box="[809,1054,1616,1642]" firstAuthor="Schintlmeister" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1 - 502" refId="ref19978" refString="Schintlmeister, A. (2022) Neotropical Notodontidae II - Genus Hemiceras (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Proceedings of the Museum, Witt Munich, 11, 1 - 502." type="journal article" year="2022">Schintlmeister (2022)</bibRefCitation>
revised the genus, reviewing 210 species distributed from the
<collectingCountry id="F314765EAF14256C04FE1029FD9F2889" box="[468,522,1652,1678]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">USA</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F314765EAF14256C07071029FD092889" box="[557,668,1652,1678]" name="Argentina" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F314765EAF14256C07F91028FCA82888" box="[723,829,1653,1679]" name="Paraguay" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF14256C05ED10CAFCCC28FF" blockId="27.[151,1437,1328,1785]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C05ED10CAFEFF28B6" box="[199,362,1687,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hemiceratinae">Hemiceratinae</taxonomicName>
larvae are noctuiform (
<figureCitation id="13382A4BAF14256C075F10CAFD7C28B5" box="[629,745,1687,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-42@32.[249,1338,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 5. Notodontidae diversity. Larvae. A. Americerura cf. dandon Burmeister,1878 (©Jeisson Figueroa) B. Truncaptera truncata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856) (©Kenn Kaufman) C. Erbessa sp. (©Elendil Cocchi) D. Crinodes sp. (©Gerardo Ochoa) E. Hemiceras sp. (©Miguel Diaz Anaya) F. Rhuda sp. (©Reinaldo Oliveira Elias) G. Naprepa sp. (©Reinier Munguia) H. Lobeza sp. (©Juan Carlos Mejia) I. Bardaxima sp. (©Cintia Lepesqueur) J. Nystalea ebalea Stoll, 1780 (©Matt Parr)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929483/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Figure 5E</figureCitation>
) and specialize on
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C06EE10C5FBBB28B5" box="[964,1070,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C06EE10C5FC6228B6" box="[964,1015,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Inga</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
trees (
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF14256C015010CAFAD328B5" author="Miller" box="[1146,1350,1687,1714]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref19411" refString="Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. &amp; Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Miller
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C01E010C5FA9128B6" box="[1226,1284,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<tableCitation id="C6810375AF14256C007410CAFF3228D2" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="33.[152,244,836,860]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="TABLE 3. Known host plants of Notodontidae present in Colombia. *Host plant recorded for the genus." pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C059410E6FD1E28D2" authority=", Cardenas &amp; Posada (2001)" authorityName=", Cardenas &amp; Posada" authorityYear="2001" box="[190,651,1723,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Ianassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombia">
In Colombia,
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF14256C047110E6FD1E28D2" author="Cardenas &amp; Posada" box="[347,651,1723,1749]" firstAuthor="Cardenas" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" refId="ref18396" refString="Cardenas, M. R. &amp; Posada, F. J. (2001) Los insectos y otros habitantes de cafetales y platanales. Comite Departamental de Cafeteros del Quindio-Cenicafe. Cenicafe, Armenia, 280 pp." type="book" year="2001">Cárdenas &amp; Posada (2001)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
recorded high population outbreaks of “
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C017D10E1FF5A28FE" authority="&quot; Guenee, 1852" authorityName="&quot; Guenee" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Hemiceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cadmia">
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C017D10E1FABE28D2" box="[1111,1323,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Hemiceras cadmia</emphasis>
” Gueneé, 1852
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C05D31082FEB928FF" box="[249,300,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C05D31082FEB928FF" box="[249,300,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Inga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees near coffee plantations, causing defoliation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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