treatments-xml/data/03/A3/35/03A33567FF8C540C1CD082C9FCE33941.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

250 lines
28 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="E5898A6ACDC1A8C3240240F30DD71634" ID-CLB-Dataset="94528" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5102.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad30faa6-eab1-4dae-b686-9e5fee56f55c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6245602" ID-ZooBank="BEA963B7-F7B9-458A-92EE-A4740AC390AC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1645601333553" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ward, Philip S." docDate="2022" docId="03A33567FF8C540C1CD082C9FCE33941" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5102.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5102 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tetraponera kosi Ward 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FF9A4D1FFFBD543D1C478336FFC13E45" masterDocTitle="The ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region: taxonomic review and key to species" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1699316131195" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A3B615B3992242DAC21C2B4F62AC4C49" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="70E8B765F167A496E745EE77DC72C6D7">
<mods:title id="8E2F20D2B6025EC2E9B27E9BD2CD7270">The ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region: taxonomic review and key to species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9444F265E8AE924CEBEC4D3B11E81498" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A0A3EE367302C3225B1B479EEC45E9D4">
<mods:roleTerm id="88345DAAC5205F15733D2447C42D5AB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1CC89B47518AE07A28A6A81AFFE34018">Ward, Philip S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="38E5FB0B9A78FF65A06B292DD0202E59">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="73A97CE5FD3D17B0339C9A83EC71E5E5" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="14C3CE2DA88CC535D36CD9226D88579C">
<mods:title id="1EC1202C32ACBAEA86AAC8463993A206">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0C3F431714FB04BAA33107A90B1F0C03">
<mods:date id="2AAF4611EA3E375D5828B418F73548BB">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="53BE9612ADA18C841842AFD37B9C3FD5" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="249B36CB606D8D0C754D65688A792C40">2022-02-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B8A439E06CCDB62208C4D514BCC2231C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5B320A15D437797F173E01D4D127FB87">5102</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9A8D7946B83A142BB6D880A8E1761F59" type="issue">
<mods:number id="A44EC14214DFFA6B630601C144A10423">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D9A2D0EC93CF02C512662892E7D5EAEA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="1843502937EE0D4F1573ED0105600C73">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4B16BE9141229F9B3F4C0D2B844D872A">70</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="73C7F1DE1074D1081BD4CC87F7EF3AED">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="84C8028E04BDEE4840EE5A442AC33E3E" type="CLB-Dataset">94528</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="118D664340946E541A9BBE3C5C6EBFB1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5102.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="110190B70A2B2E36EC2B18DEDEB0F59B" type="GBIF-Dataset">ad30faa6-eab1-4dae-b686-9e5fee56f55c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AC6FF570FE4F6C4C22E457DA89963545" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5B65AD819FC2A6F480B53E7A934C6A3E" type="Zenodo-Dep">6245602</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5B5555EBE49455CF17E3C5EAB446ED85" type="ZooBank">BEA963B7-F7B9-458A-92EE-A4740AC390AC</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A33567FF8C540C1CD082C9FCE33941" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822953" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197227732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6822953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A33567FF8C540C1CD082C9FCE33941" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A33567FF8C540C1CD082C9FCE33941" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="C310D7FAFF8C540C1CD082C9FE093C5D" box="[151,456,510,537]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB58471FF8C540C1CD082C9FE093C5D" blockId="49.[151,456,510,573]" box="[151,456,510,537]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="D0FD331DFF8C540C1CD082C9FE093C5D" bold="true" box="[151,456,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1CD082C9FE093C5D" bold="true" box="[151,456,510,537]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1CD082C9FEA23C5C" authority="Ward, 2022" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,355,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1CD082C9FEA23C5C" bold="true" box="[151,355,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Tetraponera kosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24DE518FF8C540C1D2D82C8FE093C5D" box="[362,456,510,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310D7FAFF8C540C1CD08114FEE63C78" box="[151,295,546,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB58471FF8C540C1CD08114FEE63C78" blockId="49.[151,456,510,573]" box="[151,295,546,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation id="133198F4FF8C540C1CD88114FF373C79" box="[159,246,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 3132" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1000,1024]" captionTargetBox="[275,1314,181,976]" captionTargetId="figure-29@22.[274,1314,181,976]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 3132. Tetraponera natalensis group workers, full-face (dorsal) view of head (a) and lateral profile of body (b). 31, T. setosa, holotype, Uganda (CASENT0794346); 32, T. kosi, holotype, South Africa (CASENT0815472). Images from AntWeb (www.antweb.org); photographers Matthew Prebus (31), Jill Oberski (32)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245649" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245649/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133198F4FF8C540C1D458114FEDE3C78" box="[258,287,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 4146" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-29@24.[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 4146. Distribution maps for Afrotropical Tetraponera. 41, T. andrei (circles), T. anthracina (triangles), T. insularis (square); 42, T. caffra (circles), T. redacta (triangles); 43, T. mocquerysi (circles), T. schulthessi (triangles); 44, T. natalensis (circles), T. setosa (triangle); 45, T. aethiops (circles), T. kosi (triangle); 46, T. latifrons (circles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245661/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">45</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310D7FAFF8C540C1CD0815CFD9D3A81" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB58471FF8C540C1CD0815CFC633D51" blockId="49.[151,1437,618,1797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1CD0815CFE853CC1" bold="true" box="[151,324,618,644]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Type material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B628E2CFF8C540C1D1F815CFDBE3C89" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3861810387" collectingDate="2010-04-09" collectionCode="SAMC" collectorName="P. G. Hawkes" country="South Africa" elevation="9" latitude="-28.36359" location="Northern Coastal Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.43065" municipality="Main Beach" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="CASENT0815472" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1D1F815CFDDA3CC1" box="[344,539,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="54B13AD3FF8C540C1D1F815CFE7E3CC1" box="[344,447,618,644]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
worker
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FF8C540C1E76815CFD093CC1" box="[561,712,618,644]" name="South Africa" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49CE4A93FF8C540C1E9D815CFC4C3CC1" box="[730,909,618,644]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
, St. Lucia, nr
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD11E0BFF8C540C1805815CFB123CC1" box="[1090,1235,618,644]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Main Beach</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="4CF22994FF8C540C18A2815CFAD93CC0" box="[1253,1304,618,645]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="9.0">
<elevation id="00276342FF8C540C18A2815CFAD93CC0" box="[1253,1304,618,645]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EE2B6FF8C540C196D815CFA5D3CC0" box="[1322,1436,618,645]" degrees="28.36359" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="-28.36359">-28.36359</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3EE2B6FF8C540C1CD081B8FEC23CEC" box="[151,259,654,681]" degrees="32.43065" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="1" value="32.43065">32.43065</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFB4A2B1FF8C540C1D4881B8FE513CED" box="[271,400,654,680]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2010-04-09">
<collectingDate id="EFF05B59FF8C540C1D4881B8FE513CED" box="[271,400,654,680]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2010-04-09">9 Apr 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, nest in
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1DAA81B8FD033CED" box="[493,706,654,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vachellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kosiensis">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1DAA81B8FD033CED" box="[493,706,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Vachellia kosiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thorn, forest fringe (
<location id="8ED5D2AAFF8C540C1FEB81B8FB7E3CEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A33567FF8C540C1CD082C9FCE33941:8ED5D2AAFF8C540C1FEB81B8FB7E3CEC" box="[940,1215,654,681]" country="South Africa" latitude="-28.36359" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.43065" municipality="Main Beach" name="Northern Coastal Forest" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Northern Coastal Forest</location>
),
<collectorName id="26FFE1A7FF8C540C189481B9FAAA3CED" box="[1235,1387,654,681]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. G. Hawkes</collectorName>
SL- MB-wp08-N (
<specimenCode id="DBAC2C0AFF8C540C1D708184FDCB3C88" box="[311,522,690,717]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CASENT0815472</specimenCode>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1E668184FDB63C89" box="[545,631,690,716]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54B13AD3FF8C540C1ECD8185FD3A3C88" box="[650,763,691,717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FF8C540C1F418184FC463C89" box="[774,903,690,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="worker">17 workers</specimenCount>
, 5 queens, and
<materialsCitation id="3B628E2CFF8C540C18718184FC5F3D51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3861810445" collectingDate="2010-04-09" collectionCode="AFRC, CASC, MCZC, PSWC, SAMC, UCDC" collectorName="P. G. Hawkes" country="South Africa" elevation="9" latitude="-28.36359" location="Northern Coastal Forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.43065" municipality="Main Beach" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCode="CASENT0886898" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0C4FF8FF8C540C18718184FB513C89" box="[1078,1168,690,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype, except collection codes SL-MB-wp08-NT-2, SL-MB-wp08-NT-3, and SL-MB-wp08-NT-4 (
<specimenCode id="DBAC2C0AFF8C540C18EA81E0FABF3CB5" box="[1197,1406,726,752]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CASENT0886898</specimenCode>
to CASENT0886922) (
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1D3981CCFE0D3D51" box="[382,460,762,788]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">AFRC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1D9081CCFDE23D51" box="[471,547,762,788]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">CASC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1E6981CCFD413D51" box="[558,640,762,788]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">MCZC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1ECC81CCFD1B3D51" box="[651,730,762,788]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PSWC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1EA181CCFCF93D51" box="[742,824,762,788]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1F0481CCFC573D51" box="[835,918,762,788]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kd99-229r" name="R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">UCDC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58471FF8C540C1C808028FDE23DC4" blockId="49.[151,1437,618,1797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1C808028FE1B3D7D" bold="true" box="[199,474,798,824]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Worker measurements</emphasis>
(n=9). HW 0.98-1.08, HL 1.11-1.31, LHT 0.75-0.85, CI 0.82-0.88, FCI 0.10-0.13, REL 0.43-0.46, REL2 0.50-0.56, SI 0.46-0.49, SI3 0.85-0.97, FI 0.45-0.51, PLI 0.68-0.74, PWI 0.61-0.72, LHT/ HW 0.76-0.79, CSC 3-6, MSC 4-5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB58471FF8C540C1C8080BCFD9D3A81" blockId="49.[151,1437,618,1797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1C8080BCFE5B3DE1" bold="true" box="[199,410,906,932]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Worker diagnosis</emphasis>
. Similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1E6780BDFDBE3DE1" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[544,639,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1E6780BDFDBE3DE1" box="[544,639,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. caffra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above) with regard to head size, eye size, configuration of frontal carinae, and shape of anterior clypeal margin; scapes similarly short (
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1FED8098FC053D8D" box="[938,964,942,968]" country="Argentina" name="Museo Botánico (SI)" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Herbarium">SI</collectionCode>
0.46-0.49) and profemur robust (
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C19788098FA983D8D" box="[1343,1369,942,968]" country="Italy" name="Natural History Museum" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Herbarium">FI</collectionCode>
0.45- 0.51, FW/PL 0.52-0.56); mesonotum bounded posteriorly by a very weak transverse impression; metanotal plate not differentiated from dorsal face of propodeum; petiole relatively short and narrow (
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C183280C0FB603A55" box="[1141,1185,1014,1040]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PLI</collectionCode>
0.68-0.74, PWI 0.61- 0.72, FW/
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FF8C540C1D4E872CFEED3A71" box="[265,300,1050,1076]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PH</collectingCountry>
0.72-0.76); in profile, petiolar node with steep anterodorsal face rounding into a more gently sloping posterodorsal face; in dorsal view, petiole narrowly obovate (
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1F268708FC5E3A1D" box="[865,927,1086,1112]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">DPW</collectionCode>
/HW 0.39-0.44). Standing pilosity relatively sparse (
<collectionCode id="ED1B1CB4FF8C540C1CAC8754FEE33A39" box="[235,290,1122,1148]" country="Cuba" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12869" name="Colegio del Sagrado Corazón" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="Herbarium">CSC</collectionCode>
3-6, MSC 4-5). Medium brown, the mandibles, antennae, anterior margin of head, tibiae, and tarsi light yellowish-brown; in some workers, luteous coloration extending to parts of the pronotum, postpetiole and gaster, producing a banded pattern on the latter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310D7FAFF8C540C1C8087F8FBC43830" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB58471FF8C540C1C8087F8FBC43830" blockId="49.[151,1437,618,1797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1C8087F8FE893AAD" bold="true" box="[199,328,1230,1256]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Comments</emphasis>
. Like
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1DD487F9FE333AAD" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[403,498,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1DD487F9FE333AAD" box="[403,498,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. caffra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the worker of this species has rather short scapes and a robust profemur such that FW/SL 0.68-0.77 (
<quantity id="4CF22994FF8C540C1D3687C4FE3F3B49" box="[369,510,1266,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8415" metricValueMax="1.9304" metricValueMin="1.7526" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="0.725" valueMax="0.76" valueMin="0.69">0.69-0.76 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1E4E87C5FDAA3B49" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[521,619,1266,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1E4E87C5FDAA3B49" box="[521,619,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. caffra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), as opposed to FW/SL
<quantity id="4CF22994FF8C540C1FCB87C4FBD63B49" box="[908,1047,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5112999999999999" metricValueMax="1.6764" metricValueMin="1.3462" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="0.595" valueMax="0.66" valueMin="0.53">0.53-0.66 in</quantity>
other orange-brown and medium brown species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1DD58621FDE23B75" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[402,547,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1DD58621FDE23B75" box="[402,547,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Workers of
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1F4D8621FC973B75" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[778,854,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosi">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1F4D8621FC973B75" box="[778,854,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. kosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C18918621FAF93B75" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1238,1336,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C18918621FAF93B75" box="[1238,1336,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. caffra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by their predominantly darker (medium brown) coloration and a slightly less robust petiole (DPW/HW 0.39-0.44, FW/
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FF8C540C193E860CFA5D3B11" box="[1401,1436,1338,1364]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PH</collectingCountry>
0.72-0.76, as opposed to DPW/HW 0.45-0.49, FW/
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FF8C540C1EA58668FCC43B3D" box="[738,773,1374,1400]" name="Philippines" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PH</collectingCountry>
<quantity id="4CF22994FF8C540C1F498668FC593B3D" box="[782,920,1374,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7145" metricValueMax="1.8034" metricValueMin="1.6256" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="0.675" valueMax="0.71" valueMin="0.64">0.64-0.71 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1FE68669FBC03B3D" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[929,1025,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1FE68669FBC03B3D" box="[929,1025,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. caffra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Although samples sizes are small, similar differences seem to apply to the queens: those of
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1F5286B5FC9F3BD9" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[789,862,1410,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosi">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1F5286B5FC9F3BD9" box="[789,862,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. kosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are predominantly medium to dark brown in color, with a more slender petiole (DPW/HW 0.48-0.51; n=4), while the queens of
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1FB28691FB953B85" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1013,1108,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1FB28691FB953B85" box="[1013,1108,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. caffra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are light orange-brown, with a slightly broader petiole (DPW/HW 0.53-0.56; n=2). A possible distinguishing feature of
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C18DA86FDFB263BA1" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[1181,1255,1482,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosi">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C18DA86FDFB263BA1" box="[1181,1255,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. kosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males is longer metatibiae (LHT/HW 1.09-1.13; n=3) compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1E9586D9FCF1384D" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[722,816,1518,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1E9586D9FCF1384D" box="[722,816,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. caffra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(LHT/HW 1.07; n=1) but this requires confirmation. At a coarse geographical scale, the known population of
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1EAA8525FCF43869" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[749,821,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosi">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1EAA8525FCF43869" box="[749,821,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. kosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is contained within the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C18E58525FAC13869" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1186,1280,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C18E58525FAC13869" box="[1186,1280,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. caffra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="133198F4FF8C540C19498524FA4E3868" box="[1294,1423,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 4146" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-29@24.[157,1430,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 4146. Distribution maps for Afrotropical Tetraponera. 41, T. andrei (circles), T. anthracina (triangles), T. insularis (square); 42, T. caffra (circles), T. redacta (triangles); 43, T. mocquerysi (circles), T. schulthessi (triangles); 44, T. natalensis (circles), T. setosa (triangle); 45, T. aethiops (circles), T. kosi (triangle); 46, T. latifrons (circles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6245661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6245661/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 43, 46</figureCitation>
), and hence the phenotypic differences between them can be interpreted as indicating that they are not conspecific. Further studies are needed, however, on the relationship between the two taxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310D7FAFF8C540C1C808548FA5438A4" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB58471FF8C540C1C808548FA5438A4" blockId="49.[151,1437,618,1797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1C808548FE2D38DD" bold="true" box="[199,492,1662,1688]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1DBC8549FD8538DD" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2022" box="[507,580,1662,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosi">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1DBC8549FD8538DD" box="[507,580,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. kosi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from one coastal forest site in
<collectingRegion id="49CE4A93FF8C540C180F8548FB3A38DD" box="[1096,1275,1662,1688]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31DC4E1FF8C540C19418548FA5938DD" box="[1286,1432,1662,1688]" name="South Africa" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, where four nest series were collected in thorns of
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C1EFE8594FC4A38F9" box="[697,907,1698,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vachellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kosiensis">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1EFE8594FC4A38F9" box="[697,907,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Vachellia kosiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, each from a different tree. The ants were found to keep scale insects in the thorns (Peter Hawkes, pers. comm.,
<date id="FFB4A2B1FF8C540C1F1885F0FBDD38A5" box="[863,1052,1734,1761]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2022-01-14">14 January 2022</date>
), in apparent contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C0AFFF2FF8C540C197785F1FA4F38A5" baseAuthorityName="Santschi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1328,1422,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetraponera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C197785F1FA4F38A5" box="[1328,1422,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">T. caffra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C310D7FAFF8C540C1C8085DCFCE33941" box="[199,802,1770,1797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB58471FF8C540C1C8085DCFCE33941" blockId="49.[151,1437,618,1797]" box="[199,802,1770,1797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B97E5863FF8C540C1C8085DCFE683941" bold="true" box="[199,425,1770,1796]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined</emphasis>
. Known only from
<typeStatus id="54B13AD3FF8C540C1EC085DDFD763940" box="[647,695,1771,1797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>