424 lines
120 KiB
XML
424 lines
120 KiB
XML
<document id="18B69EE6FE861DC68BD4AFAAD70E5943" ID-DOI="10.1515/bot-2020-0074" ID-ISSN="1437-4323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11000061" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1713579628569" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Puckree-Padua, Courtney A., Gabrielson, Paul W. & Maneveldt, Gavin W." docDate="2021" docId="039387E3FF84FF958B890738071BFFE5" docLanguage="en" docName="BotMar.64.1.19-40.pdf" docOrigin="Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 64 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0074" docStyle="DocumentStyle:852F6101A3F2630EFBDAB42A7703A325.1:BotMar.2015-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="852F6101A3F2630EFBDAB42A7703A325" docStyleName="BotMar.2015-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Chamberlainium occidentale Puckree-Padua, P. W. Gabrielson et Maneveldt 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFAAFF9BFF8FFF9A8B5D027B0617FB25" masterDocTitle="DNA sequencing reveals three new species of Chamberlainium (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from South Africa, all formerly passing under Spongites yendoi" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1715690441046" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="88DB080B3FEC2433258E2010716DF09A">DNA sequencing reveals three new species of Chamberlainium (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from South Africa, all formerly passing under Spongites yendoi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9D0623C561DDB177FB693F643D9FA9DF">Puckree-Padua, Courtney A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D29108708A4BA116C5CE3A8C27D20F4A">Gabrielson, Paul W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC965BE1A3742B6534C447A86D6D1FF2">Maneveldt, Gavin W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1552C1CDF6BCE1F20F3C02E8610CD276">Botanica Marina</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="18666D00768727293EA809DEC69EE340">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039387E3FF84FF958B890738071BFFE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387E3FF84FF958B890738071BFFE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387E3FF84FF958B890738071BFFE5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C320657EFF84FF918B89073807D3FE85" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF84FF918B89073807D3FE85" blockId="11.[166,794,796,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF918B8907380457FE58" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D76FF84FF918B89073807C7FE58" authority="Puckree-Padua, P.W. Gabrielson et Maneveldt" authorityName="Puckree-Padua, P. W. Gabrielson et Maneveldt" authorityYear="2021" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Chamberlainium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="occidentale" status="sp. nov.">
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Chamberlainium occidentale Puckree-Padua, P.W. Gabrielson
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<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF918A6F071D075FFE58" bold="true" box="[306,328,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">et</emphasis>
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Maneveldt
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D579CFF84FF918A8307130457FE58" box="[478,576,1384,1405]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918908071304D4FE5B" box="[597,707,1384,1406]" captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="4.[136,203,1226,1245]" captionTargetBox="[137,758,192,1186]" captionTargetId="figure-198@4.[136,759,191,1187]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 4–6: Habit photographs of ChamberlainiUm capenSe, C. gleboSUm and C. occidentale. (4) ChamberlainiUm capenSe is moderately thick to mostly lumpy and only slightly protuberant. Scale bar = 20 mm. (5) ChamberlainiUm gleboSUm is thick, very lumpy and highly protuberant. Scale bar = 20 mm. (6) ChamberlainiUm occidentale is morphologically highly variable, occurring as thin encrusting (smooth) to thick warty (mostly) to lumpy plants, and are only slightly protuberant. Scale bar = 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000071/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figures 6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF91898807130502FE58" box="[725,789,1383,1406]" captionStart="Figures 31–35" captionStartId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 31–35: ChamberlainiUm occidentale habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical filaments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50 μm. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary filaments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">31–35</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918BFB07F106FEFEBA" box="[166,233,1417,1440]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">36–41</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918BA907F1072EFE85" box="[244,313,1417,1440]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">42–46</figureCitation>
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; Tables 1, 2).
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B523CA8FF84FF918B8E07D604A7FD22" collectingDate="2015-10-01" collectionCode="G, W, C, A, B" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="L 3986120" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54818857FF84FF918B8E07D60757FEE7" box="[211,320,1453,1474]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DB9C9E8EFF84FF918A1207D607D7FEE6" box="[335,448,1453,1475]" collectionCode="L" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">L 3986120</specimenCode>
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,
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<date id="FF841035FF84FF918A9007D60424FEE6" box="[461,563,1453,1475]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" value="2015-10-01">
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<collectingDate id="EFC0E9DDFF84FF918A9007D60424FEE6" box="[461,563,1453,1475]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" value="2015-10-01">01.x.2015</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF91891C07D707A7FEC0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
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leg.
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<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF84FF91893207D60495FEE7" box="[623,642,1453,1474]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF84FF9189D807D6048AFEE7" box="[645,669,1453,1474]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
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. Maneveldt and
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<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF84FF918B8707B406FCFEC1" box="[218,235,1487,1508]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF84FF918BB207B40716FEC1" box="[239,257,1487,1508]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
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. Puckree-Padua
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</emphasis>
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, collection number 15/61
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<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF84FF91898C07B404F5FEC0" box="[721,738,1487,1509]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
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, epilithic on primary bedrock in low intertidal zone.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B523CA8FF84FF918B8E046F078EFD0F" box="[211,409,1556,1578]" collectionCode="UWC" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="UWC 15" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Isotypes">
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<typeStatus id="54818857FF84FF918B8E046F0720FD0C" box="[211,311,1556,1577]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="isotype">Isotypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DB9C9E8EFF84FF918A1E046F078EFD0F" box="[323,409,1556,1578]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">UWC 15</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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/58,
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<materialsCitation id="3B523CA8FF84FF918A9A046F040BFD0F" box="[455,540,1556,1578]" collectionCode="UWC" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="UWC 15" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Isotypes">
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<specimenCode id="DB9C9E8EFF84FF918A9A046F040BFD0F" box="[455,540,1556,1578]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">UWC 15</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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/59,
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<materialsCitation id="3B523CA8FF84FF918916046F0489FD0F" box="[587,670,1556,1578]" collectionCode="UWC" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="UWC 15" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Isotypes">
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<specimenCode id="DB9C9E8EFF84FF918916046F0489FD0F" box="[587,670,1556,1578]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">UWC 15</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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/61
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<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF84FF9189E0046F04C7FD0F" box="[701,720,1556,1578]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF918B8E044C0764FD68" bold="true" box="[211,371,1591,1613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Type locality:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B523CA8FF84FF918A21044C047DFD4A" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.109547" location="Lamberts Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.302116" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
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<collectingCountry id="F32D7665FF84FF918A21044C041EFD68" box="[380,521,1591,1613]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FEF817FF84FF918949044C0501FD68" box="[532,790,1591,1613]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="8EE5602EFF84FF918BFB0422072CFD4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387E3FF84FF958B890738071BFFE5:8EE5602EFF84FF918BFB0422072CFD4A" box="[166,315,1625,1647]" country="South Africa" latitude="-32.109547" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.302116" name="Lamberts Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Western Cape">Lamberts Bay</location>
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(
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E5032FF84FF918A8804220475FD4A" box="[469,610,1624,1647]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="18.1270" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="18.302116">18°18.1270′ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320657EFF84FF918B8E04070510FDF2" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF84FF918B8E04070510FDF2" blockId="11.[166,794,796,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF918B8E0407074FFDB4" bold="true" box="[211,344,1660,1681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D76FF84FF918A3F040007F5FDB4" authorityName="Puckree-Padua, P. W. Gabrielson et Maneveldt" authorityYear="2021" box="[354,482,1659,1682]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Chamberlainium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="occidentale">
|
||
‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF918A34040007F5FDB4" bold="true" box="[361,482,1659,1681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">occidentale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ from ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF91896E040004BFFDB4" bold="true" box="[563,680,1659,1681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
’, meaning western (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B04FF84FF918A5904E4076AFD90" author="Stearn, W. T." box="[260,381,1695,1717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" refId="ref16940" refString="Stearn, W. T. (1973). Botanical Latin. David and Charles, Newton Abbot." type="book" year="1973">Stearn 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), making reference to the species’ widespread distribution along the west coast of Southern Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320657EFF84FF958B8E049806ECF8D5" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF84FF918B8E0498024DFF01" blockId="11.[166,794,796,1924]" lastBlockId="11.[824,1452,796,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF918B8E04980774FDDC" bold="true" box="[211,355,1763,1785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Non-geniculate, thalli are variably thin to thick (up to 1000 µm), encrusting (smooth) to warty (mostly) to lumpy, becoming only slightly protuberant. Thalli are epilithic to epizoic and brownish beige in well-lit conditions. Individual crusts do not appear to coalesce (do not fuse together) and are easily discernible. The thallus construction is monomerous with a single layer of epithallial cells.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF84FF918892011905F7F852" box="[975,992,866,887]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
central columella is present in tetrasporangial conceptacles, which persists to maturity. The pore opening in mature tetrasporangial conceptacles is unoccluded and slightly sunken below the surrounding roof surface. The
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF918888019005EBFF24" bold="true" box="[981,1020,1003,1025]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">psb</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF84FF9188A001970219FF24" box="[1021,1038,1004,1025]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
(851 bp) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF918F9C019002F3FF24" bold="true" box="[1217,1252,1003,1025]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">rbc</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF84FF918FB8019702E4FF24" box="[1253,1267,1004,1025]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
(691–1,384 bp) sequences are diagnostic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF84FF918838064A02E5FFAE" blockId="11.[824,1452,796,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF918838064A05D3FF62" bold="true" box="[869,964,1073,1095]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Thalli were epilithic on the primary bedrock in the high, mid- and low intertidal zones and epizoic on mollusc shells in the low intertidal zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF84FF91883806E302F7FEE6" blockId="11.[824,1452,796,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF91883806E30334FF88" bold="true" box="[869,1315,1176,1198]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Vegetative morphology and anatomy:</emphasis>
|
||
Plants were non-geniculate, thalli were variably thin to thick (up to 1000
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF84FF91882E06A60597FFD1" bold="true" box="[883,896,1245,1268]" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">μ</emphasis>
|
||
m), encrusting (smooth) to warty (mostly) to lumpy, becoming only slightly protuberant (protuberances
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B10FF84FF918E30077B03BCFE33" box="[1389,1451,1280,1302]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF9188E60759023EFE1D" box="[955,1065,1314,1336]" captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="4.[136,203,1226,1245]" captionTargetBox="[137,758,192,1186]" captionTargetId="figure-198@4.[136,759,191,1187]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 4–6: Habit photographs of ChamberlainiUm capenSe, C. gleboSUm and C. occidentale. (4) ChamberlainiUm capenSe is moderately thick to mostly lumpy and only slightly protuberant. Scale bar = 20 mm. (5) ChamberlainiUm gleboSUm is thick, very lumpy and highly protuberant. Scale bar = 20 mm. (6) ChamberlainiUm occidentale is morphologically highly variable, occurring as thin encrusting (smooth) to thick warty (mostly) to lumpy plants, and are only slightly protuberant. Scale bar = 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000071/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figures 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918F6407580244FE1C" box="[1081,1107,1315,1337]" captionStart="Figures 31–35" captionStartId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 31–35: ChamberlainiUm occidentale habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical filaments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50 μm. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary filaments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thalli were firmly adherent, brownish beige (in well-lit conditions) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918FB9073E035EFE7E" box="[1252,1353,1349,1371]" captionStart="Figures 4–6" captionStartId="4.[136,203,1226,1245]" captionTargetBox="[137,758,192,1186]" captionTargetId="figure-198@4.[136,759,191,1187]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 4–6: Habit photographs of ChamberlainiUm capenSe, C. gleboSUm and C. occidentale. (4) ChamberlainiUm capenSe is moderately thick to mostly lumpy and only slightly protuberant. Scale bar = 20 mm. (5) ChamberlainiUm gleboSUm is thick, very lumpy and highly protuberant. Scale bar = 20 mm. (6) ChamberlainiUm occidentale is morphologically highly variable, occurring as thin encrusting (smooth) to thick warty (mostly) to lumpy plants, and are only slightly protuberant. Scale bar = 30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000071/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figures 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) to bluegray to rosy pink (in dim light) when freshly collected. Individual crusts did not coalesce (did not fuse together) and were easily discernible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918F3007D602C3FEE6" box="[1133,1236,1453,1475]" captionStart="Figures 31–35" captionStartId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 31–35: ChamberlainiUm occidentale habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical filaments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50 μm. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary filaments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figure 31</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF84FF96883807B404EBFEF5" blockId="11.[824,1452,796,1924]" lastBlockId="12.[136,764,1398,1938]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Thalli were dorsiventrally organized, monomerous and haustoria were absent. The medulla was thin and plumose (non-coaxial) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918F1A046F02FAFD0F" box="[1095,1261,1556,1578]" captionStart="Figures 31–35" captionStartId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 31–35: ChamberlainiUm occidentale habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical filaments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50 μm. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary filaments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figures 32, 33</figureCitation>
|
||
). Medullary filaments comprised square to elongate cells, which gave rise to cortical filaments that comprised square to rectangular cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF9188240407020FFDB7" box="[889,1048,1660,1682]" captionStart="Figures 31–35" captionStartId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 31–35: ChamberlainiUm occidentale habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical filaments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50 μm. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary filaments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figures 33, 34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Contiguous medullary and cortical filaments were joined by cell fusions; secondary pit connections were absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918F6C04BA02C6FDF2" box="[1073,1233,1729,1751]" captionStart="Figures 31–35" captionStartId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 31–35: ChamberlainiUm occidentale habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical filaments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50 μm. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary filaments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figures 33, 34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subepithallial initials were square to rectangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918FC504980317FDDC" box="[1176,1280,1763,1785]" captionStart="Figures 31–35" captionStartId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 31–35: ChamberlainiUm occidentale habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical filaments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50 μm. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary filaments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). The epithallus was single layered with elliptical to round to elongate cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918862055205BEFC1B" box="[831,937,1832,1855]" captionStart="Figures 31–35" captionStartId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 31–35: ChamberlainiUm occidentale habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical filaments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50 μm. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary filaments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Trichocytes were common, mostly singularly, but also in clusters of up to 6 cells, separated by normal vegetative filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF84FF918F7F0515029AFCA1" box="[1058,1165,1902,1924]" captionStart="Figures 31–35" captionStartId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 31–35: ChamberlainiUm occidentale habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical filaments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50 μm. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary filaments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative filaments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="30">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Trichocytes were always terminal and never intercalary in the cortex; buried trichocytes were not observed. Data on morphological and measured vegetative characters are summarized in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45667DFF83FF968BD5018F036AFE6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11000081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000081/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" startId="12.[136,203,1012,1031]" targetBox="[137,982,195,972]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF83FF968BD5018F036AFE6D" blockId="12.[136,1405,1011,1352]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF968BD5018F0482FF64" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Figures 26
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF968BB4018F06E2FF22" bold="true" box="[233,245,1012,1031]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">–</emphasis>
|
||
30:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D76FF83FF968A4001880403FF22" authorityName="Puckree-Padua, P. W. Gabrielson et Maneveldt" authorityYear="2021" box="[285,532,1011,1031]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Chamberlainium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="38" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="glebosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF968A4001880403FF22" bold="true" box="[285,532,1011,1031]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Chamberlainium glebosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tetrasporangial anatomy. (26) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripherally arranged tetrasporangial initials (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (black arrow) (UWC 15/17). Scale bar = 50
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF9689F806550250FF59" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">m. (27) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) with a developing central columella (white arrowhead). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (black arrow) (UWC 15/17). Scale bar = 50</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF968F0806120241FF93" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">m. (28) Vertical section through a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangial initials (t) arranged peripherally around a central columella (between white arrowheads). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (black arrow) being shed (L 3986123).Scale bar = 50</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF968F3906D806DCFFD4" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">m. (29) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-de</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF968B8B06A504EBFE2B" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">ned central columella (C). Note the base of the pore canal sunken into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward (black arrowheads) (UWC 15/55). Scale bar = 100</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF9688500680059AFE2B" bold="true" box="[781,909,1275,1294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">m. (30) Magni</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF9688C506800340FE6D" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">ed view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward (UWC 15/55).Scale bar = 20</emphasis>
|
||
μ m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF83FF968BE807A506C4FD7E" blockId="12.[136,764,1398,1938]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF83FF968BE807A504B0FED6" bold="true" box="[181,679,1502,1524]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Reproductive morphology and anatomy:</emphasis>
|
||
Gametangial thalli were dioecious and monoecious. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818857FF83FF968990047A04EBFD33" box="[717,764,1537,1558]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen bore all (including tetrasporangial) life cycle stages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF83FF968BE804130594FDE6" blockId="12.[136,764,1398,1938]" lastBlockId="12.[794,1421,1398,1938]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Spermatangial (male) conceptacles were uniporate, low-domed, and raised above surrounding thallus surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF83FF968BD204D6073AFDE6" box="[143,301,1709,1731]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figures 36, 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conceptacle chambers were transversely elliptical to flatten and the roof nearly twice as thick along the pore canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF83FF968A6E048907D9FC2D" box="[307,462,1778,1800]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figures 37, 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). The roof was formed from filaments peripheral to the fertile area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF83FF968927056E04E7FC0E" box="[634,752,1813,1835]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Throughout the early development, a protective layer of epithallial cells surrounded the conceptacle primordium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF83FF968BD2050706ECFCB7" box="[143,251,1916,1938]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
). This protective layer was shed once the pore canal was near fully developed. The pore opening was occluded by a mucilage plug (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF83FF968F3707E202C2FE8A" box="[1130,1237,1433,1455]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figure 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). In mature conceptacles terminal initials along the pore canal were enlarged and papillate, they projected into the pore canal and were orientated more or less parallel to the conceptacle roof surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF83FF9688E804580232FD1C" box="[949,1061,1571,1593]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figure 38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unbranched (simple) spermatangial systems were confined to the floor of the mature conceptacle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF83FF9688F504130255FD5B" box="[936,1090,1640,1662]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figures 36, 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Senescent male conceptacles appeared to be shed as no buried conceptacles were observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF83FF97881A04AB0477FC00" blockId="12.[794,1421,1398,1938]" lastBlockId="13.[166,794,1635,1933]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Carpogonial (female) conceptacles were similar in size and shape to spermatangial conceptacles and were raised above surrounding thallus surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF83FF968FFF056E0319FC0E" box="[1186,1294,1813,1835]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="31">Figure 39</figureCitation>
|
||
). In mature conceptacles the terminal initials along the pore canal were enlarged and papillate, they projected into the pore canal and were orientated more or less parallel or nearly perpendicular to the conceptacle roof surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF82FF9789F904180519FD5C" box="[676,782,1635,1657]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Figure 39</figureCitation>
|
||
). Carpogonial branches developed across the floor of the conceptacle chamber, comprising a single support cell, a hypogynous cell and a carpogonium that extended into a trichogyne (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF82FF978A6D049607B5FC26" box="[304,418,1773,1795]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Figure 39</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sterile cells were occasionally present on hypogynous cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF82FF978AB605740443FC00" box="[491,596,1807,1829]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Figure 39</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45667DFF82FF978BFB065607C7FD14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11191563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11191563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11191563/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" startId="13.[166,233,1069,1088]" targetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF82FF978BFB065607C7FD14" blockId="13.[166,778,1068,1585]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978BFB065604ACFFBD" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Figures 31
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978A5E06560718FF65" bold="true" box="[259,271,1069,1088]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
35:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D76FF82FF978A6A0657042AFF65" authorityName="Puckree-Padua, P. W. Gabrielson et Maneveldt" authorityYear="2021" box="[311,573,1068,1088]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Chamberlainium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="occidentale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978A6A0657042AFF65" bold="true" box="[311,573,1068,1088]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Chamberlainium occidentale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
habit and vegetative anatomy. (31) Rock fragment with holotype specimen showing the region (white arrow) of the holotype from which all analyses were done (L 3986120, gametangial and tetrasporangial). Scale
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978BFB06D907CEFFCA" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">bar = 10 mm. (32) Vertical section through the margin (black arrow) showing the monomerous thallus construction with plumose medulla (M) giving rise to cortical</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978AB706A706E3FE0F" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">laments (C) that terminate in a single layer of epithallial cells (black arrowhead) (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 50</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978A59076C0414FE62" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">m. (33) Vertical section of the inner thallus showing cell fusions (f) between adjacent medullary</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF97894E074F06E3FE41" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">laments (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978A58072A06FDFE99" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">m. (34) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note the cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978BA607D2045CFE99" bold="true" box="[251,587,1449,1468]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">laments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF97890107D204A6FD36" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">m. (35) Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single layer of epithallial cells (e) subtended by a layer of subepithallial initials (i). Note a cluster of bottle-shaped trichocytes (t) each separated by vegetative</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF97899C047B07B0FD14" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">laments (UWC 15/59). Scale bar = 20</emphasis>
|
||
μ m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF45667DFF82FF978865063E0300FCAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" startId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" targetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF82FF978865063E0300FCAE" blockId="13.[824,1437,1093,1931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978865063E0384FF7C" bold="true" box="[824,1427,1093,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Figures 36
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF9788C5063D05B3FF7C" bold="true" box="[920,932,1094,1113]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">–</emphasis>
|
||
41:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D76FF82FF978896063E02D0FF7C" authorityName="Puckree-Padua, P. W. Gabrielson et Maneveldt" authorityYear="2021" box="[971,1223,1093,1113]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Chamberlainium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="32" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="occidentale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978896063E02D0FF7C" bold="true" box="[971,1223,1093,1113]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Chamberlainium occidentale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gametangial anatomy.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF9788650618054FFFE8" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">(36) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) con</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF97883E06C1023AFFE8" bold="true" box="[867,1069,1210,1229]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ned to the conceptacle</emphasis>
|
||
fl
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978F6006C10326FFCE" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">oor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978E1D06A3054FFE45" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">m. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) con</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF97883E0736023DFE45" bold="true" box="[867,1066,1357,1376]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ned to the conceptacle</emphasis>
|
||
fl
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978F6407360358FE45" bold="true" box="[1081,1359,1357,1376]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">oor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978E0007360578FE58" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">m. (38) Magni</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF9788270711034AFE92" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ed view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF97886507BA0595FEF1" bold="true" box="[824,898,1473,1492]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">bar = 20</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF9788CC07BA021CFEF1" bold="true" box="[913,1035,1473,1492]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">m. (39) Magni</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978F4B07BA0279FDA1" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ed view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978F20040A038DFD9B" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">m. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF97881E04B3036AFDFE" bold="true" box="[835,1405,1736,1755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">laments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120).</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978865049D05A4FDDC" bold="true" box="[824,947,1766,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Scale bar = 50</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF97889F049D0220FDDC" bold="true" box="[962,1079,1766,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">m. (41) Magni</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978F1F049D02AEFDDC" bold="true" box="[1090,1209,1766,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">ed view of the</emphasis>
|
||
fl
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978F95049D0320FC16" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">oor of a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF82FF978E1A055B02E7FCAE" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">lament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20</emphasis>
|
||
μ m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF82FF948B8905490336FD17" blockId="13.[166,794,1635,1933]" lastBlockId="14.[794,1422,1426,1932]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">
|
||
After presumed karyogamy, carposporophytes developed within female conceptacles and formed carposporangial conceptacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF82FF978A82050C0458FCA8" box="[479,591,1911,1933]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="32">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
). Carposporangial conceptacles were comparatively large, low-domed, and raised above the surrounding thallus surface. Conceptacle chambers were transversely elliptical with flattened bottoms presumably caused by the growth of the gonimoblast filaments. Pore canals tapered towards the surface, were lined by enlarged papillate cells that projected into the pore canal and were orientated more or less parallel to the conceptacle roof surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF81FF94890104FF04D9FDBF" box="[604,718,1668,1690]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
). In mature conceptacles, the cells lining the pore canal were more elongate than their inward derivatives. The base of the pore canal was sunken into the chamber and terminal initials near the base characteristically pointed downward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF81FF948B90054A072DFC62" box="[205,314,1841,1863]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Figure 40</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE30FF81FF948A11054A074AFC63" box="[332,349,1841,1862]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
discontinuous central fusion cell was present and 5–7 celled gonimoblast filaments (including a terminal carposporangium) developed along the periphery of the conceptacle chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF81FF948F8607E90395FE8D" box="[1243,1410,1426,1448]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Figures 40, 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). The remains of unfertilized carpogonia persisted across the dorsal surface of the fusion cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF81FF948FE807AC034FFEC8" box="[1205,1368,1495,1517]" captionStart="Figures 36–41" captionStartId="13.[824,891,1093,1112]" captionTargetBox="[167,1446,192,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 36–41: ChamberlainiUm occidentale gametangial anatomy. (36) Vertical section through the outer thallusshowing a spermatangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrows) and simple spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor. Note the protective layer of epithallial cells (white arrow) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (37) Vertical section through a mature, raised spermatangial conceptacle showing the mucilage plug (white arrowhead) that occludes the pore opening and simple, spermatangial systems (black arrowheads) confined to the conceptacle floor (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 50 μm. (38) Magnified view through a mature spermatangial conceptacle showing the pore canal lined with terminal, elongate initials (black arrowheads) that project into the pore canal as papillae (UWC 15/56). Scale bar = 20 μm. (39) Magnified view of a mature carpogonial conceptacle with carpogonial branches comprising a single support cell (s), a hypogynous cell (h) with sterile cell (black arrowhead), and a carpogonium (c) extended into a trichogyne (black arrows) that may project out of the pore. Note that the pore canal is lined with terminal, elongate initials (white arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm. (40) Vertical section through a mature carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowhead) with peripherally arranged gonimoblast filaments each terminating in a carposporangium (C) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (41) Magnified view of the floorof a carposporangial conceptacle showing a discontinuous central fusion cell (black arrowheads) bearing a peripherally arranged gonimoblast filament (1–6) terminating in a carposporangium (C). The remains of unfertilised carpogonial branches(black arrow) persist across the dorsal surface of the central fusion cell (L 3986120). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000083/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Figures 40, 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Senescent carposporangial conceptacles appeared to be shed as no buried conceptacles were observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF45667DFF81FF948BD5018E031EFE6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" startId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" targetBox="[137,982,198,973]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF81FF948BD5018E031EFE6C" blockId="14.[136,1406,1012,1354]" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF81FF948BD5018E0768FF67" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Figures 42
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF81FF948BBA018E06E4FF2D" bold="true" box="[231,243,1013,1032]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">–</emphasis>
|
||
46:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D76FF81FF948A40018F0435FF2D" authorityName="Puckree-Padua, P. W. Gabrielson et Maneveldt" authorityYear="2021" box="[285,546,1012,1032]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Chamberlainium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="33" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="occidentale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF81FF948A40018F0435FF2D" bold="true" box="[285,546,1012,1032]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Chamberlainium occidentale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF81FF948AD206540549FF58" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">m. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF81FF94883106110288FF92" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">m. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF81FF948FF206DF0737FFD7" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">m. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-de</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF81FF948A7606A40341FFD7" bold="true" box="[299,1366,1247,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">ned central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100</emphasis>
|
||
μ
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF81FF948E3B06A406FCFE2A" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">m. (46) Magni</emphasis>
|
||
fi
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF81FF948BAB068702F7FE6C" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">ed view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20</emphasis>
|
||
μ m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF81FF95881A044406ECF8D5" blockId="14.[794,1422,1426,1932]" lastBlockId="15.[166,794,193,1216]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Tetrasporangial thalli are morphologically similar to gametangial thalli. Conceptacles were uniporate, low domed and raised above the surrounding thallus surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF81FF94887C04DD05A9FD99" box="[801,958,1702,1725]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Figures 42–45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conceptacle chambers were transversely elliptical to bean-shaped. The roof was nearly twice as thick along the pore canal and was 5–7 cells (including an epithallial cell) thick. The pore canal tapered towards the surface an was arched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF81FF948F52054A026FFC62" box="[1039,1144,1841,1863]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="33">Figure 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pore canal was lined by elongated papillate cells that projected into the pore canal and were orientated more or less parallel or nearly perpendicular to the conceptacle roof surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF80FF9589FE02BA0519FBF2" box="[675,782,193,215]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Figure 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). The roof was formed from filaments peripheral to the fertile area and terminal initials were more elongate than their inward derivatives (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF80FF958ADD03530409FA1B" box="[384,542,295,318]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Figures 42–44</figureCitation>
|
||
). Throughout the early development a protective layer of epithallial cells surrounded the conceptacle primordium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF80FF95891D031604CCFAA6" box="[576,731,364,387]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Figures 42–44</figureCitation>
|
||
). This protective layer was shed once the pore canal was near fully developed. The pore opening was unoccluded and became slightly sunken below the surrounding roof surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF80FF958BBA038C0785F928" box="[231,402,503,525]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Figures 45, 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Throughout development of the immature tetrasporangial conceptacle a prominent columella of sterile filaments formed at the center of the conceptacle chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF80FF958AC00024042BF950" box="[413,572,607,629]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Figures 43, 44</figureCitation>
|
||
), which persisted to maturity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF80FF958A5300F90761F9B2" box="[270,374,641,664]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Figure 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). The base of the pore canal was sunken into the chamber and terminal initials near the base point downward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF80FF958A7000BC0789F9F8" box="[301,414,711,733]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Figure 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mature conceptacle floors were sunken 14–19 cells (including the epithallial cell) below the surrounding thallus surface. Zonately divided tetrasporangia at maturity were arranged at the extreme periphery of the conceptacle chamber and were attached via a stalk cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A70FF80FF958BF00108073EF8AC" box="[173,297,883,905]" captionStart="Figures 42–46" captionStartId="14.[136,203,1013,1032]" captionTargetBox="[137,982,198,973]" captionTargetId="figure-257@14.[136,983,191,974]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–46: ChamberlainiUm occidentale tetrasporangial anatomy. (42) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing an early stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and a protective layer of epithallial cells (e) (L 3986120). Scale bar = 50 μm. (43) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a later stage tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials arranged peripherally around a central columella (c). Note the persisting layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (44) Vertical section through the outer thallus showing a maturing tetrasporangial conceptacle with peripheral roof development (black arrowheads) and tetrasporangial (t) initials, peripherally arranged around a central columella (c). Note the layer of protective epithallial cells (e) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 50 μm. (45) Vertical section through a mature, raised tetrasporangial conceptacle showing tetrasporangia (t) with stalk cells (white arrowheads), peripherally arranged around a well-defined central columella (C). Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 100 μm. (46) Magnified view of the pore canal of a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing terminal, elongate initials (black arrows) that project into the pore canal as papillae and the base of the pore canal sunken (black arrowheads) into the chamber with terminal, elongate initials near the base pointing downward. Note, the sunken and unoccluded pore opening (white arrow) (UWC 93/220). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11000085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11000085/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Figure 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Senescent tetrasporangial conceptacles appeared to be shed as no buried conceptacles were observed. Data on reproductive characters summarized in Table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C320657EFF80FF958B890186071BFFE5" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536F5FF80FF958B890186071BFFE5" blockId="15.[166,794,193,1216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAE7FF80FF958B890186077EFF36" bold="true" box="[212,361,1021,1043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Confirmed by DNA sequences to be widely distributed (±
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B10FF80FF958AD8065B07F2FF13" box="[389,485,1056,1078]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" unit="km" value="1.2">1,200 km</quantity>
|
||
distance) along the west and southern west coasts, occurring from Lüderitz (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D7665FF80FF9589C6063804EEFF7C" box="[667,761,1091,1113]" name="Namibia" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to Holbaaipunt (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF817FF80FF958A62061E0454FF5E" box="[319,579,1125,1147]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D7665FF80FF958905061E04F1FF5E" box="[600,742,1125,1147]" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species is disjunct in the southern part of its range of ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B10FF80FF958BE806D10710FFE5" box="[181,263,1194,1216]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" unit="km" value="240.0">240 km</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |