250 lines
26 KiB
XML
250 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="F39AEC90F0D0945BDD996FF3938707A6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57f5e3d8-0827-4271-babd-9f2739fa60df" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="222026" ID-ZooBank="BCA7BC2C-C942-4856-BE4A-5B696306A87C" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460622603522" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bąkowski, Marek" docDate="2013" docId="038587BEFF8D583FFF31FAB9FB1246CF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p202.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synanthedon spuleri" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="201" masterDocId="FFBCFFC6FF8B5838FFA6FFAEFFDF4250" masterDocTitle="Morphology of preimaginal stages and taxonomical relationship of Synanthedon spuleri (Fuchs, 1908) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) with closely related species in Central Europe" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="194" pageNumber="200" updateTime="1698334073770" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ECE68DE200CE7C88CDA6454F55EE72E8">
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<mods:title id="2D3F73A2FA65363BFEE1FBB701879F6E">Morphology of preimaginal stages and taxonomical relationship of Synanthedon spuleri (Fuchs, 1908) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) with closely related species in Central Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E9ED22C28E853F82653DE7A118DDFC23">Bąkowski, Marek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9E18E62D0711B7C283029F82D31A5D0B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B732905E25F3FE243DF95C3ACC0FF7A3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B6B0F2A03F8093CD22C3832D9D96BADE">
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<mods:date id="38B0E18E1E54323573B92444DF9677BB">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="82C5A08C039426C9A550FA88A2860919" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CAD08602EA83264BBF8CFB7CF3832A86">3666</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1253EF43C21B52A9B66AA8D7A1D610F5" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="EFBB8C9BD6F8A6479984F00C138D0513">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="ED773AFAD208B7E1BB5918B724FBC782" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038587BEFF8D583FFF31FAB9FB1246CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6152351" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119569097" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6152351" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587BEFF8D583FFF31FAB9FB1246CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587BEFF8D583FFF31FAB9FB1246CF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">
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<subSubSection id="C3366523FF8D583EFF31FAB9FB494761" box="[151,1174,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8D583EFF31FAB9FB494761" blockId="6.[151,1174,1303,1329]" box="[151,1174,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">
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<heading id="D0DB81C4FF8D583EFF31FAB9FB494761" bold="true" box="[151,1174,1303,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFF31FAB9FB494761" bold="true" box="[151,1174,1303,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">
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Relationship of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFEFAFAB9FD894761" ID-CoL="53TKG" box="[348,598,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFEFAFAB9FD894761" bold="true" box="[348,598,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">Synanthedon spuleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with closely related species in Central Europe
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3366523FF8D583FFF31FAF1FB1246CF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8D583EFF31FAF1FBA947EE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1374,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFF31FAF1FF364727" bold="true" box="[151,233,1375,1399]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">Larva:</emphasis>
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In terms of the morphology of larvae
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFD0FFAF1FCCA4726" box="[681,789,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFD0FFAF1FCCA4726" box="[681,789,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. spuleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFB92FAF1FB094726" box="[1076,1238,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephiformis">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFB92FAF1FB094726" box="[1076,1238,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. cephiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Setae P2 on the larval head of both species are almost half as long as seta A2. In comparison to the other two species, as well as in the majority of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFEE2FA08FE0A47EE" box="[324,469,1446,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFEE2FA08FE0A47EE" box="[324,469,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">Synanthedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species, it is distinctly shorter than half of the length of A2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8D583EFF61FA64FD39448E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1374,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">
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Furthermore, there is also a similarity to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFD3EFA65FCE647B3" box="[664,825,1483,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephiformis">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFD3EFA65FCE647B3" box="[664,825,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. cephiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the average number of crochets on a single ventral proleg (24), while this number is distinctly lower in the remaining two species and for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFB60FA41FA9C4456" box="[1222,1347,1518,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loranthi">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFB60FA41FA9C4456" box="[1222,1347,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. loranthi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFA21FA41FEC5447B" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipuliformis">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFA21FA41FEC5447B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. tipuliformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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it is 17 and 18, respectively.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFDC2F9BDFD11447B" box="[612,718,1555,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFDC2F9BDFD11447B" box="[612,718,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. spuleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae can be distinguished from the other examined species by having a somewhat posterior AF2 to the level of frons apex, while in the other cases AF2 is at about the level of frons apex. The larva of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFE0DF9F5FDCA4423" box="[427,533,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFE0DF9F5FDCA4423" box="[427,533,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. spuleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, similarly to the larva of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFC94F9F5FC0F4423" box="[818,976,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipuliformis">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFC94F9F5FC0F4423" box="[818,976,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. tipuliformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, has the L2 on A9 distinctly shorter than
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<date id="FF921068FF8D583EFF31F9D0FF6444C6" box="[151,187,1662,1686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">V1</date>
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, while the other species have the L2 on A9 distinctly longer than
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<date id="FF921068FF8D583EFC12F9D0FC0244C6" box="[948,989,1662,1686]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">V1.</date>
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But only in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFBD7F9D1FB0244C6" box="[1137,1245,1662,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFBD7F9D1FB0244C6" box="[1137,1245,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. spuleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the L2 on A9 located between SD1 and L1, whereas in the other species and in the majority of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFBE5F90DFB0B44EB" box="[1091,1236,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFBE5F90DFB0B44EB" box="[1091,1236,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">Synanthedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species L2 on A9 is distinctly closer to SD1 than L1 (Bɖkowski 2013).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8D583EFF61F945FB10458A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1374,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFF61F945FED04553" bold="true" box="[199,271,1771,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">Pupa:</emphasis>
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Pupae of all studied species have a very long proboscis, which almost reaches the end of metathoracic legs in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFF49F8A1FE4D4576" box="[239,402,1806,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephiformis">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFF49F8A1FE4D4576" box="[239,402,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. cephiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFE76F8A1FD954576" box="[464,586,1806,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loranthi">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFE76F8A1FD954576" box="[464,586,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. loranthi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and is somewhat shorter in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFC3FF8A1FBE44576" box="[921,1083,1806,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipuliformis">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFC3FF8A1FBE44576" box="[921,1083,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. tipuliformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFBDFF8A1FB394576" box="[1145,1254,1806,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFBDFF8A1FB394576" box="[1145,1254,1806,1830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. spuleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The latter two species, however, differ in the shape of the head projection, which is excised and prolonged to two points at its relatively narrow end in the dorsal view in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFD00F8F9FC95453E" box="[678,842,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipuliformis">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFD00F8F9FC95453E" box="[678,842,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. tipuliformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whereas it is widely rounded, sometimes widely truncated at the end, or slightly concave, but without two points in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFC2DF8D5FC2945C3" box="[907,1014,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFC2DF8D5FC2945C3" box="[907,1014,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. spuleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFB85F8D5FB1B45C3" box="[1059,1220,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephiformis">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFB85F8D5FB1B45C3" box="[1059,1220,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. cephiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8D583EFB5DF8D5FAAD45C3" box="[1275,1394,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loranthi">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8D583EFB5DF8D5FAAD45C3" box="[1275,1394,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="200">S. loranthi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the plate of the blade is large, heavily dark bordered and frequently slightly irregularly concave at the end in the dorsal view. Laštůvka (1983) indicated the variability of the shape of head projections of these species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8C583FFF61FF36FB74436F" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFF61FF36FECC42E0" bold="true" box="[199,275,152,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">Imago</emphasis>
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: The feature that distinguishes the adults of all compared species is the coloration of the anal tuft, which can be more or less covered with yellow scales or it may be entirely black. The distinction on the basis of the presence or absence of a yellow spot on the metathorax is particularly problematic. The specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFA96FF4EFA4342A8" box="[1328,1436,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFA96FF4EFA4342A8" box="[1328,1436,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. spuleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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recorded in
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<collectingCountry id="F33B7638FF8C583FFE83FEAAFEAC434C" box="[293,371,260,284]" name="Poland" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">Poland</collectingCountry>
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have a distinctly yellow spot on the metathorax, which clearly distinguishes them from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFA21FEABFEC54310" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipuliformis">
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<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFA21FEABFEC54310" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. tipuliformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The features of male and female genitalia are also not always clearly distinctive.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8C583FFF61FEE2FC3A43FC" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">
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Molecular studies of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) markers indicate clearly that
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFAB0FEE3FA5E4334" box="[1302,1409,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFAB0FEE3FA5E4334" box="[1302,1409,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. spuleri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is more closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFE39FEDEFD9F43D8" box="[415,576,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephiformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFE39FEDEFD9F43D8" box="[415,576,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. cephiformis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFD3AFEDEFBD743D7" authority="Bdkowski 2013" authorityName="Bdkowski" authorityYear="2013" box="[668,1032,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipuliformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFD3AFEDEFCE543D8" box="[668,826,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. tipuliformis</emphasis>
|
|
(Bɖkowski 2013)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. According to the analysis the latter species is more related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFE1FFE3BFCEE43FC" authority="Bettag & Blasius 2002" authorityName="Bettag & Blasius" authorityYear="2002" box="[441,817,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciati">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFE1FFE3BFDF343FC" box="[441,556,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. cruciati</emphasis>
|
|
Bettag & Bläsius 2002
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFCCEFE3BFC0143FC" box="[872,990,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loranthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFCCEFE3BFC0143FC" box="[872,990,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. loranthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8C583FFF61FE19FDD8400F" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">
|
|
According to Priesner
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFE65FE17FE234380" box="[451,508,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1986) a mixture of two chemical compounds E3, Z13-18: Ac and E2, Z13-18: Ac in the ratio 100:8 is recommended for attracting
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFD10FE73FC8A43A4" box="[694,853,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipuliformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFD10FE73FC8A43A4" box="[694,853,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. tipuliformis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and in the ratio 1:1 for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFBF8FE73FB1743A4" box="[1118,1224,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFBF8FE73FBB343A4" box="[1118,1132,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFBDCFE72FB1743A4" box="[1146,1224,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">spuleri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but this last blend is not very efficient. On the other hand, males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFD72FDAEFC934048" box="[724,844,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loranthi">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFD72FDAEFC934048" box="[724,844,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. loranthi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
flew into the traps containing a mixture of the two compounds Z3, Z3-18: Ac and Z3, Z3-18: OH in the ratio 100:30. Thus far no males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFB27FD8BFAFD406C" box="[1153,1314,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephiformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFB27FD8BFAFD406C" box="[1153,1314,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. cephiformis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been attracted to the tested attractants.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8C583FFF31FD1DFEC2409C" blockId="7.[151,285,691,716]" box="[151,285,691,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFF31FD1DFEC2409C" bold="true" box="[151,285,691,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">Conclusion</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8C583FFF31FD52FBEA41F4" blockId="7.[151,1436,764,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">
|
|
A comparative analysis of the morphology of the preimaginal stages, especially of the larvae of the studied closely related species, similarly to their molecular analysis, indicates that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFC62FC8EFBEA4168" box="[964,1077,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spuleri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFC62FC8EFBEA4168" box="[964,1077,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. spuleri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is more closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFA21FC8EFEC4410C" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephiformis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFA21FC8EFEC4410C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. cephiformis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFECDFCEBFDC5410C" box="[363,538,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFECDFCEBFDC9410C" box="[363,534,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipuliformis">S. tipuliformis</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
However, further research is needed in this respect, for instance on the morphology of larvae and pupae of other closely related species like
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFC6BFCC6FB9A41D0" box="[973,1093,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciati">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFC6BFCC6FB9A41D0" box="[973,1093,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. cruciati</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D2BFF8C583FFB23FCC6FA47412F" authority="Kallies 1997" authorityName="Kallies" authorityYear="1997" box="[1157,1432,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Sesiidae" genus="Synanthedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geranii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFB23FCC6FB2941D0" box="[1157,1270,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">S. geranii</emphasis>
|
|
Kallies 1997
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Equally important is further research on the sexual ethology of the studied species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8C583FFF31FC59FEA04640" blockId="7.[151,383,1015,1040]" box="[151,383,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">
|
|
<emphasis id="B958EABAFF8C583FFF31FC59FEA04640" bold="true" box="[151,383,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">Acknowledgements</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9336A8FF8C583FFF31FBEFFB1246CF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1087,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">
|
|
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Marek Hołowiński (Hańsk,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B7638FF8C583FFC7CFB91FBF64607" box="[986,1065,1087,1111]" name="Poland" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
|
) and Željko Predovnik (Polzela,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B7638FF8C583FFF31FBCAFF24462C" box="[151,251,1124,1148]" name="Slovenia" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
|
) for donation of the larval material. I thank two reviewers, Jadranka Rota (Turku,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B7638FF8C583FFB09FBCAFAD9462C" box="[1199,1286,1124,1148]" name="Finland" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
|
) and Zdenek Laštůvka (Brno,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F33B7638FF8C583FFEF2FB29FDD446CF" box="[340,523,1159,1183]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="7" pageNumber="201">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
|
), for useful comments on a previous version of the manuscript.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |