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<document id="2DE857C8E2AAAFC3A2D8AD8A99E51F35" ID-CLB-Dataset="46475" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.278154" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b81b9069-d580-48f5-abe7-4d0167cf6ed9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="278154" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460382517999" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lujan, Nathan K. &amp; Birindelli, Jose L. O." docDate="2011" docId="060A87B4FFB4923EFF50FB58FEC2A154" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02941p046.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2941" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pseudolithoxus kelsorum Lujan &amp; Birindelli, 2011, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FA33FFCCFFB5923BFFC7FFDEFF96A06B" masterDocTitle="A new distinctively banded species of Pseudolithoxus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Orinoco River" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="38" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698296980163" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0536FF8141845038A1AF5CAC32815430">A new distinctively banded species of Pseudolithoxus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Orinoco River</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F8453C3CF34FC9C24E543EF803D64BFD">Lujan, Nathan K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="373F54175C07AE0A7F2CCC9DF4EB2589">Birindelli, Jose L. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FC5A64C525EC2D72B1D2DA1ACDB9C52B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E2485026E177699FF5EA8992A0A44013">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0E151883C5F3F16CB996084B9CB70029">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="F40026CF1BF25B8E2BF9A231D53CC6EB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="060A87B4FFB4923EFF50FB58FEC2A154" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677181" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119414419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5677181" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:060A87B4FFB4923EFF50FB58FEC2A154" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/060A87B4FFB4923EFF50FB58FEC2A154" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="C6B96529FFB4923AFF50FB58FECBA4AA" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB4923AFF50FB58FDF0A4CB" blockId="1.[151,614,1158,1217]" box="[151,614,1158,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D55481CEFFB4923AFF50FB58FDF0A4CB" bold="true" box="[151,614,1158,1184]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFF50FB58FDF0A4CB" bold="true" box="[151,614,1158,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB4923AFF50FB58FE5EA4CB" ID-CoL="4NZTS" box="[151,456,1158,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFF50FB58FE5EA4CB" bold="true" box="[151,456,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Pseudolithoxus kelsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A7E457CBFFB4923AFE10FB58FDF0A4CB" box="[471,614,1158,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB4923AFF50FB77FECBA4AA" blockId="1.[151,614,1158,1217]" box="[151,349,1193,1217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<figureCitation id="16982A27FFB4923AFF50FB77FF60A4AA" box="[151,246,1193,1217]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1770,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1746]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Pseudolithoxus kelsorum n. sp., 66.0 mm SL, MCNG 55357, Venezuela, Amazonas State, Orinoco River at Merey, 97.6 km N of San Fernando de Atabapo, 4 ° 55 ' 04 '' N, 67 ° 49 ' 58 '' W, J. Birindelli, N. K. Lujan, &amp; V. Meza, 18 April 2010 (photographed alive)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278155/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Figure 1</figureCitation>
.
<tableCitation id="C3210319FFB4923AFEC4FB77FEC1A4AA" box="[259,343,1193,1217]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,237,332,353]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,536,1219]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Selected morphometric characters for Pseudolithoxus kelsorum n. sp. Interlandmarks (ILM) are the two points between which measurements were taken (from Armbruster, 2003). N = 6." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DADC662AFFB79239FF50FE92FC1FA1EB" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" tableUuid="DADC662AFFB79239FF50FE92FC1FA1EB">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6B96529FFB4923AFF50FB2CFB9AA5F2" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB4923AFF50FB2CFE8FA53A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFF50FB2CFE9DA561" bold="true" box="[151,267,1266,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB4923AFF50FB2CFE90A561" box="[151,262,1266,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFED2FB2FFEFFA562" box="[277,361,1265,1289]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">MCNG</collectionCode>
55357, 66.0 mm
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFDFCFB2FFDC8A562" box="[571,606,1265,1289]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">SL</collectionCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="F6B47632FFB4923AFDAAFB2FFD75A562" box="[621,739,1265,1289]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas State,
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB4923AFC7DFB2FFB80A562" box="[954,1046,1265,1289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinoco">Orinoco</taxonomicName>
River drainage,
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB4923AFB1DFB2FFAA3A562" box="[1242,1333,1265,1289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinoco">Orinoco</taxonomicName>
River at Merey,
<quantity id="495B9B47FFB4923AFF2BFACBFEDFA546" box="[236,329,1301,1325]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.76" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="97.6">97.6 km</quantity>
N of San Fernando de Atabapo,
<geoCoordinate id="EB975065FFB4923AFD7AFACBFCA4A546" box="[701,818,1301,1325]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" precision="15" value="4.9177775">4°55'04''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EB975065FFB4923AFC87FACBFC5FA546" box="[832,969,1301,1325]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" precision="15" value="-67.83278">67°49'58''W</geoCoordinate>
, J. Birindelli, N. K. Lujan &amp; V. Meza,
<date id="FA1D1062FFB4923AFA47FACBFE83A53A" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" value="2010-04-18">18 April 2010</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB4923AFF02FA83FB9AA5F2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFF02FA83FED2A51E" bold="true" box="[197,324,1373,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB4923AFF02FA83FEA9A51E" box="[197,319,1373,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Five specimens, collected with
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB4923AFD7EFA83FC88A51E" box="[697,798,1373,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFCECFA83FCE5A51E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" box="[811,883,1373,1397]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">ANSP</collectionCode>
182813, 1:
<quantity id="495B9B47FFB4923AFBC6FA83FBFEA51E" box="[1025,1128,1373,1397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.66" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="36.6">36.6 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFBB6FA83FB02A51E" box="[1137,1172,1373,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">SL</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFB65FA80FB75A51D" box="[1186,1251,1374,1398]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wk2-p21y" name="Auburn University Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">AUM</collectionCode>
51644, 2: 40.0,
<quantity id="495B9B47FFB4923AFF50FA5FFF6DA5F2" box="[151,251,1409,1433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.24" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="52.4">52.4 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFEC6FA5FFEB3A5F2" box="[257,293,1409,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">SL</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFEF6FA5FFE13A5F2" box="[305,389,1409,1433]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">MCNG</collectionCode>
55358, 1: 44.0 mm
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFDA0FA5FFD1DA5F2" box="[615,651,1409,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">SL</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFD51FA5FFD65A5F2" box="[662,755,1409,1433]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">MZUSP</collectionCode>
108090, 1:
<quantity id="495B9B47FFB4923AFCBEFA5FFC48A5F2" box="[889,990,1409,1433]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.27" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="52.7">52.7 mm</quantity>
<collectionCode id="E8B2AE67FFB4923AFC23FA5FFB9EA5F2" box="[996,1032,1409,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">SL</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6B96529FFB4923AFF02FA7BFB9CA61A" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB4923AFF02FA7BFB9CA61A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFF02FA7BFEA9A5D5" bold="true" box="[197,319,1445,1470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB4923AFE82FA7BFDC8A5D6" box="[325,606,1445,1469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelsorum">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFE82FA7BFDC8A5D6" box="[325,606,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Pseudolithoxus kelsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diagnosed from all other
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB4923AFC52FA7BFBD6A5D6" box="[917,1088,1445,1469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFC52FA7BFBD6A5D6" box="[917,1088,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Pseudolithoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having dark brown to black base color with eight to 11 (usually nine) light yellowish vertical or oblique (tilted dorsoanteriorly) transversal bands between orbits and caudal fin, bands wide and rarely but sometimes incomplete or contorted as swirls (
<figureCitation id="16982A27FFB4923AFAA9FA33FF30A642" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1770,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1746]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Pseudolithoxus kelsorum n. sp., 66.0 mm SL, MCNG 55357, Venezuela, Amazonas State, Orinoco River at Merey, 97.6 km N of San Fernando de Atabapo, 4 ° 55 ' 04 '' N, 67 ° 49 ' 58 '' W, J. Birindelli, N. K. Lujan, &amp; V. Meza, 18 April 2010 (photographed alive)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278155/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
; vs. dark brown to black base color with 18 or more thin, light yellow, frequently contorted transversal bands between orbits and caudal fin in
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB4923AFDC2F9E8FDCDA626" box="[517,603,1590,1613]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lasiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigris">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFDC2F9E8FDCDA626" box="[517,603,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">P. tigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="16982A27FFB4923AFDADF9EBFD38A626" box="[618,686,1589,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1394,1417]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1372]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1373]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudolithoxus tigris, 70.4 mm SL, AUM 42110, Venezuela, Amazonas State, Orinoco River, 50 km E of San Fernando de Atabapo, 4 ° 55 ' 04 '' N, 67 ° 49 ' 58 '' W, N. K. Lujan et al., 3 March 2005 (photographed alive by M. Sabaj Pérez)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278156/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
; black base color with small white spots in
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB4923AFB50F9E8FA9CA626" box="[1175,1290,1589,1613]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anthrax">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFB50F9E8FA9CA626" box="[1175,1290,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">P. anthrax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFA87F9E8FA06A626" box="[1344,1424,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">P. n i c o i</emphasis>
; and light brown base color with dark brown to black spots in
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB4923AFC81F984FC3DA61A" box="[838,939,1625,1649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Lasiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dumus">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFC81F984FC3DA61A" box="[838,939,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">P. dumus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="16982A27FFB4923AFC7FF987FC6AA61A" box="[952,1020,1625,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,375,1899]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Above: Pseudolithoxus anthrax, uncatalogued specimen from the Ventuari River mouth, 3 ° 58 ' 42 '' N, 67 ° 03 ' 37 '' W, N. K. Lujan et al., 29 March 2010. Below: P. d u m u s, AUM 43267, Venezuela, Amazonas State, Orinoco River 3 ° 18 ' 23 '' N, 66 ° 36 ' 12 '' W, N. K. Lujan et al., 4 March 2005 (live photos by M. Sabaj Pérez)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278157/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6B96529FFB4923FFF02F9A3FC2CA75B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB4923AFF02F9A3FF45A7FA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB4923AFF02F9A3FEC0A6FE" bold="true" box="[197,342,1661,1686]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometrics in
<tableCitation id="C3210319FFB4923AFDF3F9A3FD1CA6FE" box="[564,650,1661,1685]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,237,332,353]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,536,1219]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Selected morphometric characters for Pseudolithoxus kelsorum n. sp. Interlandmarks (ILM) are the two points between which measurements were taken (from Armbruster, 2003). N = 6." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DADC662AFFB79239FF50FE92FC1FA1EB" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" tableUuid="DADC662AFFB79239FF50FE92FC1FA1EB">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Largest specimen 66.0 mm SL. Head and body dorsoventrally flattened with body depth greatest at supraoccipital; dorsal and ventral profiles only slightly convergent caudally. Snout surface and body flanks armored with ossified dermal plates, each covered with small odontodes; plates absent from small region at posteroventral corner of pterotic and entire abdomen. Cheek plates bearing moderately to highly hypertrophied, distally-hooked odontodes (mean 35, range 27–42,
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB4923AFBD5F8D3FBE2A74E" box="[1042,1140,1805,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
42) evertible to approximately 90º from sagittal plane; longest odontodes extending to posterior exposed margin of opercle. Orbit positioned dorsally on head with opening sloped ventrolaterally at approximately 45º from sagittal plane in anterior view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB49239FF00F843FF40A177" blockId="1.[151,1437,1265,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="1" pageNumber="39">
Oral disk occupying most of ventral surface of head anterior of cleithrum. Interpremaxillary and intermandiblar tooth row angle greater than 110º; premaxillary teeth 55–64 (average 61,
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB4923AFBC0F81FFBFFA7B2" box="[1031,1129,1985,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
= 64); dentary teeth 47–57 (average 53,
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB79239FEEBFF49FE18A0C4" box="[300,398,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
54). All teeth with gracile, flexible shafts and bicuspid heads bent inward at right angle to shaft. Maxillary barbel short and attached to lower lip along most of length; ventral surface of labial disk with hemispherical papillae decreasing in size distally and toward rictus; posterior margin of labial disk lacking fimbriae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DADC662AFFB79239FF50FE92FC1FA1EB" ID-Table-UUID="DADC662AFFB79239FF50FE92FC1FA1EB" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DADC662AFFB79239FF50FE92FC1FA1EB" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[151,1436,536,1219]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB79239FF50FE92FC1FA1EB" blockId="2.[151,1436,331,516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB79239FF50FE92FE9FA10A" bold="true" box="[151,265,332,353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Selected morphometric characters for
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB79239FD65FE92FC35A109" box="[674,931,332,354]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB79239FD65FE92FC35A109" box="[674,931,332,354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Pseudolithoxus kelsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB79239FC6BFE92FC7EA10A" bold="true" box="[940,1000,332,353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A7E457CBFFB79239FC6BFE92FC7EA10A" box="[940,1000,332,353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Interlandmarks (ILM) are the two points between which measurements were taken (from Armbruster, 2003).
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB79239FC8DFEB5FCCDA1EB" box="[842,859,363,384]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">N</emphasis>
= 6.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB79239FF58FE43FC29A26F" blockId="2.[151,1436,331,516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
ILM Measurement
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB79239FD6AFE45FC9DA1DA" box="[685,779,411,433]" pageId="2" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
Mean SD Min Max 1–20 Standard length 66.0 48.6 10.7 36.6 66.0 Percents of standard length
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB79239FF58FDC6FAA8A4A8" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<table id="FCA3C402FFB76DC4FF50FDC6FA0AA4A8" box="[151,1436,536,1219]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50FDC6FA0AA2C2" box="[151,1436,536,681]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50FDC6FF48A2C2" box="[151,222,536,681]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">1–10 1–7 7–10 8–9</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8FDC6FDA0A2C2" box="[303,566,536,681]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Predorsal length Head length Head—dorsal length Cleithral width</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AFDC6FD4CA2C2" box="[685,730,536,681]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">43.0 34.0 7.6 30.9</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FCB7FDC6FC0AA2C2" box="[880,924,536,681]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">43.6 35.8 7.1 30.7</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7FDC6FBA6A2C2" box="[1040,1072,536,681]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">0.6 0.9 0.8 0.6</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50FDC6FB52A2C2" box="[1175,1220,536,681]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">43.0 34.0 6.2 29.8</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9FDC6FA0AA2C2" box="[1310,1436,536,681]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">44.6 36.6 8.0 31.5</th>
</tr>
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50FD63FA0AA297" box="[151,1436,701,764]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50FD63FF48A297" box="[151,222,701,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">1–12 12–13</th>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8FD63FDA0A297" box="[303,566,701,764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Head—pectoral length Thorax length</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AFD63FD4CA297" box="[685,730,701,764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">30.6 21.2</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FCB7FD63FC0AA297" box="[880,924,701,764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">31.0 21.9</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7FD63FBA6A297" box="[1040,1072,701,764]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">0.8 0.9</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50FD63FB52A297" box="[1175,1220,701,764]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">30.2 20.9</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9FD63FA0AA297" box="[1310,1436,701,764]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">32.4 23.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50FCCEFA0AA3CA" box="[151,1436,784,929]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50FCCEFF48A3CA" box="[151,222,784,929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">12–29 13–14 13–30 14–15</th>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8FCCEFDA0A3CA" box="[303,566,784,929]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Pectoral-fin spine length Abdominal length Pelvic-fin spine length Postanal length</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AFCCEFD4CA3CA" box="[685,730,784,929]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">33.5 24.3 23.9 31.6</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FCB7FCCEFC0AA3CA" box="[880,924,784,929]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">32.2 24.7 24.3 32.2</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7FCCEFBA6A3CA" box="[1040,1072,784,929]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">1.1 1.5 0.8 1.3</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50FCCEFB52A3CA" box="[1175,1220,784,929]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">30.6 23.0 23.5 30.3</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9FCCEFA0AA3CA" box="[1310,1436,784,929]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">33.5 26.6 25.2 33.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50FC6BFA0AA39F" box="[151,1436,949,1012]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50FC6BFF48A39F" box="[151,222,949,1012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">14–31 10–12</th>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8FC6BFDA0A39F" box="[303,566,949,1012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Anal-fin spine length Dorsal—pectoral distance</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AFC6BFD4CA39F" box="[685,730,949,1012]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">9.0 24.9</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FCB7FC6BFC0AA39F" box="[880,924,949,1012]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">8.1 25.5</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7FC6BFBA6A39F" box="[1040,1072,949,1012]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">1.0 0.5</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50FC6BFB52A39F" box="[1175,1220,949,1012]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">6.9 24.8</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9FC6BFA0AA39F" box="[1310,1436,949,1012]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">9.2 26.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50FBD6FA0AA4F2" box="[151,1436,1032,1177]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50FBD6FF48A4F2" box="[151,222,1032,1177]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">10–11 10–13 10–16 16–17</th>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8FBD6FDA0A4F2" box="[303,566,1032,1177]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Dorsal spine length Dorsal—pelvic depth Dorsal-fin base length Dorsal—adipose distance</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AFBD6FD4CA4F2" box="[685,730,1032,1177]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">24.3 14.9 23.1 16.9</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FCB7FBD6FC0AA4F2" box="[880,924,1032,1177]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">23.2 15.1 23.8 17.6</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7FBD6FBA6A4F2" box="[1040,1072,1032,1177]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50FBD6FB52A4F2" box="[1175,1220,1032,1177]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">22.0 13.8 23.1 16.5</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9FBD6FA0AA4F2" box="[1310,1436,1032,1177]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">24.3 15.9 25.4 19.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50FB73FA0AA4A8" box="[151,1436,1197,1219]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50FB73FF48A4A8" box="[151,222,1197,1219]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">17–18</th>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8FB73FDA0A4A8" box="[303,566,1197,1219]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Adipose spine length</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AFB73FD4CA4A8" box="[685,730,1197,1219]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">8.1</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FCB7FB73FC0AA4A8" box="[880,924,1197,1219]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">7.7</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7FB73FBA6A4A8" box="[1040,1072,1197,1219]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">0.4</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50FB73FB52A4A8" box="[1175,1220,1197,1219]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">7.0</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9FB73FA0AA4A8" box="[1310,1436,1197,1219]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">8.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB7923FFF58FB09FD6AA177" blockId="2.[159,1354,1238,1384]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">17–19 Adipose—upper caudal distance 14.2 14.1 1.2 11.9 15.3 15–19 Caudal peduncle depth 7.6 7.3 0.9 5.9 8.2 15–17 Adipose—lower caudal distance 19.3 19.2 1.2 17.4 20.8 14–17 Adipose—anal distance 19.3 19.0 1.3 17.0 20.3 Dorsal fin II,7; dorsal-fin spinelet small but visible, V-shaped; dorsal-fin lock functional; posteriormost dorsalfin ray free from body. Pectoral fin I,6; adpressed pectoral-fin spine reaching approximately halfway between anus and pelvic-fin origin; anterodorsal surfaces of spine with many hypertrophied odontodes increasing in length distally; odontodes longer an more numerous in larger specimens. Pelvic fin I,5; pelvic-fin spine extending to or past insertion of anal fin when adpressed. Anal fin I,4; second unbranched ray longest. Adipose-fin spine straight; adnate to caudal peduncle via fleshy membrane with concave or convex posterior margin. Caudal fin I,14,I; dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays four; ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays four; caudal fin obliquely and asymmetrically emarginated, with ventral lobe longer than dorsal lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB79239FF58FAA5FADCA7C0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<table id="FCA3C402FFB76DC4FF50FAA5FA0AA7C0" box="[151,1436,1403,1963]" gridcols="6" gridrows="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50FAA5FA0AA5FA" box="[151,1436,1403,1425]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50FAA5FF48A5FA" box="[151,222,1403,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">14–16</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8FAA5FDCAA5FA" box="[303,604,1403,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Dorsal-anal distance</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AFAA5FC0AA5FA" box="[685,924,1403,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">8.5 9.0</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7FAA5FBA6A5FA" box="[1040,1072,1403,1425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">0.4</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50FAA5FB52A5FA" box="[1175,1220,1403,1425]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">8.5</th>
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9FAA5FA0AA5FA" box="[1310,1436,1403,1425]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">9.5</th>
</tr>
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50FA7BFA0AA58F" box="[151,1436,1445,1508]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50FA7BFF48A58F" box="[151,222,1445,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">13–16</th>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8FA7BFDCAA58F" box="[303,604,1445,1508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Pelvic—dorsal distance</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AFA7BFC0AA58F" box="[685,924,1445,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">24.1 23.8 Percents of head length</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7FA7BFBA6A58F" box="[1040,1072,1445,1508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">0.9</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50FA7BFB52A58F" box="[1175,1220,1445,1508]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">22.3</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9FA7BFA0AA58F" box="[1310,1436,1445,1508]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">25.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50FA26FA0AA6B7" box="[151,1436,1528,1756]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50FA26FF48A6B7" box="[151,222,1528,1756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">5–7 4–5 1–4 2–3 5–6 7–12</th>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8FA26FDCAA6B7" box="[303,604,1528,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Head—eye length Orbit diameter Snout length Internares width Interorbital width Head depth</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AFA26FC0AA6B7" box="[685,924,1528,1756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">35.4 36.0 21.1 22.0 60.2 55.4 11.1 9.8 42.3 39.2 59.9 58.9</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7FA26FBA6A6B7" box="[1040,1072,1528,1756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">0.8 1.4 2.5 0.8 7.0 2.2</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50FA26FB52A6B7" box="[1175,1220,1528,1756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">35.4 19.9 53.2 8.8 25.1 55.0</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9FA26FA0AA6B7" box="[1310,1436,1528,1756]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">37.3 23.7 60.2 11.1 43.2 61.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="309334E0FFB76DC4FF50F92EFA0AA7C0" box="[151,1436,1776,1963]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">
<th id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FF50F92EFF48A7C0" box="[151,222,1776,1963]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">1–24 21–22 22–23 25–26 27–28</th>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FEE8F92EFDCAA7C0" box="[303,604,1776,1963]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">Mouth length Mouth width Barbel length Dentary tooth cup length Premaxillary tooth cup length</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FD6AF92EFC0AA7C0" box="[685,924,1776,1963]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">48.7 48.7 62.5 61.5 10.1 8.3 18.9 17.5 18.5 17.3</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FBD7F92EFBA6A7C0" box="[1040,1072,1776,1963]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">1.8 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.1</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FB50F92EFB52A7C0" box="[1175,1220,1776,1963]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">46.4 59.7 6.9 15.8 14.9</td>
<td id="73425D9CFFB76DC4FAD9F92EFA0AA7C0" box="[1310,1436,1776,1963]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="40">51.9 62.6 10.1 19.9 20.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DADC662AFFB69238FF50F934FE70A72E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278155/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1745]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB69238FF50F934FE70A72E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1770,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB69238FF50F934FE82A76B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1770,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB69238FE58F934FD09A76B" box="[415,671,1770,1792]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB69238FE58F934FD09A76B" box="[415,671,1770,1792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">Pseudolithoxus kelsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB69238FD61F935FD77A76B" bold="true" box="[678,737,1771,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A7E457CBFFB69238FD61F935FD77A76B" box="[678,737,1771,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 66.0 mm SL, MCNG 55357, Venezuela, Amazonas State,
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB69238FA8EF934FA0AA76B" box="[1353,1436,1770,1792]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinoco">Orinoco</taxonomicName>
River at Merey, 97.6 km N of San Fernando de Atabapo, 4°55'04''N, 67°49'58''W, J. Birindelli, N. K. Lujan, &amp; V. Meza, 18 April 2010 (photographed alive).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DADC662AFFB1923FFF50FAACFAD3A5CC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278156/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1372]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB1923FFF50FAACFAD3A5CC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1394,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB1923FFF50FAACFE84A5E3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1394,1417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB1923FFEDFFAADFE78A5E2" box="[280,494,1395,1417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigris">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB1923FFEDFFAADFE78A5E2" box="[280,494,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Pseudolithoxus tigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 70.4 mm SL, AUM 42110, Venezuela, Amazonas State,
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB1923FFBF3FAACFB11A5E3" box="[1076,1159,1394,1416]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinoco">Orinoco</taxonomicName>
River, 50 km E of San Fernando de Atabapo, 4°55'04''N, 67°49'58''W, N. K. Lujan
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB1923FFD10FA4DFC9CA5CC" box="[727,778,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
, 3 March 2005 (photographed alive by M. Sabaj Pérez).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB1923FFF00FA0AFB9FA617" blockId="4.[151,1437,1492,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">
Body broadest at cleithrum; posterior margin of exposed posterior process of cleithrum squared or tapering to a point. Lateral median plates 23–25 (mode 23,
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB1923FFD65FA26FC92A67B" box="[674,772,1528,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
24), middorsal plates 20–23 (mode 23,
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB1923FFB0EFA26FABDA67B" box="[1225,1323,1528,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
20), midventral plates 22–25 (mode 23,
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB1923FFDC4F9C2FDF3A65F" box="[515,613,1564,1588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
23); anteriormost midventral plate strongly bent. Caudal peduncle plate rows three. One or two azygous preadipose plates (mode one,
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB1923FFC9FF99EFC2CA633" box="[856,954,1600,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
one); predorsal plate rows two not including nuchal plate; interdorsal plate rows four or five (mode five,
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB1923FFCA6F9BAFC55A617" box="[865,963,1636,1660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
four).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB1923FFF02F959FC2CA75B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1492,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB1923FFF02F959FE98A6CB" bold="true" box="[197,270,1671,1696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Color.</emphasis>
Body with dark brown to black base color with eight to 11 (usually nine) light yellow vertical or oblique (tilted dorsoanteriorly) transversal bands between orbits and caudal fin; bands wide and rarely but sometimes incomplete or contorted as swirls (
<figureCitation id="16982A27FFB1923FFDD0F90EFDCEA683" box="[535,600,1744,1768]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1770,1793]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1746]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Pseudolithoxus kelsorum n. sp., 66.0 mm SL, MCNG 55357, Venezuela, Amazonas State, Orinoco River at Merey, 97.6 km N of San Fernando de Atabapo, 4 ° 55 ' 04 '' N, 67 ° 49 ' 58 '' W, J. Birindelli, N. K. Lujan, &amp; V. Meza, 18 April 2010 (photographed alive)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278155/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Paired, dorsal, adipose, and caudal fins light with dark bands. Snout with light yellow longitudinal bands, small spots, or contortions. Abdomen pale; lower lip, ventral plated surfaces, ventral paired-fin spine surfaces, and anal fin uniformly light yellow to tan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6B96529FFB1923EFF02F8E5FBB1A0BF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB1923EFF02F8E5FBB1A0BF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1492,2020]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB1923FFF02F8E5FE79A73F" bold="true" box="[197,495,1851,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Known only from a single site on the
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB1923FFC5AF8E2FC6FA73F" box="[925,1017,1852,1876]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinoco">Orinoco</taxonomicName>
River just above the Maipures rapids and approximately
<quantity id="495B9B47FFB1923FFEA9F8BEFE23A713" box="[366,437,1888,1912]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
south of the Atures rapids (
<figureCitation id="16982A27FFB1923FFD2CF8BEFCA6A713" box="[747,816,1888,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1226,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1205]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of the upper Orinoco showing the known distributions of Pseudolithoxus anthrax (red diamonds), P. d u m u s (yellow circles), P. kelsorum (black circle), P. n i c o i (gray triangles), and P. tigris (orange squares)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278158/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
<typeStatus id="51188800FFB1923FFC83F8BFFCEDA712" box="[836,891,1889,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
material collected via rotenone and castnet from a single shoreline granite outcrop. Anecdotal reports (
<collectingCountry id="F6B47632FFB1923FFD38F85AFC81A7F7" box="[767,791,1924,1948]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">O</collectingCountry>
. Lucanus pers comm. to NKL) suggest that the range of
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB1923FFF50F876FE39A7AB" box="[151,431,1960,1984]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudolithoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kelsorum">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB1923FFF50F876FE39A7AB" box="[151,431,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">Pseudolithoxus kelsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extends downstream into the Atures rapids. However, extensive ichthyological surveys of the
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB1923FFF78F812FE8DA78F" box="[191,283,1996,2020]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinoco">Orinoco</taxonomicName>
River further upstream by the first author and colleagues have failed to yield specimens of
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB1923FFAD4F813FA04A78F" box="[1299,1426,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="42">P. k e l s o r u m</emphasis>
, suggesting that its distribution is limited to only more downstream reaches, possibly including the nearby and still poorly surveyed lower reaches of western tributaries of the
<taxonomicName id="49A34D21FFB0923EFCF6FF62FC1BA0BF" box="[817,909,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pseudancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orinoco">Orinoco</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F6B47632FFB0923EFC76FF62FBB5A0BF" box="[945,1059,188,212]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6B96529FFB0923EFF02FF3EFEC2A154" pageId="5" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8E1C36A2FFB0923EFF02FF3EFEC2A154" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="BCD7EAB0FFB0923EFF02FF3EFEDAA093" bold="true" box="[197,332,224,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honor of George and Carolyn Kelso whose generous contribution to Texas A&amp;M University and to the Winemiller Aquatic Ecology Lab has facilitated important ichthyological discoveries, including this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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