459 lines
51 KiB
XML
459 lines
51 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7D177F71F800AD49176B3C01B504BC01">Palaearctic Hoplitis bees of the subgenera Formicapis and Tkalcua (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3526F1394832C514FF2F084C6D79F0DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672181" ID-GBIF-Taxon="121061578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672181" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3526F1394832C514FF2F084C6D79F0DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3526F1394832C514FF2F084C6D79F0DE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<paragraph id="BD30402F4832C517FF2F084C6DD9F3BC" blockId="5.[151,720,1645,1671]" box="[151,720,1645,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4832C517FF2F084C6DD9F3BC" ID-CoL="3ML5P" authority="Nylander 1848" authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,720,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta" subGenus="Formicapis">
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<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4832C517FF2F084C6DD9F3BC" bold="true" box="[151,720,1645,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4832C517FF2F084C6EF6F3BC" bold="true" box="[151,511,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Hoplitis (Formicapis) robusta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4832C517FDB5084C6DC1F3BC" author="Nylander" box="[525,712,1645,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refString="Nylander, W. (1848) Adnotationes in expositionem monographicam apum borealium. Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Forhandlingar, 1, 165 - 282." type="journal article" year="1848">Nylander 1848</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F59513A44832C514FF2F08956B0DF496" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BD30402F4832C517FF2F08956B03F3D2" blockId="5.[151,1436,1716,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9D9F67014832C517FF2F08956B03F3D2" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4832C517FF2F08956D14F3F1" ID-CoL="8SFP5" authority="Nylander 1848: 270" authorityName="Nylander" authorityPageNumber="270" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,541,1716,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
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<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4832C517FF2F08956E41F3F1" box="[151,328,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Heriades robusta</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3C2E663E4832C517FEF608956D14F3F1" author="Nylander" box="[334,541,1716,1738]" page="270" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" year="1848">
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<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4832C517FEF608956EE0F3F1" author="Nylander" box="[334,489,1716,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refString="Nylander, W. (1848) Adnotationes in expositionem monographicam apum borealium. Notiser ur Sallskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Forhandlingar, 1, 165 - 282." type="journal article" year="1848">Nylander 1848</bibRefCitation>
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: 270
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="6234FE8D4832C517FD9F08946D50F3F1" box="[551,601,1717,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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<typeStatus id="6234FE8D4832C517FD7908946C2FF3F1" box="[705,806,1717,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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♀, by designation of
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<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4832C517FBBE08956B90F3F1" author="Tkalcu" box="[1030,1177,1716,1738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refString="Tkalcu, B. (1995) Die Bienen der Tribus Osmiini der Mongolei (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen, 57, 109 - 147." type="journal article" year="1995">Tkalcu (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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, “Helsingfors” (
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<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4832C517FA8608956A98F3F1" box="[1342,1425,1716,1738]" name="Finland" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Finland</collectingCountry>
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), Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki.
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<typeStatus id="6234FE8D4832C517FD2708F56DD8F3D2" box="[671,721,1748,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
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species of
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<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4832C517FCFA08F56B03F3D2" authority="Sladen." authorityName="Sladen." box="[834,1034,1747,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Megactlilidae" genus="Formicapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4832C517FCFA08F56CBEF3D2" box="[834,951,1748,1769]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Formicapis</emphasis>
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Sladen.
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD30402F4832C517FF2F08D36E8CF21D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1716,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9D9F67014832C517FF2F08D36E8CF21D" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4832C517FF2F08D36D17F23C" ID-CoL="63GNP" authority="Rhinoceros Giraud 1861: 464" authorityName="Rhinoceros Giraud" authorityPageNumber="464" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,542,1777,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4832C517FF2F08D36E5FF23C" box="[151,342,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Osmia Rhinoceros</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3C2E663E4832C517FED808D06D17F23C" author="Giraud" box="[352,542,1777,1799]" page="464" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" year="1861">
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<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4832C517FED808D06EEEF23C" author="Giraud" box="[352,487,1777,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refString="Giraud, J. (1861) Fragments entomologiques. Verhandlungen der Zoologischen und Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 11, 447 - 470." type="journal article" year="1861">Giraud 1861</bibRefCitation>
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: 464
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="6234FE8D4832C517FD9408D36D57F23C" box="[556,606,1778,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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<typeStatus id="6234FE8D4832C517FD7508D06C23F23C" box="[717,810,1777,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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♀♀, “Gastein” (
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<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4832C517FC5808D06B39F23C" box="[992,1072,1777,1799]" name="Austria" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Austria</collectingCountry>
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), Giraud Collection. Synonymy in
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<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4832C517FF7F09316E8BF21D" author="Schletterer" box="[199,386,1808,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refString="Schletterer, A. (1889) Monographie der Bienen-Gattungen Chelostoma Latr. und Heriades Spin. Zoologisches Jahrbuch fur Systematik, 4, 591 - 691." type="journal article" year="1889">Schletterer (1889)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD30402F4832C517FF2F090E6C61F258" blockId="5.[151,1436,1716,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9D9F67014832C517FF2F090E6C61F258" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4832C517FF2F090E6D26F27E" ID-CoL="8SRG4" authority="Morawitz 1869: 41" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,559,1839,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinacria">
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<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4832C517FF2F090E6E51F27E" box="[151,344,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Heriades trinacria</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3C2E663E4832C517FEDA090E6D26F27E" author="Morawitz" box="[354,559,1839,1861]" page="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" year="1869">
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<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4832C517FEDA090E6D0CF27E" author="Morawitz" box="[354,517,1839,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refString="Morawitz, F. (1869) Die Bienen des Gouvernements von St. Petersburg. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 6, 27 - 71." type="journal article" year="1869">Morawitz 1869</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 41
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="6234FE8D4832C517FD8509116D66F27E" box="[573,623,1840,1861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
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material: Ƌ, “im Gdowschen Kreise” (
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<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4832C517FBAA090E6B53F27E" box="[1042,1114,1839,1861]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Russia</collectingCountry>
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), Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Synonymy in
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<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4832C517FD6E096F6C6DF258" author="Popov" box="[726,868,1869,1891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refString="Popov, V. B. (1946) Notes on the nomenclature of the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, B, 15, 106 - 109. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1946. tb 00834. x" type="journal article" year="1946">Popov (1946)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD30402F4832C517FF2F094C6EEDF29A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1716,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9D9F67014832C517FF2F094C6EEDF29A" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
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<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4832C517FF2F094C6D21F2B9" authority="Sladen 1916: 271" authorityName="Sladen" authorityPageNumber="271" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,552,1900,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Megactlilidae" genus="Formicapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">
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||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4832C517FF2F094C6E63F2B9" box="[151,362,1900,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Formicapis clypeata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3C2E663E4832C517FEC9094D6D21F2B9" author="Sladen" box="[369,552,1900,1922]" page="271" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" year="1916">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4832C517FEC9094D6EFDF2B9" author="Sladen" box="[369,500,1900,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refString="Sladen, F. W. L. (1916) Bees of Canada - Fam. Megachilidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 48, 269 - 272. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 48269 - 8" type="journal article" year="1916">Sladen 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 271
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="6234FE8D4832C517FD8B094C6D6CF2B9" box="[563,613,1901,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material:
|
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<typeStatus id="6234FE8D4832C517FD77094D6C25F2B9" box="[719,812,1900,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
Ƌ♀, “Aweme, Manitoba and Waterhole, Alberta” (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4832C517FA87094D6A98F2B9" box="[1343,1425,1900,1922]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Synonymy in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4832C517FEED09AD6EE9F29A" author="Peters" box="[341,480,1931,1953]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refString="Peters, D. S. (1970) Die Synonymie von Osmia robusta (Nylander 1848) und Osmia forsii Alfken 1924. Senckenbergiana biologica, 51, 193 - 197." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD30402F4832C517FF2F09EC6A95F2DD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1997,2022]" box="[151,1436,1997,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4832C517FF2F09EC6E32F2DD" bold="true" box="[151,315,1997,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">New records.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4832C517FEF109EF6D1AF2DD" box="[329,531,1998,2022]" name="Switzerland" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">SWITZERLAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4832C517FD9E09EF6D76F2DE" box="[550,639,1998,2021]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Grisons</emphasis>
|
||
: Vals, Riefa-Pradätsch-Riedboda,
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,
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<date id="C93166EF4832C517FB7909EC6A38F2DD" box="[1217,1329,1997,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" value="2008-07-25">25.7.2008</date>
|
||
(leg. A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="BD30402F4831C514FF2F0EB66B0DF496" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
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Müller); Medel, Uaul da Vergera,
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,
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<date id="C93166EF4831C514FD340EB66DF5F58B" box="[652,764,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="2013-06-18">18.6.2013</date>
|
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(leg. R. Neumeyer); Sedrun, Uaul Bugnei,
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FABC0EB96A5DF58B" box="[1284,1364,152,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700m</quantity>
|
||
, 5.7.–
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FF2F0E9D6FF0F5EF" box="[151,249,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="2013-08-01">1.8.2013</date>
|
||
(leg. A. Müller);
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FE750E9C6D31F5EE" box="[461,568,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">St Gallen</emphasis>
|
||
: Pfäfers,
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FD130E9D6DF2F5EF" box="[683,763,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="1420.0">1420m</quantity>
|
||
, 7.7.–
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FC860E9D6CB8F5EF" box="[830,945,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="2013-07-31">31.7.2013</date>
|
||
(leg. H. Martz);
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FBC40E9D6BC9F5EE" box="[1148,1216,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Valais</emphasis>
|
||
: Chandolin/Siders,
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FF2F0EC16FE1F5C3" box="[151,232,224,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FF4C0EC16E6AF5C3" box="[244,355,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="1989-07-18">18.7.1989</date>
|
||
(leg. Perraudin); Visperterminen,
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FD5F0EC16C30F5C3" box="[743,825,224,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FCFC0EFE6CBDF5C3" box="[836,948,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="2005-12-08">12.8.2005</date>
|
||
(leg. A. Müller); Montana,
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FB4A0EFE6A6BF5C3" box="[1266,1378,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="2006-07-15">15.7.2006</date>
|
||
(leg. K. Hirt).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FEBA0F256E77F427" box="[258,382,260,284]" name="Austria" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">AUSTRIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FE340F256EF0F426" box="[396,505,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Carinthia</emphasis>
|
||
: Oberschachnern SE Heiligenblut,
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FC370F256CF6F426" box="[911,1023,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="1985-08-22">22.8.1985</date>
|
||
(leg. J. Gusenleitner); Ochsenriegel NW Weinebene, Koralpe,
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FE700F066D10F47B" box="[456,537,295,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="1460.0">1460m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FD900F066D91F47B" box="[552,664,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="1989-08-25">25.8.1989</date>
|
||
(leg. J. Gusenleitner);
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FC1E0F066CD3F47B" box="[934,986,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Tirol</emphasis>
|
||
: Zedlach W Matrei,
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FB6B0F066A4AF47B" box="[1235,1347,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="1985-08-20">20.8.1985</date>
|
||
(leg. J. Gusenleitner).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FEFA0F6D6EA9F45F" box="[322,416,332,356]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">ITALIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FE080F6D6D39F45E" box="[432,560,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">South Tirol</emphasis>
|
||
: Wolkenstein,
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FD5A0F6D6C41F45F" box="[738,840,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="1921-07-02">2.7.1921</date>
|
||
; Seiser Alp, 2.–
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FBBD0F6D6B71F45F" box="[1029,1144,332,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="1971-07-14">14.7.1971</date>
|
||
(leg. H. Wolf); Schnals/ Kurzras, Meran,
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FEDD0F516EBFF4B3" box="[357,438,368,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100m</quantity>
|
||
, 7.–
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FE500F516D55F4B3" box="[488,604,368,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="1974-10-08">10.8.1974</date>
|
||
(leg. H. Wolf); Pfossental,
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FC000F4E6B46F4B3" box="[952,1103,367,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500–2000m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FBDA0F516BDBF4B3" box="[1122,1234,368,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="1984-08-27">27.8.1984</date>
|
||
(leg. N. Mohr).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FF2F0FB56E3DF497" box="[151,308,404,428]" name="Mongolia" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">MONGOLIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Khangaur Mountains
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FD8A0FB56D6DF496" box="[562,612,404,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="km" value="5.0">5km</quantity>
|
||
N Khunt,
|
||
<date id="C93166EF4831C514FD620FB56C43F496" box="[730,842,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" value="2005-07-20">20.7.2005</date>
|
||
(leg. J. Halada).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F59513A44831C514FF7F0F966D79F0DE" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD30402F4831C514FF7F0F966C1AF7CB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FF7F0F966E69F4EB" bold="true" box="[199,352,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Boreal zone across Europe (southern half of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FCE60F966CBFF4EB" box="[862,950,439,464]" name="Finland" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FC7B0F966B13F4EB" box="[963,1050,439,464]" name="Estonia" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FB9D0F966B79F4EB" box="[1061,1136,439,464]" name="Latvia" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Latvia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FBC30F966BDAF4EB" box="[1147,1235,439,464]" name="Belarus" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Belarus</collectingCountry>
|
||
, European part of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FF2F0FFD6FEFF4CE" box="[151,230,476,501]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Asia (Asian part of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FE520FFD6D3EF4CE" box="[490,567,476,501]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FD080FFD6C29F4CE" box="[688,800,476,501]" name="Mongolia" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northeasternmost
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FC430FFD6B49F4CE" box="[1019,1088,476,501]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FB6A0FFD6A3AF4CE" box="[1234,1331,476,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Alaska,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FF2F0FDE6FE4F723" box="[151,237,511,536]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FEBD0FDE6ECBF723" author="Grunwaldt" box="[261,450,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Grunwaldt, W. (1939) Zur Apiden-Fauna Lettlands II. Die Unterfamilie Megachilinae. Korrespondenzblatt des Naturforscher- Vereins zu Riga, 63, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1939">Grünwaldt 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FE680FDE6D61F723" author="Elfving" box="[464,616,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Elfving, R. (1968) Die Bienen Finnlands. Fauna Fennica, 21 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1968">Elfving 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FDCE0C216DF6F723" author="Peters" box="[630,767,512,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Peters, D. S. (1970) Die Synonymie von Osmia robusta (Nylander 1848) und Osmia forsii Alfken 1924. Senckenbergiana biologica, 51, 193 - 197." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FCB40FDE6CDEF723" author="Romankova" box="[780,983,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Romankova, T. G. (1985) A new subspecies of Formicapis robusta (Hym. Megachilidae) from Primorye area. Vestnik Zoologii, 6, 66 - 68 [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1985">Romankova 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FC5D0FDE6B7FF723" author="Tkalcu" box="[997,1142,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Tkalcu, B. (1995) Die Bienen der Tribus Osmiini der Mongolei (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen, 57, 109 - 147." type="journal article" year="1995">Tkalcu 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FB3C0FDE6A6EF723" author="Prishchepchik" box="[1156,1383,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Prishchepchik, O. V. (2000) On the fauna of megachilid bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) of Byelarus. Vestnik Vitebsk University, 2000, 88 - 93 [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2000">Prishchepchik 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FACC0C216FDAF706" author="Wu" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Wu, Y. (2006) Hymenoptera: Megachilidae. Fauna Sinica, Insecta, 44, 1 - 474 [in Chinese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2006">Wu 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FF590C056D05F706" author="Ascher" box="[225,524,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2015) Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Avaliable from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 30 May 2015)" type="book" year="2015">Ascher & Pickering 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FD080C046C20F706" box="[688,809,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FD080C046C20F706" box="[688,809,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">H. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in the Alps (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FBDD0C056B92F706" box="[1125,1179,548,573]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FB110C056A3BF706" box="[1193,1330,548,573]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FAF80C056A9DF706" box="[1344,1428,548,573]" name="Austria" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
) between
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FF430C696E43F75B" box="[251,330,584,608]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
|
||
and the timberline (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FD930C666C06F75B" author="Schwarz" box="[555,783,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Schwarz, M., Gusenleitner, F., Westrich, P. & Dathe, H. H. (1996) Katalog der Bienen Osterreichs, Deutschlands und der Schweiz (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Entomofauna (Ansfelden), Supplement, 8, 1 - 398." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Schwarz
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FD2C0C686DCFF75B" box="[660,710,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FCA30C666CAEF75B" author="Ebmer" box="[795,935,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Ebmer, A. W. (1997) Hymenopterologische Notizen aus Osterreich - 7 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 29, 45 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Ebmer 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FC0B0C696CE7F75B" author="Ebmer" box="[947,1006,584,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Ebmer, A. W. (2001) Hymenopterologische Notizen aus Osterreich - 14 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 33, 435 - 460" type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FC410C666BC8F75B" author="Amiet" box="[1017,1217,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Amiet, F., Herrmann, M., Muller, A. & Neumeyer, R. (2004) Apidae 4: Anthidium, Chelostoma, Coelioxys, Dioxys, Heriades, Lithurgus, Megachile, Osmia, Stelis. Fauna Helvetica, 9, 1 - 274." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Amiet
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FBFF0C686B7EF75B" box="[1095,1143,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FB750C666A41F75B" author="Kopf" box="[1229,1352,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Kopf, T. (2008) Die Bienenfauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) des Schlerngebietes (Sudtirol, Italien) mit Angaben zu den Artengemeinschaften ausgewahlter Lebensraume. Gredleriana, 8, 429 - 466." type="journal article" year="2008">Kopf 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in mountainous regions of the western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FDF40C4D6D8DF7BF" box="[588,644,620,644]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
southwards to California and Colorado (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FBC80C4D6A99F7BE" author="Hurd" box="[1136,1424,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Hurd, P. D. & Michener, C. D. (1955) The megachiline bees of California. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 3, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1955">Hurd & Michener 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to Rasmont
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FE120CB06EEEF793" box="[426,487,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1985),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FDE80CB06DC2F793" box="[592,715,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FDE80CB06DC2F793" box="[592,715,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">H. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FC3F0CAE6CEEF793" box="[903,999,655,680]" name="Belgium" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FB900CAE6BB2F793" box="[1064,1211,655,680]" name="Luxembourg" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Luxembourg</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is certainly erroneous, as well as in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FE170C946EF7F7F7" box="[431,510,693,716]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is not beyond doubt as no reliable record exists for this country (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FAFD0C956C01F7CB" author="Benoist" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Benoist, R. (1931) Les osmies de la faune francaise (Hymenopt. Apidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 100, 23 - 60." type="journal article" year="1931">Benoist 1931; M. Aubert & G. LeGoff personal communication</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD30402F4831C514FF7F0CDD6A58F036" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FF7F0CDD6E56F62E" bold="true" box="[199,351,764,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Pollen hosts.</emphasis>
|
||
Polylectic with a strong preference for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FC960CDD6B2FF62F" box="[814,1062,764,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FC960CDD6C95F62E" box="[814,924,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Potentilla</emphasis>
|
||
(Rosaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FBDE0CDC6BC0F62F" box="[1126,1225,765,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FBDE0CDC6BC0F62F" box="[1126,1225,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="F00D75944831C514FB630CDD6A2AF62F" box="[1243,1315,764,789]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,510,533]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,689,1423]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Pollen host spectrum of Hoplitis (Formicapis) robusta and Hoplitis (Tkalcua) zandeni based on 22 female pollen loads from 20 different localities in Switzerland (n = 13), Austria (n = 2), Finland (n = 5) and the USA (n = 2), and on 29 female pollen loads from 6 different localities on Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). For H. zandeni, results of the analysis of 14 brood cell provisions originating from 12 nests from the same locality on Fuerteventura are additionally given." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E9F010A74835C510FF2F0FDF6FD3F7AE" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="E9F010A74835C510FF2F0FDF6FD3F7AE">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Females collect pollen on flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FE600D006D30F603" box="[472,569,801,824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FE600D006D30F603" box="[472,569,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">P. erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by rapidly seesawing their metasomal scopa against the anthers, which they embrace below the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FEC80D646EE0F667" box="[368,489,837,860]" class="Crustacea" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">mesosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while turning their body axis around the flower centre (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25B45CAA4831C514FBE50D656BA8F667" box="[1117,1185,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 – 8. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1875,1897]" captionTargetBox="[174,1392,195,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[173,1393,195,1831]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1 – 8. 1: Hoplitis robusta, typical habitat in open subalpine forest with large proportion of dead wood (Swiss Alps, Sedrun, Grisons). 2: Hoplitis robusta, pollen collecting female on Potentilla erecta. 3: Hoplitis coreensis, clypeus and mandibles of female. 4: Hoplitis maritima, clypeus and mandibles of female. 5: Hoplitis maritima, tergum 7 of male. 6: Hoplitis excisa, clypeus and mandibles of female. 7: Hoplitis robusta, clypeus and mandibles of female. 8: Hoplitis robusta: tergum 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/259695/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); simultaneously, they suck nectar from the nectaries at the base of the androecium. The importance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FBF30D466BB0F6BB" box="[1099,1209,871,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FBF30D466BB0F6BB" box="[1099,1209,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Potentilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as pollen source is apparent by the finding that its pollen constituted 68.1% of the total pollen grain volume and that 18 out of 22 pollen loads analyzed contained
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FDBD0D8E6D7AF6F3" box="[517,627,943,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FDBD0D8E6D7AF6F3" box="[517,627,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Potentilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pollen, 13 of which were pure loads (
|
||
<tableCitation id="F00D75944831C514FBA50D8E6B6AF6F3" box="[1053,1123,943,968]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,510,533]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,689,1423]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Pollen host spectrum of Hoplitis (Formicapis) robusta and Hoplitis (Tkalcua) zandeni based on 22 female pollen loads from 20 different localities in Switzerland (n = 13), Austria (n = 2), Finland (n = 5) and the USA (n = 2), and on 29 female pollen loads from 6 different localities on Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). For H. zandeni, results of the analysis of 14 brood cell provisions originating from 12 nests from the same locality on Fuerteventura are additionally given." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E9F010A74835C510FF2F0FDF6FD3F7AE" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="E9F010A74835C510FF2F0FDF6FD3F7AE">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Additional pollen sources were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FF660DF56D1CF6D6" box="[222,533,980,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Helianthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FF660DF56E8AF6D6" box="[222,387,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Helianthemum</emphasis>
|
||
(Cistaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FD910DF56C21F6D6" box="[553,808,980,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FD910DF56D90F6D6" box="[553,665,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Medicago</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FC840DF56B1AF6D7" box="[828,1043,980,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FC840DF56C8BF6D6" box="[828,898,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Rubus</emphasis>
|
||
(Rosaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FB9F0DF56A6BF6D7" box="[1063,1378,980,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cichorioideae">Cichorioideae (Asteraceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FF2F0DD66EEFF12B" box="[151,486,1015,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FF2F0DD66E12F12B" box="[151,283,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Ranunculus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ranunculaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The fact that the two pollen loads originating from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C59800BF4831C514FB3C0DD96BB5F12B" box="[1156,1212,1016,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
were composed of pollen of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FE810A3D6EAEF10E" box="[313,423,1052,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FE810A3D6EAEF10E" box="[313,423,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Potentilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="6234FE8D4831C514FE0B0A3C6EEAF10E" box="[435,483,1053,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FDFE0A3D6DE2F10E" box="[582,747,1052,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Helianthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FDFE0A3D6DE2F10E" box="[582,747,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Helianthemum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively, suggests that North American and European populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FE870A606EBCF163" box="[319,437,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FE870A606EBCF163" box="[319,437,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">H. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit similar host plant preferences. One brood cell provision from Wyoming analysed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FF070A456ED0F146" author="Clement" box="[191,473,1124,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Clement, S. L. & Rust, R. W. (1975) The biology of Hoplitis robusta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Entomological News, 86, 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1975">Clement & Rust (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, was composed of putative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FC240A456B0DF146" box="[924,1028,1124,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
pollen, suggesting that flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FF2F0AA66FF6F19B" box="[151,255,1159,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
might locally be important pollen hosts. Flower records:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FC340AA86B0FF19B" box="[908,1030,1161,1184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Taraxacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FC340AA86B0FF19B" box="[908,1030,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Taraxacum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FBA10AA66A32F19B" author="Hurd" box="[1049,1339,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Hurd, P. D. & Michener, C. D. (1955) The megachiline bees of California. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 3, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1955">Hurd and Michener 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FAF00AA66FDAF1FE" author="Elfving" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Elfving, R. (1968) Die Bienen Finnlands. Fauna Fennica, 21 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1968">Elfving 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FF530A8D6B85F1D3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FF530A8D6D50F1FF" authority="Geranium" authorityName="Geranium" box="[235,601,1196,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Anthriscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Anthriscus sylvestris, Geranium</taxonomicName>
|
||
palustre,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FD680A8C6C67F1FE" box="[720,878,1196,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Geum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvaticum">G. sylvaticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FCC40A8C6B07F1FE" box="[892,1038,1196,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Geum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rivale">Geum rivale</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FBA50A8D6A16F1FE" box="[1053,1311,1196,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Leontodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="autumnalis">Leontodon autumnalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FA960A8D6E6DF1DC" authority="Satureja" authorityName="Satureja" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anserina">Potentilla anserina, Satureja</taxonomicName>
|
||
alpina, Sedum acre,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FDE80AF16DB0F1D3" box="[592,697,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aizoon">S. aizoon</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FD7C0AF16C82F1D3" box="[708,907,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camtschaticum">S. camtschaticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FC2D0AF16B0AF1D3" box="[917,1027,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cepaea">S. cepaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FBB60AF16B81F1D3" box="[1038,1160,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spurium">S. spurium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FB2B0AEE6FD2F036" authority="(Elfving 1968)" authorityName="Elfving" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Elfving" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FB2B0AEE6A31F1D3" box="[1171,1336,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Silene viscaria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FAFE0AEE6FDAF036" author="Elfving" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Elfving, R. (1968) Die Bienen Finnlands. Fauna Fennica, 21 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1968">Elfving 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FF5F0AD56D3FF037" authority="Peters 1970" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1970" box="[231,566,1268,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FF5F0AD56E9FF037" box="[231,406,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Silene rupestris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FE1C0AD56D27F037" author="Peters" box="[420,558,1268,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Peters, D. S. (1970) Die Synonymie von Osmia robusta (Nylander 1848) und Osmia forsii Alfken 1924. Senckenbergiana biologica, 51, 193 - 197." type="journal article" year="1970">Peters 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FDFA0AD46BA8F036" box="[578,1185,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FDFA0AD46C1FF036" box="[578,790,1268,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculatus">Lotus corniculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FC990AD56CE6F036" box="[801,1007,1268,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureola">Potentilla aureola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FC430AD46BA8F036" box="[1019,1185,1268,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">P. pulcherrima</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(label records).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD30402F4831C514FF7F0B366D79F0DE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FF7F0B366E82F00B" bold="true" box="[199,395,1303,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Nesting biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Nesting sites are insect burrows and drilled borings (diameter
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FB340B366BEAF00B" box="[1164,1251,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5mm</quantity>
|
||
) in dead wood containing 3–14 linearly arranged brood cells (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FD020B1D6CB6F06E" author="Clement" box="[698,959,1340,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Clement, S. L. & Rust, R. W. (1975) The biology of Hoplitis robusta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Entomological News, 86, 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1975">Clement & Rust 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FC730B1D6BA0F06F" author="Frey-Gessner" box="[971,1193,1340,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Frey-Gessner, E. (1880) Exkursionen im Sommer 1879. Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 5, 515 - 589." type="journal article" year="1880">Frey-Gessner 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some nests contain empty vestibule cells following the last brood cell. Cell partitions are made of chewed leaves, sometimes with small pieces of wood embedded in the leaf matrix. The nest plug varies in thickness from
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FB0A0BA56BF0F0A7" box="[1202,1273,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="10.0">10mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="7A77EDCA4831C514FA9B0BA56A63F0A7" box="[1315,1386,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="14.0">14mm</quantity>
|
||
and consists of 8–13 layers of leaf pulp (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D91E3DDE4831C514FD8B0B866C39F0FB" author="Clement" box="[563,816,1447,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" refString="Clement, S. L. & Rust, R. W. (1975) The biology of Hoplitis robusta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Entomological News, 86, 115 - 120." type="journal article" year="1975">Clement & Rust 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In one case, a female collected leaf pulp on leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A8F3BAC4831C514FF2F0BED6E58F0DF" box="[151,337,1484,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FFB9C3D4831C514FF2F0BED6E58F0DF" box="[151,337,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Potentilla erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A. Müller unpublished).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |