468 lines
53 KiB
XML
468 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832" ID-GBIF-Dataset="643aa4ce-bb60-4117-b536-5e30316ccb77" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-79-169" ID-Pensoft-UUID="374E3FB4B427519099FE9EFD5B6AE61D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4255283" ID-ZooBank="9AF2643B484E4367845E20772317FCFF" ModsDocID="1314-2607-79-169" checkinTime="1604097820964" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun & Guenard, Benoit" docDate="2020" docId="E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 79: 169-211" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79" docPubDate="2020-10-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832" docTitle="Psenulus maculatus subsp. maculatus maculatus van Lith 1962" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="374E3FB4B427519099FE9EFD5B6AE61D" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="374E3FB4B427519099FE9EFD5B6AE61D" masterDocTitle="Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1678754602857" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Taylor, Christopher K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China & School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia & School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Barthelemy, Christophe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-6237</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Sai Kung, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chb99@netvigator.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chi, Roy Cheung Shun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guenard, Benoit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2020-10-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>79</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>169</mods:start>
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<mods:end>211</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-79-169</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9AF2643B484E4367845E20772317FCFF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">374E3FB4B427519099FE9EFD5B6AE61D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4255283</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168745864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<taxonomicName LSID="E1D8B59C-6360-5E9C-9A1C-3EC09BC78A31" authority="maculatus van Lith, 1962" authorityName="maculatus van Lith" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus maculatus subsp. maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" subSpecies="maculatus">Psenulus maculatus maculatus van Lith, 1962</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Females, lateral habitus 4 A P. carinifrons rohweri 4 B P. continentis 4 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 4 D P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 4 E P. maculatus maculatus 4 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469584" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figs 4E-4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Females, head in frontal view 6 A P. carinifrons rohweri 6 B P. continentis 6 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 6 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 6 E P. maculatus maculatus 6 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469586" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females, head in dorsal view 8 A P. carinifrons rohweri 8 B P. continentis 8 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 8 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 8 E P. maculatus maculatus 8 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469588" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Males, head in dorsal view 9 A P. carinifrons rohweri 9 B P. continentis 9 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 9 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 9 E P. maculatus maculatus 9 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469589" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Females, mesosoma in dorsal view 10 A P. carinifrons rohweri 10 B P. continentis 10 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 10 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 10 E P. maculatus maculatus 10 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469590" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Males, mesosoma in dorsal view 11 A P. carinifrons rohweri 11 B P. continentis 11 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 11 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 11 E P. maculatus maculatus 11 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469591" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Females, mesopleuron 12 A P. carinifrons rohweri 12 B P. continentis 12 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 12 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 12 E P. maculatus maculatus 12 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469592" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Males, mesopleuron 13 A P. carinifrons rohweri 13 B P. continentis 13 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 13 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 13 E P. maculatus maculatus 13 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469593" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 13</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Females, propodeum in dorsal view 14 A P. carinifrons rohweri 14 B P. continentis 14 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 14 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 14 E P. maculatus maculatus 14 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469594" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 14</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Males, propodeum in dorsal view 15 A P. carinifrons rohweri 15 B P. continentis 15 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 15 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 15 E P. maculatus maculatus 15 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 15</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Females, posterior tergites in dorsal view 16 A P. carinifrons rohweri 16 B P. continentis 16 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 16 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 16 E P. maculatus maculatus 16 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469596" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 16</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Males, posterior tergites in dorsal view 17 A P. carinifrons rohweri 17 B P. continentis 17 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 17 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 17 E P. maculatus maculatus 17 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype. paratype 17 F P. gibbus sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469597" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 17E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Females, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings. 18 A, 18 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri; 18 C, 18 D P. continentis 18 E, 18 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 18 G, 18 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 18 I, 18 J P. maculatus maculatus 18 K, 18 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469598" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 18I, J</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Males, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings 19 A, 19 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri 19 C, 19 D P. continentis 19 E, 19 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 19 G, 19 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 19 I, 19 J P. maculatus maculatus 19 K, 19 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469599" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 19I, J</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Females, frontal view of clypeus 20 A P. carinifrons rohweri 20 B P. continentis 20 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 20 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 20 E P. maculatus maculatus 20 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469600" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 20E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Males, frontal view of clypeus 21 A P. carinifrons rohweri 21 B P. continentis 21 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 21 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 21 E P. maculatus maculatus 21 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469601" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 21E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<taxonomicName authority="maculatus" authorityName="maculatus van Lith" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus maculatus subsp. maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" subSpecies="maculatus">Psenulus maculatus maculatus</taxonomicName>
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van
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<bibRefCitation author="Lith, JP van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 117" refId="B15" refString="Lith, JP van, 1962. Contribution to the knowledge of the Indo-Australian Pseninae (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Part II. Psenulus Kohl, 1896. Zoologische Verhandelingen 52: 1 - 117" title="Contribution to the knowledge of the Indo-Australian Pseninae (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Part II. Psenulus Kohl, 1896." volume="52" year="1962">Lith 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 61-62, figs 69-72. Holotype: ♀; Malaysia, Penang, 25 mi Sungai Penang Hills; type repository unknown, formerly H.T. Pagden coll.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-05-29" collectingDateMax="2018-06-12" collectingDateMin="2018-05-29" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="C. Taylor, Cheung Shun Chi" country="China" latitude="22.281944" location="Tung Chung" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="113.92861" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31:8D0599B35594BFF6D301B05A48A28D6B" country="China" latitude="22.281944" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="113.92861" name="Tung Chung">Tung Chung</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="22.281944">22°16'55"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="113.92861">113°55'43"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2018-05-29" valueMax="2018-06-12" valueMin="2018-05-29">29 May-12 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>C. Taylor</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName>Cheung Shun Chi</collectorName>
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leg.;
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<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
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; HKU
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-05-14" collectingDateMax="2011-06-05" collectingDateMin="2011-05-14" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="C. Barthelemy" country="Hong Kong" elevation="70" latitude="22.44972" location="Pak Sha" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.31778" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31:9266C6F848CC7BB69D8D5917F89B46DE" country="Hong Kong" latitude="22.44972" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.31778" name="Pak Sha">Pak Sha</location>
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O;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="22.44972">22°26'59"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="04" value="114.31778">114°19'04"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2011-05-14" valueMax="2011-06-05" valueMin="2011-05-14">14 May-05 Jun. 2011</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName>
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C.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Barthélémy">Barthelemy</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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;
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<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
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, ref.: M092CHy19; CBC
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-06-06" collectingDateMax="2011-06-05" collectingDateMin="2011-05-14" collectorName="C. Hy." country="Hong Kong" elevation="70" latitude="22.44972" location="May" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.31778" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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; ibid.; 23
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31:3CFBD2F4AC0AA6F6F3378BBB01415B0F" country="Hong Kong" latitude="22.44972" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.31778" name="May">May</location>
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2020-
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<collectingDate value="2020-06-06">06 Jun. 2020</collectingDate>
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; ibid.; ref.: M492.
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<collectorName>C.Hy.</collectorName>
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1; CBC
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-08-18" collectingDateMax="2018-09-01" collectingDateMin="2018-08-18" collectorName="C. Hy." country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1D8B59C63605E9C9A1C3EC09BC78A31:CEC5CB061DC3CE281F40BE660C26F028" country="Hong Kong" latitude="22.368334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" name="Mang Kung Wo">Mang Kung Wo</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="22.368334">22°22'06"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="114.253334">114°15'12"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2018-08-18" valueMax="2018-09-01" valueMin="2018-08-18">18 Aug.-01 Sep. 2018</collectingDate>
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; ibid.; ref.: M362CHy8; CBC
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-05-04" collectingDateMax="2019-05-18" collectingDateMin="2019-05-04" collectorName="C. Hy." country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
|
; ibid.;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2019-05-04" valueMax="2019-05-18" valueMin="2019-05-04">04-18 May 2019</collectingDate>
|
|
; ibid.; ref.: M413CHy5; CBC
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
•
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-03-17" collectingDateMax="2018-03-31" collectingDateMin="2018-03-17" collectorName="C. Hy." country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
|
|
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
|
; ibid.;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2018-03-17" valueMax="2018-03-31" valueMin="2018-03-17">17-31 Mar. 2018</collectingDate>
|
|
; ibid.; ref.: M336CHy7A and B; CBC
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
•
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-04-28" collectingDateMax="2018-05-12" collectingDateMin="2018-04-28" collectorName="C. Hy." country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
|
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
|
; ibid.;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2018-04-28" valueMax="2018-05-12" valueMin="2018-04-28">28 Apr.-12 May 2018</collectingDate>
|
|
; ibid.; ref.: M345CHy2; CBC
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
•
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-08-04" collectingDateMax="2019-08-18" collectingDateMin="2019-08-04" collectorName="C. Hy." country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
|
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
|
; ibid.;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2019-08-04" valueMax="2019-08-18" valueMin="2019-08-04">4-18 Aug. 2019</collectingDate>
|
|
; ibid.; ref.: M359CHy7; CBC
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
•
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-09-01" collectingDateMax="2019-09-15" collectingDateMin="2019-09-01" collectorName="C. Hy." country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
|
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
|
; ibid.;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2019-09-01" valueMax="2019-09-15" valueMin="2019-09-01">01-15 Sep. 2019</collectingDate>
|
|
; ibid.; ref.: M365CHy7; CBC
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
•
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-05-09" collectingDateMax="2020-05-23" collectingDateMin="2020-05-09" collectorName="C. Hy." country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
|
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
|
; ibid.;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2020-05-09" valueMax="2020-05-23" valueMin="2020-05-09">9-23 May. 2020</collectingDate>
|
|
; ibid.; ref.: M489CHy2; CBC
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
•
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-08-17" collectingDateMax="2020-09-01" collectingDateMin="2020-08-17" collectorName="C. Hy." country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
|
; ibid.;
|
|
<collectingDate value="2020-08-17">17 Aug. 2020</collectingDate>
|
|
-
|
|
<collectingDate value="2020-09-01">01 Sep. 2020</collectingDate>
|
|
; ibid.; ref.: M509CHy2; CBC
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4255301" doi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469597" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
|
Males, posterior tergites in dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">17A</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. carinifrons subsp. rohweri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="carinifrons" subSpecies="rohweri">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. carinifrons rohweri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">17B</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. continentis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continentis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. continentis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">17C</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ephippius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippius">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. ephippius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.,
|
|
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">17D</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. gibbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. gibbus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.;
|
|
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">17E</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="maculatus" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. maculatus subsp. maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" subSpecies="maculatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. maculatus maculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">17F</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. pallens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.,
|
|
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
.
|
|
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">17F</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. gibbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. gibbus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.,
|
|
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="standard ratios">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Standard ratios.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Males</emphasis>
|
|
(n = 5): L = 5.-6.6 mm (mean = 5.9 mm); CR = 1.21-1.33 (mean = 1.28); OOR = 0.76-0.89 (mean = 0.84); FLR = 1.00-1.23 (mean = 1.09); FRR = 0.66-0.70 (mean = 0.69); MR = 1.35-1.61 (mean = 1.54); OMR = 0.94-1.01 (mean = 0.97); PR = 0.7-2.53 (mean = 1.21); PFR = 0.88-1.05 (mean = 0.94). Females (n = 7): L = 6.4-7.1 mm (mean = 6.53 mm); CR = 1.22-1.35 (mean = 1. 28); OOR = 0.71-0.86 (mean = 0.77); FLR = 1.25-1.5 (mean = 1.38); FRR = 0.60-0.67 (mean = 0.64); MR = 1.36-1.64 (mean = 1.47); OMR = 0.89-0.99 (mean = 0.92); PR = 1.05-1.83 (mean = 1.32); PFR = 0.82-0.94 (mean = 0.87).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Male</emphasis>
|
|
: Antenna with small tyloids present on F7 to F11. Clypeus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Males, frontal view of clypeus 21 A P. carinifrons rohweri 21 B P. continentis 21 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 21 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 21 E P. maculatus maculatus 21 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469601" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">21E</figureCitation>
|
|
) with two acute ventral teeth separated by rounded emargination, remainder of clypeal margin evenly rounded. Subantennal carina well developed (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">7E</figureCitation>
|
|
); interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally, Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with punctures separated by about their own diameter (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Males, mesosoma in dorsal view 11 A P. carinifrons rohweri 11 B P. continentis 11 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 11 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 11 E P. maculatus maculatus 11 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469591" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">11E</figureCitation>
|
|
), remainder of mesosoma more sparsely punctate; prescutal sutures short, ending about anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Males, mesopleuron 13 A P. carinifrons rohweri 13 B P. continentis 13 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 13 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 13 E P. maculatus maculatus 13 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469593" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">13E</figureCitation>
|
|
); propodeal enclosure with few pairs of longitudinal carinae; remainder of propodeum coarsely reticulate (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Males, propodeum in dorsal view 15 A P. carinifrons rohweri 15 B P. continentis 15 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 15 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 15 E P. maculatus maculatus 15 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15E</figureCitation>
|
|
) except narrowly smooth anterolaterally. Petiole subcylindrical, T1 distinctly swollen (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">5E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Fore wing (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Males, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings 19 A, 19 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri 19 C, 19 D P. continentis 19 E, 19 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 19 G, 19 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 19 I, 19 J P. maculatus maculatus 19 K, 19 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469599" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19J</figureCitation>
|
|
) with first recurrent vein joining first submarginal cell near apex; second recurrent vein joining third submarginal cell near base.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
|
Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">7E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Males, head in dorsal view 9 A P. carinifrons rohweri 9 B P. continentis 9 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 9 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 9 E P. maculatus maculatus 9 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469589" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">9E</figureCitation>
|
|
); antenna with most of scape, venter of pedicel and venter of flagellum basally yellow, dorsoapical spot on scape, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum blackish; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma mostly black, the following yellow (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">5E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Males, mesosoma in dorsal view 11 A P. carinifrons rohweri 11 B P. continentis 11 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 11 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 11 E P. maculatus maculatus 11 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469591" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">11E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Males, mesopleuron 13 A P. carinifrons rohweri 13 B P. continentis 13 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 13 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 13 E P. maculatus maculatus 13 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469593" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">13E</figureCitation>
|
|
): pronotal collar, pronotal lobe; mesoscutum with two longitudinal submedian stripes inside prescutal sutures, broadening posteriorly, ending prior to posterior margin of mesoscutum, often narrowed or absent in anterior half of mesoscutum, long posterolateral spot also present on mesoscutum; tegula; large spot on axilla; broad anteromedian spot on scutellum, as well as narrow stripe along posterior margin laterally behind wing insertion; metanotum; mesopleuron with two spots dorsally anterior and posterior to oblique mesopleural suture; propodeum with paired spots posteriodorsally and laterally. Legs mostly yellow, coxae black basally; fore and mid femora posteriorly brown; hind trochanter and dorsum of hind femur brown; hind tibia and tarsus reddish. S1 yellow at very base of petiole, otherwise blackish; T1 dark brown mediobasally; remainder of metasoma mostly reddish except apex of metasoma dark brown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Female</emphasis>
|
|
: Clypeus with marginal teeth larger than in male (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Females, frontal view of clypeus 20 A P. carinifrons rohweri 20 B P. continentis 20 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 20 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 20 E P. maculatus maculatus 20 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469600" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">20E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Subantennal carina well developed (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">7E</figureCitation>
|
|
); interantennal carina narrow, not broadened dorsally, Mesosoma mostly polished, mesoscutum moderately punctate with punctures separated by about their own diameter (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Males, mesosoma in dorsal view 11 A P. carinifrons rohweri 11 B P. continentis 11 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 11 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 11 E P. maculatus maculatus 11 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469591" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">11E</figureCitation>
|
|
), remainder of mesosoma more sparsely punctate; prescutal sutures short, ending about anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Males, mesopleuron 13 A P. carinifrons rohweri 13 B P. continentis 13 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 13 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 13 E P. maculatus maculatus 13 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469593" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">13E</figureCitation>
|
|
), propodeal enclosure with few pairs of longitudinal carinae. Propodeum mostly smooth (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Females, propodeum in dorsal view 14 A P. carinifrons rohweri 14 B P. continentis 14 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 14 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 14 E P. maculatus maculatus 14 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469594" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">14E</figureCitation>
|
|
), coarse reticulations restricted to marginal ridge along transition between posterior and lateral surfaces. Hind tibia with dorsobasal array of short denticles associated with elongate red spines basad to distinct dorsal groove (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Females, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings. 18 A, 18 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri; 18 C, 18 D P. continentis 18 E, 18 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 18 G, 18 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 18 I, 18 J P. maculatus maculatus 18 K, 18 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469598" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18I</figureCitation>
|
|
), and transverse row of short red spines antero-apically. Petiole subcylindrical, T1 distinctly swollen (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">5E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Pygidial plate narrow, delineated by distinct carinae that diverge anteriorly (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Females, posterior tergites in dorsal view 16 A P. carinifrons rohweri 16 B P. continentis 16 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 16 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 16 E P. maculatus maculatus 16 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469596" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">16E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Fore wing (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Males, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings 19 A, 19 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri 19 C, 19 D P. continentis 19 E, 19 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 19 G, 19 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 19 I, 19 J P. maculatus maculatus 19 K, 19 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469599" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19J</figureCitation>
|
|
) with first recurrent vein joining first submarginal cell near apex; second recurrent vein joining third submarginal cell near base.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
|
Head black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">7E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Males, head in dorsal view 9 A P. carinifrons rohweri 9 B P. continentis 9 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 9 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 9 E P. maculatus maculatus 9 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469589" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">9E</figureCitation>
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); antenna with most of scape, venter of pedicel and venter of flagellum basally yellow, dorsoapical spot on scape, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum blackish; mandible yellow with black tip. Mesosoma mostly black, the following yellow (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">5E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Males, mesosoma in dorsal view 11 A P. carinifrons rohweri 11 B P. continentis 11 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 11 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 11 E P. maculatus maculatus 11 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469591" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">11E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Males, mesopleuron 13 A P. carinifrons rohweri 13 B P. continentis 13 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 13 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 13 E P. maculatus maculatus 13 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469593" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">13E</figureCitation>
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): pronotal collar, pronotal lobe; mesoscutum with two longitudinal submedian stripes inside prescutal sutures, broadening posteriorly, ending prior to posterior margin of mesoscutum, often narrowed or absent in anterior half of mesoscutum, long posterolateral spot also present on mesoscutum; tegula; large spot on axilla; broad anteromedian spot on scutellum, as well as narrow stripe along posterior margin laterally behind wing insertion; metanotum; mesopleuron with two spots dorsally anterior and posterior to oblique mesopleural suture; propodeum with paired spots posteriodorsally and laterally, larger than in male, may be merged into single posterior patch. Legs mostly yellow, coxae black basally; fore and mid femora posteriorly brown; hind trochanter and dorsum of hind femur brown; hind tibia and tarsus reddish. S1 yellow at very base of petiole, otherwise blackish; T1 dark brown mediobasally; remainder of metasoma mostly reddish except apex of metasoma dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4255303" doi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469598" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figure 18.</emphasis>
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Females, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18A, 18B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="van Lith" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus carinifrons subsp. rohweri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="carinifrons" subSpecies="rohweri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus carinifrons rohweri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18C, 18D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. continentis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continentis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. continentis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18E, 18F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ephippius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. ephippius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18G, 18H</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. gibbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. gibbus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18I, 18J</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="maculatus" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. maculatus subsp. maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" subSpecies="maculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. maculatus maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18K, 18L</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. pallens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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*China (Hong Kong); Malaysia (Penang), Singapore. (van
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<bibRefCitation author="Lith, JP van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 117" refId="B15" refString="Lith, JP van, 1962. Contribution to the knowledge of the Indo-Australian Pseninae (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Part II. Psenulus Kohl, 1896. Zoologische Verhandelingen 52: 1 - 117" title="Contribution to the knowledge of the Indo-Australian Pseninae (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Part II. Psenulus Kohl, 1896." volume="52" year="1962">Lith 1962</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lith, JP van" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="79 - 122" refId="B19" refString="Lith, JP van, 1976. New species and records of Indo-Australian Psenini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Pemphredoninae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 119: 79 - 122" title="New species and records of Indo-Australian Psenini (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Pemphredoninae)." volume="119" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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The coloration of the mesoscutum has previously been described as having two submedian triangular marks in the posterior half but specimens from Hong Kong vary from as described to having longitudinal yellow stripes extending most of the length of the mesoscutum. Males of this species can readily be distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Hong Kong SAR by the presence of tyloids on the underside of the distal antennal segments; females can be distinguished by their prominent subantennal carina and an array of long red spines dorsobasally on the hind femur.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="van Lith" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also differs from other Hong Kong
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having the fore and mid femora partially brown instead of entirely yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<taxonomicName authority="maculatus" authorityName="maculatus van Lith" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus maculatus subsp. maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" subSpecies="maculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus maculatus maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was previously known from the Malaysian Peninsula with other subspecies known from Java and Sri Lanka (van
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<bibRefCitation author="Lith, JP van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 117" refId="B15" refString="Lith, JP van, 1962. Contribution to the knowledge of the Indo-Australian Pseninae (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Part II. Psenulus Kohl, 1896. Zoologische Verhandelingen 52: 1 - 117" title="Contribution to the knowledge of the Indo-Australian Pseninae (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Part II. Psenulus Kohl, 1896." volume="52" year="1962">Lith 1962</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lith, JP van" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B20" refString="Lith, JP van, 1978. Psenini from Sri Lanka (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Pemphredoninae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 121: 1 - 12" title="Psenini from Sri Lanka (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Pemphredoninae)." volume="121" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
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). The discovery of this species in Hong Kong is a new record for China and also extends notably the known distribution of the taxon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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It is the least common of all species and its occurrence confirmed at only three of the 20 sites sampled and never very abundant at any of these sites. Its activity period is the second shortest (after
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ephippius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. ephippius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and spans from March (W11) to September (W38).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4255305" doi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469599" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figure 19.</emphasis>
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Males, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19A, 19B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="van Lith" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus carinifrons subsp. rohweri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="carinifrons" subSpecies="rohweri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus carinifrons rohweri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19C, 19D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. continentis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continentis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. continentis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19E, 19F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ephippius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. ephippius</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., holotype
|
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19G, 19H</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. gibbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. gibbus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., holotype
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19I, 19J</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName authority="maculatus" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. maculatus subsp. maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" subSpecies="maculatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. maculatus maculatus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19K, 19L</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. pallens</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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sp. nov., holotype.
|
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |