586 lines
85 KiB
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586 lines
85 KiB
XML
<document id="9A18F57A5BB86F6B8F702808582CB41E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186248" ID-GBIF-Dataset="554fe557-d90d-4d64-94ef-809d20aad98b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186248" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461048979627" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lewis, Cheryl & Bentlage, Bastian" docDate="2009" docId="402E881F98590B2BFF428DA2E638F3E8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02030p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2030" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chironex yamaguchii Lewis & Bentlage, 2009, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="BC17F06798580B28FFD58F23E536F57E" masterDocTitle="Clarifying the identity of the Japanese Habu-kurage, Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida)" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698577969808" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="6ADD60AC4962EBACA2A2FFD8462C6665" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7658972B819553E8DF3C74C4E7EDDE68">
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<mods:title id="723D7F245AA348398DD1E5FCA5733C88">Clarifying the identity of the Japanese Habu-kurage, Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="094028FE6A8525C3CD28F9AB63F0EE02" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="126CB63E587465CC17B7E352A6C7348A">Lewis, Cheryl</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B8A8964547128E4E1061939B3C6BFE54" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AD48D50391278B78A7231ACC1A50A293">Bentlage, Bastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BB8000BC134750D7CA89238C0E86FF01">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6812BBB0F5DF6715A5BBD10ECD86A421">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A0C8AF07704A9895975093436A8C8F0E">
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<mods:date id="1A3D9DFAA03C535F62C01BC4CDEF9E4B">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CA3B6A43ECA612AF10F7A83F5B8B83BD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E308EE892931CED34186F33C632FF20F">2030</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="508ED859D046C7807E1A8078A89A061F">59</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="6DC48C1287E826EA2276489E66840AB6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.186248</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C325BFCB553EEB14F3EFDA19D8B442ED" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="402E881F98590B2BFF428DA2E638F3E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6212521" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6212521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:402E881F98590B2BFF428DA2E638F3E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/402E881F98590B2BFF428DA2E638F3E8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="809D6A8298590B29FF428DA2E458F7C0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C838390998590B29FF428DA2E73CF7E4" blockId="1.[151,522,640,702]" box="[151,522,640,667]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="93708E6598590B29FF428DA2E73CF7E4" bold="true" box="[151,522,640,667]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FF428DA2E73CF7E4" bold="true" box="[151,522,640,667]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FF428DA2E4A8F7E5" ID-CoL="5Y4VZ" box="[151,414,641,667]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FF428DA2E4A8F7E5" bold="true" box="[151,414,641,667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1C0586098590B29FE788DA3E73CF7E4" box="[429,522,640,666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C838390998590B29FF428D87E458F7C0" blockId="1.[151,522,640,702]" box="[151,366,676,702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<figureCitation id="50BC258C98590B29FF428D87E437F7C0" box="[151,257,676,702]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,260,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,1177,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[159,1444,1177,1677]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Comparison between the pedalial canal bend of Chironex fleckeri (B; QM G 322755) and Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. (C; USNM 1121555); the location of the pedalial canal bend at the proximal end of the pedalium is indicated in A (Chironex fleckeri; QM G 322298). Note the sharp tip as well as the concave slope of the bend (“ upswept corniculum ”) in Chironex fleckeri; in Chironex yamaguchii the slope is more gradual and the tip of the bend less sharp (“ volcano-like ”). Scale bars: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186249/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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C, 2A–K
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="809D6A8298590B29FF428DD2E6CEF121" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C838390998590B29FF428DD2E74EF6F6" blockId="1.[151,1436,753,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FF428DD2E73AF676" authority="Mayer" authorityName="Mayer" box="[151,524,753,776]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FF428DD2E483F676" box="[151,437,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chiropsalmus quadrigatus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FE138DD2E73AF676" author="Mayer" box="[454,524,753,776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the World, Vol III. The Scyphomedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC." type="book" year="1910">Mayer</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(1910: 516–517,
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<collectingCountry id="B090799998590B29FD048DD2E609F676" box="[721,831,753,776]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Philippine</collectingCountry>
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records);
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FC658DD2E18EF676" author="Light" box="[944,1208,753,776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Light, S. F. (1914 a) Another dangerous jellyfish in Philippine waters. Philippine Journal of Science, 9, 291 - 295." type="journal article" year="1914" yearSuffix="a">Light (1914a: 291–295)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FB108DD2E0A1F676" author="Light" box="[1221,1431,753,776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Light, S. F. (1914 b) Some Philippine Scyphomedusae, including two new genera, five new species, and one new variety. Philippine Journal of Science, 9, 195 - 231." type="journal article" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Light (1914b: 197)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FF128C32E4AFF656" author="Mayer" box="[199,409,785,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1915) Medusae of the Philippines and Torres Straits. Being a report on the Scyphomedusae collected by the U. S. Fisheries Bureau steamer ' Albatross' in the Philippine Islands and Malay Archipelago, 1907 - 1910, and upon the medusa collected by the expedition of the Carnergie Institution of Washington to Torres Straits, in 1913. Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 8, 157 - 202." type="journal article" year="1915">Mayer (1915: 171)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FE738C32E7FFF656" author="Mayer" box="[422,713,785,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1917) Report upon the Scyphomedusae collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer " Albatross " in the Philippine and Malay Archipelago. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100, 175 - 233." type="journal article" year="1917">Mayer (1917: 190; Fig. 4)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FD028C32E652F656" author="Light" box="[727,868,785,808]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Light, S. F. (1921) Further notes on Philippine scyphomedusan jellyfishes. Philippine Journal of Science, 18, 25 - 45" type="journal article" year="1921">Light (1921)</bibRefCitation>
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; Stiasny (1927: 213–217,
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<collectingCountry id="B090799998590B29FB508C32E1C4F656" box="[1157,1266,785,808]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Philippine</collectingCountry>
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records); Thiel (1928: 16, remarks, Fig. 6);
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FDC78C12E7C5F636" author="Stiasny" box="[530,755,817,840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" refString="Stiasny, G. (1931) Die Rhizostomen-Sammlung des British Museum (Natural History) in London. Zoologische Mededelingen, 14, 137 - 178." type="journal article" year="1931">Stiasny (1931: 139)</bibRefCitation>
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; Yamaguchi (1982);
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FC308C12E417F616" author="Fenner" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Fenner, P. J. (1997) The global problem of cnidarian (jellyfish) stinging. M. D. Thesis, University of London (available from: www. marine-medic. com. au, accessed 30 January 2009)." type="journal article" year="1997">
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Fenner (1997: Okinawa and
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<collectingCountry id="B090799998590B29FAFB8C12E0AAF636" box="[1326,1436,817,840]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Philippine</collectingCountry>
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records)
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FEF98C72E4CFF616" box="[300,505,849,872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Nagai, H., Takuwa-Kuroda, K., Nakao, M., Oshiro, N., Iwanaga, S., Nakajima, T. (2002) A novel protein toxin from the deadly box jellyfish (sea wasp, Habu-kurage) Chiropsalmus quadrigatus. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 66, 97 - 102." type="journal article">
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Nagai
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FEA68C72E494F616" box="[371,418,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. (2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FDD18C72E7CBF616" box="[516,765,849,872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Sakanashi, M., Matsuzaki, T., Nakasone, J., Koyama, T., Sakanashi, M., Kukita, I., Sakanashi, M. (2002) Effects of diltiazm on in vitro cardiovascular actions of crude venom obtained from Okinawan box-jellyfish (Habu-kurage), Chiropsalmus quadrigatus. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 30, 570 - 577." type="journal article">
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Sakanashi
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FDA28C72E793F616" box="[631,677,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. (2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FCDD8C72E13CF616" box="[776,1034,849,872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Kawamura, M., Ueno, S., Iwanga, S., Oshiro, N., Kubota, S. (2003) The relationship between fine rings in the statolith and growth of the cubomedusa Chiropsalmus quadrigatus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from Okinawa Island, Japan. Plankton Biology and Ecology, 50, 37 - 42." type="journal article">
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Kawamura
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FC518C72E685F616" box="[900,947,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. (2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FBC08C72E1CAF616" box="[1045,1276,849,872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Koyama, T., Noguchi, K., Matsuzaki, T., Sakanashi, M., Nakasone, J., Miyagi, K., Sakanashi, M., Sakanashi, M. (2003) Haemodynamic effects of the crude venom from the nematocysts of the box-jellyfish Chiropsalmus quadrigatus (Habu-kurage) in anaestized rabbits. Toxicon, 41, 621 - 31." type="journal article">
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Koyama
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FBA38C72E193F616" box="[1142,1189,849,872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. (2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FAD28C72E0AEF616" author="Nagai" box="[1287,1432,849,872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Nagai, H. (2003) Progress in jellyfish toxin study. Journal of Health Science, 49, 337 - 340" type="journal article" year="2003">Nagai (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FF128C52E4B6F6F6" box="[199,384,881,904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Oba, A., Hidaka, M., Iwanaga, S. (2004) Nematocyst composition of the cubomedusan Chiropsalmus quadrigatus changes with growth. Hydrobiologia, 530 / 531, 173 - 177." type="journal article">
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Oba
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FF2F8C52E41EF6F6" box="[250,296,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. (2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FE5E8C52E742F6F6" box="[395,628,881,904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Noguchi, K., Sakanashi, M., Matsuzaki, T., Nakasone, J., Sakanashi, M., Koyama, T., Hamadate, N., Sakanashi M. (2005) Cardiovascular effects and lethality of venom from nematocysts of the box-jellyfish Chiropsalmus quadrigatus (Habu-kurage) in anaesthetized rats. Toxicon, 45, 519 - 26." type="journal article">
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Noguchi
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FE388C52E72BF6F6" box="[493,541,881,904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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. (2005)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C838390998590B29FF428CB2E711F6D6" blockId="1.[151,1436,753,968]" box="[151,551,913,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FF428CB2E5CFF6D6" ID-CoL="84M9V" box="[151,249,913,936]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FF428CB2E5CFF6D6" box="[151,249,913,936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chironex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1C0586098590B29FED58CB2E40FF6D6" box="[256,313,913,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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B:
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FE8A8CB2E712F6D6" author="Gershwin" box="[351,548,913,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Gershwin, L. A. (2006 a) Nematocysts of the Cubozoa. Zootaxa, 1232, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="a">Gershwin (2006a)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C838390998590B29FF428C92E1EBF6B6" blockId="1.[151,1436,753,968]" box="[151,1245,945,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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non
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<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FF108C92E7B4F6B6" authority="Haeckel, 1880" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[197,642,945,968]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FF108C92E4D4F6B6" box="[197,482,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chiropsalmus quadrigatus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FE3D8C92E7B4F6B6" author="Haeckel" box="[488,642,945,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Haeckel E. (1880) System der Acraspeden - Zweite Halfte des Systems der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medizinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, Jena." type="book" year="1880">Haeckel, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
[now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FD138C92E6EDF6B6" box="[710,987,945,968]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FD138C92E6EDF6B6" box="[710,987,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chiropsoides quadrigatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F898590B29FBC68C92E1FDF6B6" author="Gershwin" box="[1043,1227,945,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Gershwin, L. A. (2006 b) Comments on Chiropsalmus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida): a preliminary revision of the Chiropsalmidae, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species. Zootaxa, 1231, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Gershwin 2006b</bibRefCitation>
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)].
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C838390998590B29FF428CD4E6CEF121" blockId="1.[151,1436,1015,1119]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FF428CD4E479F16F" bold="true" box="[151,335,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Abbreviations.</emphasis>
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National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution: USNM; Queensland Museum, Brisbane: QM; Bell height in mm: BH—measured from velarial turn-over to the top of the bell; interradial bell width in mm: IRW; maximum number of tentacles per pedalium: NT.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
||
<paragraph id="C838390998590B29FF42898FE735F230" blockId="1.[151,1437,1708,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FF42898FE414F3BA" bold="true" box="[151,290,1708,1732]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison between the pedalial canal bend of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FC83898FE128F3BD" box="[854,1054,1708,1731]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FC83898FE128F3BD" box="[854,1054,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B; QM G322755) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FAE1898FE425F398" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FAE1898FE425F398" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FEF589EDE440F398" bold="true" box="[288,374,1742,1766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1C0586098590B29FEF589EDE440F398" box="[288,374,1742,1766]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(C; USNM 1121555); the location of the pedalial canal bend at the proximal end of the pedalium is indicated in A (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FEEA89D1E4CEF277" box="[319,504,1778,1801]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FEEA89D1E4CEF277" box="[319,504,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; QM G322298). Note the sharp tip as well as the concave slope of the bend (“upswept corniculum”) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FE9F8837E732F255" box="[330,516,1812,1835]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FE9F8837E732F255" box="[330,516,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A98590B29FDE58837E621F255" box="[560,791,1812,1835]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FDE58837E621F255" box="[560,791,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the slope is more gradual and the tip of the bend less sharp (“volcano-like”). Scale bars: 1cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="809D6A8298590B2AFF1388A3E142F788" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C838390998590B29FF1388A3E468F296" blockId="1.[151,1436,1920,2024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FF1388A3E4F4F2E4" bold="true" box="[198,450,1920,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B98590B29FE0488A2E70AF2E4" box="[465,572,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<typeStatus id="173C87AB98590B29FE0488A2E70AF2E4" box="[465,572,1921,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC98590B29FD8188A3E79FF2E4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[596,681,1920,1946]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1121554, female with fully developed gastric saccules and oocytes,
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC98590B29FF2A8884E467F2BF" box="[255,337,1959,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="92.0">92 mm</quantity>
|
||
BH,
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC98590B29FE458884E4D4F2BF" box="[400,482,1959,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
||
IRW, NT 6, Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Okinawa Prefecture,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B090799998590B29FAF88884E045F2BF" box="[1325,1395,1959,1985]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BC391FC998590B29FAAB8884E46CF296" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2007-09-24">24 September 2007</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985A0B2AFF108FBBE4CBF40D" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFF108FBBE40AF5CF" box="[197,316,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<typeStatus id="173C87AB985A0B2AFF108FBBE40AF5CF" box="[197,316,152,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFE9E8FBBE496F5CC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[331,416,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1121555, female with fully developed gastric saccules but oocytes not fully developed,
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFF428F9DE5D9F5A6" box="[151,239,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
BH,
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFEE18F9DE4BAF5A6" box="[308,396,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
|
||
IRW, NT 6, Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Okinawa Prefecture,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985A0B2AFAF18F9DE059F5A6" box="[1316,1391,190,216]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BC391FC9985A0B2AFAA88F9DE46DF581" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="2007-09-24">24 September 2007</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFEBD8FC6E48BF581" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[360,445,229,255]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFE108FC6E7B8F581" box="[453,654,229,255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1215566999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1121556.7">1121556, 70 mm</quantity>
|
||
BH,
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFD1B8FC6E614F581" box="[718,802,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
IRW, NT 7, initially fixed in EtOH and subsequently transferred into formalin, gastric saccules fully developed, Okinawa Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ADB35FCE985A0B2AFB9B8E2FE1E9F458" box="[1102,1247,268,294]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="92" value="26.348333">26º 20.9’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ADB35FCE985A0B2AFB328E2FE046F458" box="[1255,1392,268,294]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="925" value="127.75">127º 45’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="BC391FC9985A0B2AFAAB8E2FE46BF432" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1988-09-19">19 September 1988</date>
|
||
; QM G317050, juvenile preserved in EtOH,
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFCAF8E11E6F8F432" box="[890,974,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
BH,
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFBC58E11E152F432" box="[1040,1124,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
IRW, NT 5, Nakagusuku, Okinawa Island,
|
||
<date id="BC391FC9985A0B2AFE8B8E7AE4CFF40D" box="[350,505,345,371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1992-07-18">18 July 1992</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985A0B2AFF108EA3E1B9F7B1" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFF108EA3E4B0F4E7" box="[197,390,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Other material:</emphasis>
|
||
Mayer’s
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985A0B2AFE298EA3E74CF4E4" box="[508,634,384,410]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Philippine</collectingCountry>
|
||
lots
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFD628EA3E638F4E4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[695,782,384,410]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
27911 and 27915, Subig Bay, Luzon;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFB3C8EA3E076F4E4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1257,1344,384,410]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
27913, Cataingan Bay, Masbate;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFE1F8E85E716F4BE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[458,544,422,448]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
27914, Pujada Bay, Mindanao;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFC778E85E6C1F4BE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[930,1015,422,448]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
27916, Panabutan Bay, Mindanao;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFF428EEEE5DAF499" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,236,461,487]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
27917 and 27918, Mansalay Bay, Mindoro;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFD2B8EEEE665F499" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[766,851,461,487]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
28691, Ulugan Bay, Palawan;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFB168EEEE02EF499" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1219,1304,461,487]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
28692 and 28696, Malcochim, Linapacan Strait, Palawan;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFD108ED7E62CF770" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[709,794,500,526]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
28694 and 28697, Bolinao Bay, Luzon;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFB238ED7E07DF770" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1270,1355,500,526]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
28695 and 28701, San Miguel Bay, Luzon;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFDB68D39E78DF74A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[611,699,538,564]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
28698, Tilik Bay, Lubang Island, Mindoro;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFB328D39E008F74A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1255,1342,538,564]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
28700, Hamilo Point, Luzon;
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFE498D62E4C7F725" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[412,497,577,603]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
38019 Taytay, Palawan [lots
|
||
<collectionCode id="AE96A1CC985A0B2AFC9F8D62E6A9F725" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[842,927,577,603]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
27912, 28693, 28699, and 38016 could not be located]; 232 unregistered specimens collected from
|
||
<date id="BC391FC9985A0B2AFCF78D4BE68AF7FC" box="[802,956,616,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="1978" valueMax="1996">1978 to 1996</date>
|
||
by Y. Araki, M. Yamaguchi, and the first author at Ginowan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFEAF8DADE77FF7D6" authority="Ginowan" authorityName="Ginowan" box="[378,585,654,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina, Ginowan</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tropical Beach, Chatan Beach, and Motobu Port (Okinawa Island), and Sukuji Beach on Ishigaki Island; QM G317051,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985A0B2AFD1B8D96E63AF7B1" box="[718,780,693,719]" name="Ghana" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Kana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Beach, Ginoza, Okinawa Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985A0B2AFF138DF8E142F788" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" box="[198,1140,731,758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFF138DF8E45AF78B" bold="true" box="[198,364,731,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<typeStatus id="173C87AB985A0B2AFF138DF8E432F78B" box="[198,260,731,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Okinawa Prefecture,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985A0B2AFBFC8DFFE159F788" box="[1065,1135,732,758]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="809D6A82985A0B2AFF138C21E158F63D" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985A0B2AFF138C21E158F63D" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFF138C21E465F662" bold="true" box="[198,339,770,796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name honors Prof. Masashi Yamaguchi, who has contributed much to an understanding of Japanese cubozoans and the early life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFC498C0AE151F63C" box="[924,1127,809,834]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFC498C0AE151F63C" box="[924,1127,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="809D6A82985A0B2AFF138C6CE4EDF6A0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985A0B2AFF138C6CE4EDF6A0" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFF138C6CE470F617" bold="true" box="[198,326,847,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFE988C73E77CF617" box="[333,586,848,873]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFE988C73E77CF617" box="[333,586,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFD8D8C6CE783F617" bold="true" box="[600,693,847,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E1C05860985A0B2AFD8D8C6CE783F617" box="[600,693,847,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, has a maximum bell height of about
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFBA78C73E1E4F614" box="[1138,1234,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
||
(about 1/2 to 1/3 that of its congener
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFE418C54E75BF6EE" box="[404,621,887,912]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFE418C54E75BF6EE" box="[404,621,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); up to nine tentacles per pedalium (versus up to
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFB348C55E017F6EE" box="[1249,1313,886,912]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFAFF8C54E5D9F6C8" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFAFF8C54E5D9F6C8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); proximal pedalial canal bend volcano-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFCFA8CBEE644F6C9" box="[815,882,925,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,260,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,1177,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[159,1444,1177,1677]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Comparison between the pedalial canal bend of Chironex fleckeri (B; QM G 322755) and Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. (C; USNM 1121555); the location of the pedalial canal bend at the proximal end of the pedalium is indicated in A (Chironex fleckeri; QM G 322298). Note the sharp tip as well as the concave slope of the bend (“ upswept corniculum ”) in Chironex fleckeri; in Chironex yamaguchii the slope is more gradual and the tip of the bend less sharp (“ volcano-like ”). Scale bars: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186249/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B) (in contrast to the “upswept corniculum” in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFF428CE7E454F6A3" box="[151,354,964,989]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFF428CE7E454F6A3" box="[151,354,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFEA48CE7E485F6A0" box="[369,435,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,260,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,1177,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[159,1444,1177,1677]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Comparison between the pedalial canal bend of Chironex fleckeri (B; QM G 322755) and Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. (C; USNM 1121555); the location of the pedalial canal bend at the proximal end of the pedalium is indicated in A (Chironex fleckeri; QM G 322298). Note the sharp tip as well as the concave slope of the bend (“ upswept corniculum ”) in Chironex fleckeri; in Chironex yamaguchii the slope is more gradual and the tip of the bend less sharp (“ volcano-like ”). Scale bars: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186249/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="809D6A82985A0B2AFF138CC9E762F229" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985A0B2AFF138CC9E762F229" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFF138CC9E468F17A" bold="true" box="[198,350,1002,1028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Chirodropid medusae with smooth exumbrella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFC608CC9E136F17A" box="[949,1024,1002,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A), maximum BH about
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFAE28CC9E0AAF17A" box="[1335,1436,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
||
(average about
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFE9F8B32E4ABF155" box="[330,413,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and maximum IRW about
|
||
<quantity id="0F7F94EC985A0B2AFD348B32E601F155" box="[737,823,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="95.0">95 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Pedalia claw-like, each bearing up to nine tentacles, but usually only seven; proximal pedalial canal bend volcano-shaped
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFBC78B1BE16EF12F" box="[1042,1112,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985A0B2AFBB78B1BE020F12C" author="Fenner" box="[1122,1302,1080,1106]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" refString="Fenner, P. J. (1997) The global problem of cnidarian (jellyfish) stinging. M. D. Thesis, University of London (available from: www. marine-medic. com. au, accessed 30 January 2009)." type="journal article" year="1997">Fenner (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFAFC8B1BE047F12C" box="[1321,1393,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,260,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,1177,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[159,1444,1177,1677]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Comparison between the pedalial canal bend of Chironex fleckeri (B; QM G 322755) and Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. (C; USNM 1121555); the location of the pedalial canal bend at the proximal end of the pedalium is indicated in A (Chironex fleckeri; QM G 322298). Note the sharp tip as well as the concave slope of the bend (“ upswept corniculum ”) in Chironex fleckeri; in Chironex yamaguchii the slope is more gradual and the tip of the bend less sharp (“ volcano-like ”). Scale bars: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186249/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Extended trailing tentacles in life appearing flat and broad as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFC748B7CE144F106" box="[929,1138,1119,1144]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFC748B7CE144F106" box="[929,1138,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; up to nine tentacles per pedalium with lavender-colored nematocyst bands. Upon contraction, or in preserved specimens, tentacles tending to be thicker and rounded, like sausage-links (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFCE08B8FE6B6F1B8" box="[821,896,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Manubrium cruciform with four narrow, lanceolate lips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFE858BF1E4A1F192" box="[336,407,1234,1260]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C); about 2/3 to 3/4 as long as bell height. Gastric phacellae V-shaped in each corner of stomach as in most other chirodropids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFD568BDAE7F8F06D" box="[643,718,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A); gastric cirri simple and unbranched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFB1D8BDAE022F06D" box="[1224,1300,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Gastric saccules (superior gonads) cock’s-comb shaped/grape-cluster-like and opaque in mature specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFAE68A03E04CF044" box="[1331,1402,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Development of gonads following sequence described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFCA08A64E178F01E" box="[885,1102,1351,1376]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFCA08A64E178F01E" box="[885,1102,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985A0B2AFBAA8A65E003F01E" author="Barnes" box="[1151,1333,1350,1376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" refString="Barnes, J. H. (1966) Studies on three venomous Cubomedusae. In: Rees, W. J. (ed.), The Cnidaria and their evolution. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 16, 307 - 332." type="journal article" year="1966">Barnes (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Gastric saccules developing from small, smooth, kidney-shaped bulges at ceiling of subumbrella into large, grapecluster-like swellings by elongation and successive addition of numerous swellings until they occupy much of subumbrellar cavity. Perradial lappets smooth, broad, triangular, extending almost to subumbrellar edge of velarium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFEC48AC2E46FF085" box="[273,345,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Four perradial muscular brackets (frenulae) brace the right-angle connection from tip of rhopalial niche to 3/4 the distance between velarial turnover and its margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFBB0892BE184F35C" box="[1125,1202,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Each frenulum consisting of a single, thick gelatinous sheet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFD62890DE636F336" box="[695,768,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Velarial canals numerous and highly branched, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFF428976E45AF310" box="[151,364,1621,1646]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFF428976E45AF310" box="[151,364,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFEAA8976E4FFF311" box="[383,457,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H,
|
||
<date id="BC391FC9985A0B2AFE3A8976E73BF311" box="[495,525,1621,1647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2I</date>
|
||
). Each of the four rhopalia bearing a set of six eyes, with the two median possessing prominent lenses and the four lateral ones adjacent to the lens eyes being pigment pits and slits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFF758981E5DAF3C2" box="[160,236,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
J). Statolith oval, transversally mounted at base of rhopalium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFC218981E176F3C2" box="[1012,1088,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
J). As in other chirodropids, rhopalial niche ostium dome-shaped with a single upper covering scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFC3C89EAE106F39D" box="[1001,1072,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
K); rhopalial niche located in a triangular depression of exumbrella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="50BC258C985A0B2AFD8489D3E7ACF274" box="[593,666,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,259,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[217,1373,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[217,1374,175,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chironex yamaguchii, sp. nov. A. juvenile specimen (bell height approximately 5 cm) displayed at Enoshima Aquarium, Japan; B. preserved tentacles; C. manubrium with four lips; D. gastric cirri; E. gastric saccules; F. perradial lappet as seen from below the subumbrellar opening; G. perradial lappet and frenulum as seen from inside the subumbrellar cavity; H. velarial canals; I. tips of velarial canals; J. rhopalium; K. rhopalial niche (note the triangular depression around the niche). Scale bars: 1 mm (B, D, I, J, K), 1 cm (C, E, F, G, H); CS: covering scale; De: triangular shaped depression; Fr: frenulum; LE: lens eye; PE: pit eye; PL: perradial lappet; Rh: rhopalium; RhO: rhopalial niche ostium; SE: slit eye; St: statolith. All photographs except A and B are taken from paratype USNM 1121555; B is taken from the holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/186250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
K). The cnidome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFC5889D3E1BBF277" box="[909,1165,1776,1801]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFC5889D3E1BBF277" box="[909,1165,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its transformation throughout the course of development was described in detail based on specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985A0B2AFB608835E1CEF24E" box="[1205,1272,1814,1840]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985A0B2AFAF38835E5E9F229" author="Oba" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" refString="Oba, A., Hidaka, M., Iwanaga, S. (2004) Nematocyst composition of the cubomedusan Chiropsalmus quadrigatus changes with growth. Hydrobiologia, 530 / 531, 173 - 177." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Oba
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFAB58834E0A2F24E" box="[1376,1428,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFEDF881EE774F228" box="[266,578,1853,1878]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFEDF881EE774F228" box="[266,578,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chiropsalmus quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="809D6A82985A0B2BFF138840E638F3E8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985A0B2BFF138840E1BBF499" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1686]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFF138840E476F203" bold="true" box="[198,320,1891,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Earlier misidentifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFD6E8847E6F7F203" box="[699,961,1892,1917]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFD6E8847E6F7F203" box="[699,961,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be attributed to Mayer’s (1910: 516–517) redescription of this species, under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFCE788A8E01EF2DA" authority="Haeckel, 1880" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1880" box="[818,1320,1930,1956]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFCE788A8E146F2DA" box="[818,1136,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chiropsalmus quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985A0B2AFBAC88A9E01EF2DA" author="Haeckel" box="[1145,1320,1930,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" refString="Haeckel E. (1880) System der Acraspeden - Zweite Halfte des Systems der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medizinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, Jena." type="book" year="1880">Haeckel, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985A0B2AFF428892E415F2B5" box="[151,291,1969,1995]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFEFA8892E75CF2B4" box="[303,618,1969,1994]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFEFA8892E75CF2B4" box="[303,618,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chiropsoides quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985A0B2AFDAF8892E1E9F2B4" author="Haeckel" box="[634,1247,1969,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="64" refString="Haeckel E. (1880) System der Acraspeden - Zweite Halfte des Systems der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medizinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, Jena." type="book" year="1880">
|
||
Haeckel, 1880: 447, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFC498892E1E9F2B4" box="[924,1247,1969,1994]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFC498892E1E9F2B4" box="[924,1247,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chiropsalmus quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985A0B2AFF0F88FBE41DF28C" box="[218,299,2008,2034]" name="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is easily distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFD0188FBE6E1F28F" box="[724,983,2008,2033]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFD0188FBE6E1F28F" box="[724,983,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985A0B2AFB2888FBE0AAF28F" box="[1277,1436,2008,2033]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985A0B2AFB2888FBE0AAF28F" box="[1277,1436,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Chiropsoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have laterally compressed pedalia and their gastric saccules are long, finger-shaped and smooth, whereas the pedalia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFEC58F9CE44AF5A6" box="[272,380,191,216]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFEC58F9CE44AF5A6" box="[272,380,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are claw-like and the gastric saccules in mature specimens are cock’s-comb shaped/grapecluster-like. Both Thiel (1928) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985B0B2BFD918FC6E7C2F581" author="Stiasny" box="[580,756,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Scyphomedusae. John Murray Expedition 1933 - 1934, Scientific Reports, 4, 203 - 242. Thiel, M. E. (1928) Die Scyphomedusen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums in Hamburg: I, Cubomedusae, Stauromedusae und Coronatae. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 43, 1 - 34. Williamson, J. A., Fenner, P. J., Burnett, J. W., Rifkin, J. (1996) Venomous and poisonous marine animals: a medical and biological handbook. Surf Life Saving Australia and University of New South Wales Press Ltd, Sydney. Yamaguchi, M. (1982) Cubozoans and their life history. Kaiyou to seibutsu, 21, 248 - 254 (In Japanese with English abstract)." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the discrepancies between Mayer’s description of what he thought was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFE458E2FE7F7F45B" box="[400,705,268,293]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFE458E2FE7F7F45B" box="[400,705,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chiropsoides quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFCE18E2FE68EF458" box="[820,952,268,294]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Haeckel’s original description of the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFEE18E11E4BEF432" box="[308,392,306,332]" name="Myanmar" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985B0B2BFE468E11E709F432" author="Stiasny" box="[403,575,306,332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="65" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Scyphomedusae. John Murray Expedition 1933 - 1934, Scientific Reports, 4, 203 - 242. Thiel, M. E. (1928) Die Scyphomedusen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums in Hamburg: I, Cubomedusae, Stauromedusae und Coronatae. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 43, 1 - 34. Williamson, J. A., Fenner, P. J., Burnett, J. W., Rifkin, J. (1996) Venomous and poisonous marine animals: a medical and biological handbook. Surf Life Saving Australia and University of New South Wales Press Ltd, Sydney. Yamaguchi, M. (1982) Cubozoans and their life history. Kaiyou to seibutsu, 21, 248 - 254 (In Japanese with English abstract)." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nevertheless believed that the descriptions pertained to the same species. Rather than rectifying this taxonomic problem, he provided yet another redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFB228E7AE413F4E7" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFB228E7AE413F4E7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chiropsoides quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFE808EA3E7B8F4E7" box="[341,654,384,409]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFE808EA3E7B8F4E7" box="[341,654,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chiropsalmus quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by reconstructing the species from Haeckel’s (1880) and Mayer’s (1910) descriptions, as well as a specimen from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFCC48E85E643F4BE" box="[785,885,422,448]" name="Maldives" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Maldive</collectingCountry>
|
||
Archipelago. By doing so he perpetuated the confused identity of the chirodropids from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFD6F8EEEE608F499" box="[698,830,461,487]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and, ultimately, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFB978EEEE1BEF499" box="[1090,1160,461,487]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985B0B2BFF138ED7E7DEF6EE" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Our examinations of Mayer’s (1910) material at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, revealed that the specimens belong to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFCB58D39E6FBF74D" box="[864,973,538,563]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFCB58D39E6FBF74D" box="[864,973,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and they agree in their morphological characteristics with material examined from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFD358D62E618F725" box="[736,814,577,603]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFB9C8D62E1EAF725" box="[1097,1244,577,603]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
appear to be a developmental series displaying numerous stages in the maturation process from juvenile to adult in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFAE58D4BE414F7D6" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFAE58D4BE414F7D6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985B0B2BFEE78DADE7BFF7D6" author="Mayer" box="[306,649,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the World, Vol III. The Scyphomedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC." type="book" year="1910">Mayer (1910: 516, Fig. 331)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
depicted two stages in the development of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFB418DACE0A3F7D6" box="[1172,1429,655,680]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFB418DACE0A3F7D6" box="[1172,1429,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even though he did not explicitly state so. The oral view of the stomach shows the well-developed, cock’scomb shaped gonads typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFDD98DFFE74EF78B" box="[524,632,732,757]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFDD98DFFE74EF78B" box="[524,632,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the side view of the animal depicts an immature specimen that has not yet fully developed. There is little doubt that what Mayer observed was a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFAF38C21E0A2F665" box="[1318,1428,770,795]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFAF38C21E0A2F665" box="[1318,1428,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFF0A8C0AE47DF63C" box="[223,331,809,834]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFF0A8C0AE47DF63C" box="[223,331,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not described until some 45 years later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985B0B2BFC8D8C0AE139F63D" author="Southcott" box="[856,1039,809,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Southcott, R. V. (1956) Studies on Australian Cubomedusae, including a new genus and species apparently harmful to man. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 7, 254 - 280." type="journal article" year="1956">Southcott 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), he did not recognize his mistake and believed that he had an opportunity to add to the arguably insufficient original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFAD48C73E413F6EE" class="Cubozoa" family="Chiropsalmidae" genus="Chiropsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFAD48C73E413F6EE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chiropsoides quadrigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985B0B2BFEB78C55E71EF6EE" author="Gershwin" box="[354,552,886,912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Gershwin, L. A. (2006 b) Comments on Chiropsalmus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida): a preliminary revision of the Chiropsalmidae, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species. Zootaxa, 1231, 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Gershwin 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985B0B2BFF108CBEE5DCF06D" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Morphological differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFDB88CBEE60FF6C8" box="[621,825,925,950]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFDB88CBEE60FF6C8" box="[621,825,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFCA68CBEE159F6C8" box="[883,1135,925,950]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFCA68CBEE159F6C8" box="[883,1135,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are few, and the shape of the pedalial canal bend seems to be the most reliable character to distinguish the two. However, we believe that they represent different species, and geographic distance among the collection sites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFB1A8CC9E0ABF17D" box="[1231,1437,1002,1027]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFB1A8CC9E0ABF17D" box="[1231,1437,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFF1E8B32E4E4F154" box="[203,466,1041,1066]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFF1E8B32E4E4F154" box="[203,466,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lends additional credibility to this interpretation. In addition to morphological differences and allopatric distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFD5C8B1BE661F12F" box="[649,855,1080,1105]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFD5C8B1BE661F12F" box="[649,855,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFC448B1BE1A6F12F" box="[913,1168,1080,1105]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFC448B1BE1A6F12F" box="[913,1168,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we observed a strong genetic differentiation among the two. We calculated uncorrected pairwise distances among mitochondrial COI sequences from the Ishigaki
|
||
<typeStatus id="173C87AB985B0B2BFDEA8BA6E743F1E1" box="[575,629,1157,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFCC48BA6E129F1E0" box="[785,1055,1157,1182]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFCC48BA6E129F1E0" box="[785,1055,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(GenBank nos.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="D7D4A4EA985B0B2BFB398BA6E051F1E1" box="[1260,1383,1157,1183]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ665180" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FJ665180</accessionNumber>
|
||
and
|
||
<accessionNumber id="D7D4A4EA985B0B2BFF428B8FE43BF1B8" box="[151,269,1196,1222]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ665182" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FJ665182</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and an unvouchered specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFD7D8B8FE642F1BB" box="[680,884,1196,1221]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFD7D8B8FE642F1BB" box="[680,884,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Weipa, Queensland,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFB658B8FE02AF1B8" box="[1200,1308,1196,1222]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(GenBank no.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="D7D4A4EA985B0B2BFF178BF1E40DF192" box="[194,315,1234,1260]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FJ665182" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FJ665182</accessionNumber>
|
||
). Both sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFDFF8BF0E613F192" box="[554,805,1235,1260]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFDFF8BF0E613F192" box="[554,805,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were identical, but differed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFB788BF0E04EF192" box="[1197,1400,1235,1260]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFB788BF0E04EF192" box="[1197,1400,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by 16.7%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8383909985B0B2BFF428A03E638F3E8" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
In a medical thesis,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1644F8985B0B2BFE418A03E770F044" author="Fenner" box="[404,582,1312,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" refString="Fenner, P. J. (1997) The global problem of cnidarian (jellyfish) stinging. M. D. Thesis, University of London (available from: www. marine-medic. com. au, accessed 30 January 2009)." type="journal article" year="1997">Fenner (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified close affinities between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFBD78A03E1EAF047" box="[1026,1244,1312,1337]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fleckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFBD78A03E1EAF047" box="[1026,1244,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex fleckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the deadly venomous chirodropid known from both Japanese and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFC9D8A65E6FFF01E" box="[840,969,1350,1376]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Philippine</collectingCountry>
|
||
waters. Dr. Fenner’s familiarity with morphological characters of the latter was garnered through correspondence with Y. Araki and the first author of this manuscript, and his study of Mayer’s specimens. He also pointed out the distinguishing feature of the pedalial canal bend, but did not describe it as a new species. He noted many more fatalities related to jellyfish envenomations in the Indo-West Pacific. Future sampling will probably lead to additional records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFAE58AC2E0AAF084" box="[1328,1436,1505,1530]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFAE58AC2E0AAF084" box="[1328,1436,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species or probably even new, distinct species. In general, there appears to be a tendency for morphological conservativeness in Cubozoa and probably Medusozoa in general. Given these considerations, future studies may show that
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0907999985B0B2BFE9C8976E4F7F311" box="[329,449,1621,1647]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Philippine</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Japanese specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F87428A985B0B2BFCD98976E13EF310" box="[780,1032,1621,1646]" class="Cubozoa" family="Chirodropidae" genus="Chironex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chirodropida" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yamaguchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAF3E51B985B0B2BFCD98976E13EF310" box="[780,1032,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Chironex yamaguchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent two distinct species, but our current data do not support such an interpretation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |