171 lines
17 KiB
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171 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86008" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-80-541" ID-Pensoft-UUID="92A8EB05D4DB5AD3B9FE4382897F3E60" ID-ZooBank="09338026092F42FB8E2F00DD6B868D49" ModsDocID="1864-8312-80-541" checkinTime="1664443249919" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Perez-Gonzalez, Abel, Labarque, Facundo M., Carboni, Martin, Hammel, Joerg U., Kunz, Robin, Ramirez, Martin J. & Solorzano-Kraemer, Monica M." docDate="2022" docId="3B3C20749E615CFEBA7E46A209372E1C" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 80: 541-559" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 80" docPubDate="2022-09-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86008" docTitle="Loxosceles defecta Wunderlich 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="92A8EB05D4DB5AD3B9FE4382897F3E60" lastPageNumber="541" masterDocId="92A8EB05D4DB5AD3B9FE4382897F3E60" masterDocTitle="Revision of recluse spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae: Loxosceles) preserved in Dominican amber and a total-evidence phylogeny of Scytodoidea reveal the first fossil Drymusidae" masterLastPageNumber="559" masterPageNumber="541" pageNumber="541" updateTime="1664443249919" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of recluse spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae: Loxosceles) preserved in Dominican amber and a total-evidence phylogeny of Scytodoidea reveal the first fossil Drymusidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3728-3270</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ivanlfmagalhaes@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perez-Gonzalez, Abel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-6811</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Labarque, Facundo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-1949</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva (DEBE), Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), campus Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, CEP 13565 - 905, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carboni, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hammel, Joerg U.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-6811</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Outstation at DESY, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D- 21502 Geesthacht, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kunz, Robin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, D- 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ramirez, Martin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-0130</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia ", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Solorzano-Kraemer, Monica M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-119X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, D- 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>80</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>541</mods:start>
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<mods:end>559</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86008</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86008</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1864-8312-80-541</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">09338026092F42FB8E2F00DD6B868D49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">92A8EB05D4DB5AD3B9FE4382897F3E60</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B3C20749E615CFEBA7E46A209372E1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B3C20749E615CFEBA7E46A209372E1C" lastPageNumber="541" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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5.1.1.
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<taxonomicName LSID="3B3C2074-9E61-5CFE-BA7E-46A209372E1C" authority="Wunderlich, 1988" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1988" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles defecta" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="defecta">Loxosceles defecta Wunderlich, 1988</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Loxosceles defecta Wunderlich, 1988, holotype (SMF-Be 970 a; A, B, E, G-I) and paratype (SMF-Be 970 b; C, D, F) embedded in the same amber piece, photographs under light microscopy. A habitus, dorsal view. Arrow to incrassate tibia I. B prosoma, dorsal view. C prosoma, subanterior view. Note six eyes in three dyads. D left chelicera, subanterior view. Arrows to bifid apex of cheliceral lamina. E left tibia I, retrolateral view. Arrow to incrassate region with strong macrosetae. F right tibia I, dorsal view. Arrow to strong macrosetae. G left tarsus I, apical view. Note absence of third claw. H right palp, retrolateral. I: left bulb, dorsal. Arrow to prolateral lobe of the cymbium. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, E, F), 0.5 mm (C, H), 0.2 mm (I) 0.1 mm (D, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e86008.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/749995" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1988" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles defecta" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="defecta">Loxosceles defecta</taxonomicName>
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Wunderlich, 1988: 69, figs 92-94.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Adult male holotype and adult male paratype in the same Dominican amber piece, holotype SMF Be 970a, paratype SMF Be 970b, deposited in SMF, examined. No other specimens are known.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="preservation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Preservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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Both spiders are preserved in the same reddish yellow amber piece. Both individuals are partly incomplete and preserved in moderate condition. In both spiders the abdomen is severely shrunk. The holotype has both palps (right palp slightly deformed, with a bubble trapped in the tibia), while the paratype has none. The holotype is missing right leg I, right leg IV and parts of right legs II and III; left leg I is detached from the body and preserved to the left of the animal. The paratype has all the legs on the right side but they are distinctly deformed and covered by emulsion; only part of femur IV remains in the left side. Syninclusions: a large leg of an entelegyne spider, a leaf, and a
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heineken et Lowe, 1832 [Family Sicariidae Keyserling" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Collembola" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Collembola</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1988" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles defecta" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="defecta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Loxosceles defecta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be diagnosed from the other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Heineken et Lowe, 1832 [Family Sicariidae Keyserling" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Loxosceles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Dominican amber (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. deformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" rank="species" species="deformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">L. deformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), as well as from extant Antillean species, by the sinuous, distally incrassate first tibia bearing macrosetae (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Loxosceles defecta Wunderlich, 1988, holotype (SMF-Be 970 a; A, B, E, G-I) and paratype (SMF-Be 970 b; C, D, F) embedded in the same amber piece, photographs under light microscopy. A habitus, dorsal view. Arrow to incrassate tibia I. B prosoma, dorsal view. C prosoma, subanterior view. Note six eyes in three dyads. D left chelicera, subanterior view. Arrows to bifid apex of cheliceral lamina. E left tibia I, retrolateral view. Arrow to incrassate region with strong macrosetae. F right tibia I, dorsal view. Arrow to strong macrosetae. G left tarsus I, apical view. Note absence of third claw. H right palp, retrolateral. I: left bulb, dorsal. Arrow to prolateral lobe of the cymbium. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, E, F), 0.5 mm (C, H), 0.2 mm (I) 0.1 mm (D, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e86008.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/749995" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">1E, F</figureCitation>
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); the palp has a gently curved, flattened embolus that is ~1.5 times as long as the globose base of the bulb and is less flattened than that of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. deformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="541" rank="species" species="deformis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">L. deformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="541" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="541">
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Male holotype (SMF-Be 970a).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Structure</emphasis>
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: Carapace slightly wider than long, narrowed anteriorly, particularly hirsute in the cephalic region, with a well-developed fovea. Leg I with sinuous tibia, distally incrassate, with ~5 visible macrosetae in the retrolateral face of the incrassate portion (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Loxosceles defecta Wunderlich, 1988, holotype (SMF-Be 970 a; A, B, E, G-I) and paratype (SMF-Be 970 b; C, D, F) embedded in the same amber piece, photographs under light microscopy. A habitus, dorsal view. Arrow to incrassate tibia I. B prosoma, dorsal view. C prosoma, subanterior view. Note six eyes in three dyads. D left chelicera, subanterior view. Arrows to bifid apex of cheliceral lamina. E left tibia I, retrolateral view. Arrow to incrassate region with strong macrosetae. F right tibia I, dorsal view. Arrow to strong macrosetae. G left tarsus I, apical view. Note absence of third claw. H right palp, retrolateral. I: left bulb, dorsal. Arrow to prolateral lobe of the cymbium. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, E, F), 0.5 mm (C, H), 0.2 mm (I) 0.1 mm (D, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e86008.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/749995" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">1E</figureCitation>
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); third claw absent. Palps (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Loxosceles defecta Wunderlich, 1988, holotype (SMF-Be 970 a; A, B, E, G-I) and paratype (SMF-Be 970 b; C, D, F) embedded in the same amber piece, photographs under light microscopy. A habitus, dorsal view. Arrow to incrassate tibia I. B prosoma, dorsal view. C prosoma, subanterior view. Note six eyes in three dyads. D left chelicera, subanterior view. Arrows to bifid apex of cheliceral lamina. E left tibia I, retrolateral view. Arrow to incrassate region with strong macrosetae. F right tibia I, dorsal view. Arrow to strong macrosetae. G left tarsus I, apical view. Note absence of third claw. H right palp, retrolateral. I: left bulb, dorsal. Arrow to prolateral lobe of the cymbium. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, E, F), 0.5 mm (C, H), 0.2 mm (I) 0.1 mm (D, G)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e86008.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/749995" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">1H, I</figureCitation>
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); femur elongate; tibia slightly incrassate, ventrally bulging; cymbium short and blunt, prolaterally bulging; bulb with small globose base and gently curved, flattened, slightly sinuous embolus.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Measurements</emphasis>
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[mm]: Total length not possible to measure. Carapace length 1.98, width 2.02. Abdomen damaged. Palpal femur length 1.13. Palpal tibia length 0.70, height 0.35. Leg I: femur 3.08, patella 0.74, tibia 4.44, metatarsus and tarsus not possible to measure. Leg II: femur 3.37, patella 0.79, tibia 4.40, not possible to measure from metatarsus. Leg III: femur 2.23, not possible to measure from patella. Leg IV: femur 6.34, patella 1.64, tibia 3.76, metatarsus and tarsus damaged. - Male paratype (SMF-Be 970b).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">Structure</emphasis>
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: Six eyes in three dyads separated by 1-2 eye diameters (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Loxosceles deformis Wunderlich, 1988, holotype (SMF-Be 968 a), photographs under light microscopy. A, B habitus, dorsal view. C left tibia I, prolateral. D palps, subventral view. E right palp, retrolateral view. F right bulb, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C), 0.5 mm (D, E), 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e86008.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/749996" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">2C</figureCitation>
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). Chelicerae with stridulatory files formed by deep ridges (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Loxosceles deformis Wunderlich, 1988, holotype (SMF-Be 968 a), photographs under light microscopy. A, B habitus, dorsal view. C left tibia I, prolateral. D palps, subventral view. E right palp, retrolateral view. F right bulb, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C), 0.5 mm (D, E), 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.80.e86008.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/749996" pageId="0" pageNumber="541">2D</figureCitation>
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), bifid cheliceral lamina and large promarginal lobe; teeth absent. Tibia I deformed, distally incrassate bearing macrosetae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |