296 lines
37 KiB
XML
296 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E764477F6171A032B16C8A2BE1C0D2CB">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FF8482167CF6FED8FED3FA51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823238" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557746" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823238" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF8482167CF6FED8FED3FA51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FF8482167CF6FED8FED3FA51" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177CF6FED8FAAAFE8A" box="[925,1342,257,280]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177CF6FED8FAAAFE8A" blockId="56.[925,1342,257,315]" box="[925,1342,257,280]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<heading id="D0B481CBFF8482177CF6FED8FAAAFE8A" bold="true" box="[925,1342,257,280]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177CF6FED8FAAAFE8A" authority="Guenee, 1854" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[925,1342,257,280]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Salbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177CF6FED8FAAAFE8A" bold="true" box="[925,1342,257,280]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177CF6FED8FB0BFE8A" bold="true" box="[925,1183,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Salbia haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177BCDFED8FAAAFE8A" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1190,1342,257,280]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de & Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177C96FEFBFB4BFEA9" box="[1021,1247,290,315]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177C96FEFBFB4BFEA9" blockId="56.[925,1342,257,315]" box="[1021,1247,290,315]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8482177C96FEFBFBE2FEAB" box="[1021,1142,290,313]" captionStart="Figs 49 - 56" captionStartId="19.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,279,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[203,1386,257,1833]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 49 - 56. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (49, 50) Rhectocraspeda periusalis. (49) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (50) ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, ± 15 km N Pto Villamil, 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (51, 52) Salbia haemorrhoidalis. (51) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, antiguo botadero, ca. 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 169 m, 22. ii. 2005, MHNG. (52) ♂, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 8. v. 2002, MHNG. (53, 54) Samea castellalis. (53) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, close to Caseta, 686 m, 6. iii. 2005, MHNG. (54) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, pampa zone, 15. ii. 1989, CNC. (55, 56) Samea coffea. (55) ♀ holotype, CNC. (56) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 12. ii. 1989, CNC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162859/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Figs 51, 52</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8482177BEAFEFAFB3FFEA9" box="[1153,1195,291,315]" captionStart="Figs 122 - 124" captionStartId="49.[151,192,1703,1724]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,262,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1437,262,1645]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Figs 122 - 124. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (122) Psara chathamalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8663, Santiago. (123) Rhectocraspeda periusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8981, Isabela. (124) Salbia haemorrhoidalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8700, Santa Cruz." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162874/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">124</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8482177BDCFEFAFB4BFEA9" box="[1207,1247,291,315]" captionStart="Figs 168 - 172" captionStartId="73.[151,192,1968,1989]" captionTargetBox="[175,1400,263,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[161,1420,254,1925]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figs 168 - 172. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (168) Psara chathamalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8993, Galápagos, Española. (169) Rhectocraspeda periusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8982, Galápagos, Isabela. (170) Salbia haemorrhoidalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8994, Brazil. (171) Samea castellalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8707, Galápagos, San Cristóbal. (172) S. coffea paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8720." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162886/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">170</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177C54FE89FA85FEF4" box="[831,1297,336,358]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177C54FE89FA85FEF4" blockId="56.[831,1297,336,358]" box="[831,1297,336,358]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF8482177C54FE89FA85FEF4" box="[831,1297,336,358]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177C54FE89FB4BFEF4" authority="Guenee, 1854: 201" authorityName="Guenee" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1854" box="[831,1247,336,358]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Salbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54FE89FBB7FEF7" box="[831,1059,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Salbia haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF8482177B43FE89FB4BFEF4" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1064,1247,336,358]" page="201" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" year="1854">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177B43FE89FB26FEF7" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1064,1202,336,357]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de & Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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: 201
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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-202.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177C54FE54FAA5FDFB" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177C54FE54FAA5FDFB" blockId="56.[831,1437,397,617]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54FE54FBBCFE36" bold="true" box="[831,1064,397,420]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8482177B5DFE54FBF2FE37" box="[1078,1126,397,421]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8482177B17FE54FB3FFE37" box="[1148,1195,397,421]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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from the
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177A47FE54FC1BFE56" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
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: –
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177CDDFE74FB8CFE56" box="[950,1048,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Floreana</emphasis>
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: Scalesias near Cerro Pajas, GPS: elev[ation].
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<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177CADFE17FB86FE74" box="[966,1042,462,486]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="329.0">329 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8482177B48FE17FB50FE74" box="[1059,1220,462,486]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" precision="1" value="-1.2957166">S 01° 17.743’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8482177BBEFE16FAEBFE74" box="[1237,1407,462,486]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" precision="1" value="-90.45185">W 90° 27.111’</geoCoordinate>
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. –
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54FE36FC43FD97" box="[831,983,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177C54FE36FC43FD97" box="[831,983,494,518]" country="Dominican Republic" name="San Cristobal" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177C54FE36FC43FD97" box="[831,983,494,518]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">San Cristóbal</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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: antiguo botadero, ca.
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<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177BB3FE36FA86FD97" box="[1240,1298,494,519]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
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SE P[uer]to Baquerizo,
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<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177CD6FDD6FB97FDB5" box="[957,1027,527,551]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="169.0">169 m</quantity>
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elev.,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8482177B27FDC9FB73FDB4" box="[1100,1255,527,552]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" precision="1" value="-0.9133333">S 00° 54.800’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8482177B9FFDC9FA0DFDB4" box="[1268,1433,527,552]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" precision="1" value="-89.57623">W 89° 34.574’</geoCoordinate>
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. –
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C38FDE9FC5EFDD5" box="[851,970,560,583]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177C38FDE9FC5EFDD5" box="[851,970,560,583]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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: NNW Bella Vista, GPS:
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<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177BB0FDF6FA8AFDDA" box="[1243,1310,559,584]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="225.0">225 m</quantity>
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elev.,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8482177A09FDE9FC00FDFB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" precision="1" value="-0.6882166">S 00° 41.293’</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF8482177CF4FD88FBABFDF5" box="[927,1087,592,617]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" precision="1" value="-90.32775">W 90° 19.665’</geoCoordinate>
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. Deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8482177BB3FD88FAB9FDFB" box="[1240,1325,593,617]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">MHNG</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177C54FD59FBB3FBAC" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177C54FD59FBB3FBAC" blockId="56.[831,1437,640,1086]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54FD59FC2CFD05" bold="true" box="[831,952,640,663]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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In the
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<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177B75FD59FB04FD05" box="[1054,1168,640,663]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
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this species (
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<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8482177A50FD59FCCFFD25" captionStart="Figs 49 - 56" captionStartId="19.[151,192,1881,1902]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,279,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[203,1386,257,1833]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 49 - 56. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (49, 50) Rhectocraspeda periusalis. (49) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Central, 700 m, 9. iv. 1992, MHNG. (50) ♀, Galápagos, Isabela, ± 15 km N Pto Villamil, 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (51, 52) Salbia haemorrhoidalis. (51) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, antiguo botadero, ca. 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 169 m, 22. ii. 2005, MHNG. (52) ♂, Ecuador, Pichincha, Septimo Paraiso Reserve, ± 1300 m, 8. v. 2002, MHNG. (53, 54) Samea castellalis. (53) ♀, Galápagos, Santiago, close to Caseta, 686 m, 6. iii. 2005, MHNG. (54) ♂, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, pampa zone, 15. ii. 1989, CNC. (55, 56) Samea coffea. (55) ♀ holotype, CNC. (56) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, San Cristóbal, 4 km SE Pto Baquerizo, 12. ii. 1989, CNC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162859/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Figs 51, 52</figureCitation>
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) is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177B3AFD79FA08FD25" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1105,1436,672,695]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Omiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicata" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
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<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177B3AFD79FA8CFD25" box="[1105,1304,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Omiodes indicata</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8482177C2CFD18FC4BFD48" box="[839,991,705,730]" captionStart="Figs 41 - 48" captionStartId="17.[151,192,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,281,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[203,1384,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 41 - 48. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (41, 42) Omiodes indicata. (41) ♂, Galápagos, Tagus Cove, emerged ex pupa on Desmodium glabrum, 20 - 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (42) ♀, Galápagos, Pinta, ± 50 m, 20. iii. 1992, MHNG. (43) Patania silicalis ♀, Galápagos, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (44, 45) Penestola bufalis. (44) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Cerro Inn, 28. iii. 1992, MHNG. (45) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, wall of Inverts. lab., 11 m, 6. iv. 2004, MHNG. (46, 47) Pilocrocis ramentalis. (46) ♂, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Estacion Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 15. vii. 2009, MHNG. (47) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 6. iii. 1992, MHNG. (48) Psara chathamalis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Bahía Conway, 14. iv. 1992, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162858/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Figs 41, 42</figureCitation>
|
||
), based on size and mostly orange colouration. Generally around
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177BCDFD3BFB6EFD68" box="[1190,1274,738,762]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
in wingspan,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177C54FCDAFB9AFC8B" box="[831,1038,770,794]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Salbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54FCDAFB9AFC8B" box="[831,1038,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">S. haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177A49FCDAFA08FC8B" box="[1314,1436,770,794]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Omiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicata" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177A49FCDAFA08FC8B" box="[1314,1436,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">O. indicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the forewing by the thinner, less contrasting dash in the cell, the absence of a smaller spot anteriorly in the same cell, and the usually straight submedian line without a separate subcostal dash in the hindwing. In addition, the male abdomen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177BA1FC7FFA09FC2E" box="[1226,1437,933,957]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Salbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177BA1FC7FFA09FC2E" box="[1226,1437,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">S. haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has apical white and black patches on the last and penultimate segments dorsally, whereas the male (and female) abdomen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177B49FBD1FB08FB8C" box="[1058,1180,1031,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Omiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicata" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177B49FBD1FB08FB8C" box="[1058,1180,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">O. indicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apically is without any contrasting markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177C54FB8EFB08FAE1" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177C54FB8EFB08FAE1" blockId="56.[831,1437,1111,1395]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54FB8EFC34FBFC" bold="true" box="[831,928,1111,1134]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
The known host plants of the larva are in family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177CF3FBA1FBB5FB1D" box="[920,1057,1144,1167]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Verbenaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177BD6FBA0FA83FB02" box="[1213,1303,1145,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177BD6FBA0FA83FB02" box="[1213,1303,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Lantana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177C54FB43FC3BFB23" box="[831,943,1178,1201]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54FB43FC3BFB23" box="[831,943,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">L. camara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177C8AFB41FB40FB23" author="Robinson G. S. & Ackery P. R. & Kitching I. J. & Beccaloni G. W. & Hernandez L. M." box="[993,1236,1176,1201]" journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Robinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177B39FB43FB10FB3D" box="[1106,1156,1176,1201]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177B83FB43FA08FB23" box="[1256,1436,1178,1201]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177B83FB43FA08FB23" box="[1256,1436,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Lantana camara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a perennial, invasive shrub present in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177A47FB60FA09FB42" box="[1324,1437,1209,1232]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
along with the endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8482177BFCFB02FA0DFA83" authority="Andersson (Jaramillo Diaz & Guezou, 2015)" authorityName="Andersson (Jaramillo Diaz & Guezou" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peduncularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177BFCFB02FA09FB62" box="[1175,1437,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Lantana peduncularis</emphasis>
|
||
Andersson (Jaramillo
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177B36FB23FA04FA83" author="Jaramillo Diaz P." box="[1117,1424,1274,1299]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" pagination="2016" part="1" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation.org" refString="Jaramillo Diaz P., GuezouA. 2015. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A. & Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / vascular-plants / Last accessed 1 June 2016." title="CDF Checklist of Galapagos Vascular Plants - FCD Lista de especies de Plantas Vasculares de Galapagos" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Diaz & Guézou, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimens available from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177BE3FAC2FB6DFAA0" box="[1160,1273,1307,1330]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
were collected in various habitats located between 169 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8482177A5DFAE5FAE9FAC1" box="[1334,1405,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="329.0">329 m</quantity>
|
||
in elevation, in February and April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482177C54FA52FCEFF978" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177C54FA52FCEFF978" blockId="56.[831,1437,1419,1770]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54FA52FC4CFA30" bold="true" box="[831,984,1419,1442]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Based on BMNH specimens and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177C54FA74FBD8FA51" author="Patterson B." box="[831,1100,1452,1476]" journalOrPublisher="North American Moth Photographers Group" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" publicationUrl="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu" refString="Patterson B. et al. 2015. North American Moth Photographers Group. http: // mothphotographersgroup. msstate. edu." title="et al" type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Patterson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177CDFFA74FC79FA51" box="[948,1005,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
this species described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177C54FA14FC15FA76" box="[831,897,1485,1508]" name="Brazil" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
is present from the southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177B94FA14FAB6FA77" box="[1279,1314,1485,1509]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
States of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177C54FA34FC30F996" box="[831,932,1517,1540]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177CD2FA34FB9CF996" box="[953,1032,1517,1540]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177B3AFA37FB07F997" box="[1105,1171,1518,1541]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, through the Antilles,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177C54F9D7FC1AF9B7" box="[831,910,1550,1573]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
and South America at least to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177A62F9D7FADFF9B7" box="[1289,1355,1550,1573]" name="Brazil" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the south. It is also distributed widely elsewhere around the world in tropical and subtropical locales (BMNH specimens;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177CD5F9A8FB71F914" author="De Prins J. & De Prins W." box="[958,1253,1647,1672]" journalOrPublisher="World Wide Web electronic publication (www. afromoths. net) [last accessed" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" pagination="2015" part="30" refString="De Prins J., De Prins W. 2015. Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera). World Wide Web electronic publication (www. afromoths. net) [last accessed 30 October 2015]" title="Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="2015">De Prins & De Prins, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177B9AF9B6FCECF93B" author="Robinson G. S. & Ackery P. R. & Kitching I. J. & Beccaloni G. W. & Hernandez L. M." journalOrPublisher="a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" publicationUrl="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/researchcuration/research/projects/hostplants" refString="Robinson G. S., Ackery P. R., Kitching I. J., Beccaloni G. W., Hernandez L. M. 2014. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / researchcuration / research / projects / hostplants /" title="HOSTS" type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Robinson
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177A34F9A8FA1BF914" box="[1375,1423,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8482177CEFF949FBCEF935" author="Shaffer M. & Nielsen E. S. & Horak M." box="[900,1114,1680,1704]" editor="Nielsen E. S." journalOrPublisher="Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" refString="Shaffer M., Nielsen E. S., Horak M. 1996. Pyralidae (pp. 164 - 199). In: Nielsen E. S., Edwards E. D., Rangsi T. V. (eds). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. In: Nielsen E. S. (ed.), Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera 4. CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra." title="Pyralidae (pp. 164 - 199)" type="book" year="1996">
|
||
Shaffer
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177CB0F948FB9FF935" box="[987,1035,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177BDFF949FAB1F935" box="[1204,1317,1680,1703]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens collected are from Floreana,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177BECF968FA8BF95A" box="[1159,1311,1713,1737]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177BECF968FA8BF95A" box="[1159,1311,1713,1737]" country="Dominican Republic" name="San Cristobal" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">San Cristóbal</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177A0AF968FCE2F978" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8482167C54F8DBFED3FA51" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="372" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8482177C54F8DBFA09F78F" blockId="56.[831,1437,1793,2079]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54F8DBFC25F888" bold="true" box="[831,945,1794,1818]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8482177C99F8DBFBB4F888" box="[1010,1056,1794,1818]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens (a male and a female from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8482177CE8F8FBFC53F8AB" box="[899,967,1826,1849]" name="Brazil" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) of this species were not found in the BMNH, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8482177C94F89AFBACF8C9" box="[1023,1080,1859,1883]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of synonyms
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177B8BF89BFAAAF8CB" box="[1248,1342,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">dotatalis</emphasis>
|
||
Walker,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177C54F8BAFC39F8E8" box="[831,941,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">suffectalis</emphasis>
|
||
Walker,
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177B49F8BAFB06F8E8" box="[1058,1170,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">abruptalis</emphasis>
|
||
Walker, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8482177A55F8BAFA08F8E8" box="[1342,1436,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">dircealis</emphasis>
|
||
Walker are all there. This is the first record of this species for the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8482177C89F87DFBC7F829" box="[994,1107,1956,1979]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
archipelago, where specimens have been collected in
|
||
<date id="FFFD1067FF8482177B0BF81CFA8CF849" box="[1120,1304,1988,2013]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371" value="2004" valueMax="2005">2004 and 2005</date>
|
||
. The three available specimens match the original description and BMNH
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8482177CA5F7DEFB93F78D" box="[974,1031,2055,2079]" pageId="56" pageNumber="371">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of the synonyms mentioned above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3C662FFF8582167FFCFB1DFA08FB4B" box="[151,1436,1220,1242]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162878/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="372" targetBox="[151,1436,257,1168]" targetPageId="57">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8582167FFCFB1DFA08FB4B" blockId="57.[151,1436,1220,1271]" box="[151,1436,1220,1242]" pageId="57" pageNumber="372">Figs 134-135. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8582167E42FB39FAD8FB67" blockId="57.[151,1436,1220,1271]" box="[297,1356,1248,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="372">
|
||
phallus and (b), the phallus. (134)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8582167D1FFB39FCB9FB67" box="[628,813,1248,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Udea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galapagensis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8582167D1FFB39FCB9FB67" box="[628,813,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="372">Udea galapagensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8582167C59FB3BFC1CFB65" box="[818,904,1250,1271]" pageId="57" pageNumber="372" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
: slide BL 1803. (135)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8582167B34FB39FB78FB67" box="[1119,1260,1248,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Udea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sideralis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8582167B34FB39FB78FB67" box="[1119,1260,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="372">Udea sideralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8582167B9AFB39FADCFB67" box="[1265,1352,1248,1269]" pageId="57" pageNumber="372" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8582167FFCFAB1FED3FA51" blockId="57.[151,756,1384,1475]" pageId="57" pageNumber="372">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8582167FFCFAB1FE0FFAED" box="[151,411,1384,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Salbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8582167FFCFAB1FE0FFAED" box="[151,411,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="372">Salbia haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was introduced to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8582167D10FAB1FD5DFAED" box="[635,713,1384,1407]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="57" pageNumber="372">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
for the control of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8582167E59FA50FEEBFA32" box="[306,383,1417,1440]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="371" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">lantana</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it quickly became established (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8582167FF4FA72FEAFFA51" author="Munroe E. G." box="[159,315,1451,1475]" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, Honolulu" pageId="57" pageNumber="372" pagination="199 - 212" refString="Munroe E. G. 1989. Changes in classification and names of Hawaiian Pyraloidea since the publication of Insects of Hawaii, Volume 8, by E. C. Zimmerman (1958) (Lepidoptera). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, Honolulu 29: 199 - 212." title="Changes in classification and names of Hawaiian Pyraloidea since the publication of Insects of Hawaii, Volume 8, by E. C. Zimmerman (1958) (Lepidoptera)" type="book chapter" year="1989">Munroe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |