311 lines
34 KiB
XML
311 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="B50744B8BCAE7598DB366BCF1703DB79" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b3e7716-1099-48ca-803b-620c25d788f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265809" ID-ZooBank="D598E724-C9E4-4BBA-B25D-511300A47B1D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461050759050" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Marion, Angela B. & Hedges, Blair" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87A5FFB51234F3988F1631C3F0FB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4104.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4104 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cophomantinae Hoffmann 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFD3FFDDFFA91229F30F8D5E333EF35E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698579563523" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="040C765C3CBB4D047DF90605407D947C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3761EBDE07364778328800722CB19AE2">
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<mods:title id="08C41CC3E4866986FBDB1F58D6DE92BB">Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8DA627C308A9F997B632C0B4F0BA6A97" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79501123D6D1CA955F074C3035242C51">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C92DC75D43F12DB6F0D70906E6A86F5F">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B507C6A98667004510ADE9D44681E448">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3328900F5FB821AF50908ABB16850C3B">Marion, Angela B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="33D92CC9723FFE03B7DF7D417DDA1556" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B32ADDD06162550F14D9B16DE47310B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EE9876104AC357137A45C093528170B5">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="52F2596947B10AD8F2B3C2F8DAF80974">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="602EA8CF403957F54877FFBE23096E4D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="65C29671DE0957C1E1BCF183E8D2D51A">
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<mods:date id="5B3BD92AC041CD1E84CF33483EE6AD8D">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0D83E920A790270D2B051733E1C41226" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A29B5AD579BD798932B2B5866CC42C69">4104</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="99F589EFE78727814D7A85544F292C05">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5C2FA07C56BF6A0FDE1259792E16A721" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="E2CC2F58FFB51234F3988F1631C3F0FB" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="multiple">
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<treatment id="03EA87A5FFB51234F3988F1631C3F0FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5458526" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119612015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5458526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87A5FFB51234F3988F1631C3F0FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87A5FFB51234F3988F1631C3F0FB" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="C3596538FFB51235F3988F163187F13C" box="[151,697,584,610]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FFB51235F3988F163187F13C" blockId="28.[151,697,584,610]" box="[151,697,584,610]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="D0B481DFFFB51235F3988F163187F13C" bold="true" box="[151,697,584,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F3988F163187F13C" bold="true" box="[151,697,584,610]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Subfamily
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F2108F163187F13C" ID-CoL="6275W" box="[287,697,584,610]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cophomantinae">
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Cophomantinae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FFB51235F2E08F163187F13C" author="Hoffmann" box="[495,697,584,610]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Hoffmann, C. K. (1878) Klassen und Ordnungen der Amphibien wissenschaftlich dargestelldt in Wort un Bild. In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs wissenschaftlich dargestelldt in Wort und Bild. Vol. 6. Pt 2. C. F. Winter, Leipzig and Heidelberg, pp. 1 - 726." type="book chapter" year="1878">Hoffmann, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3596538FFB51235F3988FD0314CF19D" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FFB51235F3988FD0314CF19D" blockId="28.[151,1436,654,707]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F3988FD03137F1FA" box="[151,521,654,676]" genus="Cophomantina" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="genus">
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Cophomantina
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FFB51235F2368FD032E1F1FA" author="Hoffmann" box="[313,479,654,676]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Hoffmann, C. K. (1878) Klassen und Ordnungen der Amphibien wissenschaftlich dargestelldt in Wort un Bild. In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs wissenschaftlich dargestelldt in Wort und Bild. Vol. 6. Pt 2. C. F. Winter, Leipzig and Heidelberg, pp. 1 - 726." type="book chapter" year="1878">Hoffmann,1878</bibRefCitation>
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:614
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54F88811FFB51235F1158FD13172F1FA" box="[538,588,655,676]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
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genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F1AD8FD030D6F1FA" authority="Peters, 1870:650" authorityName="Peters" authorityPageNumber="650" authorityYear="1870" box="[674,1000,654,676]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Cophomantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F1AD8FD03017F1FA" box="[674,809,654,676]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cophomantis</emphasis>
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Peters, 1870:650
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</taxonomicName>
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, junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F7DF8FD03218F19D" ID-CoL="638FR" authority="Wagler, 1830:200" authorityName="Wagler" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1830" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F7DF8FD0367FF1FA" box="[1232,1345,654,676]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hypsiboas,</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FFB51235F6418FD033C5F19D" author="Wagler" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Wagler, J. (1830) Naturliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Saugthiere und Vogel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. J. G. Cotta, Munchen, Stuttgart and Tubingen, 354 pp." type="book" year="1830">Wagler, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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:200
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</taxonomicName>
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(fide Peters, 1873 “1872”: 772).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3596538FFB51235F3988FB13266F00E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FFB51235F3988FB13266F00E" blockId="28.[151,1437,751,885]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F3988FB13228F056" bold="true" box="[151,278,751,776]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Definition.</emphasis>
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Small to large, mostly arboreal frogs lacking casque heads; many have stream-adapted tadpoles. Chromosome complement 2n = 24, except 2n =
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<quantity id="4CBB9B56FFB51235F1BE8E4A31D4F073" box="[689,746,788,813]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="22.0">22 in</quantity>
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F1FF8E4A372CF073" box="[752,1042,788,813]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F1FF8E4A3731F073" box="[752,1039,788,813]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albopunctatus">Hypsiboas albopunctatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and 18, 20, and
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<quantity id="4CBB9B56FFB51235F7C58E4A363DF073" box="[1226,1283,788,813]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="22.0">22 in</quantity>
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some species of
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F3BA8E693266F00E" box="[181,344,823,848]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F3BA8E69326AF00E" box="[181,340,823,848]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Aplastodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aplastodiscus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3596538FFB51235F3C88E023162F02B" box="[199,604,860,885]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FFB51235F3C88E023162F02B" blockId="28.[151,1437,751,885]" box="[199,604,860,885]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F3C88E023210F02B" bold="true" box="[199,302,860,885]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Content.</emphasis>
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Seven genera 179 species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF3C663BFFB51235F3988A15316BF482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265823/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[151,1436,937,1845]" targetPageId="28">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FFB51235F3988A15316BF482" blockId="28.[151,1437,1867,2012]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F3988A15321FF43E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1867,1889]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
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Representatives of species groups of
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F1BF8A153025F43F" box="[688,795,1867,1889]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F1BF8A153025F43F" box="[688,795,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hypsiboas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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defined by Faivovich
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F7048A12377FF43F" box="[1035,1089,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
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2005.
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F7838A15379AF43E" bold="true" box="[1164,1188,1867,1888]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F7A28A123624F43F" box="[1197,1306,1867,1889]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibleszi">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F7A28A123624F43F" box="[1197,1306,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. sibleszi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F6248A1236A2F43F" box="[1323,1436,1867,1889]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benitezi">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F6248A1236A2F43F" box="[1323,1436,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. benitezi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group), KU 181099, Km 127, El Dorado–Santa Elena de Uairén Road, 1250 m, Bolívar, Venezuela.
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F7B38A3437EAF421" bold="true" box="[1212,1236,1898,1919]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F7D28A35364CF4DE" box="[1245,1394,1898,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanciformis">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F7D28A35364CF4DE" box="[1245,1394,1898,1920]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. lanciformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F68C8A353218F4C0" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albopunctatus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F68C8A353218F4C0" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. albopunctatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group), KU 221881, San Jacinto, 175 m, Loreto, Peru.
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F06F8AD63046F4C0" bold="true" box="[864,888,1928,1950]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F0708AD430CDF4C0" box="[895,1011,1929,1951]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riojanus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F0708AD430CDF4C0" box="[895,1011,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. riojanus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F70E8AD437B6F4C0" box="[1025,1160,1928,1951]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F70E8AD437B6F4C0" box="[1025,1160,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. pulchellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group), KU 160195, 6 km W Betanzas, 3330 m, Potosí, Bolivia.
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F1208AF93179F4E2" bold="true" box="[559,583,1959,1980]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F15E8AF631EEF4E3" box="[593,720,1960,1981]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crepitans">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F15E8AF631EEF4E3" box="[593,720,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. crepitans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB51235F1EC8AF63004F4E3" box="[739,826,1959,1981]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="faber">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB51235F1EC8AF63004F4E3" box="[739,826,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">H. faber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group), KU 166781, 16 km northeast Barrancas, 140 m, Bariñas, Venezuela. All by W. E. Duellman.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3596538FFB41234F3C88DC93054F38B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FFB41234F3C88DC93054F38B" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F3C88DC9325EF3EE" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Tropical and subtropical South
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F1FD8DC9306CF3EE" box="[754,850,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
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||
northward from
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F7248DC937BEF3EE" box="[1067,1152,151,176]" name="Bolivia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F79B8DC637C8F3EE" box="[1172,1270,152,176]" name="Uruguay" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F3988DE23238F38B" box="[151,262,188,213]" name="Argentina" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F2258DE2329EF38B" box="[298,416,188,213]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Islands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F1778DE231F2F38B" box="[632,716,188,213]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F00D8DE2305BF38B" box="[770,869,188,213]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596538FFB41234F3C88D8136B3F243" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FFB41234F3C88D8136B3F243" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F3C88D813270F3A6" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The familial name is derived from the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F05C8D81309CF3A6" box="[851,930,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">kophos</emphasis>
|
||
meaning dull and the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F7E68DBF360AF3A6" box="[1257,1332,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">mantis</emphasis>
|
||
meaning prophet. Hoffmann’s (1878) intention for the meaning of the familial name is unknown. The gender is masculine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3596538FFB41234F3C88C7931C3F0FB" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FFB41234F3C88C7932C9F2AA" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F3C88C793205F21E" bold="true" box="[199,315,295,320]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Our molecular data coupled with morphological data necessitate the recognition of one new genus within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F3E88C123256F23B" box="[231,360,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F3E88C123256F23B" box="[231,360,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hyloscirtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Enlarged oral discs completely bordered by papillae and bearing large numbers of tooth rows are characteristic of four stream-breeding genera. Two of these genera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F0C98C313754F2D6" box="[966,1130,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Colomascirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F0C98C313754F2D6" box="[966,1130,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Colomascirtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F7AC8C31361AF2D6" box="[1187,1316,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F7AC8C31361AF2D6" box="[1187,1316,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hyloscirtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are sister taxa in the Andes. The other two genera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F17B8CCA300DF2F3" box="[628,819,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Bokermannohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F17B8CCA300DF2F3" box="[628,819,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bokermannohyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F0E08CCA370DF2F3" box="[1007,1075,404,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F7628CCA37C7F2F3" box="[1133,1273,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Myersiohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F7628CCA37C7F2F3" box="[1133,1273,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Myersiohyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F6448CCA36A2F2F3" box="[1355,1436,404,429]" name="Guyana" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
Highlands) represent independent lineages. The largest known LTRF is 16/
|
||
<quantity id="4CBB9B56FFB41234F0D58CE9372CF28E" box="[986,1042,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="21.0">21 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F7188CE932CDF2AA" authority="Faivovich, McDiarmid" authorityName="Faivovich, McDiarmid" authorityYear="2013" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Myersiohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neblinaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F7188CE93620F28E" box="[1047,1310,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Myersiohyla neblinaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FFB41234F62A8CE932CDF2AA" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Faivovich, J., McDiarmid, R. W. & Myers, C. W. (2013) Two new species of Myersiohyla (Anura: Hylidae) from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela, with comments on other species of the genus. American Museum Novitates, 3792, 1 - 63. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 3792.1" type="journal article">Faivovich, McDiarmid, and Myers (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FFB41234F3C88CA131C3F0FB" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Molecular data are available for only 56 of the 90 recognized species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F71B8CA137B4F146" box="[1044,1162,511,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F71B8CA137B4F146" box="[1044,1162,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hypsiboas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(62%). There are some clades that might be recognized as genera, but each is a progressive stepwise arrangement within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F7EB8F7A3664F163" box="[1252,1370,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F7EB8F7A3664F163" box="[1252,1370,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hypsiboas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. First and foremost among these is the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F1058F1931E1F13E" box="[522,735,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="benitezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F1058F1931E1F13E" box="[522,735,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hypsiboas benitezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A36FFB41234F0328F1930B3F13E" box="[829,909,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,937,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,937,1846]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representatives of species groups of Hypsiboas defined by Faivovich et al. 2005. A. H. sibleszi (H. benitezi Group), KU 181099, Km 127, El Dorado – Santa Elena de Uairén Road, 1250 m, Bolívar, Venezuela. B. H. lanciformis (H. albopunctatus Group), KU 221881, San Jacinto, 175 m, Loreto, Peru. C. H. riojanus (H. pulchellus Group), KU 160195, 6 km W Betanzas, 3330 m, Potosí, Bolivia. D. H. crepitans (H. faber Group), KU 166781, 16 km northeast Barrancas, 140 m, Bariñas, Venezuela. All by W. E. Duellman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265823/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A), defined by Faivovich
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F7A08F1737D6F13E" box="[1199,1256,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005). Four of the species in this well-supported (98%) clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A36FFB41234F1B88F3231C2F1DA" box="[695,764,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[205,1424,1381,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[174,1472,1381,1884]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of arboranan frogs based on DNA sequence data from 19 genes (16,128 aligned sites). The tree is rooted with Ceuthomantis smaragdinus, Dendrobates auratus, Haddadus binotatus, and Rhinoderma darwinii (not shown). Bootstrap support values are indicated at nodes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265813/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) occur in northeastern South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3547623FFB41234F75F8F32378DF1DB" box="[1104,1203,620,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, whereas two others (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F3AF8FCF3048F1F6" authority="Faivovich, Moravec, Cisneros-Heredia and Kohler" authorityName="Faivovich, Moravec, Cisneros-Heredia and Kohler" box="[160,886,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nympha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F3AF8FCF321EF1F6" box="[160,288,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. nympha</emphasis>
|
||
Faivovich, Moravec, Cisneros-Heredia and Köhler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F0BA8FCF37FFF1F6" authority="Pyburn" authorityName="Pyburn" box="[949,1217,655,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microderma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F0BA8FCF375AF1F6" box="[949,1124,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. microderma</emphasis>
|
||
Pyburn
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exist in the upper Amazon Basin. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F2728FEA31A7F193" box="[381,665,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albopunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F2728FEA31A7F193" box="[381,665,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hypsiboas albopunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A36FFB41234F1A78FEA31C9F192" box="[680,759,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,937,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,937,1846]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representatives of species groups of Hypsiboas defined by Faivovich et al. 2005. A. H. sibleszi (H. benitezi Group), KU 181099, Km 127, El Dorado – Santa Elena de Uairén Road, 1250 m, Bolívar, Venezuela. B. H. lanciformis (H. albopunctatus Group), KU 221881, San Jacinto, 175 m, Loreto, Peru. C. H. riojanus (H. pulchellus Group), KU 160195, 6 km W Betanzas, 3330 m, Potosí, Bolivia. D. H. crepitans (H. faber Group), KU 166781, 16 km northeast Barrancas, 140 m, Bariñas, Venezuela. All by W. E. Duellman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265823/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
B) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F0458FEA3704F193" box="[842,1082,692,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F0458FEA3704F193" box="[842,1082,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hypsiboas pulchellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A36FFB41234F7468FEA37A9F192" box="[1097,1175,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,937,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,937,1846]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representatives of species groups of Hypsiboas defined by Faivovich et al. 2005. A. H. sibleszi (H. benitezi Group), KU 181099, Km 127, El Dorado – Santa Elena de Uairén Road, 1250 m, Bolívar, Venezuela. B. H. lanciformis (H. albopunctatus Group), KU 221881, San Jacinto, 175 m, Loreto, Peru. C. H. riojanus (H. pulchellus Group), KU 160195, 6 km W Betanzas, 3330 m, Potosí, Bolivia. D. H. crepitans (H. faber Group), KU 166781, 16 km northeast Barrancas, 140 m, Bariñas, Venezuela. All by W. E. Duellman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265823/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
C) groups also are well supported (99%). Likewise, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F1058F8931FBF1AE" box="[522,709,727,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="faber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F1058F8931FBF1AE" box="[522,709,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hypsiboas faber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13782A36FFB41234F0268F893044F1AE" box="[809,890,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1867,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,937,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,937,1846]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Representatives of species groups of Hypsiboas defined by Faivovich et al. 2005. A. H. sibleszi (H. benitezi Group), KU 181099, Km 127, El Dorado – Santa Elena de Uairén Road, 1250 m, Bolívar, Venezuela. B. H. lanciformis (H. albopunctatus Group), KU 221881, San Jacinto, 175 m, Loreto, Peru. C. H. riojanus (H. pulchellus Group), KU 160195, 6 km W Betanzas, 3330 m, Potosí, Bolivia. D. H. crepitans (H. faber Group), KU 166781, 16 km northeast Barrancas, 140 m, Bariñas, Venezuela. All by W. E. Duellman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/265823/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
D) of Faivovich
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F7328F873747F1AE" box="[1085,1145,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005) is well supported (100%) in our tree, which contains, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F1AF8FA330FFF04B" authority="Spix" authorityName="Spix" box="[672,961,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F1AF8FA3304CF04B" box="[672,882,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. albomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Spix)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F0F98FA23764F04B" box="[1014,1114,764,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladiator">gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
||
frogs that construct nests, as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FFB41234F21B8E413292F066" author="Kluge" box="[276,428,799,824]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Kluge, A. G. (1979) The gladiator frogs of Middle America and Colombia-a reevaluation of their systematics (Anura: Hylidae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 688, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1979">Kluge (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, not the misuse of the term by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B42FFB41234F00D8E4130DDF066" box="[770,995,799,824]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Kohler, J., Koscinski, D., Padial, J. M., Chaparro, J. C., Handford, P., Lougheed, S. C. & De la Riva, I. (2010) Systematics of Andean gladiator frogs of the Hypsiboas pulchellus species group (Anura, Hylidae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 572 - 590. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2010.00448. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Köhler
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F0598E7F30B0F066" box="[854,910,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F76F8E7F3676F066" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1120,1352,799,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F76F8E7F37FBF066" box="[1120,1221,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. boans</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a nestbuilding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F3F38E1A325EF003" box="[252,352,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gladiator">gladiator</taxonomicName>
|
||
frog is related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F1238E1B31E5F003" box="[556,731,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F1238E1B31E5F003" box="[556,731,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. semilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FFB41234F01B8E1B30F1F003" box="[788,975,836,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hypsiboas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geographicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FFB41234F01B8E1B30F1F003" box="[788,975,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. geographicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our tree. Such apparent discrepancies indicate that greater taxon sampling and more thorough molecular refinement is essential to construct a realistic phylogeny of this large group of Neotropical treefrogs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |