treatments-xml/data/03/EA/87/03EA87A5FF9B121BF3988B7D36A2F4B4.xml
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<document id="9F64918067D96EA3F9AC753CEDDEDD0F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4104.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9b3e7716-1099-48ca-803b-620c25d788f1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="265809" ID-ZooBank="D598E724-C9E4-4BBA-B25D-511300A47B1D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461050759050" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Marion, Angela B. &amp; Hedges, Blair" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87A5FF9B121BF3988B7D36A2F4B4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4104.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4104 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Phyllomedusidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFD3FFDDFFA91229F30F8D5E333EF35E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698579563523" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AD5E1AF1FB0EC6465EB465CDD9029CD7">Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3F55DE092D3B2D0E500155DE3693B43A">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C16897FBCB4E2CDAE66E83E9DE3B142">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03EA87A5FF9B121BF3988B7D36A2F4B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5458559" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5458559" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87A5FF9B121BF3988B7D36A2F4B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87A5FF9B121BF3988B7D36A2F4B4" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF9B121BF3988B7D3252F563" blockId="50.[151,364,1571,1597]" box="[151,364,1571,1597]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF3988B7D3252F563" ID-CoL="625JR" box="[151,364,1571,1597]" class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF3988B7D3252F563" bold="true" box="[151,364,1571,1597]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Phyllomedusidae</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BFC36B3FF9B121BF3988B3736A2F4B4" blockId="50.[151,1436,1641,2026]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Meanwhile, in South
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the first diversification within phyllomedusids took place in the Oligocene 33.3 (29.037.6) Mya when the
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF2FC8BD3301FF5F8" box="[499,801,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Cruziohyla-Phrynomedusa</emphasis>
ancestral stock departed from the early branching phyllomedusid ancestor.
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF2BA8BEF3163F594" box="[437,605,1713,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Phrynomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF2BA8BEF3163F594" box="[437,605,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Phrynomedusa</emphasis>
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differentiated into five species in southeastern
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while
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF6108BEF36A2F594" box="[1311,1436,1713,1738]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Cruziohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF6108BEF36A2F594" box="[1311,1436,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Cruziohyla</emphasis>
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inhabited the western Amazon Basin and eventually entered Central
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. The next major split in the phyllomedusid stock was the divergence of
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF1818BA73034F44C" box="[654,778,1785,1810]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Agalychnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF1818BA73034F44C" box="[654,778,1785,1810]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Agalychnis</emphasis>
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(crown node) in the latest Oligocene or earliest Miocene 23.4 Mya (18.628.3) Mya. While the major phyllomedusid stock remained in South
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,
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF6108A4336A2F468" box="[1311,1436,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Agalychnis</emphasis>
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differentiated in Central
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(see below). Generic differentiation occurred in the Miocene, when
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF6018A1F36A5F404" box="[1294,1435,1857,1882]" class="Amphibia" family="Phyllomedusidae" genus="Callimedusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF6018A1F36A5F404" box="[1294,1435,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Callimedusa</emphasis>
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diverged from
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<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF2328A3B3287F420" box="[317,441,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Pithecopus</emphasis>
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17.1 (14.819.3) Mya; the former differentiated in the Andes and upper Amazon Basin, whereas the latter evolved into nine species in eastern and northern South
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. Ancestral
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF61E8AD736A5F4FC" box="[1297,1435,1929,1954]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Phasmahyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF61E8AD736A5F4FC" box="[1297,1435,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Phasmahyla</emphasis>
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diverged from the
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF2708AF33004F498" box="[383,826,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Pithecopus-Callimedusa-Phyllomedusa</emphasis>
stock 27.9 (24.131.7) Mya and evolved streamdwelling tadpoles in southeastern
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.
<taxonomicName id="4C434D30FF9B121BF18C8A8F301CF4B4" box="[643,802,2001,2026]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Phyllomedusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B937EAA1FF9B121BF18C8A8F301CF4B4" box="[643,802,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Phyllomedusa</emphasis>
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became a distinct lineage 18.2 (15.720.6) Mya and
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