370 lines
57 KiB
XML
370 lines
57 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="36B9B43A28005BFF6FED17DD14E542F5">Morphological diversification of alien and native aquatic snails of the genus Physa and Aplexa (Gastropoda: Physidae) of Western and Central European range</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D9422C1CFBCA172274AEA64A6DF5D7FA">Cieplok, Anna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E4157539AB8FEAB77CB1ADAD1B5F5C9">Anderson, Roy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F873024C8A846C3BF1281C0D3C227973">Gawlak, Magdalena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E65B44591AC4D49450E12D692474C0EE">Kałuski, Tomasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94C3BD09603E758347EB28769B900DA2">Spyra, Aneta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4A3D8682413A40C509B9BABE8B76F3F3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4519A058F7886684E8D1F79A3930137">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7BA95CDD12D683F806D868BB97BA57C7">2022-07-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="77946D22B284EF317B53DD199A39003E">5168</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B8879FFF88CF49FF5DF721117EFA58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6908496" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197857542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6908496" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8879FFF88CF49FF5DF721117EFA58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8879FFF88CF49FF5DF721117EFA58" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection id="C30B6502FF88CF48FF5DF721128EFA97" box="[151,472,1374,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF88CF48FF5DF721128EFA97" blockId="2.[151,472,1374,1400]" box="[151,472,1374,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<heading id="D0E681E5FF88CF48FF5DF721128EFA97" bold="true" box="[151,472,1374,1400]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FF5DF721128EFA97" bold="true" box="[151,472,1374,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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Identification of
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF88CF48FEA2F721128EFA97" ID-CoL="7NKGS" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[360,472,1374,1400]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Basommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Physidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6502FF88CF48FF5DF7DC16CBF9FE" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="key">
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<keyStep id="30E52E2CFF88CF48FF5DF7DC16CBF9FE" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF88CF48FF5DF7DC16CAFA38" blockId="2.[151,1437,1443,1554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<key id="FF8061B8FF88CF48FF5DF7DC16CAFA38" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FF5DF7DC13FDFA56" bold="true" box="[151,171,1443,1465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">1)</emphasis>
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Right- handed shells of various shapes: ovate, ovate-conical, spherical or quasi-spherical, outline elongate, asymmetrical, apex pointed................................................................................ –
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FAC3F7BE16CAFA38" bold="true" box="[1289,1436,1473,1495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF88CF48FAC5F7BE16C7FA38" ID-CoL="7NJLB" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1295,1425,1473,1495]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Lymnaeidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
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</key>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF88CF48FF5DF7A116CBF9FE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1443,1554]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<keyLead id="30E095BCFF88CF48FF5DF7A116CBF9FE" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FF5DF7A113C9FA1C" bold="true" box="[151,159,1502,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">-</emphasis>
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Left-handed shells, spindle-shaped or ovoid-shaped, smooth and thin, pointed spire, small to medium-sized,
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<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF88CF48FB33F7A1160EFA1B" box="[1273,1368,1502,1524]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="5.0">5–17 mm</quantity>
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. Shells rather transparent, thin, corneous with a relatively large and long aperture without operculum.... –
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF88CF48FB6FF7841657F9FE" ID-CoL="7NKGS" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1189,1281,1531,1553]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Basommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FB6FF7841657F9FE" bold="true" box="[1189,1281,1531,1553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Physidae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF88CF48FAC4F7831611F9FE" box="[1294,1351,1532,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6930332FF88CF48FA99F78316C6F9FE" box="[1363,1424,1532,1554]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 2. Results of morphometric analyses of the specimens representing the genera Physa and Aplexa (Gastropoda: Physidae) of Western and Central Europe; measurements are given in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6E6601FF87CF47FF5DF2E810E5FF3C" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="DF6E6601FF87CF47FF5DF2E810E5FF3C">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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||
</keyStep>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6502FF88CF48FF5DF41B12CFF991" box="[151,409,1636,1662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF88CF48FF5DF41B12CFF991" blockId="2.[151,409,1636,1662]" box="[151,409,1636,1662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<heading id="D0E681E5FF88CF48FF5DF41B12CFF991" bold="true" box="[151,409,1636,1662]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FF5DF41B12CFF991" bold="true" box="[151,409,1636,1662]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF88CF48FF5DF41B1251F991" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[151,263,1636,1662]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Basommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Physidae</taxonomicName>
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Genus Key
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B6502FF88CF48FF5DF4D616CAF8F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="key">
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<key id="FF8061B8FF88CF48FF5DF4D616CAF8F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<keyStep id="30E52E2CFF88CF48FF5DF4D616CAF8F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF88CF48FF5DF4D616CAF934" blockId="2.[151,1436,1705,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<keyLead id="30E095BCFF88CF48FF5DF4D616CAF934" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FF5DF4D613FCF951" bold="true" box="[151,170,1705,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">1.</emphasis>
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Shell narrow, long, smooth, usually very glossy. Body shines through the shell. Mostly found in ephemeral (astatic) water bodies................................................................... –
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FB90F4B917A3F933" bold="true" box="[1114,1269,1734,1756]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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Genus -
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF88CF48FB7AF4B917A3F933" ID-CoL="7NPDP" authorityName="J. Fleming" authorityYear="1820" box="[1200,1269,1734,1756]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Aplexa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FB7AF4B917A3F933" bold="true" box="[1200,1269,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Aplexa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF88CF48FAC8F4B9161FF933" box="[1282,1353,1734,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<tableCitation id="C6930332FF88CF48FA99F4B916DBF934" box="[1363,1421,1734,1756]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Ecology and life cycle of sthe studied species of the family Physidae; 1—Newman et al. 1996; 2—Pip 2000; 3—Harman 2000; 4—Sankurathri & Holmes 1976; 5—Dillon 2000; 6—Dillon and Wethington 2004; 7—Stewart 2006; 8—DeWitt 1954a; 9—DeWitt 1954b; 10—Duncan 1959; 11—Reavell 1980; 12—Frömming 1956; 13—Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; 14—Spyra et al. 2019; 15—Dutkiewicz 1959; 16—Winterbourn 1973; 17—Bousset et al. 2004; 18—Spyra 2017; 19—Serafiński et al. 1989; 20—Piechocki 1975; 21—Økland 1990; 22—Den Hartog 1963a, 23—Den Hartog 1963b; 24—Spyra 2010; 25—Glöer 2002; 26—Den Hartog & De Wolf 1962; 27—Piechocki 1979; 28—Kerney 1999; 29—Beran 2002; 30—Bondesen 1950; 31—Lam & Calow 1989." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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||
).
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||
</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF88CF48FF5DF49B16CAF8F9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1705,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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<keyLead id="30E095BCFF88CF48FF5DF49B16CAF8F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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- Spire of the shell is relatively blunt and short. Rather smooth surface of the shell or with very delicate spiral lines. Snails commonly occur in ponds, rivers and streams.................................
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FBF8F57E1791F8F9" bold="true" box="[1074,1223,1792,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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– Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF88CF48FB41F57F1791F8F9" ID-CoL="7PCJZ" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" box="[1163,1223,1792,1814]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FB41F57F1791F8F9" bold="true" box="[1163,1223,1792,1814]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Physa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF88CF48FB1EF57E161EF8F8" box="[1236,1352,1793,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 1a, c, d</figureCitation>
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||
;
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<tableCitation id="C6930332FF88CF48FA99F57E16DBF8F9" box="[1363,1421,1793,1815]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Ecology and life cycle of sthe studied species of the family Physidae; 1—Newman et al. 1996; 2—Pip 2000; 3—Harman 2000; 4—Sankurathri & Holmes 1976; 5—Dillon 2000; 6—Dillon and Wethington 2004; 7—Stewart 2006; 8—DeWitt 1954a; 9—DeWitt 1954b; 10—Duncan 1959; 11—Reavell 1980; 12—Frömming 1956; 13—Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; 14—Spyra et al. 2019; 15—Dutkiewicz 1959; 16—Winterbourn 1973; 17—Bousset et al. 2004; 18—Spyra 2017; 19—Serafiński et al. 1989; 20—Piechocki 1975; 21—Økland 1990; 22—Den Hartog 1963a, 23—Den Hartog 1963b; 24—Spyra 2010; 25—Glöer 2002; 26—Den Hartog & De Wolf 1962; 27—Piechocki 1979; 28—Kerney 1999; 29—Beran 2002; 30—Bondesen 1950; 31—Lam & Calow 1989." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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).
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B6502FF88CF48FF5DF52312F3F899" box="[151,421,1884,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF88CF48FF5DF52312F3F899" blockId="2.[151,421,1884,1910]" box="[151,421,1884,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<heading id="D0E681E5FF88CF48FF5DF52312F3F899" bold="true" box="[151,421,1884,1910]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FF5DF52312F3F899" bold="true" box="[151,421,1884,1910]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF88CF48FF5DF5231251F899" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[151,263,1884,1910]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Basommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Physidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Species Key
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30B6502FF88CF49FF5DF5E5117EFA58" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="multiple">
|
||
<key id="FF8061B8FF88CF49FF5DF5E5117EFA58" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<footnote id="E80A2A87FF88CF49FF5DF5E516CAFF42" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF88CF49FF5DF5E516CAFF42" blockId="2.[151,1437,1946,2027]" lastBlockId="3.[226,1437,151,349]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E095BCFF88CF49FF5DF5E516CAFF42" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<keyStep id="30E52E2CFF88CF49FF5DF5E516CAFF42" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF88CF48FF5DF5E513FCF840" bold="true" box="[151,170,1946,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">1.</emphasis>
|
||
Shell tall, slender, narrow, usually very glossy, semi-transparent (Fig. 1b), with a high spire (Fig. 1, 2b), height of the aperture about half of overall height of the shell (Fig. 3a). Aperture narrow, its external part sharp with a lip visible under SEM (Fig. 3c). Left-handed, spindle-shape. Body whorl not especially large and narrowed at bottom. The body of the snail usually black and does not overlap outside of shell. Umbilicus completely covered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FCABF2E810FEFF42" box="[865,936,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1862,1886]" captionTargetBox="[247,1339,181,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[247,1339,181,1838]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron microscopy image of A. hypnorum shell (10.18150/UFOMHM) A, B—front (with visible lip) and back side of the shell, C—projecting lamellar crystals on the lip (Phot. A—C M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876956/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The shell measures up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FB7EF2E717A1FF42" box="[1204,1271,152,173]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FAD8F2E8161BFF42" box="[1298,1357,151,173]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, usually
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E52E2CFF89CF49FF28F2CA16CAFE5B" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF89CF49FF28F2CA170AFEB2" blockId="3.[226,1437,151,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E095BCFF89CF49FF28F2CA170AFEB2" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
8–15 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FEE3F2CA1221FF25" box="[297,375,181,203]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
with up to 7 whorls (usually 5.5–6), regularly increasing. Species occurs in almost all over Europe, often found in ponds, ditches, forest water bodies and other
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AA882BFF89CF49FD66F2AC1189FF07" box="[684,735,211,232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of lentic habitats that are temporary, dried out, or have a high fluctuation in the water level (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6930332FF89CF49FE5FF2901287FEEA" box="[405,465,239,261]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Ecology and life cycle of sthe studied species of the family Physidae; 1—Newman et al. 1996; 2—Pip 2000; 3—Harman 2000; 4—Sankurathri & Holmes 1976; 5—Dillon 2000; 6—Dillon and Wethington 2004; 7—Stewart 2006; 8—DeWitt 1954a; 9—DeWitt 1954b; 10—Duncan 1959; 11—Reavell 1980; 12—Frömming 1956; 13—Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; 14—Spyra et al. 2019; 15—Dutkiewicz 1959; 16—Winterbourn 1973; 17—Bousset et al. 2004; 18—Spyra 2017; 19—Serafiński et al. 1989; 20—Piechocki 1975; 21—Økland 1990; 22—Den Hartog 1963a, 23—Den Hartog 1963b; 24—Spyra 2010; 25—Glöer 2002; 26—Den Hartog & De Wolf 1962; 27—Piechocki 1979; 28—Kerney 1999; 29—Beran 2002; 30—Bondesen 1950; 31—Lam & Calow 1989." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" tableUuid="DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FE17F2901140FEEA" box="[477,534,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ranges of occurrence of species of the family Physidae.1—P.acuta, 2—A. hypnorum, 3—P.gyrina, 4—P. fontinalis (Feliksiak 1939; Adam 1960; Backhuys 1975, Vidal Abarca & Suarez 1986; Lisický 1991; Anderson 1996, 1997;Turner et al. 1998; Cossignani & Cossignani 1995; Kerney 1999; Anderson 2003; Beran 2004; Bank 2006; Yildirim et al. 2006; Son 2007; Horsȃk et al. 2010; Glöer & Diercking 2010; CABI Data Mining 2011; Bódis et al. 2012; Laenko 2012; Van Damme et al. 2012; Welter-Schultes 2012; Glöer 2015; Vinarski et al. 2015; Raković et al. 2016; Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; Moroz et al. 2017; Cieplok & Spyra 2020; www.faunaeuropea.org; http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876958/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)........................–
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FC9BF28F17B5FEEA" bold="true" box="[849,1251,239,261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
Moss Bladder Snail –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF89CF49FBFAF29017B5FEEA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1072,1251,239,261]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Aplexa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pteropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hypnorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FBFAF29017B5FEEA" bold="true" box="[1072,1251,239,261]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Aplexa hypnorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FB25F290167FFEEA" box="[1263,1321,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FAFFF29016C4FEEA" box="[1333,1426,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1779,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1755]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of the shell apex of Physidae (10.18150/FIZSWX) Horizontally: A—P. acuta (subsidence ponds); B—A. hypnorum (anthropogenic ponds, Poland); C—P. fontinalis (Nida River, Poland); D—P. gyrina (Ireland, The Argory- ditch and Sandy Bay L Neagh; Wales, Gwent Levels in pond in flood plain (l. Killen); E- Apex of the small (young) specimens—1—P. acuta, 2—A. hyponorum, 3—P. fontinalis, 4—P. gyrina (Phot. A–E M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876954/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 2a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FF28F3721284FECD" bold="true" box="[226,466,269,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Reproductive anatomy:</emphasis>
|
||
Penis has no preputial gland and a one-part glandular sheath. Penial sheath shorter than the preputium, widest in the distal part, tapering gradually to the distal end, which lacks a papilla. At the proximal end, the sheath is not sharply set off from the vas deferens and enlarges gradually (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B78FF89CF49FD15F3381099FEB2" author="Starobogatov, Y. I. & Prozorova, L. A. & Zatravkin, M. N." box="[735,975,327,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="62 - 78" refId="ref11807" refString="Starobogatov, Y. I., Prozorova, L. A., Zatravkin, M. N. (1989) Species composition of the family Physidae (Gastropoda Pulmonata Lymnaeiformes) of Siberia and Far East of the USSR (with notes on European physids). Byulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Pripody, otdel biologicheskiy, 94 (1), 62 - 78. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Starobogatov
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FCACF33710C1FEB3" box="[870,919,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B78FF89CF49FC12F3381707FEB2" author="Taylor, D. W." box="[984,1105,327,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 299" refId="ref12021" refString="Taylor, D. W. (2003) Introduction to Physidae (Gastropoda: Hygrophila). Biology, classification, morphology. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51, 1 - 299." type="journal article" year="2003">Taylor 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF89CF49FF5DF3FC16CAFE5B" blockId="3.[151,1436,386,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E095BCFF89CF49FF5DF3FC16CAFE5B" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
- Shell shorter and more rounded, the height of the aperture at least two thirds of the overall height of the shell. The body of the snail pale brown or greenish. The hell up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FD43F3DF1191FE5A" box="[649,711,416,437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="18.0">18mm</quantity>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FD15F3DF1048FE5A" box="[735,798,416,437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="11.0">11mm</quantity>
|
||
, with up to 4 whorls..................................–
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FA5AF3E016CAFE5B" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,415,436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">2</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E52E2CFF89CF49FF5DF3A516CAFCDD" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF89CF49FF5DF3A512B0FD18" blockId="3.[151,1437,474,760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E095BCFF89CF49FF5DF3A512B0FD18" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FF5DF3A513FFFE00" bold="true" box="[151,169,474,495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">2.</emphasis>
|
||
Shell usually fragile, very delicate, thin, wide, glossy and translucent. The hell shape oval in outline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FB62F3A517A6FE00" box="[1192,1264,474,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figs 1c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FB30F3A5165EFE1F" box="[1274,1288,474,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,692,716]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,181,669]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[244,1344,181,669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM micrograph of a P. fontinalis shell (10.18150/HIMKRE) (A–C) (Phot. M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876960/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spire short or very short, apex of the shell rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FD9BF38811CEFDE2" box="[593,664,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1779,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1755]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of the shell apex of Physidae (10.18150/FIZSWX) Horizontally: A—P. acuta (subsidence ponds); B—A. hypnorum (anthropogenic ponds, Poland); C—P. fontinalis (Nida River, Poland); D—P. gyrina (Ireland, The Argory- ditch and Sandy Bay L Neagh; Wales, Gwent Levels in pond in flood plain (l. Killen); E- Apex of the small (young) specimens—1—P. acuta, 2—A. hyponorum, 3—P. fontinalis, 4—P. gyrina (Phot. A–E M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876954/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spire blunted. 3–4 whorls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FC7AF38810A3FDE2" box="[944,1013,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FBCAF388176CFDE2" box="[1024,1082,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,692,716]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,181,669]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[244,1344,181,669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM micrograph of a P. fontinalis shell (10.18150/HIMKRE) (A–C) (Phot. M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876960/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aperture high, tapering in adapical direction. Umbilicus covered. Body whorl inflated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FD17F06A104CFDC4" box="[733,794,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,692,716]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,181,669]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[244,1344,181,669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM micrograph of a P. fontinalis shell (10.18150/HIMKRE) (A–C) (Phot. M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876960/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sutural belts of shell very delicate, visible under SEM (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FA9AF06A13B9FDA8" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,692,716]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,181,669]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[244,1344,181,669]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. SEM micrograph of a P. fontinalis shell (10.18150/HIMKRE) (A–C) (Phot. M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876960/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 5b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shell not larger than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FE06F04D1159FDA7" box="[460,527,562,584]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FDE2F04D1135FDA7" box="[552,611,562,584]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, usually less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FCD8F04D100FFDA7" box="[786,857,562,584]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with 4 whorls. Species occurs all over Western and Central Europe in lentic habitats, slow-flowing waters, among detritus, at a wide range of pH (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6930332FF89CF49FBEAF030170BFD8A" box="[1056,1117,591,613]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Ecology and life cycle of sthe studied species of the family Physidae; 1—Newman et al. 1996; 2—Pip 2000; 3—Harman 2000; 4—Sankurathri & Holmes 1976; 5—Dillon 2000; 6—Dillon and Wethington 2004; 7—Stewart 2006; 8—DeWitt 1954a; 9—DeWitt 1954b; 10—Duncan 1959; 11—Reavell 1980; 12—Frömming 1956; 13—Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; 14—Spyra et al. 2019; 15—Dutkiewicz 1959; 16—Winterbourn 1973; 17—Bousset et al. 2004; 18—Spyra 2017; 19—Serafiński et al. 1989; 20—Piechocki 1975; 21—Økland 1990; 22—Den Hartog 1963a, 23—Den Hartog 1963b; 24—Spyra 2010; 25—Glöer 2002; 26—Den Hartog & De Wolf 1962; 27—Piechocki 1979; 28—Kerney 1999; 29—Beran 2002; 30—Bondesen 1950; 31—Lam & Calow 1989." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" tableUuid="DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FBA3F03017F4FD8A" box="[1129,1186,591,613]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ranges of occurrence of species of the family Physidae.1—P.acuta, 2—A. hypnorum, 3—P.gyrina, 4—P. fontinalis (Feliksiak 1939; Adam 1960; Backhuys 1975, Vidal Abarca & Suarez 1986; Lisický 1991; Anderson 1996, 1997;Turner et al. 1998; Cossignani & Cossignani 1995; Kerney 1999; Anderson 2003; Beran 2004; Bank 2006; Yildirim et al. 2006; Son 2007; Horsȃk et al. 2010; Glöer & Diercking 2010; CABI Data Mining 2011; Bódis et al. 2012; Laenko 2012; Van Damme et al. 2012; Welter-Schultes 2012; Glöer 2015; Vinarski et al. 2015; Raković et al. 2016; Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; Moroz et al. 2017; Cieplok & Spyra 2020; www.faunaeuropea.org; http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876958/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................................................................. –
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FC39F0121282FD70" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
Common Bladder Snail –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF89CF49FB36F013123AFD4F" authority="Reproductive" authorityName="Reproductive" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fontinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FB36F01316CBFD6D" bold="true" box="[1276,1437,620,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Physa fontinalis</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
anatomy:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Penial sheath consists of one glandular part. Bulky penial sac tapers from the wide proximal end to about 1/10 of its length, and enlarges before entering the preputium. Penial sac is longer than preputium. Penis is flagelliform, with a lanceolate stylet. The length of the vas deferens IV accounts for about 1/2 the length of the penial sac and preputium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B78FF89CF49FF22F09D1237FD18" author="Taylor, D. W." box="[232,353,738,760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="1 - 299" refId="ref12021" refString="Taylor, D. W. (2003) Introduction to Physidae (Gastropoda: Hygrophila). Biology, classification, morphology. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51, 1 - 299." type="journal article" year="2003">Taylor 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B78FF89CF49FEA1F09D128DFD18" author="Gloer, P." box="[363,475,738,760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refId="ref9691" refString="Gloer, P. (2019) The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Vol. 1. Fresh- and brakish waters except spring and subterranean snails. Identification key, anatomy, ecology, distribution. Published by the author, Biodiversity Research Lab, Hetlingen, 399 pp." type="book" year="2019">Glöer 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF89CF49FF5DF16216CAFCDD" blockId="3.[151,1436,797,819]" box="[151,1436,797,819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E095BCFF89CF49FF5DF16216CAFCDD" box="[151,1436,797,819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
- Shell thicker, rather strong, larger, spire pointed and higher, shell surface smooth.................................–
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FA5AF16216CAFCDD" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,797,818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">3</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30E52E2CFF89CF49FF5DF128117EFA58" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF89CF49FF5DF128177EFB9A" blockId="3.[151,1437,855,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E095BCFF89CF49FF5DF128177EFB9A" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FF5DF12813FFFC83" bold="true" box="[151,169,855,876]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Shell often thicker, stronger and more opaque than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF89CF49FD2CF127100FFC83" box="[742,857,855,877]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fontinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FD2CF127100FFC83" box="[742,857,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">P. fontinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ovate and relatively wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FBAEF12817FFFC82" box="[1124,1193,855,877]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spire pointed (1/3 shell height adult and less than 1/
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FE3EF10A114DFC64" box="[500,539,885,907]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
juvenile specimens) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FD3AF10A106CFC65" box="[752,826,885,907]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figs 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FC8CF10A1036FC65" box="[838,864,885,906]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1779,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1755]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of the shell apex of Physidae (10.18150/FIZSWX) Horizontally: A—P. acuta (subsidence ponds); B—A. hypnorum (anthropogenic ponds, Poland); C—P. fontinalis (Nida River, Poland); D—P. gyrina (Ireland, The Argory- ditch and Sandy Bay L Neagh; Wales, Gwent Levels in pond in flood plain (l. Killen); E- Apex of the small (young) specimens—1—P. acuta, 2—A. hyponorum, 3—P. fontinalis, 4—P. gyrina (Phot. A–E M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876954/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">2a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body whorl distinctly inflated. Aperture large, tapered in adapical part. Internal white lip at the aperture margin with characteristic thickening visible under scanning electron microscope (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FF23F1D01212FC2A" box="[233,324,943,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[327,1260,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[327,1260,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. P. acuta shell features (SEM) (10.18150/G6UWMN); in which the sutural belts are visible (A), the structure of a white lip (B) with characteristic projecting lamellar crystals (C) is indicated by an arrow (Phot. A–C M. Gawlak), (D) a view of the lip visible under the stereoscopic microscope (Phot. M. Kanturski)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876962/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 6b, c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Umbilicus covered and sometimes a narrow fissure is visible. Shell corneous, with delicate shining. Shell commonly larger than in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF89CF49FE62F1B21157FC0C" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[424,513,973,995]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Basommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Physidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, measuring up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FD7FF1B211ACFC0D" box="[693,762,973,994]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FCDDF1B2100AFC0D" box="[791,860,973,994]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
(usually 8–16 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FBCDF1B2173EFC0D" box="[1031,1128,973,995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
), up to 6 whorls (usually 5–6). Species occur in most parts of Europe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FD91F19511C0FC10" box="[603,662,1002,1024]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ranges of occurrence of species of the family Physidae.1—P.acuta, 2—A. hypnorum, 3—P.gyrina, 4—P. fontinalis (Feliksiak 1939; Adam 1960; Backhuys 1975, Vidal Abarca & Suarez 1986; Lisický 1991; Anderson 1996, 1997;Turner et al. 1998; Cossignani & Cossignani 1995; Kerney 1999; Anderson 2003; Beran 2004; Bank 2006; Yildirim et al. 2006; Son 2007; Horsȃk et al. 2010; Glöer & Diercking 2010; CABI Data Mining 2011; Bódis et al. 2012; Laenko 2012; Van Damme et al. 2012; Welter-Schultes 2012; Glöer 2015; Vinarski et al. 2015; Raković et al. 2016; Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; Moroz et al. 2017; Cieplok & Spyra 2020; www.faunaeuropea.org; http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876958/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Usually found in natural water bodies, in lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, ditches, or anthropogenic water bodies; tolerates higher water temperature, high level of pollution; may be present in degraded water environments (sewage, toxic waters, in high pH values e.g., 9.4) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6930332FF89CF49FC9DF65A10C5FBD5" box="[855,915,1061,1083]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Ecology and life cycle of sthe studied species of the family Physidae; 1—Newman et al. 1996; 2—Pip 2000; 3—Harman 2000; 4—Sankurathri & Holmes 1976; 5—Dillon 2000; 6—Dillon and Wethington 2004; 7—Stewart 2006; 8—DeWitt 1954a; 9—DeWitt 1954b; 10—Duncan 1959; 11—Reavell 1980; 12—Frömming 1956; 13—Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; 14—Spyra et al. 2019; 15—Dutkiewicz 1959; 16—Winterbourn 1973; 17—Bousset et al. 2004; 18—Spyra 2017; 19—Serafiński et al. 1989; 20—Piechocki 1975; 21—Økland 1990; 22—Den Hartog 1963a, 23—Den Hartog 1963b; 24—Spyra 2010; 25—Glöer 2002; 26—Den Hartog & De Wolf 1962; 27—Piechocki 1979; 28—Kerney 1999; 29—Beran 2002; 30—Bondesen 1950; 31—Lam & Calow 1989." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" tableUuid="DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
)........ –
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FBDEF65A128EFBB8" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
American Bladder Snail –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF89CF49FAEEF65B123AFBB7" authority="Reproductive" authorityName="Reproductive" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FAEEF65B16CBFBD5" bold="true" box="[1316,1437,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Physa acuta</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
anatomy:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Penis with preputial gland and one-part muscular penial sheath, unipartite and not pigmented (Wethington 2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B78FF89CF49FE56F6201013FB9A" author="Piechocki, A. & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska, B." box="[412,837,1119,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" refId="ref11025" refString="Piechocki, A. & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska, B. (2016) Guide to freshwater and marine Mollusca of Poland. Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznan, 280 pp." type="book" year="2016">Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B78FF89CF49FC85F620174BFB9A" author="Maansi R. J. & Wats, M." box="[847,1053,1119,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" pagination="42 - 50" refId="ref10334" refString="Maansi R. J. & Wats, M. (2018) First Report of Family Physidae (Gastropoda) with Physa acuta as its Representative from Freshwaters of Chandigarh (U. T.), India. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: C, Biological Science, 18 (1), 42 - 50." type="journal article" year="2018">Maansi & Wats 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE3689FF89CF49FF5DF6E4117EFA58" blockId="3.[151,1437,1178,1464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<keyLead id="30E095BCFF89CF49FF5DF6E4117EFA58" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
- Shell larger than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE99B6CFF89CF49FE43F6E51299FB5F" box="[393,463,1178,1200]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, relatively strong, deep horn-coloured and has shallow sutures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FBF0F6E517D7FB40" box="[1082,1153,1178,1200]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1241]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1241]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Characteristic features of P. gyrina with special emphasis on the white lip (10.18150/WOIHYB) (Phot. M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876966/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
|
||
), apex is broader and blunter than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF89CF49FEE6F6C7122CFB22" box="[300,378,1208,1229]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FEE6F6C7122CFB22" box="[300,378,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">P. acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FE43F6C81284FB22" box="[393,466,1207,1229]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1779,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1755]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of the shell apex of Physidae (10.18150/FIZSWX) Horizontally: A—P. acuta (subsidence ponds); B—A. hypnorum (anthropogenic ponds, Poland); C—P. fontinalis (Nida River, Poland); D—P. gyrina (Ireland, The Argory- ditch and Sandy Bay L Neagh; Wales, Gwent Levels in pond in flood plain (l. Killen); E- Apex of the small (young) specimens—1—P. acuta, 2—A. hyponorum, 3—P. fontinalis, 4—P. gyrina (Phot. A–E M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876954/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body pigmentation has clusters of large white pigment spots, upper whorls with reddish hue. The number of whorls 3–5; whorls rather convex, with the last whorl predominating (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FBC6F6AA1703FB04" box="[1036,1109,1237,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
|
||
); aperture accounts for 55–75 % of shell height, with a broad white callus on parietal side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FCE5F68D1021FAE7" box="[815,887,1266,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[334,1254,179,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[334,1254,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physidae of Western and Central Europe (10.18150/YPDFJU)—general shell morphology A—Physa acuta (Phot. M. Kanturski), B—Aplexa hypnorum, C—Physa fontinalis, D—Physa gyrina; 1—front side of the shell, 2—shell from the side view, 3—back side of the shell (Phot. B–D A. Cieplok, A. Spyra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FC61F68D1777FAE7" box="[939,1057,1266,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1241]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1241]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Characteristic features of P. gyrina with special emphasis on the white lip (10.18150/WOIHYB) (Phot. M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876966/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 7b–g, i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shape and size of aperture variable. Characteristic thickened visible under scanning electron microscopy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FC59F7701758FACA" box="[915,1038,1295,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1264,1288]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1241]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,1241]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Characteristic features of P. gyrina with special emphasis on the white lip (10.18150/WOIHYB) (Phot. M. Gawlak)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876966/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 7e, f, h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Species occurs in standing and slowly flowing waters, inhabiting permanent and temporary ponds, shallow inshore areas and marshes. It occurs on aquatic plants and organic matter, under stones on shallow gravelly foreshores and tolerates organic water pollution and eutrophic or hypertrophic conditions (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6930332FF89CF49FE99F71812D8FA92" box="[339,398,1383,1405]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Ecology and life cycle of sthe studied species of the family Physidae; 1—Newman et al. 1996; 2—Pip 2000; 3—Harman 2000; 4—Sankurathri & Holmes 1976; 5—Dillon 2000; 6—Dillon and Wethington 2004; 7—Stewart 2006; 8—DeWitt 1954a; 9—DeWitt 1954b; 10—Duncan 1959; 11—Reavell 1980; 12—Frömming 1956; 13—Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; 14—Spyra et al. 2019; 15—Dutkiewicz 1959; 16—Winterbourn 1973; 17—Bousset et al. 2004; 18—Spyra 2017; 19—Serafiński et al. 1989; 20—Piechocki 1975; 21—Økland 1990; 22—Den Hartog 1963a, 23—Den Hartog 1963b; 24—Spyra 2010; 25—Glöer 2002; 26—Den Hartog & De Wolf 1962; 27—Piechocki 1979; 28—Kerney 1999; 29—Beran 2002; 30—Bondesen 1950; 31—Lam & Calow 1989." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" tableUuid="DF6E6601FF82CF42FF5DF2E81748FE67">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The current geographical range of this species is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A2A0CFF89CF49FC1DF7181747FA92" box="[983,1041,1383,1405]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,1782]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ranges of occurrence of species of the family Physidae.1—P.acuta, 2—A. hypnorum, 3—P.gyrina, 4—P. fontinalis (Feliksiak 1939; Adam 1960; Backhuys 1975, Vidal Abarca & Suarez 1986; Lisický 1991; Anderson 1996, 1997;Turner et al. 1998; Cossignani & Cossignani 1995; Kerney 1999; Anderson 2003; Beran 2004; Bank 2006; Yildirim et al. 2006; Son 2007; Horsȃk et al. 2010; Glöer & Diercking 2010; CABI Data Mining 2011; Bódis et al. 2012; Laenko 2012; Van Damme et al. 2012; Welter-Schultes 2012; Glöer 2015; Vinarski et al. 2015; Raković et al. 2016; Piechocki & Wawrzyniak-Wydrowska 2016; Moroz et al. 2017; Cieplok & Spyra 2020; www.faunaeuropea.org; http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876958/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
.....................
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FAC2F7171282FA75" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C114D0AFF89CF49FAD0F718123AFA74" authority="Reproductive" authorityName="Reproductive" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gyrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B965EA9BFF89CF49FAD0F71816CAFA93" bold="true" box="[1306,1436,1383,1405]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Physa gyrina</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
anatomy:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Preputial gland has a two-part penial sheath (glandular and muscular). The two sheaths are almost equal in size (Wenthington 2004).
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |