702 lines
82 KiB
XML
702 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document id="9FF3603E1543A134F8BEB71D9A404184" ID-DOI="10.35249/rche.49.3.23.08" ID-ISSN="0718-8994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13206503" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722664288317" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Maciel, Tatiane Tagliatti, Mota Soares, Matheus Mickael, Aguilar Fachin, Diego & Corrêa Barbosa, Bruno" docDate="2023" docId="03A887F9B5064F48FD34F992FBE5FDE1" docLanguage="en" docName="RevChilEntomol.49.3.487-494.pdf" docOrigin="Revista Chilena de Entomología (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) 49 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.49.3.23.08" docStyle="DocumentStyle:451321A1F3358405F3D5797D4FC35865.4:RevChilEntomol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="451321A1F3358405F3D5797D4FC35865" docStyleName="RevChilEntomol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Megaselia scalaris" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="492" masterDocId="FF91FF81B5074F4DFFF9FF8DFF9CFFA8" masterDocTitle="New records of two-winged flies (Diptera: Brachycera) in social wasp colonies (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from the Atlantic Forest biome in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="494" masterPageNumber="487" pageNumber="488" updateTime="1735846182498" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E887E550E57B195B4FD2B6DDCDE4BF74">New records of two-winged flies (Diptera: Brachycera) in social wasp colonies (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from the Atlantic Forest biome in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="791FA4D061955F520D5DE5EA80BB5460">Maciel, Tatiane Tagliatti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="89C6982642FD0D4EA1632308E607DC06">Mota Soares, Matheus Mickael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB27356F5F36157F742584D680468070">Aguilar Fachin, Diego</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB513C1A4B634B71F5039B4C34145C7A">Corrêa Barbosa, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2CE28468BE92CCFABC6FF1092BEE59C9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="57C33511B19A45B5585770477633B9DA">Revista Chilena de Entomología</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="20CA156B48F256B62C7B50407049B91E">
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<mods:date id="49AF5B658A165805CA8AC761EB448500">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="4B4998DFD20F3118526FD61A4E11E2B4">Rev. Chil. Entomol.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="0424A4B847FE3110183D0E370DE403EA">2023-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B041D0DCBD4E5908487DE83BB4FEAD60">49</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A887F9B5064F48FD34F992FBE5FDE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A887F9B5064F48FD34F992FBE5FDE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A887F9B5064F48FD34F992FBE5FDE1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="492" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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<subSubSection id="C31B6564B5064F4CFD34F992FBA8F99F" box="[717,1076,1567,1591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5064F4CFD34F992FBA8F99F" blockId="1.[88,1151,1407,1751]" box="[717,1076,1567,1591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5064F4CFD34F992FBA8F99F" ID-CoL="8CRXP" authority="(Loew, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[717,1076,1567,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
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<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5064F4CFD34F992FC0EF99F" box="[717,914,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Megaselia scalaris</emphasis>
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(Loew, 1866)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31B6564B5064F4CFBC4F992FF35F9FF" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5064F4CFBC4F992FF35F9FF" blockId="1.[88,1151,1407,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133A2A6AB5064F4CFBBCF992FF00F9FF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[151,222,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[157,1203,121,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[157,1203,121,1597]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of two-winged flies (Brachycera) recorded in social wasp colonies (Polistinae). A-B. Megaselia scalaris. C-D. Sargus fasciatus. E-F. Acrosticta apicalis. G-H. Pseudogaurax aff.longilineatus. / Ejemplares de moscas de dos alas (Brachycera) registrados en colonias de avispas sociales (Polistinae). A-B. Megaselia scalaris. C-D. Sargus fasciatus. E-F. Acrosticta apicalis. G-H. Pseudogaurax aff. longilineatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206505/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Figs. 1A, B</figureCitation>
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),
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31B6564B5064F4CFF57F9B2FC4AF9DF" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5064F4CFF57F9B2FC4AF9DF" blockId="1.[88,1151,1407,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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recorded for the first time in
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<collectingRegion id="49C5F80DB5064F4CFE00F9B2FD09F9FF" box="[505,661,1599,1623]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
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, was found in five species of social wasps, all records of new associations, with emphasis on a new host genus (
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<tableCitation id="C6830354B5064F4CFC78F9D2FC5AF9DF" box="[897,966,1631,1655]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[83,143,410,431]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. List of two-winged flies’ species (Brachycera) associated with social wasps (Polistinae) in urban and secondary forest fragments in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Caption: ■ – New host species; ▲ – New host genus; ● – First record for the state of Minas Gerais; ★ – First record for Brazil; M – Male; F – Female. / Lista de especies de moscas de dos alas (Brachycera) asociadas con avispas sociales (Polistinae) en fragmentos de bosques secundarios y urbanos en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Leyenda: ■ – Nueva especie huésped; ▲ – Nuevo género huésped; ● – Primer registro para el estado de Minas Gerais; ★ – Primer registro para Brasil; M - Macho; F – Hembra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7E6667B5044F4EFFAAFE17FE49FD8D" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" tableUuid="DF7E6667B5044F4EFFAAFE17FE49FD8D">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31B6564B5064F48FF7FF9F2FBE5FDE1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="492" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5064F4FFF7FF9F2FBDEFE7D" blockId="1.[88,1151,1407,1751]" lastBlockId="2.[150,1212,125,1748]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5064F4CFF7FF9F2FE7AF93F" authority="(Loew, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[134,486,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
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<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5064F4CFF7FF9F2FED6F93F" box="[134,330,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">Megaselia scalaris</emphasis>
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(Loew, 1866)
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</taxonomicName>
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is a cosmopolitan species, capable of exploring different
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<typeStatus id="54BA884DB5064F4CFFA2F912FF07F91F" box="[91,155,1695,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">types</typeStatus>
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of resources in the environment, where they can be detritivores, predators, parasitoids or facultative parasites (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5064F4CFE88F932FD99F97F" author="Disney, R. H. L." box="[369,517,1727,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" pagination="39 - 60" refId="ref3337" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (2008) Natural history of the scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris. Annual Review of Entomology, 53: 39 - 60." type="journal article" year="2008">Disney 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
). There are records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5064F4CFCFCF94DFCE0F97F" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[773,892,1727,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
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<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5064F4CFCFCF94DFCE0F97F" box="[773,892,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="488">M. scalaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in colonies of various social
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFF10FFF0FE13FF3D" box="[233,399,125,149]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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such as
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFDF0FFF0FCF3FF3D" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[521,879,125,149]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellifera">
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<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFDF0FFF0FD34FF3D" box="[521,680,125,149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Apis mellifera</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFC7CFFF0FBBDFF3D" author="Santini, L." box="[901,1057,125,149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="95 - 101" refId="ref4406" refString="Santini, L. (1998) Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae), a new potential pest of stored foodstuffs in the Mediterranean countries. IOBC WPRS Bulletin, 21: 95 - 101." type="journal article" year="1998">Santini 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), army ants (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFF66FF10FE20FF1D" author="Disney, R. H. L. & Berghoff, S. M." box="[159,444,157,181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="887 - 898" refId="ref3369" refString="Disney, R. H. L. and Berghoff, S. M. (2005) New species and new records of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with army ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Trinidad and Venezuela. Sociobiology, 45: 887 - 898." type="journal article" year="2005">Disney & Berghoff 2005</bibRefCitation>
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), and in social wasps:
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFD38FF10FF44FF7D" authority="(Fabricius, 1804) (Disney 1994)" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Leipomeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsata">
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<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFD38FF10FC11FF1D" box="[705,909,157,181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Leipomeles dorsata</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1804) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFB9CFF10FF4CFF7D" author="Disney, R. H. L." pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refId="ref3311" refString="Disney, R. H. L. (1994) Scuttle Flies: The Phoridae. London: Chapman & Hall. 467 pp." type="book" year="1994">Disney 1994</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFF1CFF30FDA2FF7D" authority="Saussure, 1854" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[229,574,189,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jurinei">
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||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFF1CFF30FE1BFF7C" box="[229,391,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Polybia jurinei</emphasis>
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||
Saussure, 1854
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFD85FF30FE38FF5D" authority="(R. von Ihering, 1903) (Somavilla et al. 2015)" authorityName="Somavilla et al." authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="R. von Ihering" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassununga">
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<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFD85FF30FC33FF7C" box="[636,943,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Mischocyttarus cassununga</emphasis>
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||
(R. von Ihering, 1903) (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFF59FF50FE00FF5D" author="Somavilla, A. & Schoeninger, K. & Carvalho, A. F. & Menezes, R. S. & Del Lama, M. A. & Costa, M. A. & Oliveira, M. L." box="[160,412,221,245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="92 - 98" refId="ref4606" refString="Somavilla, A., Schoeninger, K., Carvalho, A. F., Menezes, R. S., Del Lama, M. A., Costa, M. A. and Oliveira, M. L. (2015) Record of Parasitoids in nests of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Sociobiology, 62 (1): 92 - 98." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Somavilla
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFED9FF50FECDFF5D" box="[288,337,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2015
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, in addition to records on insects from other orders (see a small review at
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFEE8FF70FDBAFEBD" author="El-Hawagry, M. S. A. & Ebrahim, A. M. E. & Nada, M. S. E." box="[273,550,253,277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refId="ref3422" refString="El-Hawagry, M. S. A., Ebrahim, A. M. E. and Nada, M. S. E. (2021) First detection of Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) as a facultative endoparasitoid of Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 31: 26." type="journal volume" year="2021">
|
||
El-Hawagry
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFE55FF70FE7FFEBD" box="[428,483,253,277]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Due to the great behavioral and feeding plasticity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFF6EFE90FE93FE9D" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[151,271,285,309]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFF6EFE90FE93FE9D" box="[151,271,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">M. scalaris</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and the great diversity of resources available in the colony, it was not possible to determine what role it played in social wasp colonies, however, very likely
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFBB8FEB0FB26FEFD" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1089,1210,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFBB8FEB0FB26FEFD" box="[1089,1210,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">M. scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
acted as a parasitoid of larvae and pupae and as detritivore. A second species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFBB5FED0FB25FEDD" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[1100,1209,349,373]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFBB5FED0FB25FEDD" box="[1100,1209,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Megaselia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was registered in a colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFE11FEF0FCCDFE3D" authority="(Fabricius, 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[488,849,381,405]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFE11FEF0FD19FE3D" box="[488,645,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Apoica pallens</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1804)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFBDBFEF0FB25FE3D" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1887" box="[1058,1209,381,405]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metopininae">Metopininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded in a colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFE13FE10FC44FE1D" authority="de Saussure, 1857" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1857" box="[490,984,413,437]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drewseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFE13FE10FD61FE1D" box="[490,765,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Mischocyttarus drewseni</emphasis>
|
||
de Saussure, 1857
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, as it is a male in poor condition, it was not possible to carry out a generic identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5054F4FFF44FE50FE85FC7D" blockId="2.[150,1212,125,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFF0DFE50FE00FE5D" box="[244,412,477,501]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stratiomyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family were represented by two species, each in a wasp species. Both records are the first occurrences for the social wasp species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFC08FE70FEC6FD9D" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFC08FE70FB25FDBD" box="[1009,1209,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Hermetia illucens</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in colonies of social bees, with or without stingers, has been documented in North America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFE79FDB0FD10FDFD" author="Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. O." box="[384,652,573,597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refId="ref4334" refString="Riley, C. V. and Howard, L. O. (1889) Hermetia mucens infesting bee-hive. Insect Life, 1: 353 -" type="journal volume" year="1889">Riley & Howard 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFD60FDB0FCC5FDFD" author="Auth, C. A. & Hauser, M. & Hopkins, B. K." box="[665,857,573,597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="576 - 579" refId="ref2989" refString="Auth, C. A., Hauser, M. and Hopkins, B. K. (2021) A scientific note on a black soldier fly (Stratiomyidae: Hermetia illucens) infestation within a western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony. Apidologie, 52 (3): 576 - 579." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Auth
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFD19FDB0FC8CFDFD" box="[736,784,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, both in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316767FB5054F4FFC0EFDB0FE9CFDDD" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">United States of America</collectingCountry>
|
||
), South America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFE2AFDD0FDECFDDD" author="Copello, A." box="[467,624,605,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="23 - 26" refId="ref3229" refString="Copello, A. (1926) Biology of H. illucens, the fly of Argentine Beehives. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 1 (2): 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1926">Copello 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316767FB5054F4FFD83FDD0FD6FFDDD" box="[634,755,605,629]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and, more recently, in Southeast Asia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFF66FDF0FEFAFD3D" author="Ivorra, T. & Hauser, M. & Low, V. L. & Tomberlin, J. K. & Nur Aliah, N. A. & Cammack, J. A. & Heo, C. C." box="[159,358,637,661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refId="ref3782" refString="Ivorra, T., Hauser, M., Low, V. L., Tomberlin, J. K., Nur Aliah, N. A., Cammack, J. A. and Heo, C. C. (2020) Hermetia illucens and Hermetia fenestrata (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Colonization of " Spoiled " Stingless Bee Geniotrigona thoracica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Hives in Malaysia. Insects, 11 (11): 737." type="journal volume" year="2020">
|
||
Ivorra
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFF08FDF0FE83FD3D" box="[241,287,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316767FB5054F4FFE8BFDF0FE7EFD3D" box="[370,482,637,661]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Some other records point to the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFBFDFDF0FBF6FD3C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[1028,1130,637,660]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFBFDFDF0FBF6FD3C" box="[1028,1130,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Hermetia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae in bee nests, however, there is no indication of which species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFC84FD10FBA7FD1D" author="Borgmeier, T." box="[893,1083,669,693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="225 - 235" refId="ref3128" refString="Borgmeier, T. (1930) Uber das vorkommen der larven von Hermetia illucens L. (Dipt., Stratiomyidae) in den nestern von Meliponiden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 90: 225 - 235." type="journal article" year="1930">Borgmeier 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFBBEFD10FB2AFD1D" author="Rau, P." box="[1095,1206,669,693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refId="ref4274" refString="Rau, P. (1933) The Jungle Bees and Wasps of Barro Colorado Island. St. Louis: Von Hoffman Press. 324 pp." type="book" year="1933">Rau 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFF61FD30FE12FD7D" author="Nogueira-Neto, P." box="[152,398,701,725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refId="ref4136" refString="Nogueira-Neto, P. (1997) Vida e criacao de abelhas indIgenas sem ferrao. Nogueirapis; Sao Paulo. 445 pp." type="book" year="1997">Nogueira-Neto 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFE64FD30FD39FD7D" author="Devanesan, S. & Nisha, M. M. & Shailaja, K. K. & Bennet, R." box="[413,677,701,725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refId="ref3264" refString="Devanesan, S., Nisha, M. M., Shailaja, K. K. and Bennet, R. (2003) Natural enemies of stingless bee Trigona iridipennis Smith in Kerala. Insect Environment, 9 (1): 30." type="journal volume" year="2003">
|
||
Devanesan
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFDD0FD30FDC6FD7D" box="[553,602,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFD43FD30FCE2FD7D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[698,894,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFD43FD30FCE2FD7D" box="[698,894,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Hermetia illucens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae develop in a wide variety of organic matter, mostly at some stage of decomposition, from manure and meat to fruits, vegetables, wood, as well as fungi and bacteria (Tomberlin
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFC4AFD70FC43FCBD" box="[947,991,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFBD6FD70FB29FCBD" author="Gobbi, P." box="[1071,1205,765,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refId="ref3593" refString="Gobbi, P. (2012) Biologia reproductiva y caracterizacion morfologica de los estadios larvarios de Hermetia illucens (L., 1758) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) bases para su produccion masiva en Europa. PhD thesis, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain. Available at: http: // hdl. handle. net / 10045 / 28345" type="url" year="2012">Gobbi 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFF6FFC90FEC3FC9D" author="Soares, M. M. M. & Barros, L. M. & Ale-Rocha, R." box="[150,351,797,821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="483 - 487" refId="ref4446" refString="Soares, M. M. M., Barros, L. M. and Ale-Rocha, R. (2020) High in the sky: the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) inhabiting the forest canopy in the central Amazon, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Ciencias Naturais, 15 (2): 483 - 487." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Soares
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFF13FC90FE8BFC9D" box="[234,279,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so that the records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFD97FC90FD48FC9C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[622,724,797,820]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFD97FC90FD48FC9C" box="[622,724,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Hermetia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in bee colonies are attributed to the poor maintenance conditions of the colonies themselves, many of which have already been damaged by some other cause. Although the species is present in social insect colonies, none of the species has been reported as an obligate host so far and the immatures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFB66FCF0FF77FC1D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFB66FCF0FF77FC1D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">H. illucens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely take advantage of the damaged and abandoned state of the colony (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFB96FC10FE91FC7D" author="Ivorra, T. & Hauser, M. & Low, V. L. & Tomberlin, J. K. & Nur Aliah, N. A. & Cammack, J. A. & Heo, C. C." pageId="2" pageNumber="489" refId="ref3782" refString="Ivorra, T., Hauser, M., Low, V. L., Tomberlin, J. K., Nur Aliah, N. A., Cammack, J. A. and Heo, C. C. (2020) Hermetia illucens and Hermetia fenestrata (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Colonization of " Spoiled " Stingless Bee Geniotrigona thoracica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Hives in Malaysia. Insects, 11 (11): 737." type="journal volume" year="2020">
|
||
Ivorra
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFF61FC30FF59FC7D" box="[152,197,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5054F4FFF44FC50FBCBFB1C" blockId="2.[150,1212,125,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
The present record corroborates this hypothesis since it occurred in a nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFBAFFC50FB26FC5C" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1110,1210,989,1012]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Agelaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFBAFFC50FB26FC5C" box="[1110,1210,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">A. vicina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the phase of abandonment, which was nested inside a termite mound. In this phase, only newly emerged adults remain in the colony, which causes a lack of maintenance and a consequent deterioration of the nest with the subsequent decomposition of the combs and the immature ones dying. Thus, it is believed that the immatures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFBBAFBD0FB25FBDD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1091,1209,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFBBAFBD0FB25FBDD" box="[1091,1209,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">H. illucens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were, likewise, attracted to the colony by the decomposing material, rather than being a parasitoid of immature wasps. This is the first record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFCCBFB10FC34FB1D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[818,936,1181,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFCCBFB10FC34FB1D" box="[818,936,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">H. illucens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in wasp nests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5054F4FFF44FB30FC64FA1D" blockId="2.[150,1212,125,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
In addition to the records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFDE4FB30FD1FFB7C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[541,643,1213,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFDE4FB30FD1FFB7C" box="[541,643,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Hermetia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFD6CFB30FC91FB7D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[661,781,1213,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFD6CFB30FC91FB7D" box="[661,781,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">H. illucens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFCB4FB30FB31FB7D" authority="de Meijere, 1904" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1904" box="[845,1197,1213,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFCB4FB30FC40FB7D" box="[845,988,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">H. fenestrata</emphasis>
|
||
de Meijere, 1904
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFF2BFB50FD84FB5D" authority="James, 1973" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1973" box="[210,536,1245,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Sargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavilatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFF2BFB50FE16FB5D" box="[210,394,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Sargus flavilatus</emphasis>
|
||
James, 1973
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported infesting social
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFC54FB50FBCFFB5D" box="[941,1107,1245,1269]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFB98FB50FF52FABD" author="Genaro, J. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="239 - 239" refId="ref3545" refString="Genaro, J. A. (1996) Nest parasites (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera) of some wasps and bees (Vespidae, Sphecidae, Colletidae, Megachilidae, Anthophoridae) in Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Science, 32: 239 - 239." type="journal article" year="1996">Genaro 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFF0CFB70FDC0FABD" authority="Macquart, 1834" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1834" box="[245,604,1277,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Sargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFF0CFB70FE01FABD" box="[245,413,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Sargus lateralis</emphasis>
|
||
Macquart, 1834
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFCF2FB70FF4BFA9D" authority="(de Saussure, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cubensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFCF2FB70FB8AFABD" box="[779,1046,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Mischocyttarus cubensis</emphasis>
|
||
(de Saussure, 1854)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316767FB5054F4FFE88FA90FE28FA9D" box="[369,436,1309,1333]" name="Cuba" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Here we also report the registration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFC74FA90FF51FAFD" authority="Fabricius, 1805" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Sargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFC74FA90FBA3FA9D" box="[909,1087,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Sargus fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1805
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A6AB5054F4FFF25FAB0FEC1FAFD" box="[220,349,1341,1365]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[151,222,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[157,1203,121,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[157,1203,121,1597]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of two-winged flies (Brachycera) recorded in social wasp colonies (Polistinae). A-B. Megaselia scalaris. C-D. Sargus fasciatus. E-F. Acrosticta apicalis. G-H. Pseudogaurax aff.longilineatus. / Ejemplares de moscas de dos alas (Brachycera) registrados en colonias de avispas sociales (Polistinae). A-B. Megaselia scalaris. C-D. Sargus fasciatus. E-F. Acrosticta apicalis. G-H. Pseudogaurax aff. longilineatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206505/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Figs. 1C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) in a newly abandoned nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFD37FAB0FBB2FAFD" authority="Zikan, 1950" authorityName="Zikan" authorityYear="1950" box="[718,1070,1341,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFD37FAB0FC07FAFD" box="[718,923,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Polistes simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
Zikán, 1950
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Immatures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFF40FAD0FE59FADD" authority="Fabricius, 1798" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[185,453,1373,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Sargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFF40FAD0FE99FADC" box="[185,261,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Sargus</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1798
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also associated with decaying organic matter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFBC0FAD0FF52FA3D" author="Mcfadden, M. W." pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref4051" refString="Mcfadden, M. W. (1967) Soldier fly larvae in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 121 (3569): 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1967">McFadden 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, quite possibly, in the same way as commenting above to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFC1BFAF0FBC0FA3D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[994,1116,1405,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFC1BFAF0FBC0FA3D" box="[994,1116,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">H. illucens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFB97FAF0FB26FA3C" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[1134,1210,1405,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Sargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFB97FAF0FB26FA3C" box="[1134,1210,1405,1428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Sargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae can thus taking advantage of the colony’s deteriorating condition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5054F4FFF44FA30FF61F97C" blockId="2.[150,1212,125,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">
|
||
Only one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFE41FA30FDB4FA7D" box="[440,552,1469,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ulidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFCD8FA30FB26FA7D" authority="(Williston, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[801,1210,1469,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Acrosticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFCD8FA30FC77FA7D" box="[801,1003,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Acrosticta apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Williston, 1896)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A6AB5054F4FFF59FA50FEBDFA5D" box="[160,289,1501,1525]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[151,222,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[157,1203,121,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[157,1203,121,1597]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of two-winged flies (Brachycera) recorded in social wasp colonies (Polistinae). A-B. Megaselia scalaris. C-D. Sargus fasciatus. E-F. Acrosticta apicalis. G-H. Pseudogaurax aff.longilineatus. / Ejemplares de moscas de dos alas (Brachycera) registrados en colonias de avispas sociales (Polistinae). A-B. Megaselia scalaris. C-D. Sargus fasciatus. E-F. Acrosticta apicalis. G-H. Pseudogaurax aff. longilineatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206505/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), registered for the first time for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F316767FB5054F4FFD4DFA50FD61FA5D" box="[692,765,1501,1525]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was found only in an abandoned nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFF03FA70FCC9F9BD" authority="(R. von Ihering, 1903)" authorityName="Somavilla et al." authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="R. von Ihering" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[250,853,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassununga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFF03FA70FDAEF9BC" box="[250,562,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Mischocyttarus cassununga</emphasis>
|
||
(R. von Ihering, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an independent foundation wasp. Nothing is known about the biology of this species, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFC51F990FB84F99D" box="[936,1048,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lipsanini">Lipsanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with known biology are mostly associated with monocots (cereals and palms), living in tissues damaged by other insects and young inflorescences, with some genera such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFB9AF9D0FE87F93D" authority="Loew, 1868" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFB9AF9D0FB26F9DC" box="[1123,1210,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">Euxesta</emphasis>
|
||
Loew, 1868
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being important pests of cereals such as maize (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5054F4FFCAFF9F0FB32F93D" author="Kameneva, E. P. & Korneyev, V. A." box="[854,1198,1661,1685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" pagination="883 - 904" refId="ref3867" refString="Kameneva, E. P. and Korneyev, V. A. (2010) Ulidiidae (picture-winged flies) (pp. 883 - 904). In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Wood, D. M., Zumbado, M. (Eds) Manual of Central American Diptera, NRC Press, Ottawa." type="book chapter" year="2010">Kameneva & Korneyev 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5054F4FFE8BF910FE7AF91D" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[370,486,1693,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Acrosticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5054F4FFE8BF910FE7AF91D" box="[370,486,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="489">A. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was feeding on decomposing organic matter present inside the nest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E6667B5044F4EFFAAFE17FE49FD8D" ID-Table-UUID="DF7E6667B5044F4EFFAAFE17FE49FD8D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7E6667B5044F4EFFAAFE17FE49FD8D" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" startId="3.[83,143,410,431]" targetBox="[93,1693,578,1458]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5044F4EFFAAFE17FE49FD8D" blockId="3.[83,1709,409,549]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFFAAFE17FF34FE06" bold="true" box="[83,168,409,431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
List of two-winged flies’ species (Brachycera) associated with social wasps (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFC28FE14FBA7FE07" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1836" box="[977,1083,409,431]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Polistinae">Polistinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in urban and secondary forest fragments in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Caption: ■ – New host species; ▲ – New host genus; ● – First record for the state of Minas Gerais;
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFB67FE38FB2EFE64" bold="true" box="[1182,1202,437,460]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">★</emphasis>
|
||
– First record for Brazil; M – Male; F – Female. / Lista de especies de moscas de dos alas (Brachycera) asociadas con avispas sociales (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFC30FE59FBAFFE42" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1836" box="[969,1075,468,490]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Polistinae">Polistinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) en fragmentos de bosques secundarios y urbanos en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Leyenda: ■ – Nueva especie huésped; ▲ – Nuevo género huésped; ● – Primer registro para el estado de Minas Gerais;
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFA26FE7DFA6FFDAF" bold="true" box="[1503,1523,496,519]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">★</emphasis>
|
||
– Primer registro para Brasil; M - Macho; F – Hembra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5044F4EFFA4FDDDF9F6FA0B" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<table id="F901C44FB504B0B2FFA4FDCFF901FA1A" box="[93,1693,578,1458]" gridcols="7" gridrows="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FDCFF901FDDD" box="[93,1693,578,629]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FFA4FDCFFF62FDDD" box="[93,254,578,629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFFA4FDDDFF00FDCE" bold="true" box="[93,156,592,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Famil</emphasis>
|
||
y
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FEE8FDCFFDFCFDDD" box="[273,608,578,629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFEE8FDDDFEF8FDCE" bold="true" box="[273,356,592,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FDCFFB9CFDDD" box="[633,1024,578,629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FDDCFC99FDCE" bold="true" box="[633,773,592,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Host Species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFDCFFB08FDDD" box="[1046,1172,578,629]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFBEFFDDDFBF2FDCE" bold="true" box="[1046,1134,592,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Activity</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FDCFFA80FDDD" box="[1193,1308,578,629]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFB50FDCFFA80FDDD" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Nº of specimens</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FDCFFA4CFDDD" box="[1344,1488,578,629]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFAB9FDDDFA4CFDCE" bold="true" box="[1344,1488,592,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Environment</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFDCFF901FDDD" box="[1510,1693,578,629]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFA1FFDDDF904FDCE" bold="true" box="[1510,1688,592,614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Region of Brazil</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FD07F901FD15" box="[93,1693,650,701]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FD07FB9CFD15" box="[633,1024,650,701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FD14FC7EFD07" authority="Zikan, 1935" authorityName="Zikan" authorityYear="1935" box="[633,994,665,687]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iheringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FD14FCFEFD06" box="[633,866,665,686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Mischocyttarus iheringi</emphasis>
|
||
Zikán, 1935
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
■
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFD07FB08FD15" box="[1046,1172,650,701]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Active</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FD07FA80FD15" box="[1193,1308,650,701]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FD07FA4CFD15" box="[1344,1488,650,701]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">University Campus</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFD07F901FD15" box="[1510,1693,650,701]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Juiz de Fora/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FD42F901FCAA" box="[93,1693,719,770]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FD42FB9CFCAA" box="[633,1024,719,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FD42FD2DFCAA" authority="(de Saussure, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="socialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FD42FCC0FD4C" box="[633,860,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Mischocyttarus socialis</emphasis>
|
||
(de Saussure, 1854)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
■
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFD42FB08FCAA" box="[1046,1172,719,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Active</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FD42FA80FCAA" box="[1193,1308,719,770]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FD42FA4CFCAA" box="[1344,1488,719,770]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Urban fragment</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFD42F901FCAA" box="[1510,1693,719,770]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Juiz de Fora/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FC99F901FCEE" box="[93,1693,788,838]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FEE8FC99FDFCFCEE" box="[273,608,788,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFEE8FCAFFDD0FC90" authority="(Loew, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[273,588,802,824]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFEE8FCAFFE5CFC9F" box="[273,448,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Megaselia scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Loew, 1866)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
●
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FC99FB9CFCEE" box="[633,1024,788,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FCAFFC2CFC9F" authority="Zikan, 1948" authorityName="Zikan" authorityYear="1948" box="[633,944,802,824]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FCAFFCACFC9F" box="[633,816,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Polistes simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
Zikán, 1948
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
▲
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFC99FB08FCEE" box="[1046,1172,788,838]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Active</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FC99FA80FCEE" box="[1193,1308,788,838]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">2 F/3 M 1 M</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FC99FA4CFCEE" box="[1344,1488,788,838]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Rural area</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFC99F901FCEE" box="[1510,1693,788,838]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Juiz de Fora/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FCD5F901FC24" box="[93,1693,856,908]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FFA4FCD5FF62FC24" box="[93,254,856,908]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFFA4FCD5FF20FCC6" box="[93,188,856,878]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FCD5FB9CFC24" box="[633,1024,856,908]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FCD5FD35FC24" authority="de Saussure, 1854" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fastidiosuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FCD5FCCAFCC5" box="[633,854,856,877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Polybia fastidiosuscula</emphasis>
|
||
de Saussure, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
■
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFCD5FB08FC24" box="[1046,1172,856,908]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Abandoned</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FCD5FA80FC24" box="[1193,1308,856,908]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">4 F/2 M</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FCD5FA4CFC24" box="[1344,1488,856,908]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Urban fragment</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFCD5F901FC24" box="[1510,1693,856,908]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Juiz de Fora/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FC10F901FC78" box="[93,1693,925,976]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FC10FB9CFC78" box="[633,1024,925,976]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FC21FC43FC69" authority="Richards, 1978" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1978" box="[633,991,940,962]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platycephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FC21FCA3FC69" box="[633,831,940,961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Polybia platycephala</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5044F4EFCBCFC21FC43FC69" author="Richards, O. W." box="[837,991,940,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" refId="ref4302" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas (excluding the Vespinae). London: British Museum of Natural History, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
■
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFC10FB08FC78" box="[1046,1172,925,976]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Active</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FC10FA80FC78" box="[1193,1308,925,976]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">17</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FC10FA4CFC78" box="[1344,1488,925,976]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Urban fragment</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFC10F901FC78" box="[1510,1693,925,976]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Juiz de Fora/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FC6FF901FBBD" box="[93,1693,994,1045]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FEE8FC6FFDFCFBBD" box="[273,608,994,1045]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFEE8FC7DFE0BFBAE" box="[273,407,1008,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFEE8FC7DFEEEFBAD" box="[273,370,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Megaselia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FC6FFB9CFBBD" box="[633,1024,994,1045]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FC7CFC25FBAE" authority="(Fabricius, 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[633,953,1008,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Apoica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FC7CFC9AFBAD" box="[633,774,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Apoica pallens</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1804)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
■ ▲
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFC6FFB08FBBD" box="[1046,1172,994,1045]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Active</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FC6FFA80FBBD" box="[1193,1308,994,1045]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">16</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FC6FFA4CFBBD" box="[1344,1488,994,1045]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Secondary forest</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFC6FF901FBBD" box="[1510,1693,994,1045]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Cataguases/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FBAAF901FBF2" box="[93,1693,1063,1114]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FEE8FBAAFDFCFBF2" box="[273,608,1063,1114]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFEE8FBB8FE04FBE3" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1887" box="[273,408,1077,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Metopininae">Metopininae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FBAAFB9CFBF2" box="[633,1024,1063,1114]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FBAAFD35FBF2" authority="de Saussure, 1857" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drewseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FBAAFCF0FB94" box="[633,876,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Mischocyttarus drewseni</emphasis>
|
||
de Saussure, 1857
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
■ ▲
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFBAAFB08FBF2" box="[1046,1172,1063,1114]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Active</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FBAAFA80FBF2" box="[1193,1308,1063,1114]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">1 M</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FBAAFA4CFBF2" box="[1344,1488,1063,1114]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Urban fragment</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFBAAF901FBF2" box="[1510,1693,1063,1114]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Juiz de Fora/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FBE6F901FB4B" box="[93,1693,1131,1251]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FFA4FBE6FF62FB4B" box="[93,254,1131,1251]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFFA4FB11FF6EFB1A" box="[93,242,1180,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stratiomyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FEE8FBE6FDFCFB4B" box="[273,608,1131,1251]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFEE8FBE1FED5FB36" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Hermetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illucens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFEE8FBE1FE21FB28" box="[273,445,1131,1153]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Hermetia illucens</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFEE8FB32FDCEFB7D" authority="Fabricius, 1805" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[273,594,1215,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Sargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFEE8FB32FE32FB7C" box="[273,430,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Sargus fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius, 1805
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FBE6FB9CFB4B" box="[633,1024,1131,1251]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FBF7FC48FB38" authority="(de Saussure, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[633,980,1146,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Agelaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FBF7FC9FFB38" box="[633,771,1146,1168]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Agelaia vicina</emphasis>
|
||
(de Saussure, 1854)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
■
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FB32FC2CFB7D" authority="Zikan, 1950" authorityName="Zikan" authorityYear="1950" box="[633,944,1215,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FB32FCACFB7C" box="[633,816,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Polistes simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
Zikán, 1950
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
■
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFBE6FB08FB4B" box="[1046,1172,1131,1251]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Abandoned Abandoned</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FBE6FA80FB4B" box="[1193,1308,1131,1251]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">32 1 F</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FBE6FA4CFB4B" box="[1344,1488,1131,1251]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Rural area University Campus</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFBE6F901FB4B" box="[1510,1693,1131,1251]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Goianá/MG Viçosa/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FB78F901FA80" box="[93,1693,1269,1320]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FFA4FB78FF62FA80" box="[93,254,1269,1320]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFFA4FA8EFF5CFAB1" box="[93,192,1283,1305]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ulidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FEE8FB78FDFCFA80" box="[273,608,1269,1320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFEE8FB78FED5FA80" authority="(Williston, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Acrosticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFEE8FB78FE5EFAA2" box="[273,450,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Acrosticta apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Williston, 1896)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFEB6FA9CFEFFFA80" bold="true" box="[335,355,1297,1320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">★</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FB78FB9CFA80" box="[633,1024,1269,1320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FB78FC96FA8F" authority="(R. von Ihering, 1903)" authorityName="Somavilla et al." authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="R. von Ihering" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassununga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FB78FC15FAA2" box="[633,905,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Mischocyttarus cassununga</emphasis>
|
||
(R. von Ihering, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFB78FB08FA80" box="[1046,1172,1269,1320]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Abandoned</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FB78FA80FA80" box="[1193,1308,1269,1320]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">1 F</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FB78FA4CFA80" box="[1344,1488,1269,1320]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Secondary forest</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFB78F901FA80" box="[1510,1693,1269,1320]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Muriaé/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FAB4F901FAC5" box="[93,1693,1337,1389]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FFA4FAB4FF62FAC5" box="[93,254,1337,1389]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFFA4FAC5FF62FAF6" box="[93,254,1352,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FEE8FAB4FDFCFAC5" box="[273,608,1337,1389]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFEE8FAC5FE2EFAF6" box="[273,434,1352,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cecidomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FAB4FB9CFAC5" box="[633,1024,1337,1389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FAB4FD35FAC4" authority="de Saussure, 1854" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fastidiosuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FAB4FCCAFAE6" box="[633,854,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Polybia fastidiosuscula</emphasis>
|
||
de Saussure, 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFAB4FB08FAC5" box="[1046,1172,1337,1389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Abandoned</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FAB4FA80FAC5" box="[1193,1308,1337,1389]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">39</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FAB4FA4CFAC5" box="[1344,1488,1337,1389]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Urban fragment</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFAB4F901FAC5" box="[1510,1693,1337,1389]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Juiz de Fora/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="353134ADB504B0B2FFA4FAF3F901FA1A" box="[93,1693,1406,1458]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<th id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FFA4FAF3FF62FA1A" box="[93,254,1406,1458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFFA4FA00FF7EFA0B" box="[93,226,1421,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FEE8FAF3FDFCFA1A" box="[273,608,1406,1458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFEE8FAF3FE37FA19" authority="Sabrosky, 1949" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pseudogaurax" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFEE8FAF3FDDFFA3B" box="[273,579,1406,1427]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Pseudogaurax aff. longilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
Sabrosky, 1949
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
●
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FD80FAF3FB9CFA1A" box="[633,1024,1406,1458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5044F4EFD80FA00FB9CFA0B" authority="de Saussure, 1853" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[633,1024,1421,1443]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5044F4EFD80FA00FCDCFA0A" box="[633,832,1421,1442]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Polistes melanosoma</emphasis>
|
||
de Saussure, 1853
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FBEFFAF3FB08FA1A" box="[1046,1172,1406,1458]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Abandoned</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FB50FAF3FA80FA1A" box="[1193,1308,1406,1458]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">1 F</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FAB9FAF3FA4CFA1A" box="[1344,1488,1406,1458]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Urban fragment</td>
|
||
<td id="76E05DD1B504B0B2FA1FFAF3F901FA1A" box="[1510,1693,1406,1458]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="490">Muriaé/MG</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E6667B5034F49FF6EF9C5FEDFF97B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13206505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206505/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" startId="4.[151,222,1608,1630]" targetBox="[157,1203,121,1597]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5034F49FF6EF9C5FEDFF97B" blockId="4.[151,1210,1608,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FF6EF9C5FF6BF9F5" bold="true" box="[151,247,1608,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of two-winged flies (Brachycera) recorded in social wasp colonies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FBBAF9C5FB2CF9F6" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1836" box="[1091,1200,1608,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Polistinae">Polistinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FF6EF9EBFF5BF9D3" bold="true" box="[151,199,1638,1659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">A-B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FF35F9EBFEE6F9D3" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[204,378,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FF35F9EBFEE6F9D3" box="[204,378,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Megaselia scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FE7CF9EBFE25F9D4" bold="true" box="[389,441,1638,1660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">C-D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FE44F9EBFDC5F9D3" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[445,601,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Sargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FE44F9EBFDC5F9D3" box="[445,601,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Sargus fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FD9DF9EBFD17F9D3" bold="true" box="[612,651,1638,1659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">E-F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FD69F9EBFCA3F9D3" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[656,831,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Acrosticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FD69F9EBFCA3F9D3" box="[656,831,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Acrosticta apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FCB3F9EBFC1CF9D4" bold="true" box="[842,896,1638,1660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">G-H.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FC7DF9EBFB28F9D3" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1949" box="[900,1204,1638,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pseudogaurax" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FC7DF9EBFB28F9D3" box="[900,1204,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Pseudogaurax aff. longilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. / Ejemplares de moscas de dos alas (Brachycera) registrados en colonias de avispas sociales (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FF67F92DFE97F91E" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1836" box="[158,267,1696,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Polistinae">Polistinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FEE4F92DFED2F91D" bold="true" box="[285,334,1696,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">A-B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FEAFF92DFD94F91D" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[342,520,1696,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FEAFF92DFD94F91D" box="[342,520,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Megaselia scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FDEFF92DFDD6F91E" bold="true" box="[534,586,1696,1718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">C-D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FDABF92CFD6EF91D" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[594,754,1696,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Sargus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FDABF92CFD6EF91D" box="[594,754,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Sargus fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FCF9F92CFCB4F91E" bold="true" box="[768,808,1697,1718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">E-F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FCC9F92CFC7FF91D" baseAuthorityName="Williston" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[816,995,1696,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Acrosticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FCC9F92CFC7FF91D" box="[816,995,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Acrosticta apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FC0BF92DFBB4F91E" bold="true" box="[1010,1064,1696,1718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">G-H.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5034F49FBC9F92DFEA2F97B" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pseudogaurax" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FBC9F92DFB25F91D" box="[1072,1209,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">Pseudogaurax</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5034F49FF46F933FEA2F97B" box="[191,318,1726,1747]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="491">longilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5024F48FF78FFF0FD58FE44" blockId="5.[88,1154,125,585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5024F48FF78FFF0FE89FF3D" box="[129,277,125,149]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also represented by only one species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5024F48FCDEFFF0FE9AFF1C" authority="Sabrosky, 1949" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pseudogaurax" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5024F48FCDEFFF0FBE3FF3D" box="[807,1151,125,149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Pseudogaurax aff. longilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
Sabrosky, 1949
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A2A6AB5024F48FEECFF11FE07FF1C" box="[277,411,156,180]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[151,222,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[157,1203,121,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[157,1203,121,1597]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of two-winged flies (Brachycera) recorded in social wasp colonies (Polistinae). A-B. Megaselia scalaris. C-D. Sargus fasciatus. E-F. Acrosticta apicalis. G-H. Pseudogaurax aff.longilineatus. / Ejemplares de moscas de dos alas (Brachycera) registrados en colonias de avispas sociales (Polistinae). A-B. Megaselia scalaris. C-D. Sargus fasciatus. E-F. Acrosticta apicalis. G-H. Pseudogaurax aff. longilineatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13206505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13206505/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Figs. 1G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), the first time recorded for the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C5F80DB5024F48FC95FF11FB96FF1C" box="[876,1034,156,180]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
, obtained from an abandoned nest of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5024F48FE52FF36FCF7FF7B" authority="de Saussure, 1853" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[427,875,187,211]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5024F48FE52FF36FD17FF7B" box="[427,651,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Polistes melanosoma</emphasis>
|
||
de Saussure, 1853
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5024F48FC8EFF36FF0EFF5A" authority="Malloch, 1915" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pseudogaurax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5024F48FC8EFF36FF0EFF5A" author="Pseudogaurax Malloch" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" pagination="639 - 645" refId="ref3690" refString="A new ectoparasitoid species of Pseudogaurax Malloch, 1915 (Diptera: Chloropidae), attacking the fungus-growing ant, Apterostigma dentigerum Wheeler, 1925 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 109 (4): 639 - 645." type="journal article" year="1915">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5024F48FC8EFF36FB8CFF7B" box="[887,1040,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Pseudogaurax</emphasis>
|
||
Malloch, 1915
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a poorly studied genus, which still needs a recent revision, and what is known about the feeding behavior is that it contains species with larvae that prey on eggs and larvae, attacking mainly spider ovisacs, Mantodea oothecae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5024F48FCF0FE94FC03FE99" box="[777,927,281,305]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Megaloptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
egg mass, and ant larvae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5024F48FF4DFEB5FEFDFEF8" author="Sabrosky, C. W." box="[180,353,312,336]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" pagination="650 - 665" refId="ref4362" refString="354. Sabrosky, C. W. (1989) Chloropidae (pp. 650 - 665). In: Evenhuis, N. L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions." type="book chapter" year="1989">Sabrosky 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5024F48FE95FEB5FDCAFEF8" author="Gonzalez, C. T. & Wcislo, W. T. & Cambra, R. & Wheeler, T. A. & Fernandez-Marin, H." box="[364,598,312,336]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" refId="ref3657" refString="Gonzalez, C. T., Wcislo, W. T., Cambra, R., Wheeler, T. A. and Fernandez-Marin, H. (2016)" type="book" year="2016">
|
||
González
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5024F48FE1BFEB4FD93FEF8" box="[482,527,312,336]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF904B1EB5024F48FD9BFEB5FCFAFEF8" author="Melo, A. S. & Wheeler, T. A." box="[610,870,312,336]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" refId="ref4086" refString="Melo, A. S. and Wheeler, T. A. (2009) A new species of Pseudogaurax Malloch (Diptera: Chloropidae) reared from dobsonfly eggmasses (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in Brazil." type="book" year="2009">Melo & Wheeler 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A recently abandoned social wasp nest still has eggs, larvae and pupae, however, the adults no longer protect and care for the nest. In particular, independent foundation wasps, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5024F48FC6AFEFBFC7AFE26" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[915,998,374,398]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5024F48FC6AFEFBFC7AFE26" box="[915,998,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Polistes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, do not have a protective envelope, that is, the comb and cells are exposed. Thus, egg predators like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C014D6CB5024F48FB92FE1BFE8EFE65" authorityName="Sabrosky" authorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pseudogaurax" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975EAFDB5024F48FB92FE1BFE8EFE65" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">P. aff. longilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has free and easy access to eggs abandoned in the colony, which could potentially explain the presence of this species of fly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE36EFB5024F48FF78FE7EFBE5FDE1" blockId="5.[88,1154,125,585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="492">Understanding the ecological relationships between groups of insects provides subsidies for studies of ecology, biology, and behavior of the organisms involved in order to develop conservation strategies not only for the organisms but also for the areas where they occur.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |