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<document id="A8AE66530D4304AEAD503791460F01D1" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00676.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440227" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630449224875" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Schmitz, Patrick &amp; Rubinoff, Daniel" docDate="2011" docId="039F87D7FF828408FC98FD1823F00494" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2010.00676.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00676.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hyposmocoma aumakuawai Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFA6FFAFFF91841DFFA3FFE2220C046E" masterDocTitle="The Hawaiian amphibious caterpillar guild: new species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) confirm distinct aquatic invasions and complex speciation patterns" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1699274737362" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="D0AC6AE5F30F5CD198FFD7829E9904A4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FFE1BD379D03A7E3FD2654967D89848B">
<mods:title id="7794C0A4E6E5C74A5E57DF2448318053">The Hawaiian amphibious caterpillar guild: new species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) confirm distinct aquatic invasions and complex speciation patterns</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="444A273B816770F6F189811C6562E51A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AE8875CDB1C0A132E041C9950BDDCFBD">
<mods:roleTerm id="1D531EEF7D5924128A5F90A552D9EA53">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C6B7C904AC95F93463E44F4B4ED0E90F">Schmitz, Patrick</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="10E1FC9CA01B3FBAB768845758FA88FB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="947F09D84C1A6BA1480904963C3B7A64">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="750058A1F4AE7422DB7EC87D68E8E334">Rubinoff, Daniel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CF485FF5D3755B86288A54C688E39C8C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1E38A741C0FA8A975C0F5A681379C547">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5EBB10B3A1E12A53EF2D742909E1D684">
<mods:date id="5FE55404C477BB2D18A6DCC424B2C665">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="654FB22E5452D893743DD41D0A7FA80B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="E7CE83156931E02C727AAFA8C5AB460D">2011-04-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4BA328CECFB504B3AF1956B306277502" type="volume">
<mods:number id="38910A9A267D75B89925CE2604775CAA">162</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="95D73E6B366F8F9C4CC6CE3747ED37CC" type="issue">
<mods:number id="AA55C90FB5484A7CA13671C11E424210">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="72D3DBF3C0D5830288C518D87194E764">15</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9C125272A40D27F8AD9081301095FBEB">42</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="0407124088C56F09D8F7321BB20B0E2C">
<mods:url id="68DE0A3330DF51688DCB0EB93F9CB6CB">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00676.x</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="B27C37C04D5B95C9E560DA1FC69A919C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="13F8218013B4D3601A1C9BB16BD36A6C" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00676.x</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D44816309F0E9E2AEA4A57FAFB53D716" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="96B02B7CFE8A785371AE34F278926F72" type="Zenodo-Dep">5440227</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039F87D7FF828408FC98FD1823F00494" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87D7FF828408FC98FD1823F00494" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87D7FF828408FC98FD1823F00494" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="C32C654AFF82840EFC98FD182735075E" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF82840EFC98FD182735075E" blockId="19.[827,1440,762,816]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0C181ADFF82840EFC98FD182735075E" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF82840EFC98FD18269A0761" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[827,1174,762,783]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aumakuawai">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFC98FD18269A0761" bold="true" box="[827,1174,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">HYPOSMOCOMA AUMAKUAWAI</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SCHMITZ &amp; RUBINOFF
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFC01FCFF260B0741" bold="true" box="[930,1031,794,815]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF82840EFC01FCFF260B0741" box="[930,1031,794,815]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF82840EFBB9FCF8268A0741" box="[1050,1158,794,815]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="16.[144,223,1084,1103]" captionTargetBox="[146,759,195,1052]" captionTargetId="figure-573@16.[144,761,194,1054]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 13. Holotypes of aquatic medium burrito-case Hyposmocoma spp., adult males. A, Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov.; B, Hyposmocoma waihohonu sp. nov.; C, Hyposmocoma moopalikea sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440257/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">FIGS 13A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF82840EFB36FCF826CA0741" box="[1173,1222,794,815]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="17.[164,243,842,861]" captionTargetBox="[419,1187,196,812]" captionTargetId="figure-289@17.[419,1187,196,812]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 14. Case types of aquatic Hyposmocoma spp., larvae. A, Hyposmocoma eepawai sp. nov., lateral aspect; B, Hyposmocoma ipowainui sp. nov., dorsal aspect; C, Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov., dorsal aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440259/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">14C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF82840EFB76FCF826FF0741" box="[1237,1267,794,815]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="19.[826,905,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox="[830,1441,1135,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-599@19.[826,1443,1131,1736]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 17. Male genitalia of Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov. from specimen on slide PS205. A, tegumen, ventral aspect; B, sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII, ventral aspect; C, valvae with phallus, ventral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440265/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF82840EFAA1FCF8273D075E" box="[1282,1329,794,816]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[164,243,1678,1697]" captionTargetBox="[325,1281,211,1646]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Female genitalia of Hyposmocoma spp., ventral aspect. A, Hyposmocoma eepawai sp. nov. (slide PS179); B, Hyposmocoma ipowainui sp. nov. (slide PS147); C, Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov. (slide PS203); D, Hyposmocoma waihohonu sp. nov. (slide PS169); E, Hyposmocoma moopalikea sp. nov. (slide PS171)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440271/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">20C</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C654AFF828408FC99FCA223F00494" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF82840EFC99FCA227AD0060" blockId="19.[826,1442,832,1038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFC99FCA22612073B" box="[826,1054,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF82840EFB8EFCA321E30781" collectionCode="AWAI" collectorName="Schmitz, D &amp; Rubinoff, M" latitude="22.13158" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-159.62161" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="II-24" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548D8863FF82840EFB8EFCA326B00738" box="[1069,1212,833,854]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF82840EFB68FCA226E80738" box="[1227,1252,832,854]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
: [1] ‘H[
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF82840EFAE0FCA2279C0738" box="[1347,1424,832,854]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">AWAI</collectionCode>
]I: Kauai, Kawaikoi stream |
<geoCoordinate id="EE025006FF82840EFBC8FC8226F5071B" box="[1131,1273,863,885]" degrees="22.13158" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="22.13158">N 22.13158°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE025006FF82840EFAA7FC8227AD071B" box="[1284,1441,863,885]" degrees="159.62161" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="-159.62161">W 159.62161°</geoCoordinate>
| elev[ation]. 3490 f[ee]t, ‘burrito’ case,
<specimenCode id="DB909EBAFF82840EFAA0FC9F273007FD" box="[1283,1340,893,915]" collectionCode="II-" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">II-24</specimenCode>
-[20]09 | em[ergence]. IV-13-[20]09, #DR09B7D | coll[ectors]. P[atrick].
<collectorName id="26C35317FF82840EFC1FFC59264007BE" box="[956,1100,954,977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">Schmitz, D</collectorName>
[aniel].
<collectorName id="26C35317FF82840EFB13FC59274507BE" box="[1200,1353,954,977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">Rubinoff, M</collectorName>
[ichael]. San Jose’; [2]
</materialsCitation>
‘
<typeStatus id="548D8863FF82840EFBA9FC3826960781" box="[1034,1178,986,1007]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF82840EFB74FC3827700781" baseAuthorityName="Rubinoff &amp; Schmitz" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1239,1404,986,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyposmocoma</taxonomicName>
| aumakuawai | Schmitz and Rubinoff’. Specimen in
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF82840EFF07FA8D22F7018F" blockId="19.[164,779,1391,1505]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFF07FA8D232E01EA" box="[164,290,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF82840EFE05FA92203001EB" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[422,572,1392,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipowainui">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFE05FA92203001EB" box="[422,572,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">H. ipowainui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Hawaiian
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFF72FA6C22F801CD" box="[209,244,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">ipo</emphasis>
, lover,
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFEEAFA6C237E01CD" box="[329,370,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">wai</emphasis>
, water, and
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFDA6FA6C202701CD" box="[517,555,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">nui</emphasis>
, large, refers to its aquatic lifestyle and the relatively large size of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF82840EFF07F9C520BD0301" blockId="19.[164,779,1575,1903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFF07F9C522F30252" box="[164,255,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">Biology:</emphasis>
All adults were reared from amphibious casemaking larvae. Larvae were collected during the day in February, April, May, and August on rocks in streams of the island of Kauai. The adults of this species are relatively large and easily observed running, courting, and mating in broad daylight on emergent rocks in the streams where they occur. Larvae of this species have frequently been observed crawling underwater, deep in the middle of streams and using the silk ‘safety-line’ to reattach themselves to the underwater substrate when dislodged.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF496649FF82840EFC99F90721D40300" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440265" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440265/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" startId="19.[826,905,1765,1784]" targetBox="[830,1441,1135,1732]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF82840EFC99F90721D40300" blockId="19.[826,1441,1765,1902]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFC99F90721A30296" bold="true" box="[826,943,1765,1784]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFB3FF904260F0378" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF82840EFB3FF904219E037B" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aumakuawai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF82840EFB3FF904219E037B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="34">Hyposmocoma aumakuawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF82840EFC00F8E1260F0378" box="[931,1027,1795,1814]" pageId="19" pageNumber="34" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from specimen on slide PS205. A, tegumen, ventral aspect; B, sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII, ventral aspect; C, valvae with phallus, ventral aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FF33FF24233C0494" blockId="20.[144,759,198,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
good condition except for broken antennae. Deposited in the
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF858409FF7CFF0723200494" box="[223,300,229,250]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">UHIM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FF0BFEE1231705BE" blockId="20.[144,759,198,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF858409FF0BFEE122C40559" country="United States of America" location="Kauai Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="548D8863FF858409FF0BFEE1234E0576" box="[168,322,259,280]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FEEFFEE623760577" box="[332,378,259,281]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="male">7 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FE24FEE123BD0577" box="[391,433,259,281]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
, from
<location id="8EE9601AFF858409FE58FEE1209D0577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87D7FF828408FC98FD1823F00494:8EE9601AFF858409FE58FEE1209D0577" box="[507,657,259,281]" country="United States of America" name="Kauai Island" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="Hawaii">Kauai Island</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F2F823FF858409FD3EFEE120FE0577" box="[669,754,259,281]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3217651FF858409FF33FEC022C40559" box="[144,200,290,311]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">USA</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF858409FF70FEC020730556" box="[211,639,289,312]" collectionCode="AWAI" collectorName="Schmitz, D &amp; Rubinoff, M" latitude="22.13158" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-159.62161" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FF70FEC0230D0559" box="[211,257,289,311]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FEADFEC023340559" box="[270,312,289,311]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, with same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF858409FD28FEC3231A05BE" collectingDate="2009-03-09" collectingDateMax="2009-04-06" collectingDateMin="2009-03-09" collectionCode="UHIM, USNM" collectorName="Schmitz, D &amp; Rubinoff, M" latitude="22.13158" location="Deposited" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-159.62161" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="18" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="10" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FD28FEC320B50559" box="[651,697,289,311]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FD65FEC020FC0559" box="[710,752,289,311]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
, with same data as holotype except date of emergence:
<date id="FF881001FF858409FF33FEBD22F5051B" box="[144,249,351,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-03-09">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF858409FF33FEBD22F5051B" box="[144,249,351,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-03-09">9.iii.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FEB2FEBD2345051A" box="[273,329,350,372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
),
<date id="FF881001FF858409FEC4FEBD23D3051B" box="[359,479,351,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-03-20">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF858409FEC4FEBD23D3051B" box="[359,479,351,373]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-03-20">20.iii.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FE5AFEBD2022051A" box="[505,558,350,372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FDE6FEBD2074051A" box="[581,632,350,372]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, dissected PS203),
<date id="FF881001FF858409FF5AFE9F237C05FD" box="[249,368,381,403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-03-25">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF858409FF5AFE9F237C05FD" box="[249,368,381,403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-03-25">25.iii.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FE2AFE9C23B005FD" box="[393,444,381,403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
),
<date id="FF881001FF858409FE7FFE9F205F05FD" box="[476,595,381,403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-03-26">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF858409FE7FFE9F205F05FD" box="[476,595,381,403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-03-26">26.iii.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FDCDFE9C20A805FD" box="[622,676,381,403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FD18FE9C20E305FD" box="[699,751,381,403]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
)
<date id="FF881001FF858409FF33FE7E22F805DC" box="[144,244,412,434]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-04-06">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF858409FF33FE7E22F805DC" box="[144,244,412,434]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" value="2009-04-06">6.iv.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF858409FEA4FE7E233805DC" box="[263,308,412,434]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, dissected PS202).
<location id="8EE9601AFF858409FDB7FE7E208905DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87D7FF828408FC98FD1823F00494:8EE9601AFF858409FDB7FE7E208905DC" box="[532,645,412,434]" name="Deposited" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Deposited</location>
in
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF858409FD0EFE7F20FB05DC" box="[685,759,413,434]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">UHIM</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF858409FF67FE59231A05BE" box="[196,278,443,464]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FF33FE1A209C06C8" blockId="20.[144,759,504,679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FF33FE1A230A0663" box="[144,262,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Amongst the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FD84FE1B20C70660" baseAuthorityName="Rubinoff &amp; Schmitz" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[551,715,505,526]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FD84FE1B20C70660" box="[551,715,505,526]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FD78FE1B23290645" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aumakuawai">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FD78FE1B23290645" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">H. aumakuawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FE5BFDF522CB0624" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moopalikea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FE5BFDF522CB0624" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Hyposmocoma moopalikea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF858409FF6DFDD7232F0624" box="[206,291,565,586]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FEFFFDD420FE0625" authority="(Butler, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[348,754,565,587]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parda">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FEFFFDD420470624" box="[348,587,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Hyposmocoma parda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF858409FDF8FDD720E60625" author="Butler AG" box="[603,746,565,587]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" pagination="392 - 408" refId="ref20144" refString="Butler AG. 1881. On a collection of nocturnal Lepidoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (V) 7: 392 - 408." type="journal article" year="1881">Butler, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, both endemic to the island of Maui, in forewing pattern, but it differs in males by the presence of a sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FF33FD2D20550214" blockId="20.[144,759,717,1903]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FF33FD2D2314068A" box="[144,280,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Description:</emphasis>
Male (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FED5FD2D2393068A" box="[374,415,717,740]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">N =</emphasis>
8) (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF858409FE72FD2C2035068D" box="[465,569,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="16.[144,223,1084,1103]" captionTargetBox="[146,759,195,1052]" captionTargetId="figure-573@16.[144,761,194,1054]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 13. Holotypes of aquatic medium burrito-case Hyposmocoma spp., adult males. A, Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov.; B, Hyposmocoma waihohonu sp. nov.; C, Hyposmocoma moopalikea sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440257/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Figs 13A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF858409FDEFFD2C2066068A" box="[588,618,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="19.[826,905,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox="[830,1441,1135,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-599@19.[826,1443,1131,1736]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 17. Male genitalia of Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov. from specimen on slide PS205. A, tegumen, ventral aspect; B, sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII, ventral aspect; C, valvae with phallus, ventral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440265/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">17</figureCitation>
). Wingspan
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF858409FF33FD0F232D076C" box="[144,289,749,770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMin="0.9099999999999999" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="10.149999999999999" valueMax="11.2" valueMin="9.1">9.1–11.2 mm</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="548D8863FF858409FE95FD0F2397076D" box="[310,411,749,771]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF858409FE0FFD0F2008076C" box="[428,516,749,770]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
). Head mostly dark brown becoming orange on vertex and frons with tuft of orange scales around eye. Haustellum with offwhite scales. Maxillary palpus reduced. Recurved labial palpus mostly dark brown dorsally and offwhite ventrally, with off-white to orange ring on second segment apically. Antennal flagellum dark brown; scape dark brown with orange ring apically, antennal pecten present with up to 11 thin setae. Thorax, tegula, and metascutellum dark brown. Foreleg dark brown with orange ring at middle and apex of tibia, and beige rings at apex of tarsomeres I–II. Midleg as foreleg, spurs beige. Hindleg as midleg, but ground colour more silver grey. Forewing with dark brown to dark grey background with scattered off-white blue tinge scales; dark-brown markings more or less conspicuous as pair of spots medially (sometimes fused), disconnected from each other along diagonal, and a small spot postmedially in midline; beige to orange markings as a spot at the joint of the wing, a notch subapically on costal margin and another opposite on inner margin, and as a line of tiny spots along termen. Hindwing uniformly dark grey. Subcostal brush absent. Abdomen dorsally dark grey; ventrally off-white, with tuft of long dark-grey scales on each side of genitalia. Sclerotized hook thin with pointed apex arising from distinct sclerotized ring on the right side of tergum VII, minute sclerotized point on the left side. Genital flaps very large, membranous, rounded, broad and thin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FF0BF961271B051A" blockId="20.[144,759,717,1903]" lastBlockId="20.[806,1422,198,1046]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
Male genitalia (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FED3F961239502F6" box="[368,409,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">N =</emphasis>
1) (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF858409FE6DF961201302F7" box="[462,543,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="19.[826,905,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox="[830,1441,1135,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-599@19.[826,1443,1131,1736]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 17. Male genitalia of Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov. from specimen on slide PS205. A, tegumen, ventral aspect; B, sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII, ventral aspect; C, valvae with phallus, ventral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440265/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Uncus-like processes with right process slightly curved downwards, dorsoventrally flattened, about four ¥ length of left stout process. Tegumen wide, heavily sclerotized, dorsoventrally flattened. Valvae symmetrical, spoonshaped with short arms broader distally, slightly upcurved, adorned with dense setae arranged comblike along dorsal margin, with two thin sclerotized spur-like setae of same length on each valva. Phallus heavily sclerotized, bulbous about middle, slightly angled downwards at apex; vesica without spines or cornuti. Anellus with two symmetrical lobes, thin with bulbous apex, both adorned with small setae, with two or more very long setae on apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FC9CFE9F274E05BF" blockId="20.[806,1422,198,1046]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
Female (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FC05FE9C21C305FD" box="[934,975,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">N =</emphasis>
5). Wingspan
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF858409FBDBFE9F270105FD" box="[1144,1293,381,403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0399999999999998" metricValueMax="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMin="0.96" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="10.399999999999999" valueMax="11.2" valueMin="9.6">9.6–11.2 mm</quantity>
. Frenulum with three acanthae. Antennae slightly thinner than that of male. Otherwise externally like males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FC9CFE3B27470730" blockId="20.[806,1422,198,1046]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
Female genitalia (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FBB2FE3826350581" box="[1041,1081,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">N =</emphasis>
1) (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF858409FBC5FE3B26C60581" box="[1126,1226,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="23.[164,243,1678,1697]" captionTargetBox="[325,1281,211,1646]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 20. Female genitalia of Hyposmocoma spp., ventral aspect. A, Hyposmocoma eepawai sp. nov. (slide PS179); B, Hyposmocoma ipowainui sp. nov. (slide PS147); C, Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov. (slide PS203); D, Hyposmocoma waihohonu sp. nov. (slide PS169); E, Hyposmocoma moopalikea sp. nov. (slide PS171)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440271/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
). Papillae anales slightly longer than large. Apophyses thin and straight, with posterior apophyses long about three ¥ length of anterior apophyses. Ostium-bearing process heavily sclerotized, snail-shell shaped, curved to the left, with broad base. Ductus bursae long and of small girth. Corpus bursae oval and elongate, and with light scobination; two signa, one on each side of corpus at about one quarter of length from apex, as two little patches adorned uniformly with spines. Inception of ductus seminalis very enlarged, cylindrical, situated behind of corpus bursae. Apical margin of sternum VII with no emargination medially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FC9CFC85266A0078" blockId="20.[806,1422,198,1046]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
Larval case (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FC4FFC8A26190713" box="[1004,1045,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">N =</emphasis>
44) (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF858409FBFFFC8526B30713" box="[1116,1215,871,893]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="17.[164,243,842,861]" captionTargetBox="[419,1187,196,812]" captionTargetId="figure-289@17.[419,1187,196,812]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 14. Case types of aquatic Hyposmocoma spp., larvae. A, Hyposmocoma eepawai sp. nov., lateral aspect; B, Hyposmocoma ipowainui sp. nov., dorsal aspect; C, Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov., dorsal aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440259/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
). Burrito-shaped structure,
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF858409FC00FC67262407F5" box="[931,1064,901,923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5–8.5 mm</quantity>
in length, medium sized and rounded without a curved pointed distal end, decorated with grey and brown bits of sand and pebbles, entangled in silk filaments. Case background colour ranges from grey to brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FC85FBAE218400B3" blockId="20.[806,1421,1100,1245]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FC85FBAE21A8000F" box="[806,932,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FBE6FBAF270B000F" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[1093,1287,1100,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aumakuawai">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FBE6FBAF270B000F" box="[1093,1287,1100,1122]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">H. aumakuawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Hawaiian, ‘
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FC0AFB8E261100EE" box="[937,1053,1131,1153]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">au makua</emphasis>
, a deified ancestor or spirit who assumes a shape of an animal, refers to the caterpillar of this species, and
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FB88FB4B265800D0" box="[1067,1108,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">wai</emphasis>
, water, refers to its aquatic lifestyle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FC85FAF126AE01EB" blockId="20.[806,1421,1299,1413]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FC85FAF1218D0146" box="[806,897,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Biology:</emphasis>
Adults were reared from amphibious casemaking larvae. Case-bearing larvae were collected during the day on rocks in the Kawaikoi stream on the island of Kauai in February.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858409FC85FA5E26DD019E" blockId="20.[806,1421,1468,1520]" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FC85FA5E21B401BF" box="[806,952,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from the island of Kauai where it is presumed to be endemic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF858408FC85F9C523F00494" blockId="20.[806,1422,1575,1903]" lastBlockId="21.[164,779,198,250]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FC85F9C5219E0252" box="[806,914,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">Remarks:</emphasis>
Because the larval case of this species looks very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FC53F9A426810235" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[1008,1165,1606,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipowainui">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FC53F9A426810235" box="[1008,1165,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">H. ipowainui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it may be that
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FAD1F9A421B70217" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aumakuawai">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FAD1F9A421B70217" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">H. aumakuawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in eastern Kauai as well but has gone unnoticed despite our extensive collections. However, at this juncture it is more prudent for us to assume that this species is endemic to western Kauai as are the bugle species
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FBFFF93D26EE029A" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[1116,1250,1759,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eepawai">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FBFFF93D26EE029A" box="[1116,1250,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">H. eepawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the cone species
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FC23F91C2600037C" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[896,1036,1789,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawaikoi">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FC23F91C2600037C" box="[896,1036,1789,1811]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">H. kawaikoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is particularly appropriate because we have reared many dozens of burrito-cased larvae from eastern Kauai and
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF858409FB3DF8D927560321" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[1182,1370,1850,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aumakuawai">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF858409FB3DF8D927560321" box="[1182,1370,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="35">H. aumakuawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not appeared there yet. The reasons for the extremely local endemism of this burrito case but not
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF848408FD4CFF25231A0494" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ipowainui">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF848408FD4CFF25231A0494" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="36">H. ipowainui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bear further study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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