treatments-xml/data/03/9C/87/039C8781FFEBF75124D80319F7381010.xml

<document id="05C46020295126D368C37A0DA20BD26D" ID-CLB-Dataset="32114" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4319.3.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="baaea35b-0fd7-4c1f-83b1-c5474364f2a2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="890400" ID-ZooBank="732Dfcd1-1Bdf-47B1-Ace7-2A27E69715Fa" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1505287638744" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mifsud, Constantine" docDate="2017" docId="039C8781FFEBF75124D80319F7381010" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4319.3.8.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4319 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Heteralepas newmani Mifsud, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A047C964-BE4A-4AB1-9096-9C9D4978A7BE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="576" masterDocId="FFA5FFF9FFEEF741244F0616F46C110D" masterDocTitle="A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction" masterLastPageNumber="578" masterPageNumber="561" pageNumber="566" updateTime="1698468411256" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EC04128F1873B7EE2C669A0BF7A059BC">A new pedunculate barnacle (Cirripedia: Heteralepadidae) from the Mediterranean with notes on reproduction</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039C8781FFEBF75124D80319F7381010" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5684864" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134040227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5684864" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A047C964-BE4A-4AB1-9096-9C9D4978A7BE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C8781FFEBF75124D80319F7381010" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="576" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<subSubSection id="C32F651CFFEBF74424D80319F5671446" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFEBF74424D80319F66F1427" blockId="5.[151,515,1295,1355]" box="[151,515,1295,1322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<heading id="D0C281FBFFEBF74424D80319F66F1427" bold="true" box="[151,515,1295,1322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFEBF74424D80319F66F1427" bold="true" box="[151,515,1295,1322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFEBF74424D80319F5F21424" box="[151,414,1295,1321]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFEBF74424D80319F5F21424" bold="true" box="[151,414,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFEBF74425EA0306F66F1427" box="[421,515,1296,1322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFEBF74424D80324F5671446" blockId="5.[151,515,1295,1355]" box="[151,267,1330,1355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
(
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFEBF74424D10324F56F1446" box="[158,259,1330,1355]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1800,1822]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,250,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,483,1901]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1392,237,1770]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1420,195,1839]" captionTargetBox-3="[200,1385,220,1939]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,483,1901]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1770]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1881]" captionTargetId-3="figure@9.[191,1385,194,1939]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Detailed morphological description Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. is based on specimens A, B, and C in figure A, B and C (see also Table 4) all to same scale." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., mouth parts from species A (Table 4). A, Mandible; B, pectination of first tooth; C, pectination of teeth 2 - 3; D-E: First maxilla, F; Labrum with pectinations. Scale 500 mm replies to A, D &amp; F." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., (specimen A): A, Prosoma and thorax with appendages; B, cirrus I; C, cirrus II; D, cirrus V; E, cirrus VI (See also table 4 and 5)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov.,: A, caudal appendages between pedicels of the 6 th cirri (species A); B, penis (species 3) (See also tabel 4 and 5)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/892015/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/892019/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/892021/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/892023/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Figs 2–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F651CFFEBF74424D8036CF67814D6" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFEBF74424D8036CF67814D6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1402,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFEBF74424D8036CF553149E" bold="true" box="[151,319,1402,1427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<typeStatus id="548E8835FFEBF74424D8036CF4BE149E" box="[151,210,1402,1427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
. The 
<typeStatus id="548E8835FFEBF74425CD036CF588149E" box="[386,484,1402,1427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(specimen A), two 
<typeStatus id="548E8835FFEBF7442689036DF75E149E" box="[710,818,1403,1427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(specimens B and C), all from which 
<collectionCode id="ED24AE52FFEBF74420A9036DF14F149E" box="[1254,1315,1403,1427]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">DNA</collectionCode>
sequences were obtained, and their complemental males, are deposited in the Museum of Natural History, 
<collectingRegion id="49F1F875FFEBF74420B60388F12914BA" box="[1273,1349,1438,1463]" country="Malta" name="Imdina" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Mdina</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3227607FFEBF744211B0388F1F414BA" box="[1364,1432,1438,1463]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Malta</collectingCountry>
, collection number 
<collectionCode id="ED24AE52FFEBF744252603D5F5B614D6" box="[361,474,1475,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">NMHMC</collectionCode>
040a.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F651CFFEBF744248803F0F1E1172E" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFEBF744248803F0F1E1172E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1402,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFEBF744248803F0F52A14F2" bold="true" box="[199,326,1510,1535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named in honor of the American cirripedologist, William A. Newman, who has devoted a large part of his scientific life to studies of the natural history, systematics, and taxonomy of recent and fossil cirripeds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F651CFFEBF74424880038F74017F6" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFEBF74424880038F74017F6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1402,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFEBF74424880038F543174A" bold="true" box="[199,303,1582,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Material</emphasis>
. Twenty-six specimens were found in 2008 attached to a derelict nylon mooring line at 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFEBF74421410039F1F0174B" box="[1294,1436,1582,1607]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="100.0">100 – 150 m</quantity>
depth in the Mediterranean Sea off 
<collectingCountry id="F3227607FFEBF744266F0044F60D1766" box="[544,609,1618,1643]" name="Malta" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Malta</collectingCountry>
at 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE015050FFEBF74427660045F7D11767" box="[809,957,1619,1643]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" precision="1" value="14.195117">14°11.707’ E</geoCoordinate>
(
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFEBF74427830044F0611766" box="[972,1037,1618,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1119,1141]" captionTargetBox="[308,1320,236,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[256,1344,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing the locality where 26 specimens Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. were a nylon line anchored in about 458 m depth was brought up as a by catch on a fisherman’s bottom long lines. The line was drifting with the currents in the water column, and specimens were attached at the &quot; top &quot; of the line corresponding to 100 - 150 m depth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892013/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6B7032CFFEBF74420540044F0031766" box="[1051,1135,1618,1643]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,242,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[191,1379,276,1344]" captionTargetId="graphics@4.[185,1394,267,1347]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphological description of 26 specimens of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. Hermaphrodite size; complementary male, occurrence, size, and position; eggs and cypris, occurrence and size. DNA sequencing was done on species A-C, and RS 1 - 6 were still attached to the mooring line. *: presence of parasitic isopod." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" tableUuid="DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2">Table 3</tableCitation>
). The line was anchored in ~ 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFEBF74424EA0060F4811783" box="[165,237,1654,1679]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.58" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" unit="m" value="458.0">458 m</quantity>
depth, with its upper end drifting with the currents in the water column. The line became entangled with a fisherman’s bottom long lines and was brought up as by-catch; the barnacles were attached at the &quot;top&quot; of the line, corresponding to 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFEBF744251700A9F58817DB" box="[344,484,1726,1751]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="100.0">100 – 150 m</quantity>
depth, among a large colony of the hydroid 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFEBF744279F00A8F13517DA" authority="(Lamouroux, 1821)" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Lamouroux" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[976,1369,1726,1751]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gayi">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFEBF744279F00A8F01517DB" box="[976,1145,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Sertularia gayi</emphasis>
(Lamouroux, 1821)
</taxonomicName>
and a few specimens of 
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFEBF744252D00F5F63217F6" box="[354,606,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Scalpellum scalpellum</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1767).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F651CFFEBF74424880110F061166A" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFEBF74424880110F061166A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1402,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFEBF74424880110F5561612" bold="true" box="[199,314,1798,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Capitulum ovoid, surface somewhat roughened, without tubercles, carinal ridge or indications of insertions of carapace adductor muscle present; aperture length ~one-half height of capitulum, with crenulate or flaring lips. Peduncle wrinkled. Capitulum 1.6–2.2 times longer than peduncle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F651CFFEBF75124880164F7381010" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFEBF74724880164F69010A1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1402,2003]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFEBF74424880164F5361686" bold="true" box="[199,346,1906,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Description.</emphasis>
Medium-sized species, total length 1.0– 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFEBF744276A0165F71A1687" box="[805,886,1907,1931]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" unit="cm" value="2.3">2.3 cm</quantity>
; peduncle short relative to capitulum (latter 1.6– 2.2 times longer); distinct demarcation between capitulum and peduncle (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFEBF74427A70180F04016A2" box="[1000,1068,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1119,1141]" captionTargetBox="[308,1320,236,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[256,1344,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing the locality where 26 specimens Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. were a nylon line anchored in about 458 m depth was brought up as a by catch on a fisherman’s bottom long lines. The line was drifting with the currents in the water column, and specimens were attached at the &quot; top &quot; of the line corresponding to 100 - 150 m depth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892013/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="566">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, Tables 2–4); peduncular length 
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, width 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFEBF74425CB01ACF64D16DF" box="[388,545,1978,2003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" unit="cm" value="0.45499999999999996" valueMax="0.58" valueMin="0.33">0.33–0.58 cm</quantity>
; capitular length 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFEBF74426AF01ADF70216DF" box="[736,878,1979,2003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" metricValueMax="1.38" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" unit="cm" value="1.04" valueMax="1.38" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.38 cm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFEBF74427F101ACF03616DF" box="[958,1114,1978,2003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.299999999999999" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="566" unit="cm" value="0.9299999999999999" valueMax="1.24" valueMin="0.62">0.62–1.24 cm</quantity>
. Capitulum globular, surface rugged; some specimens colonized by hydroids and foraminifera (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE8F74727DA0681F79011BD" box="[917,1020,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1925,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,483,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,483,1901]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Detailed morphological description Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. is based on specimens A, B, and C in figure A, B and C (see also Table 4) all to same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892015/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Fig. 2 B</figureCitation>
). Aperture half height of capitulum, crenulated, flaring from side. Area below aperture swollen in chin-like fashion, protrusions or clear carinal ridge not evident. Mouth parts typical for 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE8F747267306F6F6A911F5" authorityName="PilSbry" authorityYear="1907" box="[572,709,224,248]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE8F747267306F6F6A911F5" box="[572,709,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Heteralepas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE8F747277E06C9F71911F5" box="[817,885,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1800,1822]" captionTargetBox="[171,1392,237,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., mouth parts from species A (Table 4). A, Mandible; B, pectination of first tooth; C, pectination of teeth 2 - 3; D-E: First maxilla, F; Labrum with pectinations. Scale 500 mm replies to A, D &amp; F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892019/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Mandible (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE8F747204406C9F0E311F5" box="[1035,1167,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1800,1822]" captionTargetBox="[171,1392,237,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., mouth parts from species A (Table 4). A, Mandible; B, pectination of first tooth; C, pectination of teeth 2 - 3; D-E: First maxilla, F; Labrum with pectinations. Scale 500 mm replies to A, D &amp; F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892019/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Fig. 3 A–C</figureCitation>
) with 4 teeth including inferior angle; surface covered with numerous fine setae; lower margins of teeth 1–3 pectinate (with 5–7 short, stout spines under first and second teeth, 3 under third, more rounded teeth on the margin beneath fourth tooth). First maxilla (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE8F7472579075AF5D91069" box="[310,437,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1800,1822]" captionTargetBox="[171,1392,237,1770]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1770]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., mouth parts from species A (Table 4). A, Mandible; B, pectination of first tooth; C, pectination of teeth 2 - 3; D-E: First maxilla, F; Labrum with pectinations. Scale 500 mm replies to A, D &amp; F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892019/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Fig. 3 D, E</figureCitation>
) with notched cutting edge, 3 major spines and ~15 lesser spines below notch, 2 clumps of fine setae along superior margin, similar setae along inferior margin, lateral surfaces clothed with numerous fine setae. Labrum with pectinations along margin (fig 3F).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE8F74724D80193F63916B7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892015/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" targetBox="[151,1436,483,1901]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE8F74724D80193F63916B7" blockId="6.[151,1435,1925,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE8F74724D80193F57F1697" bold="true" box="[151,275,1925,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Detailed morphological description 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE8F74726C80193F7091696" box="[647,869,1925,1947]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE8F74726C80193F7091696" box="[647,869,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="567">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE8F74727240190F7D61696" box="[875,954,1926,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="567" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is based on specimens A, B, and C in figure A, B and C (see also Table 4) all to same scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE9F74624D8011EF08C164D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892019/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" targetBox="[171,1392,237,1770]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE9F74624D8011EF08C164D" blockId="7.[151,1430,1800,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE9F74624D8011EF57E1610" bold="true" box="[151,274,1800,1822]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE9F7462557011EF5991613" box="[280,501,1800,1822]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE9F7462557011EF5991613" box="[280,501,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="568">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE9F74625B5011FF6261613" box="[506,586,1801,1822]" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, mouth parts from species A (Table 4). A, Mandible; B, pectination of first tooth; C, pectination of teeth 2-3; D-E: First maxilla, F; Labrum with pectinations. Scale 500 mm replies to A, D &amp; F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE6F74924D80167F60916AB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892021/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="569" targetBox="[151,1420,195,1839]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE6F74924D80167F60916AB" blockId="8.[151,1435,1905,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE6F74924D80167F57E168B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1905,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE6F74925560167F59B168A" box="[281,503,1905,1927]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="8" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE6F74925560167F59B168A" box="[281,503,1905,1927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="569">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE6F74925B20164F622168A" box="[509,590,1906,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="569" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, (specimen A): A, Prosoma and thorax with appendages; B, cirrus I; C, cirrus II; D, cirrus V; E, cirrus VI (See also table 4 and 5).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE7F74824D801BDF59116D2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892023/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" targetBox="[200,1385,220,1939]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE7F74824D801BDF59116D2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1960,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE7F74824D801BDF57A16CD" bold="true" box="[151,278,1963,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE7F748256F01BDF66D16CC" box="[288,513,1963,1985]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE7F748256F01BDF66D16CC" box="[288,513,1963,1985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="570">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE7F748264301BAF60816CC" box="[524,612,1964,1985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="570" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,: A, caudal appendages between pedicels of the 6th cirri (species A); B, penis (species 3) (See also tabel 4 and 5).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74B24880681F4AF1085" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
Number of cirral segments varying substantially with size of hermaphrodite (
<tableCitation id="C6B7032CFFE4F74B20770681F0FD11BD" box="[1080,1169,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,239,1725,1748]" captionText="TABLE 5. Number of articles comprising the cirri I – VI, in species A, B, and C, the total length of hermaphrodite being: 2.26; 1.33 and 1.02 cm respectively. CA: the caudal appendage." pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Table 5</tableCitation>
: three specimens, 1.02, 1.33 and 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFE4F74B254406AAF51911D9" box="[267,373,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.26" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" unit="mm" value="2.26">2.26 mm</quantity>
total length, respectively). Cirrus I not separated from more posterior cirri, modified as maxilliped, rami relatively short, unequal, densely setose (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE4F74B270206C9F7C011F5" box="[845,940,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,195,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1881]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., (specimen A): A, Prosoma and thorax with appendages; B, cirrus I; C, cirrus II; D, cirrus V; E, cirrus VI (See also table 4 and 5)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892021/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Cirri II–VI similar in structure, setation ctenopod (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE4F74B25420712F53E1011" box="[269,338,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,195,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1881]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., (specimen A): A, Prosoma and thorax with appendages; B, cirrus I; C, cirrus II; D, cirrus V; E, cirrus VI (See also table 4 and 5)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892021/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Cirri II–IV with long, subequal rami subequal to outer rami of cirri V and VI. Inner rami of cirri V and VI atrophied, shorter than outer rami, with fewer than half number of segments of outer rami (cirrus V, inner ramus 18–28 segments, outer with 48–78 segments; cirrus VI, inner ramus with 15–22 segments, outer ramus 41– 72).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74B24880782F6F110DD" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Caudal appendages with 10–12 articles. Penis annulated, without specialized hooks or grapples, clothed distally with numerous long, fine setae (fig 5).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74B248807CAF0601389" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B248807CAF5DD10F8" bold="true" box="[199,433,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Molecular analysis.</emphasis>
Comparison of the sequences of the COI and S12 genes from three of the present 
<typeStatus id="548E8835FFE4F74B212307CBF1F010F8" box="[1388,1436,477,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">type</typeStatus>
specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE4F74B257E0417F5B01315" authority="sp" authorityName="Sp" box="[305,476,511,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B257E0417F5D4131A" box="[305,440,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">H. newmani</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B258F07E9F5B01315" bold="true" box="[448,476,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE4F74B258F07E9F5B01315" box="[448,476,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" rank="species">sp</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B259307E9F6771315" bold="true" box="[476,539,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">. nov.</emphasis>
(A, B, C; 
<tableCitation id="C6B7032CFFE4F74B26DF07E9F6831315" box="[656,751,511,536]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,242,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[191,1379,276,1344]" captionTargetId="graphics@4.[185,1394,267,1347]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphological description of 26 specimens of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. Hermaphrodite size; complementary male, occurrence, size, and position; eggs and cypris, occurrence and size. DNA sequencing was done on species A-C, and RS 1 - 6 were still attached to the mooring line. *: presence of parasitic isopod." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" tableUuid="DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2">Tables 3</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6B7032CFFE4F74B26B30416F7671315" box="[764,779,512,536]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,239,688,711]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphological description of the 3 specimens (A – C) of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. from which detailed morphological description and DNA sequencing was done." pageId="10" pageNumber="571">4</tableCitation>
) with corresponding sequences from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE4F74B20FE0417F15A131A" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1201,1334,512,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B20FE0417F15A131A" box="[1201,1334,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">H. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
revealed calculated p-distances of 15% and 8% respectively, compared to a within species p-distance for 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE4F74B208F0433F10A1331" authority="Sp" authorityName="Sp" box="[1216,1382,548,572]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B208F0433F12B1331" box="[1216,1351,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">H. newmani</emphasis>
sp
</taxonomicName>
nov. of &lt;0.1%. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE4F74B255D0451F589136D" box="[274,485,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" refString="Chan, B. K. K., Tsang, L. M. &amp; Shin, F. - L. (2009) Morphological and genetic differentiations of the stalked barnacle Heteralepas japonica Aurivillius, 1892, with description of a new species of Heteralepas Pilsbry, 1907, from the Philippines. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 20 (Supplement), 83 - 95." type="journal article">
Chan 
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B2519045FF5E6136D" box="[342,394,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
reported p-distances for COI and S12 of &lt;2.2% within species and divergences of&gt;8% between species for 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE4F74B25F8047AF6C41389" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[439,680,620,644]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B25F8047AF6C41389" box="[439,680,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Heteralepas japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE4F74B2690047BF0641389" authority="Chan et al., 2012" authorityName="Chan et al." authorityYear="2012" box="[735,1032,620,645]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canci">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B2690047BF7521389" box="[735,830,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">H. canci</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE4F74B270A047AF0641389" author="Chan" box="[837,1032,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" refString="Chan, B. K. K., Tsang, L. M. &amp; Shin, F. - L. (2012) Heteralepas canci, a replacement name for Heteralepas cantelli Chan, Tsang &amp; Shin, 2009 (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica), preoccupied by Heteralepas cantelli Buhl-Mortensen &amp; Newman, 2004. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 60 (1), 35." type="journal article" year="2012">
Chan 
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B27C8047BF7DB1389" box="[903,951,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE4F74B24D804A6F76113EA" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74B24D804A6F76113EA" blockId="10.[151,1435,687,743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B24D804A6F56713CA" bold="true" box="[151,267,688,711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Morphological description of the 3 specimens (A–C) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE4F74B273C04B9F03113CA" box="[883,1117,687,711]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B273C04B9F03113CA" box="[883,1117,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE4F74B202A04A6F0D713CA" box="[1125,1211,688,711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B202A04A6F0D713CA" bold="true" box="[1125,1211,688,711]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from which detailed morphological description and DNA sequencing was done.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74B26EE0514F0A3124F" blockId="10.[159,1238,770,1660]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">SP A SP B SP C Capitulum Width (cm) 1.24 0.75 0.62</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74B25EF0543F0A31299" blockId="10.[159,1238,770,1660]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Length (cm) 1.38 0.99 0.70 Peduncle (P) Width (cm) 0.58 0.39 0.33</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74B25EF05BEF0D0175E" blockId="10.[159,1238,770,1660]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
Length (cm) 0.88 0.34 0.32 C+P 2.26 1.33 1.02 C/P 1.57 2.87 2.20 Aperture (A) Length (cm) 0.64 0.52 0.37 A/C 0.46 0.53 0.53 Cirrus I Inner ramus 
<date id="FF8B1057FFE4F74B26EE0260F0D71581" box="[673,1211,1142,1164]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" value="2012-11-13">12 13 11</date>
Articles Outer ramus 22 27 17 Cirrus II Inner ramus 45 42 41 Articles Outer ramus 48 51 47 Cirrus III Inner ramus 56 50 47 Articles Outer ramus 61 52 50 Cirrus IV Inner ramus 52 47 41 Articles Outer ramus 73 51 45 Cirrus V Inner ramus 18 26 18 Articles Outer ramus 75 48 43 Cirrus VI Inner ramus 19 22 14 Articles Outer ramus 72 51 41
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74D25EF0070F04B1645" blockId="10.[159,1238,770,1660]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,1732,2008]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="573" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
Caudal appendage 
<date id="FF8B1057FFE4F74B26EE0070F0D01771" box="[673,1212,1638,1660]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" value="2010-10-12">12 10 10</date>
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE2F74D248800D2F51E17D0" bold="true" box="[199,370,1732,1757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Reproduction.</emphasis>
This species has both large hermaphrodites and small complemental males, the latter found on 35% of the hermaphrodites (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE2F74D259700F1F652160D" box="[472,574,1767,1792]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1948,1970]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,906,928]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,194,1926]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1412,183,1523]" captionTargetBox-2="[371,1228,226,867]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1926]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[168,1412,183,1523]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[339,1247,194,885]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. (specimen 5) with two complemental males, and below (specimen 4) with one male. The complemental male is typically sitting below the aperture of the hermaphrodite (see also Table 3 and Fig 7). Scale lower right = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. The position of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. (specimen RS 3, Table 3) on a nylon mooring line with a 4.5 mm long complemental dwarf male attached below aperture. Inside the same specimen are hundreds of eggs resembling cyprids that could indicate a direct development to cyprids without a free nauplius stage." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Near linear relationship between length of the peduncle and the capitulum. The occurrence of complemental males on the hermaphrodite of Heterealepas newmani sp. nov. in relation to length of peduncle and capitulum. Triangle indicates presence of complemental male and number of males is provided when&gt; 1." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/892025/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/892027/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/892029/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6B7032CFFE2F74D260600F1F6F1160D" box="[585,669,1767,1792]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,242,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[191,1379,276,1344]" captionTargetId="graphics@4.[185,1394,267,1347]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphological description of 26 specimens of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. Hermaphrodite size; complementary male, occurrence, size, and position; eggs and cypris, occurrence and size. DNA sequencing was done on species A-C, and RS 1 - 6 were still attached to the mooring line. *: presence of parasitic isopod." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" tableUuid="DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2">Table 3</tableCitation>
). The males resemble minute hermaphrodites and range from 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFE2F74D211300FEF4911629" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.835" metricValueMax="4.47" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" unit="mm" value="2.835" valueMax="4.47" valueMin="1.2">1.2 to 4.47 mm</quantity>
in total length, with the peduncle clearly shorter than the capitulum. In one male, article counts of the inner and outer rami of Cirri V and VI were 5 and 22, respectively, of both limbs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE4F74B24D800ABF75317F9" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74B24D800ABF75317F9" blockId="10.[151,1436,1725,1780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE4F74B24D800ABF56617D9" bold="true" box="[151,266,1725,1748]" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Number of articles comprising the cirri I–VI, in species A, B, and C, the total length of hermaphrodite being: 2.26; 1.33 and 1.02 cm respectively. CA: the caudal appendage.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE4F74B24D00106F0D11675" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<table id="F935C437FFE408BE24D00106F1321675" box="[159,1374,1808,1912]" gridcols="8" gridrows="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<tr id="350534D5FFE408BE24D00106F132162B" box="[159,1374,1808,1830]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE24D00106F571162B" box="[159,285,1808,1830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Cirrus</th>
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE25700106F5F5162B" box="[319,409,1808,1830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">I</th>
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE25AF0106F656162B" box="[480,570,1808,1830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">II</th>
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE26CE0106F6B7162B" box="[641,731,1808,1830]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">III</th>
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE276E0106F710162B" box="[801,892,1808,1830]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">IV</th>
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE278D0106F070162B" box="[962,1052,1808,1830]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">V</th>
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE202C0106F0D1162B" box="[1123,1213,1808,1830]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">VI</th>
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE214C0106F132162B" box="[1283,1374,1808,1830]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">CA</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350534D5FFE408BE24D0012FF1321642" box="[159,1374,1849,1871]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE24D0012FF5711642" box="[159,285,1849,1871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Inner ramus</th>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE2570012FF5F51642" box="[319,409,1849,1871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">12;13;11</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE25AF012FF6561642" box="[480,570,1849,1871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">45;42;41</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE26CE012FF6B71642" box="[641,731,1849,1871]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">56;50;47</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE276E012FF7101642" box="[801,892,1849,1871]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">52;47;41</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE278D012FF0701642" box="[962,1052,1849,1871]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">18;26;18</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE202C012FF0D11642" box="[1123,1213,1849,1871]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">19;22;14</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE214C012FF1321642" box="[1283,1374,1849,1871]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">12;10;10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350534D5FFE408BE24D00174F1321675" box="[159,1374,1890,1912]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="571" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76D45DA9FFE408BE24D00174F5711675" box="[159,285,1890,1912]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">Outer ramus</th>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE25700174F5F51675" box="[319,409,1890,1912]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">22;27;17</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE25AF0174F6561675" box="[480,570,1890,1912]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">48;51;47</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE26CE0174F6B71675" box="[641,731,1890,1912]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">61;52;50</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE276E0174F7101675" box="[801,892,1890,1912]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">73;51;45</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE278D0174F0701675" box="[962,1052,1890,1912]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">75;48;43</td>
<td id="76D45DA9FFE408BE202C0174F0D11675" box="[1123,1213,1890,1912]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="571">72;51;41</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE5F74A24D8018AF57016FD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892025/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1926]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE5F74A24D8018AF57016FD" blockId="11.[151,1436,1948,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE5F74A24D8018AF57E16BC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1948,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE5F74A2557018AF59816BF" box="[280,500,1948,1970]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE5F74A2557018AF59816BF" box="[280,500,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="572">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE5F74A25B5018BF62516BF" box="[506,585,1949,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="572" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(specimen 5) with two complemental males, and below (specimen 4) with one male. The complemental male is typically sitting below the aperture of the hermaphrodite (see also Table 3 and Fig 7). Scale lower right = 1mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE2F74D24D80035F7A4178C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892027/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" targetBox="[168,1412,183,1523]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE2F74D24D80035F7A4178C" blockId="12.[151,1415,1571,1665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE2F74D24D80035F57E1735" bold="true" box="[151,274,1571,1593]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
The position of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE2F74D258C0035F6CD1734" box="[451,673,1571,1593]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE2F74D258C0035F6CD1734" box="[451,673,1571,1593]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE2F74D26E80032F6981734" box="[679,756,1572,1593]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(specimen RS3, Table 3) on a nylon mooring line with a 4.5 mm long complemental dwarf male attached below aperture. Inside the same specimen are hundreds of eggs resembling cyprids that could indicate a direct development to cyprids without a free nauplius stage.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE2F74D24880142F08316D5" blockId="12.[151,1436,1732,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">
Of the 15 males, 11 were attached below the aperture and two above, with the remaining two found just inside the lower part of the aperture. In general, one male was found attached to one hermaphrodite, but a maximum of four were observed on the largest specimen. Hermaphrodites with males had a capitular length of&gt; 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFE2F74D214D018AF10D16B9" box="[1282,1377,1948,1973]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" unit="cm" value="0.75">0.75 cm</quantity>
. One hermaphrodite bore a not-yet-metamorphosed, 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFE2F74D26E801D6F69116DA" box="[679,765,1984,2008]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="573" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
long, presumably male, cypris larva (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE2F74D20EC01A9F08D16D5" box="[1187,1249,1983,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[346,1241,194,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[346,1241,194,1838]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Complemental male of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. Above metamorphosing cyprid still within cyprid shell found attached to specimen 3, and below whole male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892031/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="573">Fig 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE3F74C24D8059CF7F912D0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892029/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" targetBox="[371,1228,226,867]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE3F74C24D8059CF7F912D0" blockId="13.[151,1436,906,989]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C24D8059CF57E1292" bold="true" box="[151,274,906,928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Near linear relationship between length of the peduncle and the capitulum. The occurrence of complemental males on the hermaphrodite of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C25D305BFF6EA12B2" box="[412,646,937,959]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heterealepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C25D305BFF6EA12B2" box="[412,646,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Heterealepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE3F74C26C005BCF68C12B2" box="[655,736,938,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in relation to length of peduncle and capitulum. Triangle indicates presence of complemental male and number of males is provided when&gt; 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE3F74C24880238F6E41583" blockId="13.[151,1437,1070,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
Based on the presence of eggs and complemental males, hermaphrodites with a capitular length of &lt;
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFE3F74C21680239F11F154B" box="[1319,1395,1071,1095]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" unit="cm" value="0.7">0.7 cm</quantity>
are likely juveniles (
<tableCitation id="C6B7032CFFE3F74C251D0244F5C51566" box="[338,425,1106,1131]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,242,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[191,1379,276,1344]" captionTargetId="graphics@4.[185,1394,267,1347]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphological description of 26 specimens of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. Hermaphrodite size; complementary male, occurrence, size, and position; eggs and cypris, occurrence and size. DNA sequencing was done on species A-C, and RS 1 - 6 were still attached to the mooring line. *: presence of parasitic isopod." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" tableUuid="DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Seven of the hermaphrodites with capitula of&gt;1.0 cm in height had eggs or egg masses, with eggs size ranging from 
<quantity id="4CCD9B72FFE3F74C25990260F6E81583" box="[470,644,1142,1167]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" unit="mm" value="0.385" valueMax="0.61" valueMin="0.16">0.16– 0.61 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE3F74C2488028CF6BE17FE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1070,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C2488028CF55C15BE" bold="true" box="[199,304,1178,1203]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Parasite.</emphasis>
Eight specimens of a parasitic epicaridean isopod were removed from the mantle cavity of one of the hermaphrodites (
<typeStatus id="548E8835FFE3F74C251B02A9F5D415DA" box="[340,440,1215,1239]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
C) (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE3F74C25A402A8F65315DA" box="[491,575,1214,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1171]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,194,1171]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. The isopod parasite (Crinoniscidae) found in the mantle cavity of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. (specimen C, Table 2) resembles Proteolepas Darwin, 1854, a genus recognized by Hosie (2008). The specimens illustrated include six females in different stages of maturation and two males (lower left; Hosie in litt. Hosie, 2017). Upper right, a maturing virtually legless recently molted female attached to host tissue by its long very slender second pereiopods. These males and females are morphologically similar to those of Crinoniscus (Hosie in litt. 2017). Proetolepads bivincta Darwin, 1854 was found on Heteralepas cornuta Darwin, 1851 from the West Indies, but now also known in the Atlantic from the NW Africa north to the mouth of the Mediterranean. Therefore, it is important to note that Darwin’s H. cornuta is clearly distinct from the new species, H. newmani (see text)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892033/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Two males and six females in different stages of maturity were attached to the barnacle by their heads, with the exception of one female that had recently metamorphosed and which was attached by a pair of slender periopods, comparable to those illustrated for 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C27990310F1311412" authority="Darwin, 1854" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[982,1373,1286,1311]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" genus="Proteolepas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivincta">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C27990310F0D11413" box="[982,1213,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Proteolepas bivincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE3F74C208B0310F1311412" author="Darwin" box="[1220,1373,1286,1311]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" refString="Darwin, C. R. (1854) A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidae, the Verrucidae, etc. Ray Society, London, 684 pp." type="book" year="1854">Darwin, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(q.v., Pl. 24, 
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE3F74C24A7033CF547144E" box="[232,299,1322,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1571,1593]" captionTargetBox="[168,1412,183,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[168,1412,183,1523]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. The position of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. (specimen RS 3, Table 3) on a nylon mooring line with a 4.5 mm long complemental dwarf male attached below aperture. Inside the same specimen are hundreds of eggs resembling cyprids that could indicate a direct development to cyprids without a free nauplius stage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892027/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) found on 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C25E6033CF72A144E" authority="(Darwin, 1852)" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1852" baseAuthorityName="Darwin" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[425,838,1322,1347]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C25E6033CF6FD144F" box="[425,657,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Heteralepas cornuta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE3F74C26EF033CF752144E" author="Darwin" box="[672,830,1322,1347]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" refString="Darwin, C. R. (1852) A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Lepadidae; or, pedunculated cirripedes. Ray Society, London, 400 pp." type="book" year="1852">Darwin, 1852</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the West Indies. Based on these limbs, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE3F74C2107033CF48D146A" author="Darwin" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" refString="Darwin, C. R. (1854) A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidae, the Verrucidae, etc. Ray Society, London, 684 pp." type="book" year="1854">Darwin (1854)</bibRefCitation>
concluded that 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C25EE0358F64B146B" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[417,551,1358,1382]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" genus="Proteolepas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C25EE0358F64B146B" box="[417,551,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Proteolepas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a barnacle, but 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE3F74C276D0359F7BB146A" author="Newman" box="[802,983,1358,1383]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" refString="Newman, W. A. (1962) Origin and evolution of Cirripedia. In: Gordon, I. (Ed.), Report on the Conference on the Evolution of Crustacea. Crustaceana, 4 (2), 163 - 166" type="journal article" year="1962">Newman (1962</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE3F74C27A80358F04C146A" author="Newman" box="[999,1056,1358,1383]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" refString="Newman, W. A., Zullo, V. A. &amp; Withers, T. H. (1967) A critique on recent concepts of growth in Balanomorpha (Cirripedia, Thoracica). Crustaceana, 12 (2), 167 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854067 X 00594" type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
) suggested it was more likely a copepod or an epicaridean isopod. Bocquet-Védrine (1972) found a comparable form on the balanomorph 
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C24D80381F5E614A2" box="[151,394,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Perforatus perforatus</emphasis>
(Bruguière, 1789), from the 
<collectingRegion id="49F1F875FFE3F74C26810381F76414A2" box="[718,776,1431,1455]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">coast</collectingRegion>
of 
<collectingCountry id="F3227607FFE3F74C27620381F71014A3" box="[813,892,1431,1454]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">France</collectingCountry>
, and she and her husband not only demonstrated that it was attached to the host by its second periopods, but also that it belonged to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C201403ACF1F014DE" authority="Bonnier, 1900" authorityName="Bonnier" authorityYear="1900" box="[1115,1436,1466,1491]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crinoniscidae Bonnier, 1900</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE3F74C24D103C8F64814FA" author="Bocquet-Vedrine" box="[158,548,1502,1527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" refString="Bocquet-Vedrine, J. &amp; Bocquet, C. (1972) Le ceinture d'attache de la femelle juvenile de Crinoniscus equitans Perez (Isopode Cryptoniscien) et son importance adaptive. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Series D, 275, 2235 - 2238." type="journal article" year="1972">Bocquet-Védrine &amp; Bocquet 1972</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE3F74C267803C8F6A614FA" author="HoSie" box="[567,714,1502,1527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" refString="Hosie, A. (2008) Four new species and a new record of Cryptoniscoidea (Crustacea: Isopoda: Hemioniscidae and Crinoniscidae) parasitising stalked barnacles from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 1795, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2008">Hosie (2008)</bibRefCitation>
subsequently described 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C279303C9F08F14FB" authorityName="Hosie" authorityYear="2008" box="[988,1251,1502,1526]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" genus="Crinoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalatus">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C279303C9F08F14FB" box="[988,1251,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Crinoniscus cephalatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the mantle cavity of the scalpellomorph 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C25940014F7841716" authority="(Withers, 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Withers" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[475,1000,1538,1563]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Scalpellidae" genus="Amigdoscalpellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costellatum">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C25940014F75E1717" box="[475,818,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Amigdoscalpellum costellatum</emphasis>
(Withers, 1935)
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3227607FFE3F74C20630015F0A91716" box="[1068,1221,1538,1563]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. He mentioned that the second periopods of an immature female are “extremely elongate ‘guy-lines’ up to as long as the body”. But while relatively long in the mature female (c.f. his 
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE3F74C269F005CF725176E" box="[720,841,1610,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,195,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1881]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Heteralepas newmani sp. nov., (specimen A): A, Prosoma and thorax with appendages; B, cirrus I; C, cirrus II; D, cirrus V; E, cirrus VI (See also table 4 and 5)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892021/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
), the second periopods in both illustrations are by no means as slender as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C25D20078F64F178B" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[413,547,1646,1670]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" genus="Proteolepas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C25D20078F64F178B" box="[413,547,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Proteolepas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in our new form from the Mediterranean. In passing, it needs to be noted here that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE3F74C25470084F65717A6" author="WilliamS" box="[264,571,1682,1707]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" refString="Williams, J. D. &amp; Boyko, C. B. (2012) The global diversity of parasitic isopods associated with crustacean hosts (Isopoda: Bopyroidea and Cryptoniscoidea). PLoS ONE, 7 (4), 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2012">Williams &amp; Boyko (2012)</bibRefCitation>
were not convinced 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C27790085F7C117A7" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[822,941,1682,1706]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" genus="Proteolepas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivincta">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C27790085F7C117A7" box="[822,941,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">P. bivincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was an epicaridean and dubbed it 
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C211E0085F48717C3" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">nomen dubium</emphasis>
. A more complete report concerning the present isopod, which is likely a new species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C24D800CDF57217FF" box="[151,286,1755,1778]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" genus="Crinoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C24D800CDF57217FF" box="[151,286,1755,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Crinoniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is intended for publication elsewhere.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE3F74C248800E8F03516E2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1070,2031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C248800E8F5BA161A" bold="true" box="[199,470,1790,1815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
The possession of atrophied inner rami on cirri V and VI is the principal diagnostic feature of 
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C25410134F5FA1637" box="[270,406,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Heterolepas</emphasis>
s. s. Of the 28 formerly described species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE3F74C27E40134F0581637" authorityName="PilSbry" authorityYear="1907" box="[939,1076,1826,1850]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="13" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE3F74C27E40134F0581637" box="[939,1076,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="574">Heteralepas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, none has been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea (Table 1). This genus is generally difficult to identify to species level since, unlike most other stalked cirripeds, it lacks the calcified valves that aid identification in other genera. Thus, the main characters available to discriminate the species of this genus are the relative proportions of the capitulum, peduncle and aperture, in addition to the sculpturing of the capitulum and aperture and the number of segments in the cirri. The mouthparts are generally very morphologically similar in all the species of this genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE0F74F24D80155F6D41675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892031/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" targetBox="[346,1241,194,1838]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE0F74F24D80155F6D41675" blockId="14.[151,1436,1859,1912]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE0F74F24D80155F57A1655" bold="true" box="[151,278,1859,1881]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Complemental male of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE0F74F26570155F6941654" box="[536,760,1859,1881]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE0F74F26570155F6941654" box="[536,760,1859,1881]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="575">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE0F74F274D0152F7381654" box="[770,852,1860,1881]" pageId="14" pageNumber="575" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Above metamorphosing cyprid still within cyprid shell found attached to specimen 3, and below whole male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4A661FFFE1F74E24D802BAF5101497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892033/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1171]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE1F74E24D802BAF5101497" blockId="15.[151,1436,1196,1434]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E24D802BAF54C15CC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1196,1218]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
The isopod parasite (
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E264602BAF6F515CF" authorityName="Bonnier" authorityYear="1900" box="[521,665,1196,1218]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crinoniscidae</taxonomicName>
) found in the mantle cavity of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E279602BAF0D415CF" box="[985,1208,1196,1218]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E279602BAF0D415CF" box="[985,1208,1196,1218]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE1F74E20F002BBF16215CF" box="[1215,1294,1197,1218]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(specimen C, Table 2) resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E252902DAF61615EF" authority="Darwin, 1854" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[358,634,1228,1250]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" genus="Proteolepas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E252902DAF5B315EF" box="[358,479,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Proteolepas</emphasis>
Darwin, 1854
</taxonomicName>
, a genus recognized by Hosie (2008). The specimens illustrated include six females in different stages of maturation and two males (lower left; Hosie in litt. Hosie, 2017). Upper right, a maturing virtually legless recently molted female attached to host tissue by its long very slender second pereiopods. These males and females are morphologically similar to those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E2657033FF6FE1433" box="[536,658,1321,1342]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" genus="Crinoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E2657033FF6FE1433" box="[536,658,1321,1342]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Crinoniscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hosie in litt. 2017). 
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E27CC033EF0651433" box="[899,1033,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Proetolepads</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E205B033EF16C1433" authority="Darwin, 1854" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[1044,1280,1320,1342]" class="Malacostraca" family="Crinoniscidae" genus="Proteolepas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bivincta">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E205B033EF00A1433" box="[1044,1126,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">bivincta</emphasis>
Darwin, 1854
</taxonomicName>
was found on 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E24D80350F5971451" authority="Darwin, 1851" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,507,1350,1373]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E24D80350F5041450" box="[151,360,1350,1373]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Heteralepas cornuta</emphasis>
Darwin, 1851
</taxonomicName>
from the West Indies, but now also known in the Atlantic from the NW Africa north to the mouth of the Mediterranean. Therefore, it is important to note that Darwin’s 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E27D40370F0641476" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1851" box="[923,1032,1382,1403]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuta">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E27D40370F0641476" box="[923,1032,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. cornuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly distinct from the new species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E24D80393F57D1497" box="[151,273,1413,1434]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E24D80393F57D1497" box="[151,273,1413,1434]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see text).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE1F74E248803D0F7D91682" blockId="15.[151,1437,1478,2007]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE1F74E248803D0F50014D2" author="Zevina" box="[199,364,1478,1503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" refString="Zevina, G. B. (1982) Barnacles of the suborder Lepadomorpha of the world ocean. II, In: Fauna U. S. S. R. Vol. 133. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Leningrad, pp. 1 - 222. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1982">Zevina (1982)</bibRefCitation>
divided 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E259403D0F60814D3" authorityName="PilSbry" authorityYear="1907" box="[475,612,1478,1502]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E259403D0F60814D3" box="[475,612,1478,1502]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Heteralepas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into two groups, those with the peduncle obviously longer than the capitulum and those with the peduncle shorter. Caution needs to be exercised here because peduncular length is likely to be influenced by age as well as the strength and direction of prevailing currents. However, for 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E215A0019F4D81746" authority="sp" authorityName="Sp" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E215A0019F1F7172B" box="[1301,1435,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. newmani</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E24D80024F4D81746" bold="true" box="[151,180,1586,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE1F74E24D80024F4D81746" box="[151,180,1586,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" rank="species">sp</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E24FC0024F4991746" bold="true" box="[179,245,1586,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">. nov.</emphasis>
, the relationship between length of the peduncle and the capitulum is near linear (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE1F74E208B0024F1671746" box="[1220,1291,1586,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,906,928]" captionTargetBox="[371,1228,226,867]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[339,1247,194,885]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Near linear relationship between length of the peduncle and the capitulum. The occurrence of complemental males on the hermaphrodite of Heterealepas newmani sp. nov. in relation to length of peduncle and capitulum. Triangle indicates presence of complemental male and number of males is provided when&gt; 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892029/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) and thus it apparently belongs to the latter group (
<figureCitation id="130E2A12FFE1F74E26070040F6E61762" box="[584,650,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1119,1141]" captionTargetBox="[308,1320,236,1050]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[256,1344,195,1116]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing the locality where 26 specimens Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. were a nylon line anchored in about 458 m depth was brought up as a by catch on a fisherman’s bottom long lines. The line was drifting with the currents in the water column, and specimens were attached at the &quot; top &quot; of the line corresponding to 100 - 150 m depth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/892013/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, Table 2). Based on its overall size, the relative length of the peduncle (1.2–2.9 times shorter than the capitulum), the length of the aperture relative to the capitulum (one-half), the lack of protrusions, scutal marks or depressions, or a carinal ridge on the capitulum, and the number of segments of cirri V and VI, the only reasonable matches among the previously described species are 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E206000D5F1F017D6" authority="Annandale, 1905" authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1905" box="[1071,1436,1730,1755]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaysiana">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E206000D5F0B817D6" box="[1071,1236,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. malaysiana</emphasis>
Annandale, 1905
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E248700F1F63817F2" authority="Zevina &amp; Schreider, 1992" authorityName="Zevina &amp; Schreider" authorityYear="1992" box="[200,596,1766,1791]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fessa">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E248700F1F54817F2" box="[200,292,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. fessa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFE1F74E256200F0F63817F2" author="Zevina" box="[301,596,1766,1791]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" refString="Zevina, G. B. &amp; Schreider, M. Y. (1992) New species of Cirripedia (Crustacea) from the Indian Ocean. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 71 (10), 39 - 46. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">Zevina &amp; Schreider, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see Table 2 for morphological comparisons). In addition to both species being known only from the Indo-West Pacific, both have a weak carinal ridge, unlike 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E2001011DF0B9162F" box="[1102,1237,1803,1826]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E2001011DF0B9162F" box="[1102,1237,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, additionally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E24D80139F52F164B" authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,323,1838,1862]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malaysiana">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E24D80139F52F164B" box="[151,323,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. malaysiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has wart-like protrusions. Neither species is well described morphologically; however, by thoroughly comparing the morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E26350145F7451666" authority="sp" authorityName="Sp" box="[634,809,1874,1899]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E26350145F76F1667" box="[634,771,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. newmani</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E27430144F7451666" bold="true" box="[780,809,1874,1899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE1F74E27430144F7451666" box="[780,809,1874,1899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" rank="species">sp</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E27660144F7051666" bold="true" box="[809,873,1874,1899]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">. nov.</emphasis>
with existing species in the genus (Table 2), we conclude that it is clearly different from all formerly described species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A3697FFE1F7512488018CF7381010" blockId="15.[151,1437,1478,2007]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">
Comparison of the sequences from three of the present 
<typeStatus id="548E8835FFE1F74E2771018DF70216BE" box="[830,878,1947,1971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">type</typeStatus>
specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E205B018DF0AC16BE" authority="sp" authorityName="Sp" box="[1044,1216,1946,1971]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E205B018DF0F016BF" box="[1044,1180,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. newmani</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E20EB018CF0AC16BE" bold="true" box="[1188,1216,1946,1971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFE1F74E20EB018CF0AC16BE" box="[1188,1216,1946,1971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" rank="species">sp</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E208E018CF16C16BE" bold="true" box="[1217,1280,1946,1971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">. nov.</emphasis>
(A, B and C; 
<tableCitation id="C6B7032CFFE1F74E24D801A8F49016DA" box="[151,252,1982,2007]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,242,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[191,1379,276,1344]" captionTargetId="graphics@4.[185,1394,267,1347]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphological description of 26 specimens of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. Hermaphrodite size; complementary male, occurrence, size, and position; eggs and cypris, occurrence and size. DNA sequencing was done on species A-C, and RS 1 - 6 were still attached to the mooring line. *: presence of parasitic isopod." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" tableUuid="DF4A661FFFEAF74524D8068EF0E611E2">Tables 3</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6B7032CFFE1F74E254001A9F57216DA" box="[271,286,1983,2007]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,239,688,711]" captionText="TABLE 4. Morphological description of the 3 specimens (A – C) of Heteralepas newmani sp. nov. from which detailed morphological description and DNA sequencing was done." pageId="15" pageNumber="576">4</tableCitation>
) with corresponding sequences from 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFE1F74E26AE01A9F70016DB" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[737,876,1983,2006]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="15" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFE1F74E26AE01A9F70016DB" box="[737,876,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="576">H. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
available in GenBank® revealed calculated pdistances of 15% and 8% respectively, compared to a within species p-distance for 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFFEF7512070068FF0AA11A2" box="[1087,1222,152,176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFFEF7512070068FF0AA11A2" box="[1087,1222,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">H. newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of &lt;0.1%. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B66FFFEF751210A0681F56A11D9" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" refString="Chan, B. K. K., Tsang, L. M. &amp; Shin, F. - L. (2009) Morphological and genetic differentiations of the stalked barnacle Heteralepas japonica Aurivillius, 1892, with description of a new species of Heteralepas Pilsbry, 1907, from the Philippines. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 20 (Supplement), 83 - 95." type="journal article">
Chan 
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFFEF75121C7068FF4C111D9" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
reported p-distances for COI and S12 of &lt;2.2% within species and divergences of&gt;8% between species of 
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFFEF75124F606F6F52611F5" box="[185,330,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFFEF75124F606F6F52A11F5" authorityName="PilSbry" authorityYear="1907" box="[185,326,224,248]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heteralepas</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The present limited molecular data support the morphology-based conclusion that 
<taxonomicName id="4C354D14FFFEF751215C06F6F4901011" class="Maxillopoda" family="Heteralepadidae" genus="Heteralepas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="newmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFFEF751215C06F6F4901011" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">Heteralepas newmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257FEFFFEF751254C0712F5311010" box="[259,349,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="577" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B941EA85FFFEF751254C0712F5311010" bold="true" box="[259,349,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="577">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
represents a previously undescribed species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>