369 lines
41 KiB
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369 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="E7FFD8E0452604EAA139F069DE1C1ECE" ID-CLB-Dataset="263342" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67e7a105-1f62-414a-83d9-f758039eb726" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958937" ID-ZooBank="F9834684-24D3-4795-B5EB-77B451DF856D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1684793492880" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin" docDate="2023" docId="038776236214FFB72DEFB7D7FA7B5F12" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5286.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5286 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parena Motschulsky 1860" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="FFBE0E5B6246FFE32D78B27BFFE75D5A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1699506634024" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5B9789BED9166C9F882310F2228B9796">Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5ED424479E17CA9AFEC9EFF4AE6D8A3C">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="009061A5D180AB6CAAE999736CB0259B" type="email">shihl@bjfu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9C34228B85B19A48A091413455B9EF3F">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2DFC56FE280F6DA3C3873E6D9D4DB067">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7733B54A58515C7EF66A2C9A73B2E880">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038776236214FFB72DEFB7D7FA7B5F12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963765" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209629032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7963765" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236214FFB72DEFB7D7FA7B5F12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038776236214FFB72DEFB7D7FA7B5F12" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6214FFB12DEFB7D7FDB9589C" box="[151,606,1452,1478]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356214FFB12DEFB7D7FDB9589C" blockId="82.[151,606,1452,1478]" box="[151,606,1452,1478]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276214FFB12DEFB7D7FDB9589C" bold="true" box="[151,606,1452,1478]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66214FFB12C6FB7D7FDB9589C" ID-CoL="8KVXP" ID-ENA="177489" authority="Motschulsky, 1860" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[279,606,1452,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276214FFB12C6FB7D7FE88589C" bold="true" box="[279,367,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Parena</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46214FFB12C0FB7D7FDB9589C" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[375,606,1452,1478]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="25 - 118" refId="ref112373" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1860) Entomologie speciale. Insectes des Indes orientales, et de contrees analogues. 2: de serie. Etudes Entomologiques, 8 [1859], 25 - 118." type="journal article" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6214FFB12DEFB78BFDB45B52" box="[151,595,1520,1544]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356214FFB12DEFB78BFDB45B52" blockId="82.[151,595,1520,1544]" box="[151,595,1520,1544]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276214FFB12DEFB78BFEC05B52" bold="true" box="[151,295,1520,1544]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Type-species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66214FFB12C56B78AFDB45B52" ID-CoL="4DKP5" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[302,595,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276214FFB12C56B78AFE2E5B52" bold="true" box="[302,457,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Parena bicolor</emphasis>
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Motschulsky
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6214FFB02DEFB44CFC415CD3" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356214FFB12DEFB44CFCB95A17" blockId="82.[151,1437,1591,2013]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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The subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66214FFB12C41B443FE6D5B0B" box="[313,394,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276214FFB12C41B443FE6D5B0B" box="[313,394,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Parena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6214FFB12CEAB44CFE2A5B0B" box="[402,461,1591,1617]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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includes twenty-three species, defined by the combination of the following characters: pronotum moderately transverse; mandibles strongly widened, semicircular; mentum with a pair of setae, very short in some species, lateral lobes narrow and short, apex slightly extending beyond epilobes, inner margins strongly oblique; accessory setae on antennomeres 1 and 2 absent or very short; elytral first pore on interval 3 close to base, on level of scutellar apex; gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly rectangular, apex with five to seven ensiform setae. However, all of the above characters are inferred to be plesiomorphic, so subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66214FFB1293BB497FB735A5F" box="[1091,1172,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276214FFB1293BB497FB735A5F" box="[1091,1172,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Parena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6214FFB129E4B490FB3F5A5F" box="[1180,1240,1771,1797]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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may be paraphyletic. Moreover, because the species of this subgenus are morphologically similar, treatment of these species as a subgenus is at least convenient for recognition in classification.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356214FFB02DBFB52CFE245D8F" blockId="82.[151,1437,1591,2013]" lastBlockId="83.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66214FFB12C45B523FE695A2B" box="[317,398,1880,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276214FFB12C45B523FE695A2B" box="[317,398,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Parena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the widest distributional range of the three subgenera. Thirteen species have Oriental-Australian distributions, with ten species confined to the Oriental Realm (some of them can reach to the south part of Palaearctic Realm), two to the Australian Realm, and one to both realms. Some of these species are very widely distributed in the Oriental Realm (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66214FFB12F33B5BFFD585A87" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[587,703,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276214FFB12F33B5BFFD585A87" box="[587,703,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">P. fasciata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), while others are restricted to certain islands (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66214FFB12987B5BFFA6B5A87" authorityName="Jedlicka, Philippine. Scale" authorityYear="1934" box="[1279,1420,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewesi">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276214FFB12987B5BFFA6B5A87" box="[1279,1420,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">P. andrewesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Ten species occur in the African Realm, with two of them endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A56215FFB02ECCB2ECFBDC5DEB" box="[948,1083,151,177]" name="Madagascar" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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and the other eight to the Sub-Saharan African mainland.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DBFB2A4FC415CD3" blockId="83.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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In the present work, we revise the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB02FBFB2A4FCFF5DA2" box="[711,792,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02FBFB2A4FCFF5DA2" box="[711,792,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Parena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with African and Oriental-Australian species separately, for the purpose of providing a taxonomy system easier for species determination. Otherwise, some species groups might be difficult to define. Three Oriental-Australian species groups and three African species groups are recognized, based mainly on the presence or absence of the suborbital setae and male genital characters, including the shape of the median lobe and the copulatory piece of the endophallus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6215FFB02DBFB3E9FDF75EB7" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DBFB3E9FDF75EB7" blockId="83.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02DBFB3E9FE2E5CF7" bold="true" box="[199,457,402,429]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
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. Dorsal surface reddish brown to piceous; elytra entirely reddish brown, with dark patch or lateral stripes, or entirely metallic green or bluish green. Tempora short, abruptly narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction approximately one-third of diameter of eye; antennomeres 1–3 with sparse very short accessory setae in most species; postgenae with or without suborbital setae; mandibles extremely widened, semicircular, retinacular ridge of right mandible reduced to retinacular tooth (
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06215FFB02E8DB058FBAB5F67" box="[1013,1100,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[158,1424,204,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,181,1830]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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); mentum with a pair of setae, very short in some species; lateral lobes short and wide, apically rounded, inner margins strongly oblique, outer margins slightly arcuate, epilobes relatively wide, apices not extending beyond lateral lobes. Pronotum moderately wide, PW/PL = 1.26–1.56, slightly wider than head in most species, PW/HW = 0.92–1.13; lateral explanations wide; lateral margins usually more or less sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles usually forming rounded angles. Elytral interval 3 with three setigerous pores, first pore close to elytra base, on level of scutellar apex; disc not, weakly, or strongly depressed near middle of interval 5, lateral sides slightly depressed near anterior third. Abdominal sternite VII often with two setae on each side, apex straight in females, usually more or less emarginate in males. Male mesotarsomere 1 usually with biseriate adhesive setae restricted on apical half (but without setae in five species), mesotarsomeres 2 and 3 usually with well-developed adhesive setae. Male genitalia with median lobe slender or stout; endophallus usually with large flared basal expansion of primary sclerite (except for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB02849B1F0FA7B5EFF" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[1329,1436,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02849B1F0FA7B5EFF" box="[1329,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group), squamate sheath largely and heavily scaled. Female ovipositor with gonocoxite II nearly rectangular, apex with five to seven ensiform setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6215FFB72DEFB644FA7B5F12" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="key">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB644FC0E5903" blockId="83.[151,1001,1086,1113]" box="[151,1001,1086,1113]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02DEFB644FC0E5903" bold="true" box="[151,1001,1086,1113]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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Key to Oriental-Australian species in subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB02F92B644FC0E5903" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" box="[746,1001,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02F92B644FCA55903" bold="true" box="[746,834,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Parena</emphasis>
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Motschulsky
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="30DADF906215FFB02DEFB6FFFA7B59AB" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB6FFFA7B59EC" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB6FFFA7B59EC" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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1. Postgenae with a pair of long suborbital setae, similar length as supraorbital setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06215FFB02976B6FFFBBD59C3" box="[1038,1114,1156,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); primary sclerite of endophallus linear, base not expanded (9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB02C83B6D9FDB059EC" ID-CoL="4DKP5" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[507,599,1185,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02C83B6D9FDB059EC" box="[507,599,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group).............................................................. 2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB6C4FA7B59AB" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB6C4FA7B59AB" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
- Postgenae without suborbital setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06215FFB02F3DB6C5FD775989" box="[581,656,1214,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,189,857]" captionTargetId="figure-28@10.[151,1436,181,857]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
), occasionally with a few short setae, distinctly shorter than supraorbital setae; primary sclerite of endophallus strongly expanded at base..................................................... 4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906215FFB02DEFB682FA7B5871" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB682FA7B5855" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" box="[151,1436,1273,1295]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB682FA7B5855" box="[151,1436,1273,1295]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
2. Elytra yellowish brown, disc usually with black patch....................................[26]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB029B0B682FA7B5855" ID-CoL="4DKPB" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1224,1436,1273,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB029B0B682FACA5855" bold="true" box="[1224,1325,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Chaudoir)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB76CFA7B5871" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" box="[151,1436,1302,1324]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB76CFA7B5871" box="[151,1436,1302,1324]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">- Elytra metallic green, with bluish or copperish hue in some specimens........................................... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906215FFB02DEFB74FFA7B58FB" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB74FFA7B583D" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB74FFA7B583D" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
3. Elytra without a median red patch, first interval entirely metallic green; median lobe of aedeagus with right margin very weakly sinuate before apical lamella in dorsal view; the Malay Archipelago........................[24]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB029C5B72AFA7B583D" ID-CoL="4DKP5" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1860" box="[1213,1436,1360,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB029C5B72AFAFD583C" bold="true" box="[1213,1306,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
Motschulsky
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB714FA7B58FB" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB714FA7B58FB" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
- Elytra with a median red patch one to four intervals wide, at least interval 1 red at middle; median lobe of aedeagus with right margin distinctly sinuate before apical lamella in dorsal view; Asian continent...........[25]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB029F8B7F7FA7B58FB" ID-CoL="4DKQC" authority="Andrewes, 1928" authorityName="Andrewes. A" authorityYear="1928" box="[1152,1436,1419,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripicta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB029F8B7F7FB1C58FB" bold="true" box="[1152,1275,1419,1441]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. rubripicta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBFBAC46215FFB02987B7F7FA7B58FB" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[1279,1436,1420,1442]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref109566" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1928) On the types of Oriental Carabidae described by V. de Motschulsky. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1928. tb 01185. x" type="journal article" year="1928">Andrewes, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906215FFB02DEFB7D2FA7B5B4C" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB7D2FA7B5886" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB7D2FA7B5886" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
4. Elytra not metallic, with or without black lateral stripes; apical lamella of aedeagus thin, apex bent dorsally in lateral view (10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB02D9AB7BCFE885881" ID-CoL="4DKPY" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[226,367,1478,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02D9AB7BCFE885881" box="[226,367,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group).................................................................................. 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB79FFA7B5B4C" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB79FFA7B5B4C" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
- Elytra with metallic green lateral stripes or completely metallic green; apical lamella of aedeagus coniform, apex not bent dorsally in lateral view (11.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB02CA8B479FDA15B4C" ID-CoL="4DKPP" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[464,582,1537,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02CA8B479FDA15B4C" box="[464,582,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. latecincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group)............................................................... 11
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906215FFB02DEFB465FA7B5B0B" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB465FA7B5B6E" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" box="[151,1436,1566,1588]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB465FA7B5B6E" box="[151,1436,1566,1588]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">5. Elytra yellowish brown to dark reddish brown, with black lateral stripes.......................................... 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB447FA7B5B0B" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" box="[151,1436,1596,1618]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB447FA7B5B0B" box="[151,1436,1596,1618]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">- Elytra completely yellowish brown to piceous or with light patch, without black stripes.............................. 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906215FFB02DEFB422FA7B5BF3" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB422FA7B5BD1" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB422FA7B5BD1" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
6. Tibiae and apex of femora black; elytra lateral margins and posterior half of epipleura black; median lobe of aedeagus stout (AL/AW 4.4–4.6) with very narrow apical lamella (LW much greater than LW); Borneo..............[30]
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB0287DB40CFA7B5BD1" bold="true" box="[1285,1436,1654,1676]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB0287DB40CFA875BD1" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[1285,1376,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picipes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB0287DB40CFA875BD1" bold="true" box="[1285,1376,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. picipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6215FFB0281EB40DFA7B5BD1" box="[1382,1436,1654,1675]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB4EFFA7B5BF3" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" box="[151,1436,1684,1706]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB4EFFA7B5BF3" box="[151,1436,1684,1706]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">- All legs entirely yellow; elytra lateral margins and epipleura yellow; male genitalia not as above...................... 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906215FFB02DEFB4CAFA7A5A44" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB4CAFA7B5BBE" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB4CAFA7B5BBE" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
7. Elytra with lateral black stripes ended before apex, not extended to interval 1; median lobe of aedeagus stout (AL/AW 3.8); Ryukyu Islands..............................................................[29]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB029F5B4B4FA7B5BBE" ID-CoL="4DKP3" authority="Habu" authorityName="Habu. Scale" authorityYear="1964" box="[1165,1436,1742,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amamiooshimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB029F5B4B4FA855BBE" bold="true" box="[1165,1378,1742,1764]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. amamiooshimensis</emphasis>
|
||
Habu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB497FA7A5A44" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB497FA7A5A44" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
- Elytra with lateral black stripes extended to interval 1, ended at sutural angle; media lobe of aedeagus slender (AL/AW 5.3– 6.0)................................................................... [27]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB02919B572FA875A45" ID-CoL="4DKPY" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1121,1376,1800,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02919B572FB165A44" bold="true" box="[1121,1265,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Chaudoir)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[part]
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906215FFB02DEFB55DFA7B5AC9" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB55DFA7B5A03" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB55DFA7B5A03" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">8. Dorsum yellowish to reddish brown; elytral disc with shallow depressions before middle of intervals 3 to 6; elytral striae well incised, intervals slightly convex......................................................................... 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB51AFA7B5AC9" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB51AFA7B5AC9" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">- Dorsum dark brown to piceous; elytral disc with larger and deeper depressions before middle of intervals 3 to 6; elytral striae very shallowly incised, intervals not convex............................................................... 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906215FFB02DEFB5E7FA7A5AB6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB5E7FA7A5A94" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB5E7FA7A5A94" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
9. Elytra yellowish brown; apical lamella of aedeagus narrower, LL slightly bigger than LW;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76215FFB02930B5E7FB705AE8" box="[1096,1175,1948,1970]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
Realm...................................................................................... [27]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB02919B5C2FA875A95" ID-CoL="4DKPY" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1121,1376,1976,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02919B5C2FB165A94" bold="true" box="[1121,1265,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. nigrolineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Chaudoir)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[part]
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356215FFB02DEFB5ACFA7A5AB6" blockId="83.[151,1437,1156,2028]" box="[151,1437,2006,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006215FFB02DEFB5ACFA7A5AB6" box="[151,1437,2006,2028]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
- Elytra dark reddish brown; apical lamella of aedeagus wider, LL subequal to LW; Australian Realm.. [28]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66215FFB02990B5ACFA7A5AB6" ID-CoL="4DKQ6" authority="(Macleay)" baseAuthorityName="Macleay" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1256,1437,2006,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276215FFB02990B5ACFAD35AB1" bold="true" box="[1256,1332,2006,2028]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. picea</emphasis>
|
||
(Macleay)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906212FFB72DEFB2E3FA7B5C5F" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356212FFB72DEFB2E3FA7A5D91" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,584]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006212FFB72DEFB2E3FA7A5D91" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
10. Dorsum dark brown, each elytron with three light brown patches; male abdominal sternite VII distinctly emarginate; the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56212FFB72823B2ECFEF25D91" name="Philippines" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
........................................................................... [31]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66212FFB729B4B2CEFA7A5D91" ID-CoL="4DKP4" authority="Jedlicka" authorityName="Jedlicka, Philippine. Scale" authorityYear="1934" box="[1228,1437,180,203]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276212FFB729B4B2CEFAAF5D90" bold="true" box="[1228,1352,180,202]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. andrewesi</emphasis>
|
||
Jedlička
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356212FFB72DEFB2A8FA7B5C5F" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,584]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006212FFB72DEFB2A8FA7B5C5F" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
- Dorsum uniformly dark brown to piceous, elytra without paler patches; male abdominal sternite VII weakly emarginate;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56212FFB72817B2A8FEA15C5F" name="New Caledonia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56212FFB72C37B28BFE475C5F" box="[335,416,240,261]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56212FFB72CD1B28BFE0D5C5F" box="[425,490,240,261]" name="Samoa" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
...................................................... [32]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66212FFB729D3B28BFA7B5C5F" ID-CoL="6TRGX" authority="(Chaudoir)" baseAuthorityName="Chaudoir" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1195,1436,239,261]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276212FFB729D3B28BFACA5C5F" bold="true" box="[1195,1325,239,261]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. politissima</emphasis>
|
||
(Chaudoir)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906212FFB72DEFB376FA7B5C07" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356212FFB72DEFB376FA7B5C65" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,584]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006212FFB72DEFB376FA7B5C65" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">11. Elytra reddish brown, with metallic green lateral stripes, with shallow isodiametric microsculpture, visible at least near apices of inner intervals..................................................................................... 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356212FFB72DEFB333FA7B5C07" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,584]" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006212FFB72DEFB333FA7B5C07" box="[151,1436,327,349]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">- Elytra entirely metallic green, without microsculpture....................................................... 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906212FFB72DEFB31EFA7B5C89" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356212FFB72DEFB31EFA7B5CCD" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,584]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006212FFB72DEFB31EFA7B5CCD" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
12. Elytral disc without metallic hue in brown area; elytral green stripes wider, extended medially at least to interval 6 at middle; male mesotarsomere 1 without adhesive setae ventrally.................................... [33]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66212FFB729A1B3F9FA7B5CCD" ID-CoL="4DKPP" authority="(Bates)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1241,1436,386,408]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latecincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276212FFB729A1B3F9FAB65CC2" bold="true" box="[1241,1361,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. latecincta</emphasis>
|
||
(Bates)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356212FFB72DEFB3DBFA7B5C89" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,584]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006212FFB72DEFB3DBFA7B5C89" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
- Elytral disc with strong purple metallic hue in brown area; elytral green stripes narrower, extended medially only to interval 7 at middle; male mesotarsomere 1 with adhesive setae ventrally near apex.................... [34]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66212FFB729BFB3C6FA7B5C89" ID-CoL="4DKP7" authority="Shibata" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[1223,1436,444,467]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumdata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276212FFB729BFB3C6FAA95C88" bold="true" box="[1223,1358,444,466]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. circumdata</emphasis>
|
||
Shibata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30DADF906212FFB72DEFB3A1FA7B5F12" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356212FFB72DEFB3A1FA7B5F57" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,584]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006212FFB72DEFB3A1FA7B5F57" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
13. Elytra without reddish copper lustre; abdominal sternum reddish brown to dark brown; elytral striae distinctly incised; elytral disc with shallow but distinct depressions near basal third;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56212FFB72E60B38CFCB65F57" box="[792,849,503,525]" name="China" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
............................[35]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66212FFB729ACB383FA7B5F57" ID-CoL="4DKPV" authority="Shibata" authorityName="Shibata" authorityYear="1987" box="[1236,1436,503,525]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276212FFB729ACB383FAA85F57" bold="true" box="[1236,1359,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
Shibata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356212FFB72DEFB06EFA7B5F12" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,584]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DF64006212FFB72DEFB06EFA7B5F12" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
- Elytra with strong reddish copper lustre on humeri and apices; abdominal sternum piceous; elytral striae barely incised; elytral disc with very faint depressions near basal third; Borneo............................... [36]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66212FFB729D0B049FA7B5F12" ID-CoL="4DKQ3" authority="Andrewes" authorityName="Andrewes, Borneo. U" authorityYear="1931" box="[1192,1436,562,584]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendleburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276212FFB729D0B049FAD25F12" bold="true" box="[1192,1333,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. pendleburyi</emphasis>
|
||
Andrewes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |