468 lines
60 KiB
XML
468 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="72C56D9A158C97B42CEF5538D566C25F" ID-CLB-Dataset="134452" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fe084ed-d367-4d5a-9ed0-48882760ba96" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267833" ID-ZooBank="7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629915050425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2013" docId="0385994AFF87FFDA9BFDFF09FAE9B820" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03724p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3724 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Platylesches Holland 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFBCE132FFBEFFE09B6AFF91FFD5BA40" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1699144858824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="99EF939294717F3501A8C5A92AA64462">
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<mods:title id="8AED48A3C10957B284350C649B3E1419">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D8D4EA4CC4C3BFC1D39E1EB3DA4CE590" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="30C4E94F678032A16AC6C81DC97E8253">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93D3A76A6E5EEB732C431D2328DC2D87">C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2A2EE11C101B16DA2B48AE1517812F6E" type="email">m.cock@cabi.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="574FEFBBCDF870EB12E6FDAE095A78E6">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="21107D6929F63D97B84F55CD42552834">African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="91F9AB1F4050F528F311B782FB67CF3F" type="email">colin.congdon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A2E9E38F7D1BC1E3C74421C294DE98F5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F2F6A110C062D69F66E35BB892AE6904">
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<mods:date id="3393F8490B53FC09387288E019E6CF22">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="186A5704583BE25A28106B4BA0F532EB">2013-10-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AB2F2F793A8CA7E4C5D47D0FE678B21E">3724</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D39B88986512F9063A83B5BAC9F99CA9">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="0385994AFF87FFDA9BFDFF09FAE9B820" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7044084" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199911027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7044084" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF87FFDA9BFDFF09FAE9B820" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385994AFF87FFDA9BFDFF09FAE9B820" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF87FFD99BFDFF09FE34BAF2" box="[151,481,152,178]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF87FFD99BFDFF09FE34BAF2" blockId="57.[151,481,152,178]" box="[151,481,152,178]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="D0DB9F30FF87FFD99BFDFF09FE34BAF2" bold="true" box="[151,481,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99BFDFF09FE34BAF2" ID-CoL="92K5R" authority="Holland, 1896" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,481,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99BFDFF09FE34BAF2" bold="true" box="[151,481,152,178]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99BFDFF09FEFEBAF2" bold="true" box="[151,299,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99A58FF09FE34BAF2" author="Holland" box="[306,481,152,178]" firstAuthor="Holland" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="2 - 107" refId="ref43303" refString="Holland, W. J. (1896) A preliminary revision and synonymic catalogue of the Hesperiidae of Africa and the adjacent islands, with descriptions of some apparently new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896, 2 - 107, plates I - V. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1896. tb 03030. x" type="journal article" year="1896">
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD99A58FF09FE4CBAF2" box="[306,409,152,178]" name="Netherlands" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Holland</collectingCountry>
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, 1896
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</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF87FFD99BFDFF47FE53B9D9" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF87FFD99BFDFF47FE53B9D9" blockId="57.[151,1436,214,2033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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This is a genus of at least 20 species, which is restricted to sub-Saharan Africa, and is in need of revision (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99E24FF47FF01BB53" author="Larsen" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. & 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). Early last century, Dollman (unpublished) reared
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD998FCFF6BFBF1BB53" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[918,1060,250,275]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD998FCFF6BFBF1BB53" box="[918,1060,250,275]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99FE5FF6AFA49BB53" box="[1167,1436,250,275]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99FE5FF6AFA49BB53" box="[1167,1436,250,275]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parinari curatellifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99BF4FE8FFEBABB77" box="[158,367,286,311]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chrysobalanaceae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99A17FE8FFDC4BB77" box="[381,529,286,311]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Malpighiales</taxonomicName>
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) in
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD9992EFE8FFD49BB77" box="[580,668,286,311]" name="Zambia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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, but this record was never published. The
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99FF8FE8FFA8BBB77" box="[1170,1374,286,311]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chrysobalanaceae</taxonomicName>
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food plants were only rediscovered in the last 30 years. All known food plants are in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99F5EFED3FAD6BB1B" box="[1076,1283,322,347]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chrysobalanaceae</taxonomicName>
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, and the great majority of records are from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99AB1FEF6FDA5BB3D" box="[475,624,358,382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99AB1FEF6FDEEBB3E" box="[475,571,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parinari</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD9991DFEF6FCA5BB3E" box="[631,880,357,382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD9991DFEF6FCA5BB3E" box="[631,880,357,382]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parinari curatellifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a large spreading tree up to
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<quantity id="4CD485B9FF87FFD99FADFEF4FB2EBB3E" box="[1223,1275,357,382]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="13.0">13m</quantity>
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, characteristic of sandy soils and open deciduous woodland and is seldom cut down as its fruit (mbolola plum) is valued by local people (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99B9AFE3CFE42BB86" author="Palgrave" box="[240,407,429,454]" firstAuthor="Palgrave" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref44705" refString="Palgrave, K. C. (1983) Trees of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa, 959 pp." type="book" year="1983">Palgrave 1983</bibRefCitation>
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). It is found through tropical Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD9985CFE3CFB72BB86" author="National Research Council" box="[822,1191,429,454]" firstAuthor="National Research Council" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref44577" refString="National Research Council (2008) Lost crops of Africa. Vol. 3. Fruits. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 354 pp." type="book" year="2008">National Research Council 2008</bibRefCitation>
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) to south-west
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD99E39FE3FFA49BB86" box="[1363,1436,430,454]" name="Kenya" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99BF4FE40FEE2BBAA" author="Beentje" box="[158,311,465,490]" firstAuthor="Beentje" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref41273" refString="Beentje, H. (1994) Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya, 722 pp." type="book" year="1994">Beentje 1994</bibRefCitation>
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) and south to northern
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD99928FE40FD07BBAA" box="[578,722,465,490]" name="South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99988FE40FC5FBBAA" author="Palgrave" box="[738,906,465,490]" firstAuthor="Palgrave" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref44705" refString="Palgrave, K. C. (1983) Trees of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa, 959 pp." type="book" year="1983">Palgrave 1983</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD998F5FE40FB43BBAA" box="[927,1174,465,490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Maranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD998F5FE40FB43BBAA" box="[927,1174,465,490]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Maranthes floribunda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a tree of Zambezian woodland (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99A73FE64FE3BB84E" author="White" box="[281,494,501,526]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="White" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref46509" refString="White, F., Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & Chapman, J. D. (2001) Evergreen Forest Flora of Malawi. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK, 708 pp." type="book" year="2001">
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White
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99A06FE67FE74B84E" box="[364,417,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
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. 2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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) that can easily be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD998FAFE67FB81B84E" box="[912,1108,501,526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD998FAFE67FB81B84E" box="[912,1108,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99F02FE67FAFDB84E" box="[1128,1320,501,526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99F02FE67FAFDB84E" box="[1128,1320,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parinari excelsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is a tree associated with forests through West Africa, east to
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD99985FD88FC86B872" box="[751,851,537,562]" name="Tanzania" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(not
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD998FEFD88FC0AB872" box="[916,991,537,562]" name="Kenya" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
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) and south to
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD99FECFD88FAC8B872" box="[1158,1309,537,562]" name="Mozambique" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, as well as
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<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD99BFDFDACFEF2B816" box="[151,295,573,598]" name="South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99A5CFDACFE6AB816" author="White" box="[310,447,573,598]" firstAuthor="White" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="33 - 48" refId="ref46480" refString="White, F. (1978) Chrysobalanaceae. In: Laumnert, E. (Ed.), Flora Zambasiaca, 4, 33 - 48." type="journal article" year="1978">White 1978</bibRefCitation>
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), and is used as a food plant by
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99842FDACFC4DB816" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[808,920,573,598]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99842FDACFC4DB816" box="[808,920,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. galesa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A third species occurring mainly in southern Africa is the low growing (suffrutex)
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99956FDF3FD1FB839" box="[572,714,610,633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99956FDF3FD1FB839" box="[572,714,610,633]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pa. capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, found in sandy areas (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD998A5FDF0FBA1B83A" author="Palgrave" box="[975,1140,609,634]" firstAuthor="Palgrave" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref44705" refString="Palgrave, K. C. (1983) Trees of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa, 959 pp." type="book" year="1983">Palgrave 1983</bibRefCitation>
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), which in suitable habitat can be found as far north as the Mpanda and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF87FFD999E3FD14FD03B8DE" box="[649,726,645,670]" country="Tanzania" name="Tabora" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tabora</collectingRegion>
|
||
Regions of western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD998D0FD14FBCBB8DE" box="[954,1054,645,670]" name="Tanzania" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
(K. Vollesen, pers. comm., 2013). Recently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99A6DFD38FE6DB880" box="[263,440,681,704]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Maranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goetzeniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99A6DFD38FE6DB880" box="[263,440,681,704]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">M. goetzeniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found abundantly in Mabu forest in Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD99F48FD39FB60B881" box="[1058,1205,680,705]" name="Mozambique" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
—it was previously thought to be an Usambara endemic. Other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD9999CFD5DFCBAB8A5" box="[758,879,716,741]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Maranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD9999CFD5DFCBAB8A5" box="[758,879,716,741]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Maranthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in West Africa—one having been recorded as a food plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99A05FD61FE2EB949" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[367,507,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99A05FD61FE2EB949" box="[367,507,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD9994FFD61FD6BB949" box="[549,702,752,777]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD999A5FD61FCABB949" author="Vuattoux" box="[719,894,752,777]" firstAuthor="Vuattoux" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="562 - 568" refId="ref46285" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99F30FD60FB6FB948" baseAuthorityName="Tropicos" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1114,1210,753,776]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99F30FD60FB6FB948" box="[1114,1210,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parinari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99F9CFD61FABAB949" box="[1270,1391,752,777]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Maranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99F9CFD61FABAB949" box="[1270,1391,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Maranthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are likely to be food plants. In addition to the eight species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99822FC85FC01B96D" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[840,980,788,813]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99822FC85FC01B96D" box="[840,980,788,813]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we have documented below, two other species are known to feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD9997BFCA9FD35B911" box="[529,736,824,849]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chrysobalanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99843FCA9FAF6B911" authority="Henning & Henning, 1997" authorityName="Henning & Henning" authorityYear="1997" box="[809,1315,824,849]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolomitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99843FCA9FC05B911" box="[809,976,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. dolomitica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD998B4FCA9FAF6B911" author="Henning, G. A. & Henning, S. F." box="[990,1315,824,849]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. & Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">Henning & Henning, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is considered ‘vulnerable’ in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF87FFD99AADFCCDFD46B935" box="[455,659,860,885]" country="South Africa" name="Gauteng" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Gauteng Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD999CAFCCDFCE6B935" box="[672,819,860,885]" name="South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is suspected to feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99F23FCCCFB02B934" box="[1097,1239,861,884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99F23FCCCFB02B934" box="[1097,1239,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pa. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99F8DFCCDFA4DB935" author="Woodhall, S." bookContentInfo="440 pp." box="[1255,1432,860,885]" journalOrPublisher="Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref47013" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." title="Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa" type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99BFDFC11FEAFB9D9" author="Henning" box="[151,378,896,921]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Henning" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref42980" refString="Henning, G. A., Terblanche, R. F. & Ball, J. B. (2009) South African Red Data Book: butterflies. SANBI Biodiversity Series 13. Pretoria, South Africa, SANBI (South African National Biodiversity Institute), 158 pp." type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Henning
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99B94FC10FEFAB9D9" box="[254,303,896,921]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF87FFDA9BADFC35FAE9B820" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF87FFD99BADFC35FB1CBE0C" blockId="57.[151,1436,214,2033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
There are no food plant records from other plant taxa, except for an early record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF87FFD99FD7FC35FA85B9FD" box="[1213,1360,932,957]" name="South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99E16FC35FF35B9A0" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99E16FC35FF35B9A0" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. galesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99A06FC56FDF4B9A0" box="[364,545,967,992]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99A06FC56FDF4B9A0" box="[364,545,967,992]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ehrharta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other grasses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD9986AFC56FC49B9A0" author="Murray" box="[768,924,967,992]" firstAuthor="Murray" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="219 - 227" refId="ref44540" refString="Murray, D. (1959) The genitalia and food-plants of the South African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Durban Museum Novitates, 5, 219 - 227, plates i - iii." type="journal article" year="1959">Murray 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which has been repeated in the subsequent literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99A67FC7AFDF5BE44" author="Dickson & Kroon" box="[269,544,1003,1028]" firstAuthor="Dickson" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref41976" refString="Dickson, C. G. C. & Kroon, D. M. (Eds.) (1978) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. A. D. Donker, Johannesburg, South Africa, 670 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dickson & Kroon 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99944FC7AFD06BE44" author="Kielland" box="[558,723,1003,1028]" firstAuthor="Kielland" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref43661" refString="Kielland, J. (1990) Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne, Australia, 363 pp." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD9998AFC7DFCA5BE44" author="Larsen" box="[736,880,1003,1028]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99814FC7AFB8FBE44" author="Ackery" box="[894,1114,1003,1028]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ackery" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref41160" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Ackery
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD998B0FC7DFBD8BE44" box="[986,1037,1003,1028]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, in light of more recent records from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99AEBFB81FDCEBE67" box="[385,539,1040,1063]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99AEBFB81FE34BE67" box="[385,481,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Parinari</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, grasses are now considered doubtful (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD998B1FB9EFB7DBE68" author="Heath" box="[987,1192,1039,1064]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref42672" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Heath
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99F40FB81FB88BE68" box="[1066,1117,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or incorrect (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99E24FB9EFF07BE0C" author="Larsen" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. & 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99BB7FBA2FE58BE0C" author="Woodhall, S." bookContentInfo="440 pp." box="[221,397,1075,1100]" journalOrPublisher="Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref47013" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." title="Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa" type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We agree that all records of grasses as food plants should be discounted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF87FFD99BADFBC9FB77BEBF" blockId="57.[151,1436,214,2033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
In this series of papers, we have followed the leaf shelter classification and terminology of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99FB2FBC6FF34BED4" author="Greeney & Jones" firstAuthor="Greeney" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="27 - 36" refId="ref42526" refString="Greeney, H. F. & Jones, M. T. (2003) Shelter building in the Hesperiidae: A classification scheme for larval shelters. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 37 (1998), 27 - 36." type="journal article" year="2003">Greeney & Jones (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99A76FBEAFE04BED4" author="Greeney" box="[284,465,1147,1172]" firstAuthor="Greeney" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="53 - 59" refId="ref42483" refString="Greeney, H. F. (2009) A revised classification scheme for larval hesperiid shelters, with comments on shelter diversity in the Pyrginae. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 41 (2002), 53 - 59." type="journal article" year="2009">Greeney (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, summarised in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD999E7FBEAFCCBBED4" author="Cock" box="[653,798,1147,1172]" firstAuthor="Cock" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref41529" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (2010) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae. Zootaxa, 2547, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="2010">Cock (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which is based on shelter construction, particularly the number of main cuts used to make a shelter.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD999F7FB0FFC4FBEF7" author="Congdon" box="[669,922,1182,1207]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="160 - 164" refId="ref41841" refString="Congdon, C., Bampton, I. & Collins, S. (2008) Early stages and larval shelters of some Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 19, 160 - 164." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Congdon
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99866FB31FC95BEF7" box="[780,832,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also considered this question, and adopted a functional approach to the classification of leaf shelters, summarised in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD998D5FB52FB33BE9C" author="Cock & Congdon" box="[959,1254,1219,1244]" firstAuthor="Cock" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref41571" refString="Cock, M. J. W. & Congdon, T. C. E. (2011 a) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 2. Pyrginae: Tagiadini. Zootaxa, 2893, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">Cock & Congdon (2011a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This functional classification is especially relevant to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD999D8FB77FCEBBEBF" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[690,830,1254,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD999D8FB77FCEBBEBF" box="[690,830,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and so is presented here again.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF87FFD99BADFA9BFC39BF95" blockId="57.[151,1436,214,2033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99BADFA9BFE32BF63" bold="true" box="[199,487,1290,1315]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tube or tubular shelters</emphasis>
|
||
. The caterpillar folds or rolls a leaf, and eats the leaf from the apex back towards the base, extending the shelter backwards as it goes. When it reaches the base of the leaf it moves to a new one and repeats the process until fully fed. Some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD999B8FAC3FC8DBF2B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[722,856,1362,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hesperiinae">Hesperiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
which feed on dicotyledons do this, including some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99BFDFAE7FE8EBFCE" box="[151,347,1398,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99BFDFAE7FEF6BFCF" box="[151,291,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
These
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99ADBFAE7FDA0BFCE" box="[433,629,1398,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99ADBFAE7FDE8BFCF" box="[433,573,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD999B7FAE7FC77BFCE" box="[733,930,1398,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Andronymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD999B7FAE7FCBCBFCF" box="[733,873,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Andronymus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
treated above feed on flush leaves near the growing point of the plant, completing development quickly before the leaves harden. The following tube shelter builders are treated below:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99AADFA2CFDE2BF96" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[455,567,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99AADFA2CFDE2BF96" box="[455,567,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. galesa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD9992FFA2CFD15BF96" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[581,704,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD9992FFA2CFD15BF96" box="[581,704,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD999A4FA2CFCFEBF96" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[718,811,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD999A4FA2CFCFEBF96" box="[718,811,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. neba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99808FA2CFC30BF96" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1894" box="[866,997,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picanini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99808FA2CFC30BF96" box="[866,997,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. picanini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF87FFD99BADFA70FD47BCB4" blockId="57.[151,1436,214,2033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99BADFA70FE73BFBA" bold="true" box="[199,422,1505,1530]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Chamber shelters.</emphasis>
|
||
The caterpillar makes a more or less permanent shelter often in more mature foliage, coming out primarily at night to feed, and returning to the chamber during the day. The caterpillar only makes a new shelter when it outgrows the old one, or when the food source becomes too distant. Most Pyrginae do this (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99BF4F9DCFECABC26" author="Cock" box="[158,287,1613,1638]" firstAuthor="Cock" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref41529" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (2010) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae. Zootaxa, 2547, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="2010">Cock 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF87FFD99A47F9DCFD93BC26" author="Cock & Congdon" box="[301,582,1613,1638]" firstAuthor="Cock" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref41571" refString="Cock, M. J. W. & Congdon, T. C. E. (2011 a) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 2. Pyrginae: Tagiadini. Zootaxa, 2893, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">Cock & Congdon 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b) and so do some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99859F9DCFC22BC25" box="[819,1015,1613,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99859F9DCFC6ABC26" box="[819,959,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
These species usually develop more slowly, perhaps because mature foliage is less nutritious. A rearing container containing a single tube species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99BFDF904FEF6BCEE" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,291,1685,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99BFDF904FEF6BCEE" box="[151,291,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
caterpillar will contain more frass in the morning than a container of a dozen chamber species caterpillars. Of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99A1AF928FDE7BC91" box="[368,562,1721,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99A1AF928FE29BC92" box="[368,508,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose biology is now known, the following are chamber makers:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99E48F928FA40BC91" authorityName="Trimen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1314,1429,1721,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ayresii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99E48F928FA40BC91" box="[1314,1429,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. ayresii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99BFDF94CFF2BBCB6" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,254,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99BFDF94CFF2BBCB6" box="[151,254,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. langa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99A66F94CFE5FBCB6" authorityName="Neave" authorityYear="1910" box="[268,394,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99A66F94CFE5FBCB6" box="[268,394,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99AF3F94CFDD6BCB6" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[409,515,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99AF3F94CFDD6BCB6" box="[409,515,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. shona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99953F94CFD59BCB5" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[569,652,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99953F94CFD59BCB5" box="[569,652,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. tina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF87FFD99BADF890FD35BDB1" blockId="57.[151,1436,214,2033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
In TCEC’s experience, the tube-making
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD999E7F891FC9BBD58" box="[653,846,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD999E7F891FCCCBD59" box="[653,793,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not pupate in their shelters, and he has not found their pupae in the wild. If the caterpillars are sleeved out, pupae are found amongst leaf litter in the bottom of the bag or in silk lined cocoons in folds of the bag near the bottom, suggesting that they would normally pupate in litter on the ground. In captivity, the old tubes might constitute leaf litter and be incorporated into a pupation chamber, but caterpillars often pupate under leaves on the bottom of the box. Chamber-making
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD99F15F801FA90BDE8" box="[1151,1349,1936,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD99F15F801FADEBDE9" box="[1151,1291,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the other hand, invariably pupate in their shelters, closing the shelter entrances with a circle of elongate triangular flaps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF87FFD99BF4F849FEF9BDB1" box="[158,300,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 64" captionStartId="60.[151,249,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-251@60.[151,1436,303,1365]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 64. Early stages of Platylesches ayresii on Parinari capensis, South Africa, TCEC. 1, leaf shelter of second instar caterpillar, Krugersdorf, 9 Oct 2010; 2, leaf shelter of pupa, view of the entrance and valve, 12 Dec 2010, Krugersdorp; 3, penultimate instar caterpillar, frontal view of head, 23 Sep 2008, Krugersdorp; 4, caterpillar, frontal view, undated, Krugersdorp; 5, pupa, dorsal view, 1 Oct 2008, Krugersdorp; 6, pupa lateral view, as #4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267970" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267970/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figures 64.2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF87FFD99A09F849FE43BDB1" box="[355,406,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="63.[151,249,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-248@63.[151,1436,191,1402]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURE 68. Life history of Platylesches langa, collected mostly on Parinari capensis but also on Pa. curatellifolia, Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika, Zambia, and subsequently reared on Pa. curatellifolia, TCEC. 1, early leaf shelters, 17 Sep 2008; 2, leaf shelter of pupa showing entrance valve, 13 Sep 2010; 3–6, mature caterpillar, 28 Jan 2009: 3, dorsal view; 4, lateral view; 5–6, detail of head, frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267978/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">68.2</figureCitation>
|
||
) or loose threads (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF87FFD9990FF849FD1ABDB1" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[613,719,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shona">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF87FFD9990FF849FD1ABDB1" box="[613,719,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pl. shona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF84FFDA9BADFF06FAE9B820" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,608]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
TCEC has reared a further three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9951FF06FD28BAEF" box="[571,765,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9951FF06FD12BAF0" box="[571,711,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from tube shelters on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9897FF08FB68BAF0" box="[1021,1213,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9897FF08FB68BAF0" box="[1021,1213,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9F8EFF06FA9EBAF0" box="[1252,1355,151,176]" name="Tanzania" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which belong to the group which includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA994CFF2DFCD5BA95" authority="Evans, 1937" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[550,768,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA994CFF2DFDBABA94" box="[550,623,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pl. iva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF84FFDA991CFF2DFCD5BA95" author="Evans" box="[630,768,188,213]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA985CFF2DFBA4BA95" authority="Strand, 1920" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1920" box="[822,1137,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA985CFF2DFC9ABA95" box="[822,847,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pl</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9837FF2DFC0DBA95" box="[861,984,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">affinissima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF84FFDA98B4FF2DFBA4BA95" author="Strand" box="[990,1137,188,213]" firstAuthor="Strand" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="113 - 172" refId="ref45782" refString="Strand, E. (1920) Systematisch-faunistische Beitrage zur Kenntniss exotische Heterocera und Grypocera auf Grund von Material des Deutschen Entomologischen Museums. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A, 86 (7), 113 - 172." type="journal article" year="1920">Strand, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9F11FF2DFAFABA94" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[1147,1327,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9F11FF2DFAFABA94" box="[1147,1327,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Platylesches iva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9BBDFF71FE89BAB8" box="[215,348,223,248]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9AACFF4EFDCFBAB8" box="[454,538,223,248]" name="Nigeria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9929FF4EFD48BAB8" box="[579,669,223,248]" name="Uganda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA99C0FF4EFD2ABAB8" box="[682,767,223,248]" name="Malawi" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9851FF4EFC76BAB8" box="[827,931,223,248]" name="Tanzania" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it is reported from a single butterfly from Dendene Forest, south of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF84FFDA9965FE95FD6BBB5D" box="[527,702,260,285]" country="Tanzania" name="Dar es Salaam" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Dar es Salaam</collectingRegion>
|
||
, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF84FFDA9856FE95FC35BB5D" author="Larsen" box="[828,992,260,285]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. & 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
doubts the identity of this specimen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9BFDFEB6FE72BB00" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,423,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9BFDFEB6FE72BB00" box="[151,423,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Platylesches affinissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from West Africa to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA987BFEB6FCBCBB00" box="[785,873,295,320]" name="Malawi" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA981DFEB6FBDEBB00" box="[887,1035,295,320]" name="Mozambique" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9F2FFEB6FB15BB00" box="[1093,1216,295,320]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
; in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF84FFDA9F87FEB6FA84BB00" box="[1261,1361,295,320]" name="Tanzania" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
it is a western butterfly, with a possible record from the Uluguru Mountains in the east. These caterpillars are rare in TCEC’s experience, and the three raised appear not to agree exactly with either of the two named species. This material, including adults, was documented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF84FFDA99CDFE05FC77BBED" author="Congdon" box="[679,930,404,429]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="160 - 164" refId="ref41841" refString="Congdon, C., Bampton, I. & Collins, S. (2008) Early stages and larval shelters of some Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 19, 160 - 164." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Congdon
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA987CFE04FC9DBBED" box="[790,840,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and repeated here for completeness.
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF84FFDA9E22FE05FEE4BB90" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="58.[151,249,1049,1071]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-485@58.[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 62. Heads of final instar caterpillars of the Platylesches iva and Pl. affinissima group, collected on Parinari curatellifolia, Tanzania, TCEC. 1, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Rondo Plateau, 28 Feb 2007; 2, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Kihansi Gorge, at the foot of the Udzungwa escarpment, about 350m, 28 Nov 2007; 3–4, Pl. sp. close to iva, Kihansi Gorge, 25 Nov 2007, 22 Feb 2008." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267966/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figures 62.1 and 62.2</figureCitation>
|
||
were each reared once. The narrow head of
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF84FFDA9859FE26FC15BB90" box="[819,960,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="58.[151,249,1049,1071]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-485@58.[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 62. Heads of final instar caterpillars of the Platylesches iva and Pl. affinissima group, collected on Parinari curatellifolia, Tanzania, TCEC. 1, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Rondo Plateau, 28 Feb 2007; 2, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Kihansi Gorge, at the foot of the Udzungwa escarpment, about 350m, 28 Nov 2007; 3–4, Pl. sp. close to iva, Kihansi Gorge, 25 Nov 2007, 22 Feb 2008." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267966/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figures 62.2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF84FFDA9892FE26FBD3BB90" box="[1016,1030,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,249,817,839]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,207,796]" captionTargetId="figure-246@9.[151,1436,195,796]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Leaf shelters of Gorgyra bibulus on Rourea thomsonii, collected 4 Jul 1998, Gatamayu Forest, Kenya; the lines in the background are 8mm apart. 1, stage 1 shelter on left, 98/201E; stage 2 shelter on right, 98/201F; 2, stage 3 shelter, 98/201C; 3, pupal shelter, 98/201A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267847/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">6</figureCitation>
|
||
is unlike any other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9F82FE26FA49BB8F" box="[1256,1436,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9F82FE26FAA1BB90" box="[1256,1396,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Platylesches</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and we do not believe it can represent the same species as
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF84FFDA9823FE4DFC05BBB5" box="[841,976,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="58.[151,249,1049,1071]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-485@58.[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 62. Heads of final instar caterpillars of the Platylesches iva and Pl. affinissima group, collected on Parinari curatellifolia, Tanzania, TCEC. 1, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Rondo Plateau, 28 Feb 2007; 2, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Kihansi Gorge, at the foot of the Udzungwa escarpment, about 350m, 28 Nov 2007; 3–4, Pl. sp. close to iva, Kihansi Gorge, 25 Nov 2007, 22 Feb 2008." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267966/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figure 62.1</figureCitation>
|
||
, yet the adults both come closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9E16FE4DFEC7B858" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9E16FE4DFEC7B858" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pl. affinissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although that of
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF84FFDA9AB6FE6EFD8BB858" box="[476,606,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="58.[151,249,1049,1071]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-485@58.[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 62. Heads of final instar caterpillars of the Platylesches iva and Pl. affinissima group, collected on Parinari curatellifolia, Tanzania, TCEC. 1, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Rondo Plateau, 28 Feb 2007; 2, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Kihansi Gorge, at the foot of the Udzungwa escarpment, about 350m, 28 Nov 2007; 3–4, Pl. sp. close to iva, Kihansi Gorge, 25 Nov 2007, 22 Feb 2008." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267966/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figure 62.2</figureCitation>
|
||
is small.
|
||
<figureCitation id="131734D9FF84FFDA99A7FE6EFCA3B858" box="[717,886,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 62" captionStartId="58.[151,249,1049,1071]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-485@58.[151,1436,661,1028]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 62. Heads of final instar caterpillars of the Platylesches iva and Pl. affinissima group, collected on Parinari curatellifolia, Tanzania, TCEC. 1, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Rondo Plateau, 28 Feb 2007; 2, Pl. sp. close to affinissima, Kihansi Gorge, at the foot of the Udzungwa escarpment, about 350m, 28 Nov 2007; 3–4, Pl. sp. close to iva, Kihansi Gorge, 25 Nov 2007, 22 Feb 2008." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267966/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figures 62.3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
show another species reared twice, the adults of which are close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA9A07FDB5FE62B87C" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[365,439,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF84FFDA9A07FDB5FE62B87C" box="[365,439,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pl. iva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The taxonomy of these specimens has yet to be resolved, but will be addressed in T.B. Larsen’s revision of the Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF84FFDA995DFDD6FD15B820" box="[567,704,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hesperiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or in an anticipated addendum part to the present series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |