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<document id="829FFF28D91A2DB9D11A0C31E1F8A19E" ID-CLB-Dataset="134452" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fe084ed-d367-4d5a-9ed0-48882760ba96" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267833" ID-ZooBank="7D05BB2E-4373-4AFB-8DD3-ABE203D3BEC1" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629915050425" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. &amp; Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2013" docId="0385994AFF80FFA59BFDFB58FCDCBE17" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03724p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3724 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Platylesches moritili Wallengren 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FFBCE132FFBEFFE09B6AFF91FFD5BA40" masterDocTitle="Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1699144858824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A1E63B2D0F2FB1355D31C5DC8300A903">Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon Feeders</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7143A7BB4DEF46E99ADD5CC659A4652B">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A09A835115D825602AE469688C569AFB">C / o CABI Europe - UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, TW 20 9 TY, UK (e-mail: m. cock @ cabi. org; mjwcock @ btinternet. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FB7EA04C60B86D2F201625040E982AEF">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ED2211BFDBCEDA6366867AF31425451E">African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), P. O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya (e-mail: colin. congdon @ gmail. com)</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C3367BD7FF80FFDE9BFDFB58FDB8BEA3" box="[151,621,1225,1251]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF80FFDE9BFDFB58FDB8BEA3" blockId="62.[151,621,1225,1251]" box="[151,621,1225,1251]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D0DB9F30FF80FFDE9BFDFB58FDB8BEA3" bold="true" box="[151,621,1225,1251]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF80FFDE9BFDFB58FDB8BEA3" ID-CoL="4JSBZ" authority="Wallengren, 1857" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,621,1225,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF80FFDE9BFDFB58FDB8BEA3" bold="true" box="[151,621,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Platylesches moritili
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF80FFDE9AF9FB58FDB8BEA3" author="Wallengren" box="[403,621,1225,1251]" firstAuthor="Wallengren" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46313" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1857) Kafferlandets Dagfjarilar indsamlede aren 1838 - 1845 af J. A. Wahlberg. Kafferlandets Dag-Fjarilar, insamlade aren 1838 - 1845 af J. A. Wahlberg (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, in Terra Caffrorum annis 1838 - 1845 collecta a J. A. Wahlberg). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar (n. s.), 2 (4), 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13860" type="journal article" year="1857">Wallengren, 1857</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B93285CFF80FFDE9BFDFA81FD25BFD5" blockId="62.[151,1436,1296,1897]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Described from ‘Caffraria’ (southern Africa) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF80FFDE99C8FA81FCBCBF69" author="Wallengren" box="[674,873,1296,1321]" firstAuthor="Wallengren" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref46313" refString="Wallengren, H. D. J. (1857) Kafferlandets Dagfjarilar indsamlede aren 1838 - 1845 af J. A. Wahlberg. Kafferlandets Dag-Fjarilar, insamlade aren 1838 - 1845 af J. A. Wahlberg (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, in Terra Caffrorum annis 1838 - 1845 collecta a J. A. Wahlberg). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar (n. s.), 2 (4), 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13860" type="journal article" year="1857">Wallengren 1857</bibRefCitation>
), this species in widespread through West Africa, east to
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF80FFDE9B80FAA4FEE3BF0D" box="[234,310,1333,1357]" name="Kenya" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, and south to northern
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF80FFDE992AFAA5FD07BF0D" box="[576,722,1332,1357]" name="South Africa" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF80FFDE9988FAA5FCB9BF0D" author="Evans" box="[738,876,1332,1357]" firstAuthor="Evans" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref42161" refString="Evans, W. H. (1937) A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 212 pp, 30 plates." type="book" year="1937">Evans 1937</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF80FFDE9812FAA4FBDCBF0D" author="Larsen" box="[888,1033,1332,1357]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF80FFDE9F74FAA4FB6BBF0D" author="Larsen" box="[1054,1214,1332,1357]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
records it from the Kavirondo area of
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF80FFDE9A10FAC8FE13BF31" box="[378,454,1369,1393]" name="Kenya" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, but not elsewhere in that country. However, ABRI collectors have since found it breeding on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF80FFDE9A49FAECFE37BFD5" box="[291,482,1404,1429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF80FFDE9A49FAECFE37BFD5" box="[291,482,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
near
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF80FFDE994AFAEDFDB6BFD5" box="[544,611,1404,1429]" country="Kenya" name="Embu" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Embu</collectingRegion>
in dry bush.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF80FFDE9BADFA31FE5CBC99" blockId="62.[151,1436,1296,1897]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF80FFDE9BADFA31FE6BBFF9" author="Congdon" box="[199,446,1440,1465]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="160 - 164" refId="ref41841" refString="Congdon, C., Bampton, I. &amp; Collins, S. (2008) Early stages and larval shelters of some Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 19, 160 - 164." type="journal article" year="2008">
Congdon
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF80FFDE9A5EFA30FEB0BFF9" box="[308,357,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
report rearing a variety of caterpillars, with different head markings, the adults of which all appeared to be
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF80FFDE9A06FA55FE3DBF9D" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[364,488,1476,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF80FFDE9A06FA55FE3DBF9D" box="[364,488,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The information presented here is based on the work described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF80FFDE9F98FA55FF31BC41" author="Congdon" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Congdon" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="160 - 164" refId="ref41841" refString="Congdon, C., Bampton, I. &amp; Collins, S. (2008) Early stages and larval shelters of some Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 19, 160 - 164." type="journal article" year="2008">
Congdon
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF80FFDE9E08FA54FA40BF9D" box="[1378,1429,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, with updates where available, but there has been no subsequent progress sorting out the taxonomy of this species or species complex. In the following we designate the different caterpillars as forms, i.e. deliberately choosing a level with no taxonomic validity. At this time we recognise that the different caterpillar heads probably represent different species, but they may also represent different haplotypes of a single polymorphic species. We note that
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF80FFDE9A6CF9E8FE7DBCD1" author="Larsen" box="[262,424,1656,1681]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. &amp; 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
illustrates two different male genitalia, both apparently belonging to ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF80FFDE9FB4F9E9FA88BCD1" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[1246,1373,1656,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF80FFDE9FB4F9E9FA88BCD1" box="[1246,1373,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, but actually representing
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF80FFDE9AE0F90DFDD2BCF5" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[394,519,1692,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF80FFDE9AE0F90DFDD2BCF5" box="[394,519,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the new species referred to above (T.B. Larsen, pers. comm. 2012). Clearly, more work is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF80FFDE9BADF974FE05BD29" blockId="62.[151,1436,1296,1897]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF80FFDE9BADF974FEB1BCBD" author="Larsen" box="[199,356,1764,1789]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref43862" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
remarks that this may be a species of the transition zone between forest and grassland in
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF80FFDE9E26F974FA4CBCBD" box="[1356,1433,1765,1789]" name="Kenya" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Kenya</collectingCountry>
. It also occupies this habitat on the Rondo, but in
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF80FFDE99D0F899FC98BD61" box="[698,845,1800,1825]" name="South Africa" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF80FFDE983DF899FC07BD61" box="[855,978,1800,1825]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF80FFDE98B7F899FBE7BD61" box="[989,1074,1800,1825]" name="Zambia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Zambia</collectingCountry>
and at Mufindi,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF80FFDE9F87F899FA81BD61" box="[1261,1364,1800,1825]" name="Tanzania" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, it is a butterfly of woodland and wooded savannah grassland. If more than one species is involved, this variety of habitat preference is not surprising.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5378D4FF81FFDF9BFDFA1EFDB0BC41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267978/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[151,249,1423,1445]" targetBox="[151,1436,191,1402]" targetPageId="63">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF81FFDF9BFDFA1EFDB0BC41" blockId="63.[151,1436,1423,1537]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9BFDFA1EFEF3BFE5" bold="true" box="[151,294,1423,1445]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 68.</emphasis>
Life history of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9AB7FA1EFD77BFE5" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1937" box="[477,674,1423,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langa">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9AB7FA1EFD77BFE5" box="[477,674,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Platylesches langa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected mostly on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF98F9FA01FB9BBFE5" box="[915,1102,1424,1445]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF98F9FA01FB9BBFE5" box="[915,1102,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Parinari capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but also on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9F88FA01FE00BF84" authority=", Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika" authorityName="Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9F88FA01FA40BFE5" box="[1250,1429,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
, Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika
</taxonomicName>
, Zambia, and subsequently reared on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9809FA3EFBBCBF84" authority=", TCEC." authorityName="TCEC." box="[867,1129,1454,1476]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9809FA3EFBC7BF84" box="[867,1042,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
, TCEC.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9F1BFA3FFBABBF84" bold="true" box="[1137,1150,1454,1476]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">1</emphasis>
, early leaf shelters, 17 Sep 2008;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9BB3FA5DFF30BFA2" bold="true" box="[217,229,1484,1506]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">2</emphasis>
, leaf shelter of pupa showing entrance valve, 13 Sep 2010;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9834FA5DFC51BFA2" bold="true" box="[862,900,1484,1506]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">3–6</emphasis>
, mature caterpillar, 28 Jan 2009:
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9F8FFA5DFB27BFA2" bold="true" box="[1253,1266,1484,1506]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">3</emphasis>
, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9EE3FA5DFA40BFA2" bold="true" box="[1417,1429,1484,1506]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">4</emphasis>
, lateral view;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9A71FA7AFE94BC41" bold="true" box="[283,321,1515,1537]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">5–6</emphasis>
, detail of head, frontal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF81FFDF9BFDF9B9FE99BC01" blockId="63.[151,1435,1576,1673]" box="[151,332,1576,1601]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9BFDF9B9FE99BC01" box="[151,332,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Adult behaviour</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF81FFDF9BFDF9DCFCA1BCC9" blockId="63.[151,1435,1576,1673]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
In the
<location id="8EF37E87FF81FFDF9BB4F9DDFDD6BC25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385994AFF80FFA59BFDFB58FCDCBE17:8EF37E87FF81FFDF9BB4F9DDFDD6BC25" box="[222,515,1612,1637]" municipality="In" name="National Botanic Gardens" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="Harare">National Botanic Gardens</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF81FFDF9967F9DCFD89BC24" box="[525,604,1613,1636]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Harare</collectingRegion>
, MJWC observed that males perched on tall grasses (c.
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<elevation id="0001CF6FFF81FFDF9FA0F9DDFB3ABC25" box="[1226,1263,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="2.0">2m</elevation>
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) under an open canopy, and returned to their perches after swift territorial flights.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF81FFDF9BFDF929FECBBC91" blockId="63.[151,1436,1720,2033]" box="[151,286,1720,1745]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9BFDF929FECBBC91" box="[151,286,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Food plants</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFF81FFDF9BFDF94DFDD3BDB1" blockId="63.[151,1436,1720,2033]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
Early last century, Dollman (unpublished) reared
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF99ABF94DFCEEBCB5" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[705,827,1756,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
Pl.
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF998DF94DFCEEBCB5" box="[743,827,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from ‘mupundu’ (i.e. the wemba name for mbolola or mbola plum,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9A45F890FE25BD59" box="[303,496,1792,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9A45F890FE25BD59" box="[303,496,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in central
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF81FFDF991DF891FD19BD59" box="[631,716,1792,1817]" name="Zambia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Zambia</collectingCountry>
(Mwengwa) and north-western
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF81FFDF9F57F891FB47BD59" box="[1085,1170,1792,1817]" name="Zambia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Zambia</collectingCountry>
(Solwezi), and painted the caterpillar.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF81FFDF9A55F8B4FE28BD7E" author="Woodhall, S. E." box="[319,509,1829,1854]" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="127 - 131" part="5" refId="ref47039" refString="Woodhall, S. E. (1994) Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 5, 127 - 131, plate 4." title="Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)" type="journal article" year="1994">Woodhall (1994)</bibRefCitation>
documented rearing
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9981F8B4FCB3BD7E" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[747,870,1829,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9981F8B4FCB3BD7E" box="[747,870,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from caterpillars collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9FD5F8B7FAABBD7E" box="[1215,1406,1829,1854]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9FD5F8B7FAABBD7E" box="[1215,1406,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF81FFDF9BFDF8D9FEBEBD21" box="[151,363,1864,1889]" country="South Africa" name="Limpopo" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Limpopo Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF81FFDF9A1DF8D9FDDFBD21" box="[375,522,1864,1889]" name="South Africa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, in 1989, and this food plant record is repeated by subsequent authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF81FFDF9E47F8D9FF22BDC6" author="Pringle" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pringle" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref45070" refString="Pringle, E. L. L., Henning, G. A. &amp; Ball, J. B. (Eds.) (1994) Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa. Second Edition. Struik Winchester, Cape Town, South Africa, 800 pp." type="book" year="1994">
Pringle
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9EE2F8D8FF78BDC6" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 1994
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF81FFDF9A69F8FCFE1EBDC6" author="Heath" box="[259,459,1901,1926]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Heath" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref42672" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. &amp; Hancock, D. (2002) The Butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 137 pp. + CD." type="book" year="2002">
Heath
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9A24F8FFFE54BDC6" box="[334,385,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF81FFDF9ABDF8FCFD68BDC6" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." box="[471,701,1901,1926]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF992AF8FFFDA7BDC6" box="[576,626,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF81FFDF99A3F8FCFCA2BDC6" author="Woodhall, S." bookContentInfo="440 pp." box="[713,887,1901,1926]" journalOrPublisher="Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref47013" refString="Woodhall, S. (2005) Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Nature, Capetown, South Africa, 440 pp." title="Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa" type="book" year="2005">Woodhall 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF81FFDF98EFF8FCFBC3BDC6" author="Larsen" box="[901,1046,1901,1926]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. &amp; 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The food plant in
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF81FFDF9F92F8FCFA94BDC6" box="[1272,1345,1901,1926]" name="Ghana" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Ghana</collectingCountry>
may be
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9BFDF801FE46BDE9" box="[151,403,1936,1961]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Maranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyandra">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9BFDF801FE46BDE9" box="[151,403,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Maranthes polyandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9AD6F800FDB0BDE9" box="[444,613,1936,1961]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Maranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyandra">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9AD6F800FDB0BDE9" box="[444,613,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pa. polyandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFF81FFDF9825F800FC2CBDE9" author="Larsen" box="[847,1017,1936,1961]" firstAuthor="Larsen" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref43974" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 595 pp. &amp; 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. MJWC found caterpillars on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9E1CF800FEFCBD8E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9E1CF800FEFCBD8E" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
near
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFF81FFDF9A19F824FE17BD8C" box="[371,450,1973,1996]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Harare</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF81FFDF9AB9F824FD9EBD8E" box="[467,587,1973,1998]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
and TCEC has reared this species from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFF81FFDF9F56F827FAD4BD8E" box="[1084,1281,1973,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFF81FFDF9F56F827FAD4BD8E" box="[1084,1281,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pa. curatellifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF81FFDF9E5AF824FA42BD8E" box="[1328,1431,1973,1998]" name="Tanzania" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF81FFDF9BFDF849FF3ABDB1" box="[151,239,2008,2033]" name="Malawi" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Malawi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF81FFDF9B90F849FE85BDB1" box="[250,336,2008,2033]" name="Zambia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Zambia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFF81FFDF9AECF849FDD4BDB1" box="[390,513,2008,2033]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5378D4FFFEFFA09BFDFBDBFA59BEDD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267980/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,249,1098,1120]" targetBox="[170,1424,221,1054]" targetPageId="64">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFEFFA09BFDFBDBFA59BEDD" blockId="64.[151,1436,1098,1181]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFEFFA09BFDFBDBFECFBE20" bold="true" box="[151,282,1098,1120]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 69</emphasis>
. Voucher specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFEFFA0997EFBDBFD6DBE1F" box="[532,696,1098,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFEFFA0997EFBDBFD47BE20" box="[532,658,1098,1120]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Platylesches</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFEFFA099AAFBDBFCD9BE20" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[704,780,1098,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFEFFA099AAFBDBFCD9BE20" box="[704,780,1098,1120]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFEFFA09889FBDAFAB5BE20" authority=", Lamto, N'Douci" authorityName="Lamto, N'Douci" box="[995,1376,1098,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congensis">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFEFFA09889FBDAFB73BE20" box="[995,1190,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Parinari congensis</emphasis>
, Lamto, N’Douci
</taxonomicName>
, Côte d’Ivoire; identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFEFFA09A12FBF9FE2CBE3E" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1894" box="[376,505,1128,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batangae">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFEFFA09A12FBF9FE2CBE3E" box="[376,505,1128,1150]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Pl. batangae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFFEFFA09970FBF8FD11BE3E" author="Vuattoux" box="[538,708,1128,1150]" firstAuthor="Vuattoux" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="562 - 568" refId="ref46285" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
. Above, male, collected 1 Dec 1980; pupa 6 Dec; adult 15 Dec; ref 1 98 (R. Vuattoux). Below, female, collected 27 Feb 1982; pupa 5 Mar; adult 12 Mar; ref. 16 18 (R. Vuattoux). Scale bar = 10mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5378D4FFFEFFA09BFDF815FC14BD97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267982/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" startId="64.[151,249,1924,1946]" targetBox="[151,1436,1231,1902]" targetPageId="64">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFEFFA09BFDF815FC14BD97" blockId="64.[151,1437,1924,2007]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFEFFA09BFDF815FECFBDDA" bold="true" box="[151,282,1924,1946]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 70</emphasis>
. Typical tube shelters of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFEFFA09975F815FD24BDDA" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[543,753,1924,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFEFFA09975F815FD24BDDA" box="[543,753,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFEFFA09873F815FC29BDDA" box="[793,1020,1924,1946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFEFFA09873F815FC29BDDA" box="[793,1020,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Parinari curatellifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1 Feb 2008, Mufindi, Tanzania, TCEC. Note that the shelter on the larger leaf is made by rolling one edge under, whereas the shelter on the smaller leaf with distal feeding is made by curling both edges under to make the two halves of the tube.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFFFFA19BFDFF06FEF2BAF0" blockId="65.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[151,295,151,176]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19BFDFF06FEF2BAF0" box="[151,295,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Leaf shelters</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFFFFA19BFDFF2DFE82BBEB" blockId="65.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Based on observations on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19AD1FF2DFDF2BA95" box="[443,551,188,213]" form="beta" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19A9DFF2DFDF2BA95" box="[503,551,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Mukuvisi Woodland,
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFFFFFFA19851FF2DFC52BA93" box="[827,903,188,211]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Harare</collectingRegion>
(MJWC 88/24), small leaf shelters are made on flush leaves by cutting a semi-circular flap from the edge of the lamina. The shelters of medium grown to near full grown caterpillars are made by rolling an edge of the leaf under to reach the mid rib, and holding it with 8–10 thick, multiple strands of pinkish silk, to make a tube
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFFFFA199D2FEB6FCFFBB00" box="[696,810,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45mm</quantity>
long. TCEC found that shelters do not usually involve cuts and may involve one or both edges of a leaf being rolled under (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA198C2FEDDFBCEBB25" box="[936,1051,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="64.[151,249,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1231,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-144@64.[151,1436,1231,1902]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 70. Typical tube shelters of Platylesches moritili on Parinari curatellifolia, 1 Feb 2008, Mufindi, Tanzania, TCEC. Note that the shelter on the larger leaf is made by rolling one edge under, whereas the shelter on the smaller leaf with distal feeding is made by curling both edges under to make the two halves of the tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267982" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267982/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 70</figureCitation>
). We have not carefully evaluated whether the different caterpillar forms show consistent differences in their shelter construction, but there are no obvious patterns.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFFFFA19BFDFE4DFF0FBBB3" blockId="65.[151,1436,476,573]" box="[151,218,476,499]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19BFDFE4DFF0FBBB3" box="[151,218,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Ovum</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFFFFA19BFDFE6EFE01B87D" blockId="65.[151,1436,476,573]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
An ovum photographed by TCEC (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA19975FE6EFD5BB858" box="[543,654,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 71" captionStartId="65.[151,249,1403,1425]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,623,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-412@65.[340,1247,623,1378]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 71. Ovum of Platylesches moritili, laid on Parinari curatellifolia, 2 Feb 1998, Mufindi, Tanzania, TCEC." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267984/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 71</figureCitation>
) is similar to that thought to be of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19F7AFE6EFBAAB858" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1040,1151,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galesa">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19F7AFE6EFBAAB858" box="[1040,1151,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Pl. galesa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA19FE4FE6EFB2BB858" box="[1166,1278,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="61.[151,249,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1423,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-203@61.[151,1436,1423,1879]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 66. Ova of Platylesches spp. 1, eclosed ova laid on terminal foliage of a shoot of Parinari curatellifolia, Harare, Zimbabwe, 27 Jun 1991 (91/200—a final instar caterpillar of Pl. galesa was found at the same time, but adults of Pl. moritili were also flying and the ova could have been of either species); 2, ovum of Pl. sp. on Pa. curatellifolia, Mgololo, Mufindi, Tanzania, 2 Feb 1998, TCEC (Pl. galesa and other spp. were present)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267974" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267974/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 66</figureCitation>
), salmon pink with about 16 wall-like ribs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5378D4FFFFFFA19BFDFAEAFAF9BFD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267984" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267984" box="[151,1324,1403,1425]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267984/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" startId="65.[151,249,1403,1425]" targetBox="[340,1247,623,1378]" targetPageId="65">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFFFFA19BFDFAEAFAF9BFD1" blockId="65.[151,1324,1403,1425]" box="[151,1324,1403,1425]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19BFDFAEAFECABFD1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1403,1425]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 71.</emphasis>
Ovum of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19AECFAEAFD82BFD1" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[390,599,1403,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19AECFAEAFD82BFD1" box="[390,599,1403,1425]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, laid on
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA199DAFAEDFC4DBFD1" box="[688,920,1403,1425]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA199DAFAEDFC41BFD1" box="[688,916,1403,1425]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">Parinari curatellifolia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
2 Feb 1998, Mufindi, Tanzania, TCEC.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFFFFA19BFDFA29FEC0BF91" blockId="65.[151,1436,1464,1813]" box="[151,277,1464,1489]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19BFDFA29FEC0BF91" box="[151,277,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Caterpillar</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFFFFA19BFDFA4DFDA0BD55" blockId="65.[151,1436,1464,1813]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
The commonest form on on the Rondo Plateau, south-eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA19804FA4DFC00BFB5" box="[878,981,1500,1525]" name="Tanzania" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, but also found at Mufindi, Udzungwa Mountains,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA19A77F991FE51BC59" box="[285,388,1536,1561]" name="Tanzania" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, and once near
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFFFFFFA19959F990FD57BC58" box="[563,642,1537,1560]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Harare</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA199E7F991FCDDBC59" box="[653,776,1536,1561]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, was
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA1982FF991FC16BC59" box="[837,963,1536,1561]" form="alpha" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA198E9F991FC16BC59" box="[899,963,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA198BBF991FBA0BC59" box="[977,1141,1536,1561]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 72.1–2</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19FE2F990FB29BC59" box="[1160,1276,1536,1561]" form="beta" pageId="65" pageNumber="69" rank="form">
Form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19FA6F991FB29BC59" box="[1228,1276,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA19E61F991FF70BC7D" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 72.3– 5</figureCitation>
) also occurred on the Rondo Plateau, as well eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA19997F9B5FC80BC7D" box="[765,853,1572,1597]" name="Zambia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, and north-western
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA19F59F9B5FB7BBC7D" box="[1075,1198,1572,1597]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, but was dominant at Mufindi. Other patterns of head markings were found in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA198E3F9D9FC0BBC21" box="[905,990,1608,1633]" name="Zambia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Zambia</collectingCountry>
and western
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA19F17F9D9FB20BC21" box="[1149,1269,1608,1633]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19E6DF9D9FA4EBC20" box="[1287,1435,1608,1633]" form="gamma" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19E23F9D8FA4EBC20" box="[1353,1435,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA19BFDF9FDFEECBCC5" box="[151,313,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 72.6–7</figureCitation>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19A13F9FDFE24BCC5" box="[377,497,1644,1669]" form="delta" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19AD3F9FDFE24BCC5" box="[441,497,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">delta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA19A90F9FDFD79BCC5" box="[506,684,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 72.8–10</figureCitation>
). The adults of all forms appear to be
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19F01F9FDFB6ABCC5" authorityName="Wallengren" authorityYear="1857" box="[1131,1215,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19F01F9FDFB6ABCC5" box="[1131,1215,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the majority of cases TCEC’s team were dealing with good series of each form from each locality. In localities where there was more than one form, they did not find intermediates between the various head patterns. Where there was only one form, as at Hwange in
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA19AFDF949FDC7BCB1" box="[407,530,1752,1777]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, it was constant in appearance. Fully fed caterpillars of all these
<typeStatus id="549796FEFFFFFFA19F8DF948FAF7BCB1" box="[1255,1314,1753,1777]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">types</typeStatus>
turned red prior to pupation (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA19A08F96DFE28BD55" box="[354,509,1788,1813]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figures 72.10</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA1995EF96DFDBCBD55" box="[564,617,1788,1813]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="68.[151,249,582,604]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,561]" captionTargetId="figure-460@68.[151,1436,193,561]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 75. Final instar caterpillar of Platylesches moritili form delta, collected on Parinari curatellifolia, TCEC. 1, fully mature caterpillar ready to pupate showing typical red colour of this stage, 20 Apr 2007, Mufindi, Tanzania; 2, detail of head, anterolateral view, 8 Dec 2007, Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika, Zambia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267992/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">75.1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFFFFA19BFDF8D5FDAABD1D" blockId="65.[151,1436,1860,2029]" box="[151,639,1860,1885]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19BFDF8D5FDAABD1D" box="[151,639,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19BFDF8D5FDD4BD1D" box="[151,513,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" form="alpha" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="moritili">Platylesches moritili form alpha</taxonomicName>
caterpillar
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFFFFA29BFDF8F9FDD3BA95" blockId="65.[151,1436,1860,2029]" lastBlockId="66.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
This form has the darkest head capsule, being black with an arc of white spots on the epicranium, a pair of very pale yellow-brown spots on the adfrontals, and a white spot on the frons (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA19885F81DFB40BDE5" box="[1007,1173,1932,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 72.1–2</figureCitation>
). This
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19F8FF81DFA84BDE4" box="[1253,1361,1932,1957]" form="was" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="form">form was</taxonomicName>
found abundant on the Rondo Plateau at about
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFFFFA19915F821FD14BD89" box="[639,705,1968,1993]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="850.0">850m</quantity>
, south-eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA19819F821FC02BD89" box="[883,983,1968,1993]" name="Tanzania" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA19881F821FBA2BD89" box="[1003,1143,1968,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 72.1</figureCitation>
), uncommon at Mufindi,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA19BFDF845FF2ABDAD" box="[151,255,2004,2029]" name="Tanzania" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, and once near
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFFFFFFA19AC6F844FE2EBDAC" box="[428,507,2005,2028]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Harare</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFFFFA1996CF845FD54BDAD" box="[518,641,2004,2029]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
, at around
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFFFFA19991F845FC9FBDAD" box="[763,842,2004,2029]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFFFFA19807F845FBD4BDAD" box="[877,1025,2004,2029]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFFFFA19807F845FBD4BDAD" box="[877,1025,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Brachystegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodland (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFFFFA19FEFF845FAD9BDAD" box="[1157,1292,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Figure 72.2</figureCitation>
). The Rondo records are based on many collections as it was common there, but the
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFFFCFFA298BAFF09FBC9BAEF" box="[976,1052,152,175]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Harare</collectingRegion>
collection on a single caterpillar, which died soon after collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFCFFA29BADFF4EFD54BBC7" blockId="66.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
The final instar of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29AC1FF4EFDF8BAB8" box="[427,557,223,248]" form="alpha" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29A87FF4EFDF8BAB8" box="[493,557,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be similar to penultimate instars of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29F0CFF4EFB2EBAB8" box="[1126,1275,223,248]" form="gamma" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29FC2FF70FB2EBAB8" box="[1192,1275,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(below). The caterpillar which
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFFCFFA29A31FE95FD99BB5D" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." box="[347,588,260,285]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29AA9FE94FE21BB5D" box="[451,500,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
. (1997)
</bibRefCitation>
illustrate as an early instar (alongside a final instar of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29FDAFE95FAF3BB5D" box="[1200,1318,260,285]" form="delta" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29F84FE95FAF3BB5D" box="[1262,1318,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">delta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is a good match. However, the caterpillar in the photo seems to have a newly cast skin at the anal end and the size of this caterpillar in proportion to the food plant leaf suggests that it is at least in the fourth instar, probably fifth, in which case it could be a final instar of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29A96FEFEFDAFBBC8" box="[508,634,367,392]" form="alpha" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29950FEFEFDAFBBC8" box="[570,634,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5378D4FFFCFFA29BFDFC5BFC57BED8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" startId="66.[151,249,970,992]" targetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" targetPageId="66">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFCFFA29BFDFC5BFC57BED8" blockId="66.[151,1436,970,1176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29BFDFC5BFECCB9A0" bold="true" box="[151,281,970,992]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 72</emphasis>
. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA298A9FC5BFB33B9A0" authority=", TCEC" authorityName="TCEC" box="[963,1254,970,992]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA298A9FC5BFB40B9A0" box="[963,1173,970,992]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
, TCEC
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29F9AFC5BFAC3B9A0" bold="true" box="[1264,1302,970,992]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">1–2</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29E49FC5BFA40B9A0" box="[1315,1429,970,992]" form="alpha" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29E31FC5BFA40B9A0" box="[1371,1429,970,992]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29BFDFC79FF68B9BE" bold="true" box="[151,189,1000,1022]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">3–5</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29BA0FC79FEFBB9BE" box="[202,302,1000,1022]" form="beta" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29A69FC79FEFBB9BE" box="[259,302,1000,1022]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29A56FC79FEB7B9BE" bold="true" box="[316,354,1000,1022]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">6–7</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29A1AFC79FE21B9BE" box="[368,500,1000,1022]" form="gamma" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29AC3FC78FE21B9BE" box="[425,500,1001,1022]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA2996BFC79FDE1B9BE" bold="true" box="[513,564,1000,1022]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">8–10</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29928FC79FD78B9BE" box="[578,685,1000,1022]" form="delta" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29910FC79FD78B9BE" box="[634,685,1000,1022]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">delta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA299D0FC79FD13B9BE" bold="true" box="[698,710,1000,1022]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">1</emphasis>
, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29AEEFB96FE44BE5D" bold="true" box="[388,401,1031,1053]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">2</emphasis>
, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29816FB96FBD7BE5D" box="[892,1026,1031,1053]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29816FB96FBD7BE5D" box="[892,1026,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Brachystegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodland, 30 Dec 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29E43FB96FAE0BE5D" bold="true" box="[1321,1333,1031,1053]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">3</emphasis>
, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29F2AFBB7FB98BE7C" bold="true" box="[1088,1101,1062,1084]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">4</emphasis>
, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29BFDFBD5FEC8BE1A" box="[151,285,1092,1114]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29BFDFBD5FEC8BE1A" box="[151,285,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Brachystegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA299BBFBD5FD0BBE1A" bold="true" box="[721,734,1092,1114]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">5</emphasis>
, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29F31FBD5FBBDBE1A" bold="true" box="[1115,1128,1092,1114]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">6</emphasis>
, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29A69FBF2FEC5BE39" bold="true" box="[259,272,1123,1145]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">7</emphasis>
, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA2991AFBF2FDA8BE39" bold="true" box="[624,637,1123,1145]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">8</emphasis>
, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA298C5FBF2FBE0BE39" box="[943,1077,1123,1145]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA298C5FBF2FBE0BE39" box="[943,1077,1123,1145]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Brachystegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29BFDFB13FF71BED8" bold="true" box="[151,164,1154,1176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">9</emphasis>
, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29A93FB13FDC7BED8" bold="true" box="[505,530,1154,1176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">10</emphasis>
, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFCFFA29BFDFB55FDA5BE9D" blockId="66.[151,1436,1220,1461]" box="[151,624,1220,1245]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29BFDFB55FDA5BE9D" box="[151,624,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29BFDFB55FE24BE9D" box="[151,497,1220,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" form="beta" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="moritili">Platylesches moritili form beta</taxonomicName>
caterpillar
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFCFFA29BFDFB78FEE7BFF5" blockId="66.[151,1436,1220,1461]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
In this form, the face is black with larger white spots on the epicranium than
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29890FB79FBA2BF41" box="[1018,1143,1256,1281]" form="alpha" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29F5DFB79FBA2BF41" box="[1079,1143,1256,1281]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">alpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, larger and browner spots on the adfrontals (but not extending to the dorsal end), and laterally a broad brown line from the vertex to the mouthparts. It has been found below the Mufindi Escarpment,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFCFFA29804FAA1FC00BF09" box="[878,981,1328,1353]" name="Tanzania" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, in savannah grassland at about
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFCFFA29E24FAA1FA49BF09" box="[1358,1436,1328,1353]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFCFFA29BF4FAC5FEFDBF2D" box="[158,296,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 72.3</figureCitation>
), where it was the dominant form, uncommonly at the Rondo Plateau,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFCFFA29F0EFAC5FB19BF2D" box="[1124,1228,1364,1389]" name="Tanzania" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, at Mutinondo, in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFCFFA29B9BFAE9FE9CBFD1" box="[241,329,1400,1425]" name="Zambia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Zambia</collectingCountry>
, in Miombo woodland at about
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFCFFA299ACFAE9FCC1BFD1" box="[710,788,1400,1425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFCFFA2984CFAE9FC7ABFD1" box="[806,943,1400,1425]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 72.4</figureCitation>
) and Hwange in north-western
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFCFFA29E4EFAE9FA49BFD1" box="[1316,1436,1400,1425]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFCFFA29BF4FA0DFEF0BFF5" box="[158,293,1436,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 72.5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFCFFA29BFDFA75FD47BFBD" blockId="66.[151,1437,1508,2037]" box="[151,658,1508,1533]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29BFDFA75FD47BFBD" box="[151,658,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29BFDFA75FDC1BFBC" box="[151,532,1508,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" form="gamma" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="moritili">Platylesches moritili form gamma</taxonomicName>
caterpillar
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFCFFA29BFDF999FF16BCF1" blockId="66.[151,1437,1508,2037]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
The white spots on the epicranium are slightly larger than in
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA2983EF999FC16BC61" box="[852,963,1544,1569]" form="beta" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA298F9F999FC16BC61" box="[915,963,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so that the face appears white with dark brown rays; the adfrontals are completely yellow-brown, orange brown ventrally; the frons is white, orange brown dorsally; the lateral band from vertex to mouthparts is paler (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFCFFA29854F9C1FC34BC29" box="[830,993,1616,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 72.6–7</figureCitation>
). These caterpillars have been found on Rondo Plateau,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFCFFA29A3AF9E5FE61BCCD" box="[336,436,1652,1677]" name="Tanzania" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFCFFA29AACF9E5FD85BCCD" box="[454,592,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 72.6</figureCitation>
), Mutinondo,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFCFFA2999FF9E5FC9FBCCD" box="[757,842,1652,1677]" name="Zambia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Zambia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFCFFA29836F9E5FC32BCCD" box="[860,999,1652,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 72.7</figureCitation>
), and Quiterajo,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFCFFA29FC1F9E5FAEABCCD" box="[1195,1343,1652,1677]" name="Mozambique" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFCFFA29E3BF9E5FF62BCF1" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="67.[151,249,1270,1292]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,735,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-359@67.[151,1436,735,1248]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 73. Final instar caterpillar of Platylesches moritili form gamma, collected on Parinari curatellifolia, Quiterajo, northern coastal Mozambique (1.45S x 40.26E), 2 Dec 2009, TCEC. 1, in unopened shelter, anterior view; 2, in opened shelter, dorsoanterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267988/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 73</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFCFFA29BADF92DFD96BD5D" blockId="66.[151,1437,1508,2037]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
MJWC collected caterpillars which appear to be
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFCFFA29993F92DFC5EBC94" box="[761,907,1724,1749]" form="gamma" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFCFFA29852F92CFC5EBC94" box="[824,907,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Mukuvisi Woodland at the edge of
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFFFCFFA29E23F92CFA4CBC94" box="[1353,1433,1725,1748]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Harare</collectingRegion>
. Unfortunately none was reared through to adult, either dying or being parasitized (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFCFFA29F03F971FB35BCB9" box="[1129,1248,1760,1785]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="67.[151,249,1769,1791]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1403,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-363@67.[151,1436,1403,1748]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 74. Final instar caterpillar of Platylesches moritili form beta collected 20 Mar 1988 on Parinari curatellifolia, Mukuvisi Woodland, Harare, Zimbabwe, MJWC 88/24(2). 1, caterpillar, dorsal view, and associated cocoon mass of indet. Apanteles (s.l.) sp.; 2, detail of head in dorsoanterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267990/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 74</figureCitation>
). The following description is based on this collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFCFFA29BADF8B9FD9ABDEC" blockId="66.[151,1437,1508,2037]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
Stage 1 leaf shelter a semi-circular two-cut flap from edge of leaf. Stage 2 shelter a tube of
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFCFFA29FAEF8B9FAE0BD01" box="[1220,1333,1832,1857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45mm</quantity>
made by folding a long flap from leaf edge upwards to centre of leaf, held by 8–10 thick ropes of multiple strands of pinkish silk. A stage 3 pupal shelter made in captivity involved folding over a flap along the length of the leaf, upwards to the centre, with the basal end left open.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFCFFA39BADF829FE63BB7F" blockId="66.[151,1437,1508,2037]" lastBlockId="67.[151,1436,151,680]" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
A final instar caterpillar (88/24(3)) measured
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFCFFA299ACF829FCD8BD91" box="[710,781,1976,2001]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="20.0">20mm</quantity>
when collected, but had probably already shrunk as it was ready to pupate; head 3.3 x
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFCFFA29AA5F84DFDC8BDB5" box="[463,541,2012,2037]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5mm</quantity>
wide x high; round with flat face; ground colour beige, with black lines around six large white marks around edge of face, outside adfrontals, along clypeal sutures, broadly around posterior margin; adfrontals and clypeus pale. T1 concolorous. Body light whitish green, similar to the colour of the leaf abaxial surface; slightly darker dorsal line; soon after collection the body turned red, dorsal line slightly darker, spiracles white, legs reddish, body white ventrally due to wax glands but exact position not recorded. This caterpillar died as a pupa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFDFFA39BADFEDDFC65B858" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
A penultimate instar caterpillar collected on the same occasion (88/24(2)) also measured
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFDFFA39F82FEDDFAE5BB25" box="[1256,1328,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="20.0">20mm</quantity>
and was similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFDFFA39A7AFEFEFE54BBC8" box="[272,385,367,392]" form="beta" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39A3BFEFEFE54BBC8" box="[337,385,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; head almost round with flat face; black with six round white spots around edge of face; oblique white mark at top of each adfrontal, above pale clypeus; a beige band from vertex over apex laterally to stemmata; T1 and body as final instar above; legs concolorous. This caterpillar moulted to what appeared to be the final instar although smaller than the one above (head 2.9 x 3.0mm), and was preserved in ethanol when it was killed by the emergence of larvae of an
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFDFFA39939FE6EFD14B858" box="[595,705,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39939FE6EFD14B858" box="[595,705,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Apanteles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(s.l.) sp, (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFDFFA3985BFE6EFC76B858" box="[817,931,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="67.[151,249,1769,1791]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1403,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-363@67.[151,1436,1403,1748]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 74. Final instar caterpillar of Platylesches moritili form beta collected 20 Mar 1988 on Parinari curatellifolia, Mukuvisi Woodland, Harare, Zimbabwe, MJWC 88/24(2). 1, caterpillar, dorsal view, and associated cocoon mass of indet. Apanteles (s.l.) sp.; 2, detail of head in dorsoanterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267990/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figure 74</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFDFFA39BADFDB5FCCCB8E8" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
An n-2 instar caterpillar measured
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFDFFA3993BFDB5FD4EB87D" box="[593,667,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="11.0">11mm</quantity>
; head approximately 2 x
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFDFFA398D0FDB5FC23B87D" box="[954,1014,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.0">2mm</quantity>
; almost round with a flat face; black, with six white spots in a ring around the face, another on clypeus. Body as the two instars above. This caterpillar moulted to a penultimate instar caterpillar similar to that described above, with a head measuring 2.4 x
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFDFFA39E7BFDFDFA8AB8C5" box="[1297,1375,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6mm</quantity>
wide x high. It died in this instar and was preserved in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5378D4FFFDFFA39BFDFB67FE8EBF09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267988" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267988/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" startId="67.[151,249,1270,1292]" targetBox="[151,1436,735,1248]" targetPageId="67">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFDFFA39BFDFB67FE8EBF09" blockId="67.[151,1436,1270,1353]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39BFDFB67FEC8BF4C" bold="true" box="[151,285,1270,1292]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 73</emphasis>
. Final instar caterpillar of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFDFFA39955FB67FC70BF4C" box="[575,933,1270,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" form="gamma" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39955FB67FCC1BF4C" box="[575,788,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39831FB66FC70BF4C" box="[859,933,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFDFFA39F55FB66FA4DBF4C" authority=", Quiterajo" authorityName="Quiterajo" box="[1087,1432,1270,1292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39F55FB66FAF0BF4C" box="[1087,1317,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Parinari curatellifolia</emphasis>
, Quiterajo
</taxonomicName>
, northern coastal Mozambique (1.45S x 40.26E), 2 Dec 2009, TCEC.
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39839FA85FC8ABF6A" bold="true" box="[851,863,1300,1322]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">1</emphasis>
, in unopened shelter, anterior view;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39FBBFA85FB08BF6A" bold="true" box="[1233,1245,1300,1322]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">2</emphasis>
, in opened shelter, dorsoanterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5378D4FFFDFFA39BFDF978FD32BD7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267990" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267990/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" startId="67.[151,249,1769,1791]" targetBox="[151,1436,1403,1748]" targetPageId="67">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFDFFA39BFDF978FD32BD7D" blockId="67.[151,1437,1769,1853]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39BFDF978FEC8BCBF" bold="true" box="[151,285,1769,1791]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 74</emphasis>
. Final instar caterpillar of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFDFFA39955F978FC52BCBF" box="[575,903,1769,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" form="beta" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39955F978FCC1BCBF" box="[575,788,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39831F978FC52BCBF" box="[859,903,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected 20 Mar 1988 on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFDFFA39FDAF97BFEBEBD5E" authority=", Mukuvisi Woodland" authorityName="Mukuvisi Woodland" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39FDAF97BFA40BCBF" box="[1200,1429,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Parinari curatellifolia</emphasis>
, Mukuvisi Woodland
</taxonomicName>
, Harare, Zimbabwe, MJWC 88/24(2).
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA3986BF899FCDBBD5E" bold="true" box="[769,782,1800,1822]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">1</emphasis>
, caterpillar, dorsal view, and associated cocoon mass of indet.
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFDFFA39BFDF8B6FF2EBD7D" box="[151,251,1831,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39BFDF8B6FF2EBD7D" box="[151,251,1831,1853]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Apanteles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39A63F8B6FEF2BD7D" box="[265,295,1831,1853]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">s.l.</emphasis>
) sp.;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFDFFA39A0AF8B6FEB8BD7D" bold="true" box="[352,365,1831,1853]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">2</emphasis>
, detail of head in dorsoanterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5378D4FFFAFFA49BFDFDD7FCA4B8DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267992/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,249,582,604]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,561]" targetPageId="68">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFAFFA49BFDFDD7FCA4B8DA" blockId="68.[151,1436,582,666]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49BFDFDD7FECEB81C" bold="true" box="[151,283,582,604]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 75</emphasis>
. Final instar caterpillar of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49959FDD7FCAEB81C" box="[563,891,582,604]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" form="delta" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49959FDD7FCD3B81C" box="[563,774,582,604]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49822FDD7FCAEB81C" box="[840,891,582,604]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">delta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49F65FDD6FA9CB81C" authority=", TCEC." authorityName="TCEC." box="[1039,1353,582,604]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49F65FDD6FB27B81C" box="[1039,1266,582,604]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Parinari curatellifolia</emphasis>
, TCEC.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49E3BFDD7FA8BB81C" bold="true" box="[1361,1374,582,604]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">1</emphasis>
, fully mature caterpillar ready to pupate showing typical red colour of this stage, 20 Apr 2007, Mufindi, Tanzania;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49F9AFDF4FB28B83B" bold="true" box="[1264,1277,613,635]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">2</emphasis>
, detail of head, anterolateral view, 8 Dec 2007, Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika, Zambia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5378D4FFFAFFA49BFDFBEFFB42BEB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267994" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5267994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267994/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,249,1150,1172]" targetBox="[151,1436,716,1129]" targetPageId="68">
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFAFFA49BFDFBEFFB42BEB0" blockId="68.[151,1435,1150,1264]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49BFDFBEFFECCBED4" bold="true" box="[151,281,1150,1172]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 76</emphasis>
. Final instar head capsules and corresponding pupae of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49832FBEFFBFCBED4" box="[856,1065,1150,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49832FBEFFBFCBED4" box="[856,1065,1150,1172]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Platylesches moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected on
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49FD3FBEEFA4EBED4" box="[1209,1435,1150,1172]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Parinari" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curatellifolia">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49FD3FBEEFA4EBED4" box="[1209,1435,1150,1172]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Parinari curatellifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[TCEC].
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49B9EFB0DFED5BEF2" bold="true" box="[244,256,1180,1202]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">1</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49A67FB0DFE18BEF2" authority=", Rondo" authorityName="Rondo" box="[269,461,1180,1202]" form="alpha" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49A2EFB0DFEABBEF2" box="[324,382,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">alpha</emphasis>
, Rondo
</taxonomicName>
Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49E70FB0DFAF3BEF2" bold="true" box="[1306,1318,1180,1202]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">2</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49E59FB0DFEB8BE91" authority=", Mufindi Escarpment" authorityName="Mufindi Escarpment" form="beta" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49E00FB0DFA43BEF2" box="[1386,1430,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">beta</emphasis>
, Mufindi Escarpment
</taxonomicName>
, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49FCDFB2AFB61BE91" bold="true" box="[1191,1204,1211,1233]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">3</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49FA9FB2AFA4EBE91" authority=", Rondo" authorityName="Rondo" box="[1219,1435,1211,1233]" form="gamma" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49F94FB2DFA9CBE91" box="[1278,1353,1212,1233]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">gamma</emphasis>
, Rondo
</taxonomicName>
Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007;
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49A88FB4BFE3BBEB0" bold="true" box="[482,494,1242,1264]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">4</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49A91FB4BFC7EBEB0" authority=", Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika" authorityName="Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika" box="[507,939,1242,1264]" form="delta" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49958FB4BFDB0BEB0" box="[562,613,1242,1264]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">delta</emphasis>
, Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika
</taxonomicName>
, Zambia, 23 Dec 2007.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFAFFA49BFDFA86FDADBF70" blockId="68.[151,1436,1303,1652]" box="[151,632,1303,1328]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49BFDFA86FDADBF70" box="[151,632,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49BFDFA86FE2CBF70" box="[151,505,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" form="delta" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="form" species="moritili">Platylesches moritili form delta</taxonomicName>
caterpillar
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFAFFA49BFDFAADFD52BC34" blockId="68.[151,1436,1303,1652]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
In this form the dark colouring of the face is replaced with a medium brown; the white spots are slightly more extensive than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49AC4FACEFD94BF37" box="[430,577,1375,1400]" form="gamma" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49A85FAF1FD94BF37" box="[495,577,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so that the gaps between them are now slightly diffuse brown lines; the adfrontals are entirely pale yellow-brown, with the adjacent sutures brown; the frons is completely white; the lateral band from vertex to mouthparts is pale brown (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFAFFA49829FA36FBDDBF80" box="[835,1032,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figures 72.8–10</figureCitation>
). This is the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49FD0FA36FA49BF80" authority="Dollman" authorityName="Dollman" box="[1210,1436,1447,1472]" form="that" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="form">form that Dollman</taxonomicName>
(unpublished) found and painted in
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFAFFA49941FA5AFD55BFA4" box="[555,640,1483,1508]" name="Zambia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Zambia</collectingCountry>
early last century. TCEC has found this form at Mufindi,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFAFFA49E79FA5AFAAEBFA4" box="[1299,1403,1483,1508]" name="Tanzania" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, in highland
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49A6AFA7EFE41BC48" box="[256,404,1519,1544]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49A6AFA7EFE41BC48" box="[256,404,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Brachystegia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodland at
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFAFFA49940FA7EFDACBC48" box="[554,633,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="1830.0">1830m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFAFFA499EDFA7EFCD8BC48" box="[647,781,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figure 72.8</figureCitation>
), and at Mutinondo,
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFAFFA4989FFA7EFB9EBC48" box="[1013,1099,1519,1544]" name="Zambia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Zambia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFAFFA49F33FA7EFB34BC48" box="[1113,1249,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="66.[151,249,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetId="figure-606@66.[151,1436,439,948]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURE 72. Frontal view of final instar caterpillar heads of different forms of Platylesches moritili, TCEC; 1–2, form alpha; 3–5, form beta; 6–7, form gamma; 8–10, form delta. 1, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, near Harare, Zimbabwe, around 1500m in Brachystegia woodland, 30 Dec 2007; 3, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 4, Mutinondo, eastern Zambia, in Brachystegia woodland at about 1500m, 23 Dec 2007; 5, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 26 Dec 2007; 6, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 7, Mutinondo, Zambia, 8 dec 2007; 8, Mufindi, Tanzania, highland Brachystegia woodland at 1830m, 26 Nov 2007; 9, Mufindi, Tanzania, 8 Dec 2007; 10, Hwange, Zimbabwe, 27 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267986/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figure 72.9</figureCitation>
). This is also the form illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFFAFFA49A1CF982FDE2BC6C" author="Woodhall, S. E." box="[374,567,1555,1580]" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="127 - 131" part="5" refId="ref47039" refString="Woodhall, S. E. (1994) Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 5, 127 - 131, plate 4." title="Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)" type="journal article" year="1994">Woodhall (1994)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFFAFFA49919F982FCB9BC6C" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." box="[627,876,1555,1580]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA499B7F985FCC4BC6C" box="[733,785,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
. (1997)
</bibRefCitation>
as the final instar caterpillar of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49F8FF982FAB7BC6C" box="[1253,1378,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49F8FF982FAB7BC6C" box="[1253,1378,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and probably the same as the fully mature, red caterpillar described and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFFAFFA49F5BF9A6FB08BC10" author="Coetzer" box="[1073,1245,1591,1616]" firstAuthor="Coetzer" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="96 - 98" refId="ref41723" refString="Coetzer, A. (2006) Notes on the early stages of Platylesches robusta Neave, 1910 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis, 17, 96 - 98." type="journal article" year="2006">Coetzer (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49BFDF9CAFEC8BC34" authorityName="Neave" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,285,1627,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49BFDF9CAFEC8BC34" box="[151,285,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Pl. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A. Coetzer pers. comm. 2010).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFAFFA49BFDF935FF07BCFB" blockId="68.[151,1437,1700,2012]" box="[151,210,1700,1723]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49BFDF935FF07BCFB" box="[151,210,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Pupa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFAFFA49BFDF959FCB2BDF8" blockId="68.[151,1437,1700,2012]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
It is possible that careful documentation of the pupae will also support the division of caterpillars into forms. However, before making progress with this, it will be necessary to document and understand the colour changes that occur as the pupa develops and matures. Pupae associated with the four forms of caterpillar are shown in
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFAFFA49BFDF8A2FEDFBD0C" box="[151,266,1843,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="68.[151,249,1150,1172]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,716,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-463@68.[151,1436,716,1129]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 76. Final instar head capsules and corresponding pupae of Platylesches moritili, collected on Parinari curatellifolia [TCEC]. 1, form alpha, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, form beta, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 3, form gamma, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 4, form delta, Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika, Zambia, 23 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267994/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figure 76</figureCitation>
. The
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49A27F8A2FE1EBD0C" box="[333,459,1843,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49A27F8A2FE1EBD0C" box="[333,459,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD55ADFFFAFFA499DCF8A2FC64BD0C" author="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F." box="[694,945,1843,1868]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref42867" refString="Henning, G. A. &amp; Henning, S. F. (1997) Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis, 8 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="1997">
Henning
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA4984BF8A5FC80BD0C" box="[801,853,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
. (1997)
</bibRefCitation>
associated with a
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49FE1F8A2FAD6BD0C" box="[1163,1283,1843,1868]" form="delta" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49FA1F8A2FAD6BD0C" box="[1227,1283,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">delta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
caterpillar is similar to those shown for forms
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA4996DF8C6FD92BD30" box="[519,583,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">alpha</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA4993EF8C9FD72BD2F" box="[596,679,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">gamma</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA499B1F8C6FCC6BD30" box="[731,787,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">delta</emphasis>
. The pupa shown for
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49F6CF8C6FBA6BD30" box="[1030,1139,1879,1904]" form="beta" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49F29F8C6FBA6BD30" box="[1091,1139,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">beta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFAFFA49FEBF8C6FAD0BD30" box="[1153,1285,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="68.[151,249,1150,1172]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,716,1129]" captionTargetId="figure-463@68.[151,1436,716,1129]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 76. Final instar head capsules and corresponding pupae of Platylesches moritili, collected on Parinari curatellifolia [TCEC]. 1, form alpha, Rondo Plateau, southern coastal Tanzania, in forest clearings at about 850m, 28 Feb 2007; 2, form beta, Mufindi Escarpment, south central Tanzania, in savannah grassland at about 1250m, 4 May 2007; 3, form gamma, Rondo Plateau, Tanzania, 28 Feb 2007; 4, form delta, Mutinondo Wilderness, Mpika, Zambia, 23 Dec 2007." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267994/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figure 76.2</figureCitation>
) has the head and dorsal parts of the thorax and abdomen brown, but it is not clear that this difference is significant, rather than the result of being photographed at a later stage in development.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFAFFA59BADF852FCEEBB25" blockId="68.[151,1437,1700,2012]" lastBlockId="69.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
The pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFAFFA49A3CF852FE32BD9B" box="[342,487,1987,2012]" form="gamma" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFAFFA49AFEF855FE32BD9B" box="[404,487,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(88/24) from
<collectingCountry id="F33B68CCFFFAFFA499EFF852FD28BD9C" box="[645,765,1987,2012]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
is shown in
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFAFFA498E1F852FC2EBD9B" box="[907,1019,1987,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="69.[151,249,1687,1709]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1157,1666]" captionTargetId="figure-512@69.[151,1436,1157,1666]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 77. Pupa of Platylesches moritili reared from a form gamma caterpillar collected 20 Mar 1988 on Parinari curatellifolia, Mukuvisi Woodland, Harare, Zimbabwe; 19mm; died; MJWC 88/24(1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267996/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figure 77</figureCitation>
. It was formed within a leaf roll, in a thin but tough silk cocoon. In shape, rounded, with no protuberances, except the T1 spiracle slightly protuberant; the proboscis sheath extends
<quantity id="4CD485B9FFFBFFA59A8EFF2DFDE7BA95" box="[484,562,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2mm</quantity>
beyond the arcuate tip of the fore wings. The cuticle was translucent, so the colouring will vary during development, recently formed, this pupa was dull white, the abdomen yellowish; frontally, a dull black arc, the arms angled ventrally; diffuse brown stripe down eye; spiracle T1 brown; thorax and abdomen with scattered pale setae, those on head and T1 shorter, erect; those on T2–3 longer curved anteriorly; those on abdomen shorter, erect, straight, angled posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFBFFA59BFDFE05FE9ABBEC" blockId="69.[151,1436,404,573]" box="[151,335,404,429]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFBFFA59BFDFE05FE9ABBEC" box="[151,335,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Natural enemies</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFBFFA59BFDFE26FC50B87B" blockId="69.[151,1436,404,573]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
A mature caterpillar of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFBFFA59AC4FE26FD97BB90" box="[430,578,439,464]" form="gamma" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" rank="form">
form
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFBFFA59A9AFE28FD97BB90" box="[496,578,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">gamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected at Mukuvisi Woodland,
<collectingRegion id="49E8E6BEFFFBFFA598B3FE29FBF0BB8F" box="[985,1061,440,463]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Harare</collectingRegion>
(88/24(2)) was parasitised by a gregarious
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFBFFA59A7CFE4DFE51BBB5" box="[278,388,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFBFFA59A7CFE4DFE51BBB5" box="[278,388,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Apanteles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFBFFA59AFDFE4DFE6DBBB5" box="[407,440,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">s.l.</emphasis>
) sp. (
<figureCitation id="131734D9FFFBFFA59A96FE4DFDA5BBB5" box="[508,624,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="67.[151,249,1769,1791]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1403,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-363@67.[151,1436,1403,1748]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 74. Final instar caterpillar of Platylesches moritili form beta collected 20 Mar 1988 on Parinari curatellifolia, Mukuvisi Woodland, Harare, Zimbabwe, MJWC 88/24(2). 1, caterpillar, dorsal view, and associated cocoon mass of indet. Apanteles (s.l.) sp.; 2, detail of head in dorsoanterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5267990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5267990/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figure 74</figureCitation>
). The larvae of this parasitoid spun their cocoons in an elongate white mass adjacent to the host cadavar, with the cocoons orientating along the length of the mass. Ten female and
<specimenCount id="9D2AE3D5FFFBFFA59E36FD91FF18B87D" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="male">seven male</specimenCount>
adults were obtained, and have been deposited in the BMNH.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFBFFA59BFDFDFCFEC7B8C4" blockId="69.[151,1437,621,1112]" box="[151,274,621,644]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFBFFA59BFDFDFCFEC7B8C4" box="[151,274,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Discussion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93285CFFFBFFA59BFDFD01FCDCBE17" blockId="69.[151,1437,621,1112]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
It appears that
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFBFFA59A56FD1EFE45B8E8" box="[316,400,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFBFFA59A56FD1EFE45B8E8" box="[316,400,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be a complex of several species with very similar adults, but with differing caterpillars, and perhaps differing pupae and habitat preferences. The alternative explanation is that
<taxonomicName id="4C2C53DFFFFBFFA59FF1FD25FACCB88D" box="[1179,1305,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Platylesches" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moritili">
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFBFFA59FF1FD25FACCB88D" box="[1179,1305,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Pl. moritili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a single species, but has a variety of distinct caterpillar forms and occurs in diverse habitats. We believe this is unlikely, given that the larvae remain hidden in their shelters during the hours of daylight, so that there would be little selective advantage in having a variety of forms. Another possibility might be that different populations have extra instars in response to environmental conditions and become progressively paler in their head markings (moving from
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFBFFA59BBCFCF6FEC3B9C0" box="[214,278,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">alpha</emphasis>
to
<emphasis id="B958F44EFFFBFFA59A55FCF6FEA2B9C0" box="[319,375,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">delta</emphasis>
), without becoming much larger. More rearing and detailed observations on the consecutive instars would be needed to assess this, but we are inclined to discount this possibility, particularly for those species that make tube shelters, which complete their development rapidly to take advantage of flush leaf growth. T.B. Larsen (pers. comm. 2012) has not noted any significant differences in genitalia of this ‘species’ from all over Africa, but has not yet purposively compared the various forms from localities where they are sympatric. Documented individual rearing of series from a variety of localities and habitats, complemented with the use of molecular methods, should resolve this interesting case.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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