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<document ID-DOI="10.1206/3986.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1665199125733" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith, Krister T., Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S. &amp; Bloch, Jonathan I." docDate="2022" docId="7F25F61EFF93FF992197FB36FD24EFF1" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2022.3986.1-36.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2022 (3986)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2022/issue-3986/3986.1/New-Diminutive-Eocene-Lizard-Reveals-High-K-Pg-Survivorship-and/10.1206/3986.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.4:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Blutwurstia oliviae Smith &amp; Bhullar &amp; Bloch 2022, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="831C8E66FF85FF81204DFF97FFE9ED11" masterDocTitle="New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1665199537125" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New diminutive Eocene lizard reveals high K-Pg survivorship and taxonomic diversity of stem xenosaurs in North America</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Krister T.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bloch, Jonathan I.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-02-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>2022</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3986</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>36</mods:end>
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<mods:url>https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2022/issue-3986/3986.1/New-Diminutive-Eocene-Lizard-Reveals-High-K-Pg-Survivorship-and/10.1206/3986.1.full</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1206/3986.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F25F61EFF93FF992197FB36FD24EFF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F25F61EFF93FF992197FB36FD24EFF1" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection box="[474,845,1185,1212]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="22.[474,845,1185,1212]" box="[474,845,1185,1212]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading box="[474,845,1185,1212]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="5">
<taxonomicName authority="Smith &amp; Bhullar &amp; Bloch, 2022" authorityName="Smith &amp; Bhullar &amp; Bloch" authorityYear="2022" box="[474,692,1185,1211]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Blutwurstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oliviae" status="new species">
<emphasis box="[474,692,1185,1211]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Blutwurstia oliviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[707,845,1185,1212]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="22.[591,729,1241,1267]" box="[591,729,1241,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading box="[591,729,1241,1267]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="7">
<figureCitation box="[591,729,1241,1267]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStartId-0="9.[109,151,1350,1371]" captionStartId-1="12.[109,151,961,982]" captionStartId-2="14.[108,150,681,702]" captionStartId-3="17.[685,727,1626,1647]" captionStartId-4="19.[108,150,1103,1124]" captionTargetBox-0="[320,1000,225,1325]" captionTargetBox-1="[320,1000,224,932]" captionTargetBox-2="[109,1212,225,653]" captionTargetBox-3="[108,661,224,1760]" captionTargetBox-4="[375,944,225,1077]" captionTargetId-0="figure-103@9.[320,1000,225,1325]" captionTargetId-1="figure-309@12.[320,1000,221,932]" captionTargetId-2="figure-355@14.[109,1213,225,654]" captionTargetId-3="figure-256@17.[108,661,224,1760]" captionTargetId-4="figure-213@19.[375,944,225,1077]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="17" captionTargetPageId-4="19" captionText-0="FIG. 2. Nearly complete left maxilla of USNM PAL 768729. A, lateral and B, medial views. Medial view also shows the palpebral, which remained attached to the maxilla.C, Close-up of third (preserved) maxillary tooth from rear. Abbreviations: ASAF, anterior superior alveolar foramen; cr.tv., crista transversalis; fac.pr., facial process; j.gr., jugal groove; l.fac., lacrimal facet; lat.r., lateral ridge (= crista lateralis); l.rec., lacrimal recess; n.fac., nasal facet; palp., palpebral; prf.rec., prefrontal recess." captionText-1="FIG. 3. Right jugal of USNM PAL 768729. A, lateral and B, medial views. Abbreviations: mx.fac., maxillary facet; qj.tub., quadratojugal tubercle." captionText-2="FIG. 4. Partial left mandible of USNM PAL 768729 in medial view. A, Articular region, with broken retroarticular process. B, Middle region, including coronoid and angular. Abbreviations: ang., angular; cb.I, ceratobranchial I; cn., coronoid; part., prearticular; p.mh.f., posterior mylohyoid foramen; ra.pr., retroarticular process; spl.fac., splenial facet." captionText-3="FIG. 5. Dorsal vertebra of USNM PAL 768729. A, dorsal, B, left lateral, and C, ventral views. Note the low neural spine. Abbreviations: cond., condyle; cot., cotyle; n.sp., neural spine; poz., postzygapophysis; prz., prezygapophysis; syn., synapophysis." captionText-4="FIG. 6. Central fragment of left scapulocoracoid of USNM PAL 768729. The scapula and coracoid are indistinguishably fused. Abbreviations: cc.for., coracoid foramen; gl.fos., glenoid fossa; sc-cc.fen., scapulocoracoid fenestra; sc.for., scapular foramen." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figures 26</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[108,1212,1297,1734]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
This nomenclatural act has been registered in ZooBank,
<uri pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act:
<uuid box="[190,754,1334,1361]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">261DB1A7-F9CB-4FE2-BC86-58B3DBA2B0EE</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="22.[108,1212,1297,1734]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="USNM" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="PAL 768729" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[156,289,1372,1398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode box="[303,387,1372,1398]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[397,544,1372,1398]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">PAL 768729</specimenCode>
(nearly complete left maxilla, left palpebral, left jugal, postdentary portion of left mandible, dorsal vertebra, presumably from a single individual).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[108,1212,1297,1734]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectionCode box="[156,487,1447,1473]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">HORIZON AND LOCALITY</collectionCode>
: 8abc Limestone, lower Eocene Willwood Formation,
<collectingRegion box="[108,227,1484,1510]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[156,711,1521,1548]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="22.[108,1212,1297,1734]" box="[156,711,1521,1548]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from
<typeStatus box="[562,613,1522,1548]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="22.[108,1212,1297,1734]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ETYMOLOGY: The made-up word “oliviae” is considered a noun in apposition (ICZN Article 31). Any similarity to the given name of O. Rieppel, whose contributions to our understanding of anguimorph lizards rank scarcely less than his contributions to philosophy of systematics, is purely coincidental. Such an honor might be seen as unctuous, olivaria (Latin, “of olives, olive oil”).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[108,150,863,884]" targetBox="[115,1212,229,835]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph blockId="23.[108,1216,861,973]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
FIG. 8. Phylogenetic relationships of USNM PAL 768729 based on four methods (
<emphasis box="[956,1200,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">above and opposite page</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,126,890,914]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
, Maximum parsimony with enforced molecular constraint. Numbers above branches are bootstrap support based on 1000 replications. Results with no constraint have identical topology with respect to Pan-Xenosaurus.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,124,949,973]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
, Standard Bayesian inference. Numbers above branches are posterior probabilities.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[965,982,949,973]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C</emphasis>
, Fossilized birth-death
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="23.[108,1214,1022,1757]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
DIAGNOSIS: Anguimorph lizard with trenchant, unicuspid, unstriated teeth lacking plicidentine. Shares with
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bhullar" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[366,502,1060,1085]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Xenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[366,502,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Xenosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and other pan-xenosaurs, in which they are known) the following apomorphies: posterior portion of nasal facet of maxilla folded towards the vertical; palpebral shaped like equilateral triangle with short, blunt posterolateral process; foramen in jugal adductor surface; and dorsal vertebrae with very short neural spine and depressed centrum. Primitive with respect to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gauthier" authorityYear="1982" box="[479,547,1210,1235]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Restes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[479,547,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Restes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[561,728,1209,1235]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Exostinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[561,672,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Exostinus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bhullar" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[791,926,1210,1235]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Xenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[791,926,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Xenosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following characters: teeth unicuspid, anterior end of lacrimal recess of maxilla more anterior, maxilla supradental thickening weak, and palpebral medial margin without S-curve. Shares with
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Entomophontes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Entomophontes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
the following apomorphies: increased length and reduced height of the facial process of the maxilla, increase in tooth diameter posteriorly in tooth row, and strong mesial and distal carinae on cheek teeth. Autapomorphies are its small size (SVL about
<quantity box="[1089,1151,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
) and poor development of the osteodermal crust on facial process of the maxilla in ontogenetically advanced individuals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="23.[108,1214,1022,1757]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
COMMENTS: While monophyly of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith and Gauthier" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[572,750,1507,1533]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Entomophontes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[572,750,1507,1533]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Entomophontes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with respect to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Bhullar &amp; Bloch" authorityYear="2022" box="[952,1088,1507,1533]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Blutwurstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[952,1088,1507,1533]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Blutwurstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is neither supported nor rejected by our phylogenetic analyses, the two differ in a significant character not covered by the data matrix, namely the presence of a thick osteodermal crust (on the maxilla, at least; the frontal and parietal being unknown in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Bhullar &amp; Bloch" authorityYear="2022" box="[769,876,1619,1645]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Blutwurstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oliviae">
<emphasis box="[769,876,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B. oliviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Gauthier" authorityYear="2013" box="[938,1087,1619,1645]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Entomophontes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hutchisoni">
<emphasis box="[938,1087,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E. hutchisoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). As more of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Bhullar &amp; Bloch" authorityYear="2022" box="[140,248,1657,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Blutwurstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oliviae">
<emphasis box="[140,248,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B. oliviae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[311,544,1657,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Entomophontes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[311,488,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Entomophontes</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
are discovered, it may become clear that recognition of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Bhullar &amp; Bloch" authorityYear="2022" box="[108,247,1694,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Blutwurstia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,247,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Blutwurstia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
renders
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith and Gauthier" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[369,551,1694,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Entomophontes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[369,551,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Entomophontes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paraphyletic, in which case the former should be synonymized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[114,1161,227,248]" box="[114,1161,227,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. FBD - no sampled ancestors D. FBD - sampled ancestors</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[234,1209,266,736]" box="[650,734,266,281]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bhullar" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[650,734,266,281]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Elgaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicarinata">
<emphasis box="[650,734,266,281]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">El.multicarinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="24.[234,1209,266,736]" box="[649,761,530,545]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1949" box="[649,761,530,545]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Xenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmanorum">
<emphasis box="[649,761,530,545]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">X.newmanorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[234,1209,266,736]" box="[649,732,568,583]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName box="[649,732,568,583]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Xenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyceps">
<emphasis box="[649,732,568,583]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">X.platyceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[234,1209,266,736]" box="[649,723,606,621]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="King &amp; Thompson" authorityYear="1968" box="[649,723,606,621]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Xenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agrenon">
<emphasis box="[649,723,606,621]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">X.agrenon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[234,1209,266,736]" box="[649,750,645,660]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Iverson" authorityYear="1993" box="[649,750,645,660]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Xenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rectocollaris">
<emphasis box="[649,750,645,660]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">X.rectocollaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[234,1209,266,736]" box="[649,729,683,698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stuart" authorityYear="1941" box="[649,729,683,698]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Xenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rackhami">
<emphasis box="[649,729,683,698]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">X.rackhami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[234,1209,266,736]" box="[649,717,721,736]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[649,717,721,736]" class="Reptilia" family="Xenosauridae" genus="Xenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis box="[649,717,721,736]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">X.grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>