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<mods:title id="9A8FD8BEC07FEDF35E7B4358FC73670D">Afrotropical Ceraphronoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) put back on the map with the description of 88 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="619F6AFA750F453079B4ED354B02DC40">Salden, Tobias</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="10651107E84BFEA8FDF9FC24FBE9FC6A" box="[548,1039,912,939]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FDF9FC24FBE9FC6A" ID-CoL="FBC8" authority="(Waterston, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Waterston" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[548,1039,912,939]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dictynna">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FDF9FC24FCD3FC6A" bold="true" box="[548,821,912,939]" italics="true" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Aphanogmus dictynna</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FC99FC25FBE1FC6A" author="Waterston J." box="[836,1031,913,939]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref190063" refString="Waterston J. 1923. Notes on parasitic Hymenoptera. Bulletin of Entomological Research 14: 103 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300028248" type="journal article" year="1923">Waterston, 1923</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="0388F5E0E84BFEA8FF60FC64FC31FB8A" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="reference_group">
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<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FF60FC64FDE8FC2B" author="Johnson N. F. &amp; Musetti L." box="[189,526,976,1002]" firstAuthor="Johnson" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref186379" refString="Johnson N. F. &amp; Musetti L. 2004. Catalog of systematic literature of the superfamily Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 33: 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="2004">Johnson &amp; Musetti 2004: 14</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84BFEA8FF60FBA4FC31FB8A" blockId="340.[189,1399,1039,1099]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6B828145E84BFEA8FF60FBA4FC31FB8A" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FF60FBA4FE22FBEB" ID-CoL="FBC8" baseAuthorityName="Waterston" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[189,452,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dictynna">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FF60FBA4FE22FBEB" box="[189,452,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Aphanogmus dictynna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="CA33807AE84BFEA8FE39FBA4FC80FBEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6218172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6218172" author="Buffington M. L. &amp; Polaszek A." box="[484,870,1039,1066]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C780612973BFFFEC1BD2B8BFBDDFD6E" page="65" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FE39FBA4FC80FBEB" author="Buffington M. L. &amp; Polaszek A." box="[484,870,1039,1066]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" pagination="62 - 68" refId="ref184469" refString="Buffington M. L. &amp; Polaszek A. 2009. Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya - an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 2214: 62 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2214.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Buffington &amp; Polaszek 2009: 65</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 6 (description, male genitalia, biology). —
<treatmentCitation id="CA33807AE84BFEA8FED2FB85FE47FB8A" author="Mikó" box="[271,417,1073,1099]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" year="2012 a">
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FED2FB85FE47FB8A" author="Miko I." box="[271,417,1073,1099]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" refId="ref187044" refString="Miko I. 2012 a. CLSM volume rendered media file showing the male genitalia of Aphanogmus dyctinna, dorsal view (PSUCIM _ 31660). figshare. Media. https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 104562. v 1" type="book" year="2012">Mikó 2012a</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="CA33807AE84BFEA8FE71FB85FE13FB8A" author="Mikó" box="[428,501,1073,1099]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" year="2012b">
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FE71FB85FE13FB8A" author="Miko I." box="[428,501,1073,1099]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" refId="ref187093" refString="Miko I. 2012 b. CLSM volume rendered media file showing the male genitalia of Aphanogmus dyctinna, ventral view (PSUCIM _ 31660). figshare. Media. https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 104561. v 1" type="book" year="2012">2012b</bibRefCitation>
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(male genitalia dorsal and ventral view).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0388F5E0E84BFEA8FF60FBC5FCC4FA9F" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="discussion">
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<heading id="10651107E84BFEA8FF60FBC5FEC9FB4A" bold="true" box="[189,303,1137,1163]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" reason="3">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FF60FBC5FEC9FB4A" bold="true" box="[189,303,1137,1163]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Remarks</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84BFEA8FF60FB29FCC4FA9F" blockId="340.[189,1399,1181,1374]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
Male and male genitalia known. Species delimitations (see
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FCA1FB2AFBE6FB76" authority="Salden &amp; Peters, 2023" authorityName="Salden &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2023" box="[892,1024,1181,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FCA1FB2AFBE6FB76" box="[892,1024,1181,1208]" italics="true" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">A. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="62D5C702E84BFEA8FBD5FB2AFB82FB79" box="[1032,1124,1182,1208]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FB43FB2AFAECFB76" authority="Salden &amp; Peters, 2023" authorityName="Salden &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2023" box="[1182,1290,1181,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kisiwa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FB43FB2AFAECFB76" box="[1182,1290,1181,1208]" italics="true" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">A. kisiwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="62D5C702E84BFEA8FACFFB2AFA89FB76" box="[1298,1391,1181,1208]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
) were done on the basis of the illustrated description by
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FC88FB0BFB76FB18" author="Waterston J." box="[853,1168,1215,1241]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref190063" refString="Waterston J. 1923. Notes on parasitic Hymenoptera. Bulletin of Entomological Research 14: 103 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300028248" type="journal article" year="1923">Waterston (1923: 114118</bibRefCitation>
, figs 78) and later detailed images of the male genitalia by
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FD64FB54FBCFFB3B" author="Buffington M. L. &amp; Polaszek A." box="[697,1065,1248,1274]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" pagination="62 - 68" refId="ref184469" refString="Buffington M. L. &amp; Polaszek A. 2009. Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya - an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 2214: 62 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2214.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Buffington &amp; Polaszek (2009)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FBB1FB54FAEDFB3B" author="Miko I." box="[1132,1291,1248,1274]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" refId="ref187044" refString="Miko I. 2012 a. CLSM volume rendered media file showing the male genitalia of Aphanogmus dyctinna, dorsal view (PSUCIM _ 31660). figshare. Media. https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 104562. v 1" type="book" year="2012">Mikó (2012a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FAC1FB54FA8CFB3B" author="Miko I." box="[1308,1386,1248,1274]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" refId="ref187093" refString="Miko I. 2012 b. CLSM volume rendered media file showing the male genitalia of Aphanogmus dyctinna, ventral view (PSUCIM _ 31660). figshare. Media. https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 104561. v 1" type="book" year="2012">2012b</bibRefCitation>
). Polaszek (in
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FE88FAB5FD41FADA" author="Buffington M. L. &amp; Polaszek A." box="[341,679,1281,1307]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" pagination="62 - 68" refId="ref184469" refString="Buffington M. L. &amp; Polaszek A. 2009. Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya - an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 2214: 62 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2214.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Buffington &amp; Polaszek 2009</bibRefCitation>
) assigned the species to the
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FC2AFAB5FAFCFADA" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1904" box="[1015,1306,1281,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hakonensis">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FC2AFAB5FAFCFADA" box="[1015,1306,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Aphanogmus hakonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex (described in
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FE07FA96FCF5FAFD" author="Polaszek A. &amp; Dessart P." box="[474,787,1314,1341]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref188636" refString="Polaszek A. &amp; Dessart P. 1996. Taxonomic problems in the Aphanogmus hakonensis species complex; (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) common hyperparasitoids in biocontrol programmes against lepidopterous pests in the tropics. Bulletin of Entomological Research 86: 419 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300035008" type="journal article" year="1996">Polaszek &amp; Dessart 1996</bibRefCitation>
) which is considering the published diagnostic characters part of the
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FE0CFAF0FD95FA9F" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[465,627,1348,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FE0CFAF0FD95FA9F" box="[465,627,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">A. fumipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0388F5E0E84BFEA8FF60FA37FBCAF9CC" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84BFEA8FF60FA37FEFAFA5C" blockId="340.[189,284,1411,1437]" box="[189,284,1411,1437]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
<heading id="10651107E84BFEA8FF60FA37FEFAFA5C" bold="true" box="[189,284,1411,1437]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" reason="3">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FF60FA37FEFAFA5C" bold="true" box="[189,284,1411,1437]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84BFEA8FF60FA04FBCAF9CC" blockId="340.[188,1399,1456,1549]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
Hyperparasitoid, parasitizes
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FDD7FA04FBEEFA0B" authority="Betrem, 1961" authorityName="Betrem" authorityYear="1961" box="[522,1032,1456,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Cephalonomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephanoderis">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FDD7FA04FC84FA0B" box="[522,866,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Cephalonomia stephanoderis</emphasis>
Betrem, 1961
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FBE2FA05FF11FA2D" authority="Waterston, 1923" authorityName="Waterston" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Prorops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FBE2FA05FB14FA0B" box="[1087,1266,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Prorops nasuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FB24FA05FF11FA2D" author="Waterston J." pageId="340" pageNumber="341" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref190063" refString="Waterston J. 1923. Notes on parasitic Hymenoptera. Bulletin of Entomological Research 14: 103 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300028248" type="journal article" year="1923">Waterston, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FEDAFA66FE4BFA2D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[263,429,1490,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FE64FA65FDDBFA2A" box="[441,573,1489,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bethylidae</taxonomicName>
), primary parasitoids of the coffee berry borer
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FBB7FA65FE8FF9CC" authority="(Ferrari, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Ferrari" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hypothenemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hampei">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FBB7FA65FA91FA2A" box="[1130,1399,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Hypothenemus hampei</emphasis>
(Ferrari, 1867)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FEA4FA47FDE6F9CC" box="[377,512,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84BFEA8FDD6FA47FD55F9CC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[523,691,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84BFEA8FD17FA47FBC6F9CC" author="Buffington M. L. &amp; Polaszek A." box="[714,1056,1523,1549]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" pagination="62 - 68" refId="ref184469" refString="Buffington M. L. &amp; Polaszek A. 2009. Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya - an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 2214: 62 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2214.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Buffington &amp; Polaszek 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0388F5E0E84BFEA8FF60F986FDA0F9B8" box="[189,582,1586,1658]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84BFEA8FF60F986FEB0F98D" blockId="340.[189,342,1586,1612]" box="[189,342,1586,1612]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
<heading id="10651107E84BFEA8FF60F986FEB0F98D" bold="true" box="[189,342,1586,1612]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" reason="3">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FF60F986FEB0F98D" bold="true" box="[189,342,1586,1612]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84BFEA8FF60F9EBFDA0F9B8" blockId="340.[189,582,1631,1658]" box="[189,582,1631,1658]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
Afrotropical:
<collectingCountry id="3385E6FBE84BFEA8FE80F9D4FE4CF9BB" box="[349,426,1632,1658]" name="Kenya" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="3385E6FBE84BFEA8FE3EF9EBFDA4F9B8" box="[483,578,1631,1657]" name="Uganda" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Uganda</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0388F5E0E84BFEA8FF60F92BFD48F8C6" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84BFEA8FF60F92BFE7EF979" blockId="340.[189,408,1694,1721]" box="[189,408,1694,1721]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
<heading id="10651107E84BFEA8FF60F92BFE7EF979" bold="true" box="[189,408,1694,1721]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" reason="3">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84BFEA8FF60F92BFE7EF979" bold="true" box="[189,408,1694,1721]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
<typeStatus id="942918C9E84BFEA8FF60F92BFF1CF978" box="[189,250,1695,1721]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">Type</typeStatus>
depositories
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84BFEA8FF60F97FFD48F8C6" blockId="340.[189,1399,1739,1799]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">
The female
<typeStatus id="942918C9E84BFEA8FE94F97FFE56F924" box="[329,432,1739,1765]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited at
<collectionCode id="2D833EAEE84BFEA8FDBBF978FD3FF927" box="[614,729,1740,1766]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
. Further specimens, at least
<specimenCount id="5D946DE2E84BFEA8FBFEF97FFB44F924" box="[1059,1186,1739,1765]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="female">30 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="5D946DE2E84BFEA8FB06F97FFAA1F924" box="[1243,1351,1739,1765]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="male">27 males</specimenCount>
, are deposited at
<collectionCode id="2D833EAEE84BFEA8FE8CF959FE7BF8C6" box="[337,413,1773,1799]" pageId="340" pageNumber="341">ICIPE</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="2D833EAEE84BFEA8FE74F959FDFEF8C6" box="[425,536,1773,1799]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="2D833EAEE84BFEA8FD8CF959FD4CF8C6" box="[593,682,1773,1799]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="340" pageNumber="341" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>