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<mods:title id="11D0F4E0DA8E67C3CE14379C0DEAF5CB">Afrotropical Ceraphronoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) put back on the map with the description of 88 new species</mods:title>
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<heading id="10651107E84AFEA9FDFCFB9CFBF4FB82" box="[545,1042,1064,1091]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FDFCFB9CFBF4FB82" ID-CoL="FBCJ" ID-ENA="2926122" authority="Thomson, 1858" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[545,1042,1064,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FDFCFB9CFCB5FB83" bold="true" box="[545,851,1064,1091]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">Aphanogmus fumipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FC87FB9CFBF4FB82" author="Thomson C. G." box="[858,1042,1064,1091]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="287 - 305" refId="ref189501" refString="Thomson C. G. 1858. Sveriges Proctotruper. Tredje Gruppen Ceraphronini. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskapsakademiens Forhandlingar 15: 287 - 305." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FF60FBDEFDDDFB44" author="Johnson N. F. &amp; Musetti L." box="[189,571,1130,1157]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref186379" refString="Johnson N. F. &amp; Musetti L. 2004. Catalog of systematic literature of the superfamily Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 33: 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="2004">Johnson &amp; Musetti 2004: 1517</bibRefCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FF60FB1FFE07FB04" box="[189,481,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">Aphanogmus fumipennis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CA33807AE84AFEA9FDD9FB1FFD7EFB04" author="Mikó, I." box="[516,664,1195,1221]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" year="2012c">
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FDD9FB1FFD7EFB04" author="Miko I." box="[516,664,1195,1221]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" refId="ref187044" refString="Miko I. 2012 a. CLSM volume rendered media file showing the male genitalia of Aphanogmus dyctinna, dorsal view (PSUCIM _ 31660). figshare. Media. https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 104562. v 1" type="book" year="2012">Mikó 2012c</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FD7BFB1FFD16FB04" author="Miko I." box="[678,752,1195,1221]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="3169" refId="ref187191" refString="Miko I. 2012 d. CLSM volume rendered media file showing the male genitalia of Aphanogmus fumipennis, median view 2 (PSUCIM _ 3169). figshare. Media. https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 100954. v 3" type="journal article" year="2012">2012d</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FD27FB1FFCE2FB04" bold="true" box="[762,772,1195,1221]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">(</emphasis>
male genitalia dorsal and median view). —
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<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FACAFB1FFE24FB28" author="Trietsch C. &amp; Miko I. &amp; Deans A. R." pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref189587" refString="Trietsch C., Miko I. &amp; Deans A. R. 2019. A photographic catalog of Ceraphronoidea types at the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), with comments on unpublished notes from Paul Dessart. European Journal of Taxonomy 502: 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2019.502" type="journal article" year="2019">
Trietsch
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FF37FB7BFEC3FB29" box="[234,293,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">et al.</emphasis>
2019: 1114
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.
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<heading id="10651107E84AFEA9FF60FAA4FEC9FAEB" bold="true" box="[189,303,1296,1322]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" reason="3">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FF60FAA4FEC9FAEB" bold="true" box="[189,303,1296,1322]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">Remarks</emphasis>
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Male and male genitalia known. The original description (
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FC85FA8AFBECFA98" author="Thomson C. G." box="[856,1034,1342,1369]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="287 - 305" refId="ref189501" refString="Thomson C. G. 1858. Sveriges Proctotruper. Tredje Gruppen Ceraphronini. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskapsakademiens Forhandlingar 15: 287 - 305." type="journal article" year="1858">Thomson 1858</bibRefCitation>
) is short and only insufficiently characterizes the species.
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FE35FAD6FD33FABD" author="Dessart P." box="[488,725,1377,1404]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="387 - 416" refId="ref184789" refString="Dessart P. 1963 a. Contribution a l'etude des Hymenopteres Proctotrupoidea (II). Revision des Aphanogmus decrits par C. G. Thomson. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe royale d'Entomologie de Belqigue 99: 387 - 416." type="journal article" year="1963">Dessart (1963a: 394</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1213) provided a description of a female and a male specimen, including a drawing of the male genitalia.
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FC9BFA31FC03FA5E" author="Miko I." box="[838,997,1413,1439]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" refId="ref187142" refString="Miko I. 2012 c. CLSM volume rendered media file showing the male genitalia of Aphanogmus fumipennis, dorsal view (PSUCIM _ 3168). figshare. Media. https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 100590. v 2" type="book" year="2012">Mikó (2012c</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FC2EFA31FBD8FA5E" author="Miko I." box="[1011,1086,1413,1439]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="3169" refId="ref187191" refString="Miko I. 2012 d. CLSM volume rendered media file showing the male genitalia of Aphanogmus fumipennis, median view 2 (PSUCIM _ 3169). figshare. Media. https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 100954. v 3" type="journal article" year="2012">2012d</bibRefCitation>
) provided CLSM volume rendered media files of male genitalia. With this detailed information at hand, robust species delimitations based on the male genitalia are possible (see remarks under
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FCB0FA78FBE0FA24" authority="Salden &amp; Peters, 2023" authorityName="Salden &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2023" box="[877,1030,1483,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosicoxa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FCB0FA78FBE0FA24" box="[877,1030,1483,1510]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">A. pilosicoxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="62D5C702E84AFEA9FBD1FA78FB81FA27" box="[1036,1127,1484,1510]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FBADFA78FAF7FA24" authority="Salden &amp; Peters, 2023" authorityName="Salden &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2023" box="[1136,1297,1483,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraterculus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FBADFA78FAF7FA24" box="[1136,1297,1483,1510]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">A. fraterculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="62D5C702E84AFEA9FACBFA78FA94FA27" box="[1302,1394,1484,1510]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FF32FA5BFEBBF9C9" authority="Salden &amp; Peters, 2023" authorityName="Salden &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2023" box="[239,349,1518,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simbai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FF32FA5BFEBBF9C9" box="[239,349,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">A. simbai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="62D5C702E84AFEA9FEB9FA5BFE25F9C8" box="[356,451,1519,1545]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). However, the identity of
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FD26FA5BFC7BF9C8" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[763,925,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FD26FA5BFC7BF9C8" box="[763,925,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">A. fumipennis</emphasis>
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is uncertain as it might subsume several species (Mikó I., pers. com.).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0388F5E0E84AFEA9FF60F9E7FEFCF88D" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" type="biology_ecology">
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<heading id="10651107E84AFEA9FF60F9E7FEFAF9AC" bold="true" box="[189,284,1619,1645]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" reason="3">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FF60F9E7FEFAF9AC" bold="true" box="[189,284,1619,1645]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84AFEA9FF60F936FEFCF88D" blockId="341.[189,1400,1666,1868]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">
Parasitoid, parasitizes larvae of gall midges (
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FD24F936FCB1F95D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[761,855,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
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) which prey on Coccoidea (
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FF18F911FEA3F97E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[197,325,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FE82F911FDD9F901" author="Dessart P." box="[351,575,1701,1728]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref185119" refString="Dessart P. 1975 c. Materiel typique des microhymenoptera myrmecophiles de la Collection Wasmanndepose au Museum Wasmannianum a Maastricht (Pays-Bas). Publicaties van Het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg 24: 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1975">Dessart 1975c: 25</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FD8AF911FC7BF97E" author="Dessart P. &amp; Bournier A." box="[599,925,1701,1727]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="116 - 118" refId="ref185651" refString="Dessart P. &amp; Bournier A. 1971. Thrips tabaci Lindman (Thysanoptera), hote inattendu d' Aphanogmus fumipennis (Thomson) (Hym. Ceraphronidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe royale entomologique de Belgique 107: 116 - 118." type="journal article" year="1971">Dessart &amp; Bournier (1971)</bibRefCitation>
reported that
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FB96F911FB16F97E" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[1099,1264,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FB96F911FB16F97E" box="[1099,1264,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">A. fumipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
parasitizes the pronymphal stages of
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FE2EF97CFC8BF923" authority="Lindemann, 1889" authorityName="Lindemann" authorityYear="1889" box="[499,877,1736,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Thrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FE2EF97CFD74F923" box="[499,658,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">Thrips tabaci</emphasis>
Lindemann, 1889
</taxonomicName>
. This is considered as an accidental host by
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FF63F958FE98F8C7" author="Dessart P." box="[190,382,1771,1798]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref185119" refString="Dessart P. 1975 c. Materiel typique des microhymenoptera myrmecophiles de la Collection Wasmanndepose au Museum Wasmannianum a Maastricht (Pays-Bas). Publicaties van Het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg 24: 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1975">Dessart (1975c)</bibRefCitation>
. In the same paper,
<bibRefCitation id="2F03DB9AE84AFEA9FDB3F958FCCCF8C7" author="Dessart P." box="[622,810,1771,1798]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref185119" refString="Dessart P. 1975 c. Materiel typique des microhymenoptera myrmecophiles de la Collection Wasmanndepose au Museum Wasmannianum a Maastricht (Pays-Bas). Publicaties van Het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg 24: 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1975">Dessart (1975c)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that
<taxonomicName id="8C92DDE8E84AFEA9FC31F958FB69F8C4" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1858" box="[1004,1167,1771,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Ceraphronidae" genus="Aphanogmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FC31F958FB69F8C4" box="[1004,1167,1771,1798]" italics="true" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">A. fumipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often considered as a species associated with ants, but these statements are not reliable given the unclear identity of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0388F5E0E84AFEA9FF60F8C7FC1EF87A" box="[189,1016,1907,1980]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84AFEA9FF60F8C7FEB0F84C" blockId="341.[189,342,1907,1933]" box="[189,342,1907,1933]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">
<heading id="10651107E84AFEA9FF60F8C7FEB0F84C" bold="true" box="[189,342,1907,1933]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="341" pageNumber="342" reason="3">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E84AFEA9FF60F8C7FEB0F84C" bold="true" box="[189,342,1907,1933]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE84AFEA9FF60F815FC1EF87A" blockId="341.[189,1016,1953,1980]" box="[189,1016,1953,1980]" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">
Afrotropical (including
<collectingCountry id="3385E6FBE84AFEA9FE08F816FDC0F87D" box="[469,550,1954,1980]" name="Kenya" pageId="341" pageNumber="342">Kenya</collectingCountry>
), Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0388F5E0E849FEAAFF60FEBDFB74FE90" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE849FEAAFF60FEBDFE7EFEE3" blockId="342.[189,408,264,291]" box="[189,408,264,291]" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">
<heading id="10651107E849FEAAFF60FEBDFE7EFEE3" bold="true" box="[189,408,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" reason="3">
<emphasis id="79E67A79E849FEAAFF60FEBDFE7EFEE3" bold="true" box="[189,408,264,291]" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">Type depositories</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B2DA66BE849FEAAFF60FE83FB74FE90" blockId="342.[189,1170,311,338]" box="[189,1170,311,338]" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">
Female
<typeStatus id="942918C9E849FEAAFEC6FE83FE64FE90" box="[283,386,311,337]" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
deposited in
<collectionCode id="2D833EAEE849FEAAFDC2FE8CFD9FFE93" box="[543,633,312,338]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="342" pageNumber="343">MNHN</collectionCode>
and the male
<typeStatus id="942918C9E849FEAAFCC0FE83FC9AFE90" box="[797,892,311,337]" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
is deposited in
<collectionCode id="2D833EAEE849FEAAFBEEFE83FB6BFE90" box="[1075,1165,311,337]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="342" pageNumber="343" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>