treatments-xml/data/8E/D7/80/8ED780A7873E52C0B6CF7DEDE269AA39.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.34759" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ede4eefa-fefd-4476-b24e-0b16ac34b152" ID-PMC="PMC6813173" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-881-91" ID-Pensoft-UUID="51194E2C588B568CAA440C9448AC4385" ID-PubMed="31662612" ID-ZooBank="C60E83150A5A4D7CA4EEDDC6C3257474" ModsDocID="1313-2970-881-91" checkinTime="1571384724014" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xu, Yu, Li, Yang, Zhan, Zifeng &amp; Xu, Kuidong" docDate="2019" docId="8ED780A7873E52C0B6CF7DEDE269AA39" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 881: 91-107" docOrigin="ZooKeys 881" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.34759" docTitle="Chrysogorgia binata Xu, Li, Zhan &amp; Xu, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D9FCB01F-49B7-4BBA-B3F0-D40026DB6519" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="51194E2C588B568CAA440C9448AC4385" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="51194E2C588B568CAA440C9448AC4385" masterDocTitle="Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of two new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from Kocebu Guyot (Magellan seamounts) in the Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1668167905378" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of two new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from Kocebu Guyot (Magellan seamounts) in the Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xu, Yu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Yang</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhan, Zifeng</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xu, Kuidong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>881</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>91</mods:start>
<mods:end>107</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.34759</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.34759</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-881-91</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C60E83150A5A4D7CA4EEDDC6C3257474</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">51194E2C588B568CAA440C9448AC4385</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159754719" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D9FCB01F-49B7-4BBA-B3F0-D40026DB6519" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8ED780A7873E52C0B6CF7DEDE269AA39" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName LSID="8ED780A7-873E-52C0-B6CF-7DEDE269AA39" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia binata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">Chrysogorgia binata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="91">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology of the holotype and polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Two planar fans of the colony after fixation B The holotype (arrow) in situ. Laser dots spaced at 33 cm used for measuring dimensions C The colony after collection D A single polyp under SEM E Single terminal polyp under light microscope F Short trunk with the first bifurcation of branches after fixation. Scale bars: 10 cm (A); 5 cm (C); 1 mm (D, E); 1 cm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347795" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4">Figs 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Three polyps under SEM B Head and body of one polyp under SEM. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347796" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Sclerites in the basal part of the polyp body B Sclerites in the point at the base of a naked tract below each tentacle. Scale bar: 300 μm (all at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347797" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure6">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Sclerites around the sides of each naked tract B Sclerites in the back of tentacles C Sclerites of the coenenchyme D Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bar: 100 μm (all at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347798" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7">7</figureCitation>
<tableCitation captionStartId="T1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EFAF205766322083B9365876FCFC58DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="EFAF205766322083B9365876FCFC58DC">; Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
MBM286346, station FX-Dive 173 (
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="28.69" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="17.478167">17°28.69'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="153" direction="east" minutes="09.95" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="153.16583">153°09.95'E</geoCoordinate>
), Kocebu Guyot, depth 1669 m, 7 April 2018. GenBank accession number: MK431862.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(&quot;group C, Squamosae typicae&quot;) with a biflabellate colony and a short main stem. Polyps 3-5 mm tall. Scales smooth and thin in the basal part of polyps body with various shape, up to 1 mm long. Scales in the upper part of polyps of various shapes, converged to form an inconspicuous and blunt point at the base of a naked tract below each tentacle. Scales bluntly lancet-shaped, often with numerous coarse granules, longitudinally arranged around both sides of each naked tract. Scales irregular and coarse, usually with lobed edges in the back of tentacles. Scales of coenenchyme slipper-shaped with a medial contraction. Nematozooids absent from coenenchyme.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
Specimen with two attached individuals of the crustacean genus 
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Donacidae" genus="Galathea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galathea" order="Cardiida" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Galathea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1793 (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology of the holotype and polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Two planar fans of the colony after fixation B The holotype (arrow) in situ. Laser dots spaced at 33 cm used for measuring dimensions C The colony after collection D A single polyp under SEM E Single terminal polyp under light microscope F Short trunk with the first bifurcation of branches after fixation. Scale bars: 10 cm (A); 5 cm (C); 1 mm (D, E); 1 cm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347795" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Main stem short with a principal bifurcation, forming two roughly parallel, fans (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology of the holotype and polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Two planar fans of the colony after fixation B The holotype (arrow) in situ. Laser dots spaced at 33 cm used for measuring dimensions C The colony after collection D A single polyp under SEM E Single terminal polyp under light microscope F Short trunk with the first bifurcation of branches after fixation. Scale bars: 10 cm (A); 5 cm (C); 1 mm (D, E); 1 cm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347795" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4">Fig. 4A, F</figureCitation>
). Calcareous holdfast small and white, about 7 mm in diameter (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology of the holotype and polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Two planar fans of the colony after fixation B The holotype (arrow) in situ. Laser dots spaced at 33 cm used for measuring dimensions C The colony after collection D A single polyp under SEM E Single terminal polyp under light microscope F Short trunk with the first bifurcation of branches after fixation. Scale bars: 10 cm (A); 5 cm (C); 1 mm (D, E); 1 cm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347795" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Major branches of each fan subdivided dichotomously or sympodially. Specimen about 16 cm long and 15 cm wide with a brilliant golden axis, and the stem about 1.5 mm in diameter at base (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology of the holotype and polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Two planar fans of the colony after fixation B The holotype (arrow) in situ. Laser dots spaced at 33 cm used for measuring dimensions C The colony after collection D A single polyp under SEM E Single terminal polyp under light microscope F Short trunk with the first bifurcation of branches after fixation. Scale bars: 10 cm (A); 5 cm (C); 1 mm (D, E); 1 cm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347795" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Internodes about 5-9 mm long, each with a single polyp except the terminal twigs, which may sometimes have two polyps. Polyps large and orange in situ, about 3-5 mm tall by 1-2 mm wide, with sclerites forming an inconspicuous blunt point at the base of a naked tract below each tentacle (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology of the holotype and polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Two planar fans of the colony after fixation B The holotype (arrow) in situ. Laser dots spaced at 33 cm used for measuring dimensions C The colony after collection D A single polyp under SEM E Single terminal polyp under light microscope F Short trunk with the first bifurcation of branches after fixation. Scale bars: 10 cm (A); 5 cm (C); 1 mm (D, E); 1 cm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347795" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Three polyps under SEM B Head and body of one polyp under SEM. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347796" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5">5A</figureCitation>
). Terminal polyps usually with a long and narrow body (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology of the holotype and polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Two planar fans of the colony after fixation B The holotype (arrow) in situ. Laser dots spaced at 33 cm used for measuring dimensions C The colony after collection D A single polyp under SEM E Single terminal polyp under light microscope F Short trunk with the first bifurcation of branches after fixation. Scale bars: 10 cm (A); 5 cm (C); 1 mm (D, E); 1 cm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347795" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347795" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Figure 4.</emphasis>
External morphology of the holotype and polyps of 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia binata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia binata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
Two planar fans of the colony after fixation 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
The holotype (arrow) in situ. Laser dots spaced at 33 cm used for measuring dimensions 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C</emphasis>
The colony after collection 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">D</emphasis>
A single polyp under SEM 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">E</emphasis>
Single terminal polyp under light microscope 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">F</emphasis>
Short trunk with the first bifurcation of branches after fixation. Scale bars: 10 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
); 5 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">D, E</emphasis>
); 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="EFAF205766322083B9365876FCFC58DC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EFAF205766322083B9365876FCFC58DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Table 1.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with planar structure. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“–”">&quot;-&quot;</normalizedToken>
means missing data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Characters/Species</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. binata" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="binata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. binata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. chryseis" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="chryseis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. chryseis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. desbonni" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="desbonni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. desbonni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. electra" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="electra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. electra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pinnata" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scintillans" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. stellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. upsilonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="upsilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. upsilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Group type</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">C</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">B</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">A</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">C</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">A</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">C</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">B</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">D</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Colony shape</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">biflabellate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">biflabellate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">biflabellate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">biflabellate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">flabellate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">biflabellate or multiflabellate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">multiflabellate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">flabellate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Internode length (mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">5-9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">3-4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">6-12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">3-3.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">6-7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">8-10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">4-30</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Polyp height (mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">3-5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">up to 2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">up to 2.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">1.75-2.00</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">up to 2.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">up to 2.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">2-4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">up to 4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Eight points beneath the tentacles</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">short and blunt</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">long and sharp</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">inconspicuous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">inconspicuous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">inconspicuous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">short and blunt</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">long and sharp</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">inconspicuous</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Sclerites in body wall</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">scales various shape with low and broad marginal lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">scales terete, tapering smoothly toward pointed ends with weak and broad marginal lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">spindles often curved, somewhat flattened</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">scales elongate with narrow prominent marginal lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">rods elongate with flattened tips</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">scales various shape with low and broad marginal lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">scales terete with broad marginal lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">spindles tuberculate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Maximum length of scale in body wall (mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.93</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.56</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">1.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.67</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Sclerites in tentacles</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">scales</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">rods and scales</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">rods and scales</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">scales</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">rods</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">scales</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">rods and scales</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">scales</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Maximum length of rods in tentacles (mm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">0.16</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Scale shape in coenenchyme</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">mainly slipper shape</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">various shape with prominent marginal lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">elongate, warty with irregular margins</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">elongate, tapered with prominent marginal lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">relatively smooth with finely serrate edges</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">mainly slipper shape</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">elongate with more or less marginal lobes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">with serrate margins</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Nematozooids on stem and large branches</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">conspicuous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Distribution</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Western Pacific</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Western Pacific</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Western Atlantic</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Western Pacific</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Eastern Pacific</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Central and Eastern Pacific</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Central Pacific</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">South Atlantic</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">References</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">Present study</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="257 - 279" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1988. A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 257 - 279" title="A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific." volume="101" year="1988">Bayer and Stefani 1988</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" refId="B4" refString="Cairns, SD, 2001. . https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2" url="https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[243:SOWAOG]2.0.CO;2" year="2001">Cairns 2001</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="257 - 279" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1988. A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 257 - 279" title="A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific." volume="101" year="1988">Bayer and Stefani 1988</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="511 - 541" refId="B5" refString="Cairns, SD, 2007. Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the Eastern Pacific seamounts. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58: 511 - 541" title="Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the Eastern Pacific seamounts." volume="58" year="2007">Cairns 2007</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="257 - 279" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1988. A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 257 - 279" title="A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific." volume="101" year="1988">Bayer and Stefani 1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 46" refId="B6" refString="Cairns, SD, 2018. Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1 - 46" title="Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" volume="729" year="2018">Cairns 2018</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.341624.543" author="Nutting, CC" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="543 - 601" refId="B18" refString="Nutting, CC, 1908. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 34: 543 - 601" title="Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.341624.543" volume="34" year="1908">Nutting 1908</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="257 - 279" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1988. A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 257 - 279" title="A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific." volume="101" year="1988">Bayer and Stefani 1988</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.4" author="Cordeiro, RTS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="81 - 100" refId="B7" refString="Cordeiro, RTS, Castro, CB, Perez, CD, 2015. Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883. Zootaxa 4058: 81 - 100" title="Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.4" volume="4058" year="2015">Cordeiro et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
In the basal part of the polyp body, the sclerites comprise transversally arranged, large, smooth scales. They represent a variety of shapes, a few with broad marginal lobes, length by width measuring 216-936 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
58-283 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, with an average of 549 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
166 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Three polyps under SEM B Head and body of one polyp under SEM. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347796" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Sclerites in the basal part of the polyp body B Sclerites in the point at the base of a naked tract below each tentacle. Scale bar: 300 μm (all at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347797" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure6">6A</figureCitation>
). There are also scales in the upper part of polyps of various shapes, sometimes thick and with a medial contraction, often sharp at one end, broad and lobed at the other, which combine to form an inconspicuous and blunt point at the base of a naked tract below each tentacle; measuring 275-635 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
77-254 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, with an average of 451 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
151 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Three polyps under SEM B Head and body of one polyp under SEM. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347796" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Sclerites in the basal part of the polyp body B Sclerites in the point at the base of a naked tract below each tentacle. Scale bar: 300 μm (all at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347797" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure6">6B</figureCitation>
). Above these points are irregular, elongate or lancet-shaped scales mostly with coarse granules on surface, that are arranged longitudinally around the sides of each naked tract. The scales measure 337-650 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
45-85 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
with an average 431 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
70 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Three polyps under SEM B Head and body of one polyp under SEM. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347796" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Sclerites around the sides of each naked tract B Sclerites in the back of tentacles C Sclerites of the coenenchyme D Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bar: 100 μm (all at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347798" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7">7A</figureCitation>
). The scales in the back of tentacles are coarse, of various shapes, mostly flat and lobed, and densely and transversally arranged, measuring 88-352 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
19-149 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, with an average of 183 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
55 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Three polyps under SEM B Head and body of one polyp under SEM. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347796" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Sclerites around the sides of each naked tract B Sclerites in the back of tentacles C Sclerites of the coenenchyme D Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bar: 100 μm (all at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347798" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7">7B</figureCitation>
). The scales in the pinnules are curved at an obtuse angle, and are sometimes thick with a few lobes on their edges; measuring 87-196 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
19-34 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, with an average of 152 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
27 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Sclerites around the sides of each naked tract B Sclerites in the back of tentacles C Sclerites of the coenenchyme D Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bar: 100 μm (all at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347798" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). The scales of the coenenchyme are generally slipper-shaped, some elongate elliptical, occasionally with indentations in their edges, and measure 138-361 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
40-87 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, with an average of 222 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
56 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Sclerites around the sides of each naked tract B Sclerites in the back of tentacles C Sclerites of the coenenchyme D Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bar: 100 μm (all at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347798" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). The coenenchyme is thin with no nematozooids.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347796" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Polyps of 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia binata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia binata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
Three polyps under SEM 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
Head and body of one polyp under SEM. Scale bars: 2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347797" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Sclerites of 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia binata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia binata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
Sclerites in the basal part of the polyp body 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
Sclerites in the point at the base of a naked tract below each tentacle. Scale bar: 300 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(all at the same scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347798" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Sclerites of 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia binata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia binata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
Sclerites around the sides of each naked tract 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
Sclerites in the back of tentacles 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C</emphasis>
Sclerites of the coenenchyme 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">D</emphasis>
Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bar: 100 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(all at the same scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
The Latin adjective 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">binatus</emphasis>
(binate) refers to the biflabellate structure of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Found only from the Kocebu Guyot in the Magellan seamounts with water depth of 1669 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
Colony attached to a rocky substrate with a small holdfast (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology of the holotype and polyps of Chrysogorgia binata sp. nov. A Two planar fans of the colony after fixation B The holotype (arrow) in situ. Laser dots spaced at 33 cm used for measuring dimensions C The colony after collection D A single polyp under SEM E Single terminal polyp under light microscope F Short trunk with the first bifurcation of branches after fixation. Scale bars: 10 cm (A); 5 cm (C); 1 mm (D, E); 1 cm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/347795" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.881.34759.figure4">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="91" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
Within the known species of 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, seven species mainly possess a planar structure (Table 
<tableCitation captionStartId="T1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EFAF205766322083B9365876FCFC58DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="EFAF205766322083B9365876FCFC58DC">1</tableCitation>
). Among these, including our specimen, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. desbonni" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="desbonni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. desbonni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864 and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pinnata" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cairns, 2007 belong to the 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;group A, Spiculosae&quot;; 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia chryseis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chryseis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia chryseis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bayer &amp; Stefani, 1988 and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. stellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="stellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. stellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nutting, 1908 belong to the &quot;group B, Squamosae aberrantes&quot;. 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia binata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia binata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.; 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. electra" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="electra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. electra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bayer &amp; Stefani, 1988 and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scintillans" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bayer &amp; Stefani, 1988 belong to the &quot;group C, Squamosae typicae&quot;. The species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. upsilonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="upsilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. upsilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cordeiro, Castro &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
, 2015 belongs to the &quot;group D, Spiculosae aberrantes&quot;. Based on the arrangement of the sclerites, 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia binata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia binata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can easily be distinguished from the species in groups A, B and D.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="91">
Both 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia binata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia binata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. electra" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="electra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. electra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a biflabellate colony. However, the new species differs from the latter by its larger polyps (3-5 mm vs. generally 1.75-2.00 mm in height), eight short and blunt points beneath the tentacles (vs. inconspicuous), scales of various shapes with low and broad marginal lobes in the body wall (vs. elongate with narrow prominent marginal lobes), scales mainly slipper-shaped in coenenchyme (vs. elongate tapered with prominent marginal lobes) (
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="257 - 279" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1988. A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 257 - 279" title="A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific." volume="101" year="1988">Bayer and Stefani 1988</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia binata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">Chrysogorgia binata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. scintillans" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="91">C. scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger polyps (3-5 mm vs. up to 2.8 mm in height), larger sclerites in the body wall (maximum length 0.93 mm vs. 0.65 mm), scales in the upper part of polyps (irregular and usually with sharp end vs. regular and usually with smooth end), scales around the sides of each naked tract (lancet-shaped and usually with coarse granules vs. twisted, flat and often lobed) (
<bibRefCitation author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="257 - 279" refId="B3" refString="Bayer, FM, Stefani, J, 1988. A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101: 257 - 279" title="A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific." volume="101" year="1988">Bayer and Stefani 1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 46" refId="B6" refString="Cairns, SD, 2018. Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia. ZooKeys 729: 1 - 46" title="Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.729.21779" volume="729" year="2018">Cairns 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>