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<document id="2D27F80650594F06E10DB6AADE533BED" ID-CLB-Dataset="46278" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3774.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2383d3fd-3ec2-4af2-8d97-94d35629f479" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="225988" ID-ZooBank="1E9E30D8-392F-454B-B6F6-68E2276B35F9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460393225364" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chang, Chih-Han, Chuang, Shu-Chun, Wu, Jia Hsing &amp; Chen, Jiun-Hong" docDate="2014" docId="7F1BFC0F2812CC67C9C9C1AFFB084AED" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03774p332.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3774 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Metaphire tengjhihensis Chang, Chuang, Wu &amp; Chen, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="832284772813CC64C95EC563FFA94B6A" masterDocTitle="New species of earthworms belonging to the Metaphire formosae species group (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) in Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="324" pageNumber="325" updateTime="1698298458815" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1D5D5A7356E0499CE8DAF078B7F989EA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="B2781DAE98243F2FD9104E3D0E72C3FB">
<mods:title id="FB3C0A7A36DD44C96B207E981677D47E">New species of earthworms belonging to the Metaphire formosae species group (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) in Taiwan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E3782B69139138C681DBFCA43E07545F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="979A2C4DC6C7B49A6BA23717BA75C3EC">
<mods:roleTerm id="F61F039504E5E6B9AF1D51A511CD206E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0D80A930DCF63F8C70B3AB3DB9754D98">Chang, Chih-Han</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1E6BBECF7EBC96874C32382E92F7E807" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FB73F58B97BA2ECCB373EB4A6760BC49">
<mods:roleTerm id="E882AD52E216CCF87FE4DD94809C4C4B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4DA9C296338DE1FE6A3BA01527B2830C">Chuang, Shu-Chun</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AA33BF2935D5A93088C827D81DDEF4F2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3607AB43F523F9DFCA2010361DD5D13B">
<mods:roleTerm id="88BF8C159CB077259F2283ED11C0F743">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6F00356D0C7BBAD2AC85F9ABF1B678AE">Wu, Jia Hsing</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D00074476E9B1281696D15052DB72FB3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="263EC05395E1685205C969091D89F705">
<mods:roleTerm id="97DD92D3BAA3FADDD0688DE02FE47F28">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2C24394B1DE39A409A04F72C79C8B322">Chen, Jiun-Hong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F5167AEB363B3A6E3FC23D1ED60C1CE0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3264F8DEDF028006A056159BD6406DF6">
<mods:title id="B9E4216BA19DAE2A29555858DFFEB41B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CEEA4FDBD3F80D8798F7BBC4923B1397">
<mods:date id="834217EE58ADE458BEF8D4F2A8D76BFF">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3EFAAD752B2C5BB0E2D7E0FD9A6C20CF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AF1BF084F19F573B30B41C74BB41BF9C">3774</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AC37CBF1C8D79454BE7E760255C4A901" type="issue">
<mods:number id="DAF9E718EB0134CAB3145C9079C884C6">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="E1863D97A168370BF674A23D1F5D6A3B">324</mods:start>
<mods:end id="531E112FEC48E3BE1BCD867C899104D1">332</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="17DC1880740EEAA27A4A6107CABC7E17">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A60FE34409D41CE36C021BD84C117005" type="CLB-Dataset">46278</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B7A3E9C1946AF7428680A8DA70067063" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3774.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F43B68D125D0E66A0913AAA976419EC7" type="GBIF-Dataset">2383d3fd-3ec2-4af2-8d97-94d35629f479</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="530982D025B8AB0977EBB35DA590E2D1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="49CD98B9D708DE5134F9AFC336990383" type="Zenodo-Dep">225988</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6F87270F917549B74CCEB1CA80E55696" type="ZooBank">1E9E30D8-392F-454B-B6F6-68E2276B35F9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="7F1BFC0F2812CC67C9C9C1AFFB084AED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6127103" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119417347" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6127103" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F1BFC0F2812CC67C9C9C1AFFB084AED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F1BFC0F2812CC67C9C9C1AFFB084AED" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<subSubSection id="BFA81E922812CC65C9C9C1AFFF424E60" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C9C9C1AFFD624F8C" blockId="1.[151,715,1228,1290]" box="[151,715,1228,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<heading id="AC45FA752812CC65C9C9C1AFFD624F8C" bold="true" box="[151,715,1228,1254]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" reason="2">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C9C9C1AFFD624F8C" bold="true" box="[151,715,1228,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2812CC65C9C9C1AFFE064F8F" box="[151,431,1228,1253]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tengjhihensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C9C9C1AFFE064F8F" bold="true" box="[151,431,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Metaphire tengjhihensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DEF52C702812CC65C8E8C1AEFDB94F8C" box="[438,528,1229,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Chang &amp; Chen
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C9C9C192FF424E60" blockId="1.[151,715,1228,1290]" box="[151,235,1265,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
(
<figureCitation id="6F89519C2812CC65C9C1C192FF494E60" box="[159,224,1265,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,778,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[213,1374,772,1928]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Metaphire tengjhihensis sp. nov. A. Ventral view of anterior body (fp, female pore; mp, male pore; cl, clitellum). B. Spermatheca (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum). C. Male pore area (op, oval pad). D. Prostate gland with prostatic duct. Drawings of B, C, and D based on photographs from Fig. 32 in Chang &amp; Chen 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225989/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFA81E922812CC65C9C9C05AFB844E04" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C9C9C05AFB844E04" blockId="1.[151,1436,1337,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2812CC65C9C9C05AFEA94E25" box="[151,256,1337,1359]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C9C9C05AFEA94E25" box="[151,256,1337,1359]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Metaphire</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.: Chang
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C829C059FE034E25" box="[375,426,1337,1359]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 959, 964–965,
<figureCitation id="6F89519C2812CC65CBDBC05AFD6F4E25" box="[645,710,1337,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,778,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[213,1374,772,1928]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Metaphire tengjhihensis sp. nov. A. Ventral view of anterior body (fp, female pore; mp, male pore; cl, clitellum). B. Spermatheca (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum). C. Male pore area (op, oval pad). D. Prostate gland with prostatic duct. Drawings of B, C, and D based on photographs from Fig. 32 in Chang &amp; Chen 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225989/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
–4,
<tableCitation id="BA3078A22812CC65CBB1C05AFCED4E25" box="[751,836,1337,1359]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1155,1178]" captionText="TABLE 1. GenBank accession numbers of DNA barcode sequences from type specimens of the Metaphire formosae species group." pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, 3; Chang &amp; Chen 2008: 56–58,
<figureCitation id="6F89519C2812CC65CDCFC05AFB604E25" box="[1169,1225,1337,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[219,1366,778,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[213,1374,772,1928]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Metaphire tengjhihensis sp. nov. A. Ventral view of anterior body (fp, female pore; mp, male pore; cl, clitellum). B. Spermatheca (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum). C. Male pore area (op, oval pad). D. Prostate gland with prostatic duct. Drawings of B, C, and D based on photographs from Fig. 32 in Chang &amp; Chen 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225989/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
O,
<tableCitation id="BA3078A22812CC65CDB4C05AFA9D4E25" box="[1258,1332,1337,1359]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1155,1178]" captionText="TABLE 1. GenBank accession numbers of DNA barcode sequences from type specimens of the Metaphire formosae species group." pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="932330E82812CC65CC1FC05AFEB44E04" author="Chang" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" refString="Chang, C. - H., Shen, H. - P. &amp; Chen, J. - H. (2009) Earthworm Fauna of Taiwan. National Taiwan University Press, Taipei, Taiwan, 174 pp." type="book" year="2009">
Chang
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65CCD4C059FF4B4E04" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 6,
<figureCitation id="6F89519C2812CC65C81EC03BFED54E04" box="[320,380,1368,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,528,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[220,1368,519,1644]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Metaphire nanaoensis truku ssp. nov. A. Ventral view of anterior body (fp, female pore; mp, male pore; cl, clitellum). B. Spermatheca (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum). C. Male pore area (sw, longitudinally swollen region). D. Prostate gland with prostatic duct. Drawings of B, C, and D based on photographs from Fig. 14 in Chang &amp; Chen 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225990/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
O. [
<bibRefCitation id="932330E82812CC65C8FEC03BFDC14E04" box="[416,616,1368,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" refString="Chang, C. - H., Shen, H. - P. &amp; Chen, J. - H. (2009) Earthworm Fauna of Taiwan. National Taiwan University Press, Taipei, Taiwan, 174 pp." type="book">
Chang
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C8B5C03AFDB64E04" box="[491,543,1368,1390]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
cited the taxon as ‘an undescribed species’].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFA81E922812CC65C9C9C0F9FD214DC5" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C9C9C0F9FE544D74" blockId="1.[151,1436,1434,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C9C9C0F9FEF14ED9" bold="true" box="[151,344,1434,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<typeStatus id="2809F3BB2812CC65C9C9C0F9FF7B4ED9" box="[151,210,1434,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="2809F3BB2812CC65C801C0F9FE654ED9" box="[351,460,1434,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="91A3D5DC2812CC65C88BC0F8FD914ED8" box="[469,568,1435,1458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">MZNTU</collectionCode>
14-05901 (mature), collected
<date id="830C6BD92812CC65CAD4C0F9FBB84ED9" box="[906,1041,1434,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" value="2003-05-06">6 May 2003</date>
from Tengjhih, Kaohsiung County,
<collectingCountry id="8FA50D892812CC65C9C9C0DDFF404EBD" box="[151,233,1470,1495]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
by C.-H. Chang.
<typeStatus id="2809F3BB2812CC65C8E3C0DCFD874EBD" box="[445,558,1471,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: Two specimens.
<collectionCode id="91A3D5DC2812CC65CBA1C0DCFCCA4EBC" box="[767,867,1471,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">MZNTU</collectionCode>
14-07003 (mature), collected
<date id="830C6BD92812CC65CD9AC0DCFAF24EBD" box="[1220,1371,1470,1495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" value="2004-04-01">1 April 2004</date>
from Tengjhih, Kaohsiung County by C.-H. Chang;
<collectionCode id="91A3D5DC2812CC65CBFDC080FCAF4E90" box="[675,774,1507,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">MZNTU</collectionCode>
14-07175 (mature), collected
<date id="830C6BD92812CC65CD05C080FB424E91" box="[1115,1259,1506,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" value="2004-04-04">4 April 2004</date>
from Liouguei, Kaohsiung County by S.-P. Wu.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C999C349FD214DC5" blockId="1.[151,1436,1434,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C999C349FDA44D29" bold="true" box="[199,525,1578,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Other material examined.</emphasis>
Three mature specimens.
<collectionCode id="91A3D5DC2812CC65CA0BC348FC104D28" box="[853,953,1579,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">MZNTU</collectionCode>
14-05900, collected
<date id="830C6BD92812CC65CDE0C349FAFF4D29" box="[1214,1366,1578,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" value="2003-05-05">5 May 2003</date>
from Tengjhih, Kaohsiung County,
<collectingCountry id="8FA50D892812CC65C8B2C32DFD974D0D" box="[492,574,1614,1639]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
by C.-H. Chang;
<collectionCode id="91A3D5DC2812CC65CA55C32CFCC64D0C" box="[779,879,1615,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">MZNTU</collectionCode>
14-05902, collected
<date id="830C6BD92812CC65CD3EC32DFB434D0D" box="[1120,1258,1614,1639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" value="2003-05-06">6 May 2003</date>
from Tengjhih, Kaohsiung County,
<collectingCountry id="8FA50D892812CC65C828C311FE614DE1" box="[374,456,1650,1675]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
by C.-H. Chang;
<collectionCode id="91A3D5DC2812CC65CBCFC310FD5D4DE0" box="[657,756,1651,1674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">MZNTU</collectionCode>
14-06224, collected
<date id="830C6BD92812CC65CABCC310FBDA4DE1" box="[994,1139,1650,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" value="2003-07-30">30 July 2003</date>
along Route 20, Taoyuan, Kaohsiung County,
<collectingCountry id="8FA50D892812CC65C828C3F5FE614DC5" box="[374,456,1686,1711]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
by C.-H. Chang.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFA81E922812CC65C999C3D9FE154D9C" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C999C3D9FE154D9C" blockId="1.[151,1436,1434,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C999C3D9FEC94DB9" bold="true" box="[199,352,1722,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Distribution.</emphasis>
Southward of the Launong River in the southwest of the Central Mountain Range, recorded at elevations above
<quantity id="304AE0FC2812CC65C807C3BCFE114D9C" box="[345,440,1759,1783]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="2.0">2,000 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFA81E922812CC65C999C261FCED4C71" box="[199,836,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C999C261FCED4C71" blockId="1.[151,1436,1434,2035]" box="[199,836,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C999C261FEE74C71" bold="true" box="[199,334,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Etymology.</emphasis>
After the
<typeStatus id="2809F3BB2812CC65C8E1C260FE464C71" box="[447,495,1795,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">type</typeStatus>
locality Tengjhih, Kaohsiung.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFA81E922812CC65C999C245FB724C55" box="[199,1243,1830,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C999C245FB724C55" blockId="1.[151,1436,1434,2035]" box="[199,1243,1830,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C999C245FDD14C55" bold="true" box="[199,632,1830,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<collectionCode id="91A3D5DC2812CC65C999C245FEAD4C55" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[199,260,1830,1855]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">DNA</collectionCode>
barcodes from
<typeStatus id="2809F3BB2812CC65C8E0C245FE584C55" box="[446,497,1830,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</emphasis>
Available for
<collectionCode id="91A3D5DC2812CC65CA47C244FCD44C54" box="[793,893,1831,1854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">MZNTU</collectionCode>
14-05901, 14-07175 (
<tableCitation id="BA3078A22812CC65CD28C245FB634C55" box="[1142,1226,1830,1855]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1155,1178]" captionText="TABLE 1. GenBank accession numbers of DNA barcode sequences from type specimens of the Metaphire formosae species group." pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFA81E922812CC66C999C229FB2E49A6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C999C229FAAC4CC1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1434,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C999C229FEE84C09" bold="true" box="[199,321,1866,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Pheretimoids with lengths
<quantity id="304AE0FC2812CC65CB2BC229FD564C08" box="[629,767,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" metricValueMax="1.76" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="133.0" valueMax="176.0" valueMin="90.0">90–176 mm</quantity>
, clitellum width
<quantity id="304AE0FC2812CC65CAE0C228FBB74C08" box="[958,1054,1867,1891]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
. Copulatory pouches present with a round or oval pad in front of the male pore. Spermathecae four pairs in 6–9 with coiled diverticulum stalks. No genital papillae in the spermathecal pore area. Testes proandric. Prostate gland lobular. Caeca simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F70D4D192812CC65C999C2D5FA354C99" blockId="1.[151,1436,1434,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C999C2D5FDFE4CA5" bold="true" box="[199,599,1974,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">
Morphology.
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2812CC65C837C2D5FDFE4CA5" bold="true" box="[361,599,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="325">External characters.</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Length (mature)
<quantity id="304AE0FC2812CC65CA7DC2D5FC074CA4" box="[803,942,1974,1999]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" metricValueMax="1.76" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="133.0" valueMax="176.0" valueMin="90.0">90–176 mm</quantity>
, clitellum width
<quantity id="304AE0FC2812CC65CD2FC2D4FB7B4CA4" box="[1137,1234,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
, segment number 62–111. Number of annuli per segment three in 5–9, five in 10–13, and three in body segments behind 17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F70D4D192811CC66C9C9C5F4FBD44AC6" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">
Prostomium epilobous. Setae
<quantity id="304AE0FC2811CC66C8B2C5FBFDF64BDA" box="[492,607,151,176]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3622" metricValueMax="2.5907999999999998" metricValueMin="2.1336" pageId="2" pageNumber="326" unit="in" value="93.0" valueMax="102.0" valueMin="84.0">84–102 in</quantity>
<quantity id="304AE0FC2811CC66CB36C5FBFD534BDA" box="[616,762,151,176]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.396492" metricValueMax="2.5907999999999998" metricValueMin="0.202184" pageId="2" pageNumber="326" unit="in" value="54.98" valueMax="102.0" valueMin="7.96">7, 96–102 in</quantity>
20, 17–21 between male pores. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Clitellum 14–16, annular, smooth, length
<quantity id="304AE0FC2811CC66CB23C5DFFD494BBE" box="[637,736,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
, dorsal pore absent, setae absent. Preserved specimens light brown. Spermathecal pores four pairs in 5/6–8/9, lateral, distance between the paired pores about 0.4–0.5 body circumference apart ventrally. No genital papillae in the spermathecal pore region. Female pore single, mid-ventral in 14. Male pores paired in 18, latero-ventral, in a C-shaped copulatory pouch, with the opening of the C towards mid-ventral, bordered laterally by a thick skin wall. Male pore area slightly enlarged, extending to the post-setal and pre-setal annuli of 17 and 19, respectively, surrounded by circular folds, with a round or oval pad anterior to the pore and partially covered by the skin wall. Genital papillae absent in the male pore area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F70D4D192811CC66C999C4D4FB2E49A6" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2811CC66C999C4D4FE1B4ABA" bold="true" box="[199,434,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">Internal characters.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="8FA50D892811CC66C8E0C4DBFE554ABA" box="[446,508,440,464]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">Septa</collectingCountry>
5/6–7/8 slightly thickened, 8/9 membranous, 9/10 absent,
<date id="830C6BD92811CC66CDE8C4DBFAEB4ABA" box="[1206,1346,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="326" value="1914-10-11" valueMax="1914-10-13" valueMin="1914-10-11">10/11–13/14</date>
greatly thickened. Gizzard in 8. Intestine enlarged from 15. Intestinal caeca paired in 27, simple, extending anteriorly to 23. Oesophageal hearts enlarged in 10–13. Spermathecae four pairs in 6–9, each with an elliptic ampulla about
<quantity id="304AE0FC2811CC66CC2CC49CFF6A4956" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
long, and a short stalk about
<quantity id="304AE0FC2811CC66CB4DC747FDDD4956" box="[531,628,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
. Diverticulum small, with an oval, white seminal chamber, and a short, tightly coiled stalk, reaching the base of ampulla. Meronephridia tufted, attached to the anterior face of septa 5/6 and 6/7. Ovaries paired in 13, medio-ventral, close to the 12/13 septum. Testis sacs paired in 10, oval-shaped, smooth, medio-ventral in front of 10/11. Seminal vesicles paired in 11, large, enclosed in thin sacs, each one with a folliculate dorsal lobe. Prostate glands paired in 18, large, lobular, extending to 17 and 19.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="A3CD1D912811CC66C9C9C2FEFC5D4C9A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225989/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="326" targetBox="[219,1366,778,1922]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="F70D4D192811CC66C9C9C2FEFC5D4C9A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1948,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2811CC66C9C9C2FEFD244CD8" bold="true" box="[151,653,1948,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">
FIGURE 1.
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2811CC66C847C2FFFDBF4CD9" box="[281,534,1948,1971]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="2" pageNumber="326" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tengjhihensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2811CC66C847C2FFFDBF4CD9" bold="true" box="[281,534,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">Metaphire tengjhihensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DEF52C702811CC66CB43C2FEFDC74CD8" box="[541,622,1949,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
Ventral view of anterior body (fp, female pore; mp, male pore; cl, clitellum).
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2811CC66C9C9C2DFFF074CBB" bold="true" box="[151,174,1980,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">B.</emphasis>
Spermatheca (amp, ampulla; dv, diverticulum).
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2811CC66CBF7C2D8FD6B4CBB" bold="true" box="[681,706,1979,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">C.</emphasis>
Male pore area (op, oval pad).
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2811CC66CD4BC2DFFB874CBB" bold="true" box="[1045,1070,1980,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="326">D.</emphasis>
Prostate gland with prostatic duct. Drawings of B, C, and D based on photographs from Fig. 32 in Chang &amp; Chen 2008.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="BFA81E922810CC67C999C5F4FB084AED" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F70D4D192810CC67C999C5F4FB084AED" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67C999C5F4FE924BDA" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67C81AC5FAFE564BDA" box="[324,511,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tengjhihensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67C81AC5FAFE564BDA" box="[324,511,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">M. tengjhihensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DEF52C702810CC67CB56C5F4FDCA4BDA" box="[520,611,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67CB56C5F4FDCA4BDA" bold="true" box="[520,611,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is the sister taxon to
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67CA03C5FAFC654BDA" box="[861,972,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="feijani">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67CA03C5FAFC654BDA" box="[861,972,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">M. feijani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and was recognized as a cryptic species morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67C890C5DEFD724BBE" box="[462,731,189,212]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="paiwanna" subSpecies="paiwanna">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67C890C5DEFD724BBE" box="[462,731,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">M. paiwanna paiwanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Chang
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67CA05C5DEFC3C4BBE" box="[859,917,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">et al.</emphasis>
(2008) using DNA barcodes as well as other genes. These authors showed that
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67CB46C582FD7B4B92" box="[536,722,224,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tengjhihensis">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67CB46C582FD7B4B92" box="[536,722,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">M. tengjhihensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67CBBDC583FCFE4B92" box="[739,855,224,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67CBBDC583FCFE4B92" box="[739,855,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">Metaphire</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. in the paper) and
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67CD12C582FAFE4B9D" box="[1100,1367,224,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="paiwanna" subSpecies="paiwanna">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67CD12C582FAFE4B9D" box="[1100,1367,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">M. paiwanna paiwanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ by an average of 16.4% in their COI gene. Compared to
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67CA6FC466FBE94A76" box="[817,1088,261,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="paiwanna" subSpecies="paiwanna">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67CA6FC466FBE94A76" box="[817,1088,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">M. paiwanna paiwanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67CD0FC466FAA44A76" box="[1105,1293,260,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tengjhihensis">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67CD0FC466FAA44A76" box="[1105,1293,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">M. tengjhihensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally smaller and has more regularly coiled spermathecal diverticulum stalks. In addition, the two species live in different habitats:
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67C838C42EFDD84A0E" box="[358,625,333,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="paiwanna" subSpecies="paiwanna">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67C838C42EFDD84A0E" box="[358,625,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">M. paiwanna paiwanna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives in evergreen broadleaf forests at elevations below
<quantity id="304AE0FC2810CC67CDAFC42FFAF94A0E" box="[1265,1360,332,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="1.6">1,600 m</quantity>
, while
<taxonomicName id="30B2369A2810CC67C9C9C412FEF94AE2" box="[151,336,368,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Metaphire" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tengjhihensis">
<emphasis id="C5C6910B2810CC67C9C9C412FEF94AE2" box="[151,336,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="327">M. tengjhihensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives in the colder deciduous broadleaf forests at elevations above
<quantity id="304AE0FC2810CC67CD60C413FB344AED" box="[1086,1181,368,392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="327" unit="m" value="2.0">2,000 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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